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Automatic Fan Controller: Project Report

This project report describes an automatic fan controller circuit that uses a thermistor to sense temperature changes and control a fan. When the temperature sensed by the thermistor is at room temperature, the fan is turned off. When the temperature rises above the set point, the fan is turned on. The circuit uses an op-amp comparator configuration with the thermistor and potentiometer on the input to compare the temperature to the set point. When the temperature exceeds the set point, the op-amp output triggers a transistor and relay to power the fan. The circuit can be used to automatically control fans or other devices wherever temperature monitoring and response is needed.

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59 views12 pages

Automatic Fan Controller: Project Report

This project report describes an automatic fan controller circuit that uses a thermistor to sense temperature changes and control a fan. When the temperature sensed by the thermistor is at room temperature, the fan is turned off. When the temperature rises above the set point, the fan is turned on. The circuit uses an op-amp comparator configuration with the thermistor and potentiometer on the input to compare the temperature to the set point. When the temperature exceeds the set point, the op-amp output triggers a transistor and relay to power the fan. The circuit can be used to automatically control fans or other devices wherever temperature monitoring and response is needed.

Uploaded by

hellcoldfire
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Report

Automatic Fan Controller

Usman Ahmed
Noman Faiz
Acknowledgments
First all thanks to Allah for helping us out with all difficulties we faced. Secondly we would
specially like to thank Mr. Moiz Masood, who helped us in every possible way he could range
from personal assistance to providing lab facilities at any time.
List of Contents
1. Object
2. Circuit Diagram
3. List of components
4. Block Diagram
5. Circuit Theory
6. Applications
7. Datasheets
8. References
Object
The object of this project is to create a fan controlled by the temperature changes. In this project
when the temperature of the thermistor is equal to room temperature it causes the fan in “OFF”
state. However when the temperature of thermistor gets higher than normal temperature it
switches the fan to “ON” state.
Circuit Diagram
List of Components
Resistors

 Thermistor (10k)
 100k Potentiometer
 10k X 2
 150K
 4.7K
 1K

Other Components

 IC 741

 Transistor BC548

 12 Volt Relay

 Diode 1N4001

 DC Motor / DC Fan
Block diagram
Circuit theory
 The main concept of this circuit is based upon using 741 as a comparator
 The non-inverting input is connected between two equivalent resistors of 10k each this
provides a constant reference voltage
 The inverting input is applied to the thermistor and potentiometer
 The position of the potentiometer decides on what temperature will the circuit operate.
 If the potentiometer is connected to upper side near Vcc the circuit will turn active on
lower temperatures while the opposite will happen if the potentiometer is connected near
ground and the thermistor near Vcc
 Now the potentiometer in this circuit is used for setting the operating temperatures and it
is adjusted according to the current temperature of the thermistor
 It is kept in such value that it will keep the circuit “OFF” in normal room temperatures
and it will “ON” the circuit at temperature rises
 To the output of 741 IC is a transistor connected in order to provide power to drive the
relay
 The ground terminal of relay is connected with circuit ground while the ground of
motor/fan is connected with NO(normally open) terminal of relay
 As the relay power ups the relays switches the NO terminal to close which turns on the
motor/fan
 The diode present in the circuit is used for protection against reverse voltages which
would probably damage the IC or transistor both of which will cease to work when
higher currents are drawn through their outputs
 The circuit doesn’t uses any negative supply, it is operating on Vcc and Ground
Applications
The circuit has applications related to fields where temperature rises are not favorable and
usually they can’t be monitored constantly.

This circuit’s thermistor is kept out of main circuit usually soldered on a separate board. So that
the thermistor may be inserted into the place where temperature monitoring is required.

We have to keep this in mind that this circuit is not restricted to D.C motors it can be used to
switch on any motor or a buzzer.
Datasheets
References
http://www.google.com
Fairchild Semiconductors

http://www.electronics-lab.com

Electronic Circuit Guidebook (OP-AMPS) by Joseph & J. Carr

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