Australia Inglish
Australia Inglish
Australia Inglish
Australia (/streli/, /-/, colloquially /-j/),[10][11] ofcially known as the Commonwealth of Australia,[12]
is an Oceanian country comprising the mainland of the
Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Papua
New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the
Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New
Zealand to the south-east.
For about 50,000 years[13] before the rst British settlement in the late 18th century,[14][15] Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians,[16] who spoke languages
grouped into roughly 250 language groups.[17][18] After
the European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australias eastern half was claimed by Great
Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent
decades; the continent was explored and an additional
ve self-governing crown colonies were established. On
1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the
Commonwealth of Australia. Since federation, Australia
has maintained a stable liberal democratic political sys- 2 History
tem that functions as a federal parliamentary democracy
and constitutional monarchy comprising six states and Main article: History of Australia
several territories. The population of 23.6 million[5] is
highly urbanised and heavily concentrated in the eastern
states and on the coast.[19]
2.1 Prehistory
Australia is a developed country and one of the wealthiest in the world, with the worlds 12th-largest economy. In 2014 Australia had the worlds fth-highest
per capita income.[20] Australias military expenditure is
the worlds 13th-largest. With the second-highest human
development index globally, Australia ranks highly in
many international comparisons of national performance,
such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, and the protection of civil liberties and political
rights.[21] Australia is a member of the United Nations,
G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacic Economic Cooperation, and the Pacic Islands Forum.
Human habitation of the Australian continent is estimated to have begun between 42,000 and 48,000 years
ago,[32][33] possibly with the migration of people by
land bridges and short sea-crossings from what is now
Southeast Asia. These rst inhabitants may have been
ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians.[34] At the
time of European settlement in the late 18th century,
most Indigenous Australians were hunter-gatherers, with
a complex oral culture and spiritual values based on reverence for the land and a belief in the Dreamtime. The
Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturalists and hunter-gatherers.[35] The northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by shermen from Maritime Southeast Asia.[36]
2.2
HISTORY
European arrival
Tasmanias Port Arthur penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed Australian Convict Sites.
3
tlewas not recognised until 1992, when the High Court
case Mabo v Queensland (No 2) overturned the legal doctrine that Australia had been terra nullius (land belonging to no one) before the European occupation.[53]
2.3
Colonial expansion
2.4
Nationhood
3 Government
The Last Post is played at an Anzac Day ceremony in Port Melbourne, Victoria. Similar ceremonies are held in most suburbs
and towns.
3 GOVERNMENT
A clickable map of Australias states and mainland Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord
territories
Howe Island by New South Wales.
Australia has six statesNew South Wales (NSW),
Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania 5 Foreign relations and military
(TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)
and two major mainland territoriesthe Australian Cap- Main articles: Foreign relations of Australia and
ital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT). In Australian Defence Force
most respects these two territories function as states, but Over recent decades, Australias foreign relations have
the Commonwealth Parliament can override any legislation of their parliaments. By contrast, federal legislation
overrides state legislation only in areas that are set out
in Section 51 of the Australian Constitution; state parliaments retain all residual legislative powers, including
those over schools, state police, the state judiciary, roads,
public transport and local government, since these do not
fall under the provisions listed in Section 51.[97]
Each state and major mainland territory has its own
parliamentunicameral in the Northern Territory, the
ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states.
The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as dened by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative
Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and
Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative
Council. The head of the government in each state is
the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister.
The Queen is represented in each state by a Governor;
and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator.[98] In
the Commonwealth, the Queens representative is the
Governor-General.[99]
Surrounded by the Indian and Pacic oceans,[N 5] it is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas, with
the Coral Sea lying o the Queensland coast, and the
Tasman Sea lying between Australia and New Zealand.
The worlds smallest continent[123] and sixth largest country by total area,[124] Australiaowing to its size and
isolationis often dubbed the island continent,[125] and
is sometimes considered the worlds largest island.[126]
Australia has 34,218 kilometres (21,262 mi) of coastline
(excluding all oshore islands),[127] and claims an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone
does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory.[128]
Apart from Macquarie Island, Australia lies between latitudes 9 and 44S, and longitudes 112 and 154E.
The Great Barrier Reef, the worlds largest coral reef,[129]
lies a short distance o the north-east coast and extends
for over 2,000 kilometres (1,240 mi). Mount Augustus,
claimed to be the worlds largest monolith,[130] is located
in Western Australia. At 2,228 metres (7,310 ft), Mount
Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest
mountain on the Australian mainland. Even taller are
Mawson Peak (at 2,745 metres or 9,006 feet), on the
remote Australian territory of Heard Island, and, in the
Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount McClintock and
Mount Menzies, at 3,492 metres (11,457 ft) and 3,355
metres (11,007 ft) respectively.[131]
Coral of the Great Barrier Reef, the worlds largest coral reef
system.
(2,941,300 sq mi)[121] is on the Indo-Australian Plate. Eastern Australia is marked by the Great Dividing Range,
7
which runs parallel to the coast of Queensland, New
South Wales and much of Victoria. The name is not
strictly accurate, because parts of the range consist of
low hills, and the highlands are typically no more than
1,600 metres (5,249 ft) in height.[140] The coastal uplands and a belt of Brigalow grasslands lie between the
coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing
range are large areas of grassland.[140][141] These include the western plains of New South Wales, and the
Einasleigh Uplands, Barkly Tableland, and Mulga Lands
of inland Queensland. The northernmost point of the
east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula.[142][143][144][145]
7 Environment
Main article: Environment of Australia
See also: Fauna of Australia, Flora of Australia and Fungi
of Australia
Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert,
8
European settlement, among them the thylacine.[166][167]
Many of Australias ecoregions, and the species within
those regions, are threatened by human activities
and introduced animal, chromistan, fungal and plant
species.[168] All these factors have led to Australia having the highest mammal extinction rate of any country in the world.[169] The federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is the legal
framework for the protection of threatened species.[170]
Numerous protected areas have been created under the
National Strategy for the Conservation of Australias
Biological Diversity to protect and preserve unique
ecosystems;[171][172] 65 wetlands are listed under the
Ramsar Convention,[173] and 16 natural World Heritage
Sites have been established.[174] Australia was ranked
3rd out of 178 countries in the world on the 2014
Environmental Performance Index.[175]
8 ECONOMY
restrictions are frequently in place in many regions and
cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages due to
urban population increases and localised drought.[183][184]
Throughout much of the continent, major ooding regularly follows extended periods of drought, ushing out inland river systems, overowing dams and inundating large
inland ood plains, as occurred throughout Eastern Australia in 2010, 2011 and 2012 after the 2000s Australian
drought.
A carbon tax was introduced in 2012 and helped to reduce Australias emissions but was scrapped in 2014 under the Liberal Government.[185] Since the carbon tax was
repealed, emissions have again continued to rise.[186]
8 Economy
Main article: Economy of Australia
See also: Economic history of Australia, Median
household income in Australia and New Zealand and
Transport in Australia
Australia is a wealthy country; it generates its
sue in Australia.[176][177] In 2007, the First Rudd Government signed the instrument of ratication of the Kyoto
Protocol. Nevertheless, Australias carbon dioxide emissions per capita are among the highest in the world, lower
than those of only a few other industrialised nations.[178]
Rainfall in Australia has slightly increased over the past
century, both nationwide and for two quadrants of the
nation.[179]
According to the Bureau of Meteorology's 2011 Australian Climate Statement, Australia had lower than average temperatures in 2011 as a consequence of a La
Nia weather pattern; however, the countrys 10-year
average continues to demonstrate the rising trend in temperatures, with 20022011 likely to rank in the top two
warmest 10-year periods on record for Australia, at 0.52
C above the long-term average.[180] Furthermore, 2014
was Australias third warmest year since national temperature observations commenced in 1910.[181][182] Water
income from various sources including miningrelated exports, telecommunications, banking and
manufacturing.[192][193][194] It has a market economy, a
relatively high GDP per capita, and a relatively low rate
of poverty. In terms of average wealth, Australia ranked
second in the world after Switzerland in 2013, although
the nations poverty rate increased from 10.2% to
9
11.8%, from 2000/01 to 2013.[195][196] It was identied
by the Credit Suisse Research Institute as the nation
with the highest median wealth in the world and the
second-highest average wealth per adult in 2013.[195]
The Hawke Government oated the Australian dollar in 1983 and partially deregulated the nancial
system.[213] The Howard Government followed with a
partial deregulation of the labour market and the further privatisation of state-owned businesses, most notably
in the telecommunications industry.[214] The indirect tax
system was substantially changed in July 2000 with the introduction of a 10% Goods and Services Tax (GST).[215]
In Australias tax system, personal and company income
tax are the main sources of government revenue.[216]
The Australian dollar is the currency for the nation, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and
Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacic Island
states of Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu. With the 2006
merger of the Australian Stock Exchange and the Sydney
Futures Exchange, the Australian Securities Exchange
became the ninth largest in the world.[197]
In May 2012, there were 11,537,900 people employed
or part-time), with an unemployment rate
Ranked third in the Index of Economic Freedom (either full[217]
of
5.1%.
Youth unemployment (1524) stood at
[198]
(2010),
Australia is the worlds twelfth largest econ[217]
11.2%.
Data
released in mid-November 2013 showed
omy and has the fth highest per capita GDP (nomithat
the
number
of
welfare recipients had grown by 55%.
nal) at $66,984. The country was ranked second in the
In
2007
228,621
Newstart
unemployment allowance reUnited Nations 2011 Human Development Index and
cipients
were
registered,
a
total
that increased to 646,414
[199]
All of Ausrst in Legatum's 2008 Prosperity Index.
[218]
in
March
2013.
According
to the Graduate Careers
tralias major cities fare well in global comparative livSurvey,
full-time
employment
for
newly qualied pro[200]
ability surveys;
Melbourne reached top spot for the
fessionals
from
various
occupations
has declined since
fourth year in a row on The Economist's 2014 list of the
2011
but
it
increases
for
graduates
three years after
worlds most liveable cities, followed by Adelaide, Syd[219][220]
graduation.
ney, and Perth in the fth, seventh, and ninth places
respectively.[201] Total government debt in Australia is
about $190 billion[202] 20% of GDP in 2010.[203] Australia has among the highest house prices and some of the
highest household-debt levels in the world.[204]
An emphasis on exporting commodities rather than manufactured goods has underpinned a signicant increase in
Australias terms of trade since the start of the 21st century, due to rising commodity prices. Australia has a balance of payments that is more than 7% of GDP negative,
and has had persistently large current account decits for
more than 50 years.[206] Australia has grown at an average annual rate of 3.6% for over 15 years, in comparison
to the OECD annual average of 2.5%.[206] Australia was
the only advanced economy not to experience a recession
due to the global nancial downturn in 20082009.[207]
However, the economies of six of Australias major trading partners have been in recession, which in turn has
aected Australia, signicantly hampering its economic
growth in recent years.[208][209] From 2012 to early 2013,
Australias national economy grew, but some non-mining
states and Australias non-mining economy experienced
a recession.[210][211][212]
9 Demographics
Main articles: Demographics of Australia, Immigration
to Australia and List of cities in Australia by population
For generations, the vast majority of immigrants came
from the British Isles, and the people of Australia are
still mainly of British or Irish ethnic origin. In the
2011 Australian census, the most commonly nominated
ancestry was English (36.1%), followed by Australian
(35.4%),[224] Irish (10.4%), Scottish (8.9%), Italian
(4.6%), German (4.5%), Chinese (4.3%), Indian (2.0%),
Greek (1.9%), and Dutch (1.7%).[225]
Australias population has quadrupled since the end
of World War I,[226] much of this increase from
immigration. Following World War II and through to
2000, almost 5.9 million of the total population settled
in the country as new immigrants, meaning that nearly
10
9 DEMOGRAPHICS
(759,849 for the period 200203;[243] 1 million or 5% of
the total population in 2005[244] ) live outside their home
country.
9.1 Language
Main article: Languages of Australia
Australia has one of the worlds most highly urbanised populations with the majority living in metropolitan cities on the coast.
(Pictured: Gold Coast beach and skyline, Queensland).
9.2 Religion
Main article: Religion in Australia
9.4
Health
11
9.3
Education
for
home
9.4 Health
See also: Health care in Australia
12
10
10
CULTURE
Culture
been strongly inuenced by Anglo-Celtic Western culture.[288][289] Distinctive cultural features have also arisen
from Australias natural environment and Indigenous
cultures.[290][291] Since the mid-20th century, American
popular culture has strongly inuenced Australia, particularly through television and cinema.[292] Other cultural inuences come from neighbouring Asian countries,
and through large-scale immigration from non-Englishspeaking nations.[292][293]
Australian literature grew slowly in the decades following European settlement though Indigenous oral traditions, many of which have since been recorded in writing, are much older.[302] Writers of the 19th-century
Bulletin School, such as Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson, captured the experience of the bush using a distinctive Australian vocabulary. Their works are still
very popular; Patersons bush poem "Waltzing Matilda"
(1895) is regarded as Australias unocial national
anthem.[303] Miles Franklin is the namesake of Australias most prestigious literary prize, awarded to the
10.1 Arts
best novel about Australian life.[304] Its rst recipient,
Patrick White, went on to win the Nobel Prize in LiteraMain articles: Australian art, Australian literature, ture in 1973.[305] Australian winners of the Man Booker
Theatre of Australia and Dance in Australia
Prize include Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally and Richard
Flanagan.[306] Author David Malouf, playwright David
The rock art of Australias Indigenous peoples is the Williamson and poet Les Murray are also renowned lit[307][308]
oldest and richest in the world, dating as far back as erary gures.
60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands Many of Australias performing arts companies reof sites.[294] Traditional designs, patterns and stories in- ceive funding through the federal governments Australia
fuse contemporary Indigenous Australian art, the last Council.[309] There is a symphony orchestra in each
great art movement of the 20th century";[295] its ex- state,[310] and a national opera company, Opera Ausponents include Emily Kame Kngwarreye.[296] During tralia,[311] well known for its famous soprano Joan Sutherthe rst century of European settlement, colonial artists, land.[312] At the beginning of the 20th century, Nellie
trained in Europe, showed a fascination with the unfamil- Melba was one of the worlds leading opera singers.[313]
iar land.[297] The naturalistic, sun-lled works of Arthur Ballet and dance are represented by The Australian BalStreeton, Tom Roberts and others associated with the let and various state companies. Each state has a publicly
19th-century Heidelberg Schoolthe rst distinctively funded theatre company.[314]
Australian movement in Western artgave expression
to a burgeoning Australian nationalism in the lead-up
to Federation.[297] While the school remained inuen- 10.2 Media
tial into the new century, modernists such as Margaret
Preston, and, later, Sidney Nolan and Arthur Boyd, ex- Main articles: Cinema of Australia, Television in Ausplored new artistic trends.[297] The landscape remained a tralia, Media of Australia and Music of Australia
central subject matter for Fred Williams, Brett Whiteley The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906), the worlds rst
and other post-World War II artists whose works, eclec- feature length lm, spurred a boom in Australian cin-
10.4
13
migrants, particularly from the Mediterranean, helped to
build a thriving Australian coee culture, and the inuence of Asian cultures has led to Australian variants of
their staple foods, such as the Chinese-inspired dim sim
and Chiko Roll.[331] Vegemite, pavlova, lamingtons and
meat pies are regarded as iconic Australian foods.[332]
Australian wine is produced mainly in the southern,
cooler parts of the country.
Actor playing the bushranger Ned Kelly in The Story of the Kelly
Gang (1906), the worlds rst feature lm
10.3
Cuisine
14
13
as it is among the global top three teams in terms of qualications to the Basketball Tournament at the Summer
Olympics. Other major international events held in Australia include the Australian Open tennis grand slam tournament, international cricket matches, and the Australian
Formula One Grand Prix. The highest-rating television
programs include sports telecasts such as the Summer
Olympics, FIFA World Cup, The Ashes, Rugby League
State of Origin, and the grand nals of the National Rugby
League and Australian Football League.[344] Skiing in
Australia began in the 1860s and snow sports take place
in the Australian Alps and parts of Tasmania.
11
See also
Transport in Australia
Tourism in Australia
Visa policy of Australia
Outline of Australia
Book:Australia
12
Notes
REFERENCES
zone various<ref name='time' group='N'>There are minor variations from three basic time zones; see Time in
Australia.
[3]
[4] Based on the Kppen climate classication.
[5] Australia describes the body of water south of its mainland as the Southern Ocean, rather than the Indian Ocean
as dened by the International Hydrographic Organization
(IHO). In 2000, a vote of IHO member nations dened
the term Southern Ocean as applying only to the waters
between Antarctica and 60 degrees south latitude.[122]
13 References
[1] Its an Honour Symbols Australian National Anthem
and DFAT Australian National Anthem; National
Symbols (PDF). Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia (29th ed.). 2005 [2002]. Retrieved 7 June 2007.
[2] Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies?". 1995
Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney.
Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Archived
from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 11
January 2009. English has no de jure status but it is so
entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the
ocial language as well as the national language.
[3] See entry in the Macquarie Dictionary.
[4] Collins English Dictionary.
Bishopbriggs, Glasgow:
HarperCollins. 2009. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-00-786171-2.
[5] Population clock. Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 29 June
2015. The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained
from the population clock on the date shown in the citation.
[6] Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012).
Australia. 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 June
2012.
[7] Australia. International Monetary Fund. October 2015.
Retrieved 9 October 2015.
[8] OECD Economic Surveys: Norway 2012.
[9] 2015 Human Development Report (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
[10] Macquarie ABC Dictionary. The Macquarie Library Pty
Ltd. 2003. p. 56. ISBN 1-876429-37-2.
[11] Australia. Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University
Press. April 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
[12] Constitution of Australia. ComLaw. 9 July 1900. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 3. It shall be lawful for the Queen,
15
with the advice of the Privy Council, to declare by proclamation that, on and after a day therein appointed, not being later than one year after the passing of this Act, the
people of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia,
Queensland, and Tasmania, and also, if Her Majesty is
satised that the people of Western Australia have agreed
thereto, of Western Australia, shall be united in a Federal
Commonwealth under the name of the Commonwealth of
Australia.
[13] Wade, Nicholas (22 September 2011). Australian Aborigine Hair Tells a Story of Human Migration. The New
York Times.
[14] European discovery and the colonisation of Australia.
Australian Government: Culture Portal. Department of
the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia. 11 January 2008. Retrieved 7
May 2010. [The British] moved north to Port Jackson on
26 January 1788, landing at Camp Cove, known as 'cadi'
to the Cadigal people. Governor Phillip carried instructions to establish the rst British Colony in Australia. The
First Fleet was under prepared for the task, and the soil
around Sydney Cove was poor.
16
13
REFERENCES
[85] Senate Summary. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 6 May 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
[65] First World War 19141918. Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 7 December 2006.
Retrieved 5 December 2006.
17
[88] Evans, Tim (2006). Compulsory Voting in Australia [105] APEC and Australia. APEC 2007. 1 June 2007. Re(PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. p. 4. Archived
trieved 23 April 2010.
(PDF) from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 21
[106] "Australia:About". Organisation for Economic CoJune 2009.
operation and Development. Archived from the original
[89] What happens if I do not vote?". Voting Australia Freon 20 April 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
quently Asked Questions. Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. [107] Australia Member information. World Trade OrgaRetrieved 8 January 2008.
nization. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010.
Retrieved 23 April 2010.
[90] Governor-Generals Role. Governor-General of the
Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original
[108] Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement. Canon 14 October 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
berra, ACT: Department of Foreign Aairs and Trade.
Archived from the original on 17 March 2010. Retrieved
[91] Glossary of Election Terms. Australian Broadcasting
30 March 2010.
Corporation. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
[92] State of the Parties. Australian Broadcasting Corpora- [109] Closer Economic Relations. Canberra, ACT: Departtion. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Rement of Foreign Aairs and Trade. Archived from the
trieved 23 April 2010.
original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
[93] Fenna, Alan; Robbins, Jane; Summers, John (2013). Gov- [110] Japan-Australia Relations. Ministry of Foreign Aairs
ernment Politics in Australia. London, United Kingdom:
of Japan. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010.
Pearson Higher Education AU. p. 139. ISBN 978-1Retrieved 19 June 2010.
4860-0138-5.
[111] Gillard condent of S Korean trade deal ABC News
[94] Gillard ousts Rudd in bloodless coup. Australian Broad(Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. Recasting Corporation. 24 June 2010. Archived from the
trieved 26 April 2011.
original on 25 June 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
[95] As it happened: Malcolm Turnbull topples Tony Abbott [112] S. Korea, Australia set free-trade talks deadline.
Nz.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
in Liberal leadership ballot. ABC. 14 September 2015.
[96] Australia: Coup capital of the democratic world. BBC. [113] Trans-Pacic Partnership Agreement. dfat.gov.au. Re14 September 2015.
trieved 2015-11-06.
[97] State and Territory Government. Government of Aus- [114] Arvanitakis, James; Tyler, Amy (3 June 2008). In Detralia. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
fence of Multilateralism. Centre for Policy Development.
Archived from the original on 17 September 2009.
[98] Role of the Administrator. Government House Northern Territory. 16 June 2008. Archived from the original
[115] Australian Government. (2005). Budget 20052006
on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
[99] Governor-Generals Role. GovernorGeneral of the [116] Center for Global Development. Commitment to Development Index: Australia, www.cgdev.org. Retrieved 5
Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original
January 2008.
on 4 August 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
[100] Administrator of Norfolk Island. Australian Govern- [117] Khosa, Raspal (2004). Australian Defence Almanac
ment Attorney-Generals Department. Archived from the
200405. Canberra: Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
original on 6 August 2008.
p. 4.
[101] Monica Tan; Australian Associated Press (12 May 2015). [118] Australian Government Department of Defence. ReNorfolk Island loses its parliament as Canberra takes
trieved 2015-11-06.
control. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
[119] Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2011).
[102] Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. ComThe 15 major spender countries in 2011.
monwealth website. Pall Mall, London: Commonwealth
Secretariat. 2009. Archived from the original on 26
[120] Home : Global Operations : Department of Defence.
March 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
www.defence.gov.au. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
[103] Capling, Ann (2013). Australia and the Global Trade System: From Havana to Seattle. Cambridge, United King- [121] Australias Size Compared. Geoscience Australia.
Archived from the original on 24 March 2007. Retrieved
dom: Cambridge University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-019 May 2007.
521-78525-9.
[104] Gallagher, P. W. (1988). Setting the agenda for trade [122] Rosenberg, Matt (20 August 2009). The New Fifth
negotiations: Australia and the Cairns group. Australian
OceanThe Worlds Newest Ocean The Southern
Journal of International Aairs 42 (1 April 1988): 38.
Ocean. About.com: Geography. Retrieved 5 April
doi:10.1080/10357718808444955.
2010.
18
13
REFERENCES
[123] Continents: What is a Continent?". National Geographic [138] Countries of the World (by lowest population density)".
Society. Retrieved 22 August 2009. Most people recWorldAtlas. Archived from the original on 24 March
ognize seven continentsAsia, Africa, North America,
2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia, from
largest to smallestalthough sometimes Europe and Asia [139] 1301.0 Year Book Australia, 2008. Australian Bureau
of Statistics. 7 February 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
are considered a single continent, Eurasia.
[124] Australia. Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved 22 Au- [140] Johnson, David (2009). The Geology of Australia (2 ed.).
Cambridge University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-521gust 2009. Smallest continent and sixth largest country
76741-5.
(in area) on Earth, lying between the Pacic and Indian
oceans.
[141] Seabrooka, Leonie; McAlpinea, Clive; Fenshamb, Rod
[125] Islands. Geoscience Australia. Archived from the orig(2006). Cattle, crops and clearing: Regional drivers of
inal on 24 April 2010. Being surrounded by ocean, Auslandscape change in the Brigalow Belt, Queensland, Australia often is referred to as an island continent. As a contralia, 18402004. Landscape and Urban Planning 78
tinental landmass it is signicantly larger than the many
(4): 375376. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.11.00.
thousands of fringing islands ...
[142] Einasleigh upland savanna. Terrestrial Ecoregions.
[126] Australia in Brief: The island continent. Department of
World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
Foreign Aairs and Trade. Archived from the original on
4 June 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009. Mainland Aus- [143] Mitchell grass downs. Terrestrial Ecoregions. World
tralia, with an area of 7.69 million square kilometres, is
Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
the Earths largest island but smallest continent.
[144] Eastern Australia mulga shrublands. Terrestrial Ecore[127] State of the Environment 2006. Department of the Engions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
vironment and Water Resources. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
[145] Southeast Australia temperate savanna. Terrestrial
[128] Oceans and Seas Geoscience Australia. Geoscience
Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June
Australia. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009.
2010.
[129] UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1980). [146] Arnhem Land tropical savanna. Terrestrial Ecoregions.
Protected Areas and World Heritage Great Barrier
World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
Reef World Heritage Area. Department of the Environment and Heritage. Archived from the original on 28 May [147] Rangelands Overview. Australian Natural Resources
2007. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
Atlas. Australian Government. 27 June 2009. Archived
from the original on 30 April 2010. Retrieved 16 June
[130] Mount Augustus. The Sydney Morning Herald. 17
2010.
February 2005. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
[131] Highest Mountains. Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 2 [148] Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna. Terrestrial
Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June
February 2012.
2010.
[132] Parks and ReservesAustralias National Landscapes.
Environment.gov.au. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 4 [149] Van Driesum, Rob (2002). Outback Australia. Lonely
Planet. p. 306. ISBN 1-86450-187-1.
January 2012.
[133] Macey, Richard (21 January 2005). Map from above [150] Victoria Plains tropical savanna. Terrestrial Ecoregions.
World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
shows Australia is a very at place. The Sydney Morning
Herald. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
[151] Western Australian Mulga shrublands. Terrestrial
Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June
[134] Kelly, Karina (13 September 1995). A Chat with Tim
2010.
Flannery on Population Control. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 23 April 2010. Well, Aus[152] Central Ranges xeric scrub. Terrestrial Ecoregions.
tralia has by far the worlds least fertile soils.
World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
[135] Grant, Cameron (August 2007). Damaged Dirt (PDF).
The Advertiser. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 [153] Banting, Erinn (2003). Australia: The land. Crabtree
Publishing Company. p. 10. ISBN 0-7787-9343-5.
July 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2010. Australia has the
oldest, most highly weathered soils on the planet.
[154] Tirari-Sturt stony desert. Terrestrial Ecoregions. World
[136] Loer, Ernst; Anneliese Loer; A. J. Rose; Denis
Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
Warner (1983). Australia: Portrait of a continent. Richmond, Victoria: Hutchinson Group (Australia). pp. 37 [155] Great Sandy-Tanami desert. Terrestrial Ecoregions.
World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
39. ISBN 0-09-130460-1.
[137] Australia Climate of Our Continent. Bureau of Me- [156] Kleinman, Rachel (6 September 2007). No more
teorology. Archived from the original on 17 March 2009.
drought: its a 'permanent dry'". The Age (Melbourne).
Retrieved 17 June 2010.
Retrieved 30 March 2010.
19
[157] Marks, Kathy (20 April 2007). Australias epic drought: [172] Conservation of biological diversity across Australia.
The situation is grim. The Independent (London). ReDepartment of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the
trieved 30 March 2010.
Arts. 19 January 2009. Archived from the original on 13
March 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
[158] Climate of Western Australia. Bureau of Meteorology.
Archived from the original on 17 March 2009. Retrieved [173] The List of Wetlands of International Importance
(PDF). Ramsar Convention. 22 May 2010. pp. 67. Re6 December 2009.
trieved 14 June 2010.
[159] Pascoe, I.G. (1991). History of systematic mycology in
Australia. History of Systematic Botany in Australasia. Ed. [174] Australia. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO.
Retrieved 5 September 2009.
by: P. Short. Australian Systematic Botany Society Inc.
pp. 259264.
[175] 2014 Environmental Performance Index. Yale University. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved
[160] About Biodiversity. Department of the Environment
11 November 2014.
and Heritage. Archived from the original on 5 February
2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
20
13
REFERENCES
[189] M, Clare. Australias extinct and threatened bird [207] World Economic Outlook (WEO) 2010 Rebalancing
species. 10,000 Birds. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
Growth. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 31
May 2012.
[190] About the EPBC Act. Australian Government Department of the Environment. Commonwealth of Australia. [208] Australia slashes immigration as recession looms. London: The Independent. 16 March 2009. Retrieved 26
Retrieved 31 August 2015.
April 2011.
[191] Government to help Kalgoorlie quake victims.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 April 2010. [209] Mclennan, David (12 April 2011). Australian economy growing as new recession fears fade. The Canberra
Archived from the original on 6 June 2010. Retrieved 2
Times. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011.
June 2010.
Retrieved 26 April 2011.
[192] Cassen, Robert (1982). Rich Country Interests and Third
World Development. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. [210] National economy grows but some non-mining states in
recession. The Conversation. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
ISBN 0-7099-1930-1.
[193] Australia, wealthiest nation in the world. 20 October [211] Syvret, Paul (7 April 2012). Mining punches through
recession. Courier Mail. Archived from the original on
2011. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
16 April 2012.
[194] Australians the worlds wealthiest. The Sydney Morning
[212] Non-mining states going backwards. ABC. Retrieved
Herald. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
22 March 2013.
[195] Credit Suisse Research Institute (9 October 2013).
Global Wealth Reaches New All-Time High. The Fi- [213] Macfarlane, I. J. (October 1998). Australian Monetary
Policy in the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century
nancialist. Credit Suisse. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
(PDF). Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin. Retrieved 7
December 2010.
[196] AAP (12 October 2013). Richest nation but poverty increasing. The Australian. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
[214] Parham, Dean (1 October 2002). Microeconomic reforms and the revival in Australias growth in productivity
[197] On the International Realignment of Exchanges and Reand living standards (PDF). Conference of Economists,
lated Trends in Self-Regulation Australian Stock ExAdelaide.
Retrieved 7 December 2010.
change (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13
December 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
[215] Tran-Nam, Binh. The Implementation Costs of the GST
in Australia: Concepts, Preliminary Estimates and Impli[198] Australia. 2010 Index of Economic Freedom. Archived
cations [2000] JlATax 23; (2000) 3(5)". Journal of Ausfrom the original on 30 March 2010. Retrieved 30 March
tralian Taxation 331 (Australasian Legal Information In2010.
stitute). Retrieved 23 April 2010.
[199] Human Development Report 2010 tables (PDF).
United Nations. 2010. Archived (PDF) from the origi- [216] Part 1: Australian Government Budget Outcome. Budget 200809 Australian Government. Retrieved 23
nal on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
April 2010.
[200] Melbourne 'worlds top city'". The Age. 6 February 2004.
Archived from the original on 30 January 2009. Retrieved [217] Australian Bureau of Statistics. 6202.0 Labour Force,
Australia, April 2012
31 January 2009.
[218]
[201] Dyett, Kathleen (19 August 2014). Melbourne named
worlds most liveable city for the fourth year running, beating Adelaide, Sydney and Perth, ABC News. Retrieved
14 April 2015.
[219]
[205] 5368.0 International Trade in Goods and Services, [223] Wine Australia. wineaustralia. Archived from the origAustralia, April 2007. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
inal on 23 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
31 May 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
[224] The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most
[206] Might Australias economic fortunes turn?".
The
who list Australian as their ancestry are part of the
Economist. 29 March 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
Anglo-Celtic group.
21
[225] Reecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, [242] Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library (7 March
20122013. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 June
2005). Australias aging workforce.
2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
[243] Parliament of Australia, Senate (2005). Inquiry into Aus[226] 3105.0.65.001Australian Historical Population Statistralian Expatriates.
tics, 2006 (XLS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 23
May 2006. Archived from the original on 8 September [244] Duncan, Macgregor; Leigh, Andrew; Madden, David and
Tynan, Peter (2004). Imagining Australia. Allen & Un2007. Retrieved 18 September 2007. Australian populawin. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-74114-382-9.
tion: (1919) 5,080,912; (2006) 20,209,993
[227] Background note: Australia. US Department of State. [245] 3218.0 Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2013Archived from the original on 20 May 2007. Retrieved 19
14. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 30 June 2014. ReMay 2007.
trieved 11 April 2015.
[228] Fact Sheet 20 Migration Program Planning Levels. [246] Moore, Bruce. The Vocabulary Of Australian English
Department of Immigration and Citizenship. 11 August
(PDF). National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 5 April
2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Re2010.
trieved 17 June 2010.
[247] The Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition. The Mac[229] "Australias population to grow to 42 million by 2050,
quarie Library Pty Ltd, 2005.
modelling shows". News.com.au. 17 April 2010
[248] A Snapshot of Early Childhood Development in Australia
[230] Australian homes are biggest in the world. Switzer Daily.
(PDF). Australian Government Department of Education,
23 August 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
Employment and Workplace Relations. December 2009.
p. 8. ISBN 978-0-9807246-0-8. Archived from the orig[231] 2011 Census reveals one in four Australians is born overinal (PDF) on 8 April 2011.
seas. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
[232] Cultural Diversity In Australia. Australian Bureau of
Statistics. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
[249] Agence France-Presse/Jiji Press, Arabic Australias second language, The Japan Times, 16 April 2011, p. 4.
[250] A mission to save indigenous languages. Australian Ge[233] The Evolution of Australias Multicultural Policy. Deographic. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
partment of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Aairs. 2005. Archived from the original on 19 [251] National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005.
Department of Communications, Information TechnolFebruary 2006. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
ogy and the Arts. Archived from the original (PDF) on
[234] Settler numbers on the rise. Minister for Immigration
9 July 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
and Citizenship. 27 December 2006. Archived from the
[252] Australian Bureau of Statistics (4 May 2010). 4713.0
original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait
[235] Targeted migration increase to ll skills gaps. DeIslander Australians, 2006. Canberra: Australian Bureau
partment of Immigration and Citizenship. 8 May 2012.
of Statistics. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
Archived from the original on 11 May 2012.
[253] Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2007). 20680[236] Fact Sheet 2 Key Facts In Immigration Department
Language Spoken at Home (full classication list) by Sex
of Immigration and Citizenship. Immi.gov.au. Retrieved
Australia. 2006 Census Tables : Australia. Canberra:
27 April 2013.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 7 December
2010.
[237] Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia revealed
[238]
[239]
[240]
[241]
22
13
REFERENCES
[259] Ian Townsend (30 January 2012). Thousands of parents [280] Smoking A Leading Cause of Death. The National Toillegally home schooling. ABC News. Retrieved 13 Ocbacco Campaign.
tober 2013.
[281] % Global prevalence of adult obesity (BMI 30 kg/m):
[260] Townsend, Ian (30 January 2015). Thousands of parents
country rankings 2012 IASO
illegally home schooling. ABC News. Retrieved 2 De[282] About Overweight and Obesity. Department of Health
cember 2015.
and Ageing. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010.
[261] Schooling Overview. Australian Government, Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Rela- [283] Overweight and obesity. Australian Institute of Health
and Welfare.
tions. Archived from the original on 28 March 2011.
[262] Education. Department of Immigration and Citizen- [284] Health care in Australia. About Australia. Department
of Foreign Aairs and Trade. 2008. Archived from the
ship. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
original on 4 April 2010.
[263] Our system of education. Australian Government: Department of Foreign Aairs and Trade. Archived from [285] Biggs, Amanda (29 October 2004). Medicare Background Brief. Parliament of Australia: Parliamentary
the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
Library. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia.
[264] The Department of Education Schools and You
Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved
Schooling. Det.wa.edu.au. Archived from the original
16 April 2010.
on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
[286] Australian Taxation Oce (19 June 2007). What is
[265] Education Act (NT) Section 20. austlii.edu.au.
the Medicare levy?". Australian Taxation Oce website.
Australian Government. Archived from the original on 10
[266] Education Act 1990 (NSW) Section 21.
June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
austlii.edu.au.
[287] About Australia: World Heritage properties. Depart[267] Minimum school leaving age jumps to 17. The Age. 28
ment of Foreign Aairs and Trade. Archived from the
January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
[268] Literacy. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 10 October [288] Jupp, pp. 796802.
2013.
[289] Teo and White, pp. 11820.
[269] A literacy decit. abc.net.au. 22 September 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
[290] Davison, Hirst and Macintyre, pp. 9899.
[270] Australian Education | Australian Education System | Ed- [291] Teo and White, pp. 12527.
ucation | Study in Australia. Ausitaleem.com.pk. Re[292] Teo and White, pp. 12123.
trieved 31 December 2011.
[271] Education at a Glance 2006. Organisation for Economic [293] Jupp, pp. 80812, 7477.
Co-operation and Development
[294] Taon, Paul S. C. (2001). Australia. In Whitely, David
S.. Handbook of Rock Art Research. Rowman & Little[272] About Australian Apprenticeships. Australian Governeld. pp. 531575. ISBN 978-0-7425-0256-7
ment. Archived from the original on 11 November 2009.
Retrieved 23 April 2010.
[275] Grossman, Samantha (27 September 2012). And the [297] Australian art, Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
Worlds Most Educated Country Is .... Time. Retrieved
14 November 2015.
[298] Brett Whiteley: Nature, Art Gallery of New South Wales.
Retrieved 15 April 2015.
[276] How Australia compares Australian Institute of Health
and Welfare
23
[301] Sidney Nolans Rainbow Serpent is larger than life (16 [320] Shine. National Film and Sound Archive. Retrieved 23
June 2012), The Australasian.
April 2010.
[302] Sarwal, Amit; Sarwal, Reema (2009). Reading Down Un- [321] Rabbit-Proof Fence. National Film and Sound Archive.
der: Australian Literary Studies Reader. SSS Publications.
Retrieved 23 April 2010.
p. xii. ISBN 978-81-902282-1-3.
[322] Australians in Hollywood, National Portrait Gallery. Re[303] O'Keee, Dennis (2012). Waltzing Matilda: The Secret
trieved 15 April 2015.
History of Australias Favourite Song. Allen & Unwin. p.
[323] Country prole: Australia. BBC News. 13 October
back cover. ISBN 978-1-74237-706-3.
2009. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
[304] Miles Franklin Literary Award, australia.gov.au. Re[324] Reporters Without Borders (2010). Press Freedom Intrieved 18 April 2015.
dex 2010. Reporters Without Borders. Archived from
[305] Australias Nobel Laureates and the Nobel Prize, austhe original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 22 Novemtralia.gov.au. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
ber 2010.
[306] Hughes-D'Aeth, Tony (15 October 2014). Australias [325] Barr, Trevor. "Media Ownership in Australia", australianBooker prize record suggests others will come in Flanapolitics.com. Retrieved 2 January 2008.
gans wake, The Conversation. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
[326] Gardiner-Garden, John and Chowns, Jonathan (30 May
[307] Davison, Hirst and Macintyre, p. 394.
2006). Media Ownership Regulation in Australia.
Parliament of Australia. Archived from the original on
[308] Tranter, John (1977) A warrior poet living still at Anzac
28 March 2010.
Cove: Review of The Vernacular Republic: Selected Poems". Johntranter.com. 29 January 1977. Retrieved 14 [327] Bush Tucker Plants, or Bush Food. Teachers.ash.org.au.
June 2010.
Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 26
April 2011.
[309] Arts funding guide 2010 (PDF). Australia Council.
2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2010. [328] Bush Tucker. Theepicentre.com. Archived from the
Retrieved 14 June 2010.
original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
[310] Evaluation of the Orchestras Review 2005 funding pack- [329] Australian food and drink. Department of the Environage implementation (PDF). Australia Council. Retrieved
ment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 23 September 2008.
23 April 2010.
Archived from the original on 26 March 2010.
[311] Opera Australia. Australia Council. Retrieved 23 April [330] Modern Australian recipes and Modern Australian cui2010.
sine. Special Broadcasting Service. Archived from the
original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
[312] Opera in Australia. Department of the Environment,
Water, Heritage and the Arts. 5 March 2007. Archived [331] Jonsen, Helen (1999). Kangaroos Comments and Walfrom the original on 6 April 2011.
labys Words: The Aussie Word Book. Hippocrene Books.
p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7818-0737-1.
[313] Maloney, Shane (December 2005 January 2006).
Nellie Melba & Enrico Caruso. The Monthly. Retrieved [332] Santich, Barbara (2012). Bold Palates: Australias Gas23 April 2010.
tronomic Heritage. Wakeeld Press. p. 290. ISBN 9781-74305-094-1.
[314] Brandis, George (8 May 2007). 35 per cent increase in
funding for Australias major performing arts companies. [333] National Sports Museum Heritage Listing, National
Department of Communications, Information Technology
Sports Museum. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
and the Arts. Archived from the original on 12 November
[334] Pereira da Costa, Lamartine (2013). Worldwide Experi2007. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
ences and Trends in Sport for All. Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
[315] Chichester, Jo (2007). Return of the Kelly Gang.
p. 68. ISBN 978-1-84126-085-3.
UNESCO Courier. UNESCO. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
[335] The Beach. Australian Government: Culture Portal.
[316] The rst wave of Australian feature lm production
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
(PDF). Docs.google.com. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia. 17 March 2008.
Archived from the original on 26 February 2010.
[317] Culture.gov.au Film in Australia"". Australian Government: Culture Portal. Department of the Environment, [336] Pike, Jerey (2004). Australia. Langenscheidt Publishing
Group. p. 103. ISBN 978-981-234-799-2.
Water, Heritage and the Arts, Commonwealth of Australia. 22 November 2007. Archived from the original
[337] Booth, Douglas (2012). Australian Beach Cultures: The
on 27 March 2011.
History of Sun, Sand and Surf. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN
[318] Davison, Hirst and Macintyre, pp. 25253.
978-0-7146-8178-8.
[319] Sowada, Richard (6 February 2013). Mad Max. Inter- [338] Campbell, Peter. Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race.
view with Patricia Karvelas. Historyonics. RN Drive.
cyca.com.au. Cruising Yacht Club of Australia. Retrieved
Retrieved 31 January 2015.
6 June 2015.
24
16
[339] Oxlade, Chris; Ballheimer, David. Olympics. DK Eyewitness. DK. p. 61. ISBN 0-7566-1083-4.
EXTERNAL LINKS
16 External links
[341] Flag Bearers. Australian Commonwealth Games Association. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
Geographic data
OpenStreetMap
14
Bibliography
15
Further reading
Denoon, Donald, et al. (2000). A History of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacic. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-17962-3
Goad, Philip and Julie Willis (eds) (2011). The
Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture Cambridge
University Press, Port Melbourne, Victoria. ISBN
978-0-521-88857-8
Hughes, Robert (1986). The Fatal Shore: The
Epic of Australias Founding. Knopf. ISBN 0-39450668-5.
Powell JM (1988). An Historical Geography of
Modern Australia: The Restive Fringe. Cambridge,
UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52125619-4
Robinson GM, Loughran RJ, and Tranter PJ (2000)
Australia and New Zealand: economy, society
and environment. London: Arnold; NY: OUP;
0340720336 paper 0-340720328 hard.
related
to
Australia
at
25
17
17.1
Australia Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia?oldid=698464122 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Chuck Smith, Lee Daniel Crocker,
Brion VIBBER, Mav, Bryan Derksen, Robert Merkel, Koyaanis Qatsi, Jeronimo, -- April, Mark Ryan, Ed Poor, Andre Engels, LA2, Scipius, Danny, Gsl, Fredbauder, Aldie, Enchanter, Karen Johnson, SimonP, Anthere, Drbug, Zoe, Camembert, Mintguy, Arno, Bobbillbobo,
Tobin Richard, Chuq, Octothorn, Leandrod, Edward, Patrick, RTC, Infrogmation, Conrad.au, Michael Hardy, Tim Starling, Erik Zachte,
Soegoe, Bewildebeast, Lexor, Jtdirl, Jahsonic, Karl, MartinHarper, Menchi, Tannin, Ixfd64, Cyde, Paul Benjamin Austin, Shoaler, Delirium, Jeremyrixon, JeremyR, Paul A, Minesweeper, Gaz~enwiki, Ahoerstemeier, Stan Shebs, Pjamescowie, Mac, Docu, Daeron, Theresa
knott, Ahkitj, Angela, Den fjttrade ankan~enwiki, Abaddon~enwiki, Jdforrester, Andrewa, , Ugen64, Poor Yorick, Vzbs34,
Netsnipe, Susurrus, Jiang, Evercat, Brigman, Rob Hooft, Mxn, Scanos, GRAHAMUK, Schneelocke, Hike395, Jengod, Ec5618, Popsracer,
Vanished user 5zariu3jisj0j4irj, ManicGypsy, RickK, Ike9898, Dysprosia, Fuzheado, Andrewman327, WhisperToMe, DJ Clayworth,
Haukurth, Tpbradbury, Astrotrain, Maximus Rex, Tschild, Hellboy1975, Grendelkhan, Karukera, Wernher, Lord Emsworth, Vaceituno,
Kewpid, Fvw, Stormie, Patrick Jennings, Raul654, Terd, Aaronhill, Camerong, Adam Carr, Finlay McWalter, Frazzydee, Michael Glass,
Owen, Jni, Bearcat, Robbot, Rossnixon, Vardion, Chrism, Fredrik, Chris 73, Kristof vt, Aliter, RedWolf, Bon, Moncrief, Moondyne,
Goethean, Yelyos, Nurg, Romanm, Naddy, Postdlf, Merovingian, Kesuari, Egon, Henrygb, Academic Challenger, Clarkk, Hemanshu, Texture, ThaGrind, Rhombus, MaXim, Timrollpickering, Farside268, Bkell, Hadal, Wikibot, JackofOz, Wilful, Mushroom, WilRic, Phanly,
Lupo, TPK, Pengo, SpellBott, Davidcannon, Alan Liefting, Enochlau, Vaoverland, Albatross2147, Centrx, JamesMLane, DocWatson42,
Fennec, Jyril, ShaneKing, Nichalp, Netoholic, Tom harrison, Lupin, Freebooter~enwiki, Wilfried Derksen, Zigger, Rj, Tom Radulovich,
Peruvianllama, Everyking, Dratman, Curps, Jonathan O'Donnell, Mark T, Henry Flower, JamesHoadley, Cantus, Leonard G., LarryGilbert, Duncharris, DO'Neil, Guanaco, Ceejayoz, Iota, Daveb, Mboverload, Proslaes, Raekwon, Marcusvox, Luigi30, Gzornenplatz,
Chris24, Darrien, Avala, Chameleon, SWAdair, Bobblewik, Delta G, Ragib, Golbez, Jmcnamera, Peter Ellis, Wmahan, Stevietheman,
Rsloch, Architeuthis, Gadum, Manuel Anastcio, Pgan002, CryptoDerk, Formeruser-81, Quadell, Ran, Antandrus, The Singing Badger,
Onco p53, Robert Brockway, Piotrus, Eregli bob, PDH, Jossi, Dunks58, Brooker, Josquius, Rdsmith4, JimWae, DragonySixtyseven,
Secfan, The teach, Sky, Al-Andalus, Latitude0116, EBB, Baronjonas, SimonLyall, Icairns, Zfr, Jezford, Joyous!, Dcandeto, JohnArmagh,
Syvanen, Gtru e, Grm wnr, Walabio, DMG413, M1ss1ontomars2k4, Zondor, Adashiel, Trevor MacInnis, Squash, Randwicked, Grunt,
Canterbury Tail, Jakro64, Lacrimosus, Esperant, Bluemask, Grstain, Guppynsoup, Theone3, Mike Rosoft, Shiftchange, Alkivar, Ta bu
shi da yu, Mormegil, Jayjg, PZFUN, Freakofnurture, EugeneZelenko, Random contributor, Bornintheguz, Moverton, Discospinster, ElTyrant, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Stuart hc, Brutannica, KittySaturn, ThomasK, Oska, AxSkov, Wikiacc, Silence, MeltBanana, David
Schaich, Mikekalis, Xezbeth, Quiensabe, Alistair1978, Dbachmann, Paul August, MarkS, SpookyMulder, Mollyemo, WegianWarrior,
Bender235, ESkog, Sc147, Ntennis, FrankCostanza, Swid, Kelvinc, Crtrue, Loren36, Violetriga, BjarteSorensen, Konstantin~enwiki, Deus
Ex Machina, CanisRufus, E Pluribus Anthony redux, Zscout370, Karmast, Li@m, El C, Lankiveil, Bletch, Kwamikagami, QuartierLatin1968, Aude, Shanes, Sietse Snel, Art LaPella, RoyBoy, Nickj, Femto, Thunderbrand, Jpgordon, Guettarda, Causa sui, Thuresson,
Bobo192, Mikeh, Thortful, NetBot, Longhair, Fir0002, Hurricane111, Ruszewski, Rhysn, Func, Flxmghvgvk, BrokenSegue, Lambton,
ZayZayEM, Garlics82, Foobaz, Savvo, Jguk 2, Alberuni, Diceman, Jerryseinfeld, La goutte de pluie, Xtra, Slambo, NickSchweitzer, PeterisP, Ajdlinux, Minghong, Hesperian, Sam Korn, (aeropagitica), Pharos, Pearle, Martyman, Gsklee, Jonathunder, Jjron, Stephen Bain,
Mareino, Ommnomnomgulp, Shirimasen, Stephen G. Brown, Dillonstars, Alansohn, JYolkowski, Evaa, Marnen, SnowFire, Walter Grlitz, Buaidh, Hydriotaphia, Somebody in the WWW, TimMorris, Mr Adequate, WTGDMan1986, John Quiggin, Wrinkles, Ronline,
Cjthellama, Riana, Primalchaos, Jnothman, MarkGallagher, Splat, Agnte, Water Bottle, Lightdarkness, DLJessup, Pippu d'Angelo, InShaneee, Milesli, Cdc, CJ, Denniss, Malo, Avenue, Alinor, Uther Dhoul, Ravenhull, Marianocecowski, Kefto1, Wtmitchell, Erik, Saga
City, Fourthords, Mattsday, Evil Monkey, Ilse@, RubenSchade, RainbowOfLight, Sickre, Silim, Kaiser matias, Ephestion, Skyring, Henry
W. Schmitt, Computerjoe, Jguk, Petermccallum, Ianblair23, BDD, SteinbDJ, Gene Nygaard, Alai, Drbreznjev, HGB, Nightstallion, Embryomystic, Bookandcoee, Red dwarf, Smokeala, Bastin, Stephen, Daveydweeb, Novacatz, Weyes, Ian Moody, Sterio, Angr, Joriki, Kelly
Martin, OwenX, Woohookitty, Henrik, ScottDavis, SusanLarson, Politas, Rocastelo, 25or6to4, StradivariusTV, Piernodoyuna, Qaddosh,
Alakhriveion, Pol098, Commander Keane, Ratzer, Manwe, WadeSimMiser, MONGO, Lawe, Tabletop, Lapsed Pacist, MartinVillafuerte85, Dmol, Grace Note, Hbdragon88, Bhound89, Bbatsell, Terence, Huhsunqu, Steinbach, Greg-nz, SCEhardt, John Hill, BlaiseFEgan, Andromeda321, Mb1000, Zzyzx11, Noetica, Jonnabuz, Wayward,
, Jon Harald Sby, Toussaint, M040601, CedrusLibani, Formeruser0910, Karam.Anthony.K, Zpb52, PeregrineAY, Geo Wing, MJK, Thirty-seven, MassGalactusUniversum, Matilda,
Ashmoo, Graham87, Marskell, Magister Mathematicae, Taestell, Deadcorpse, Wachholder0, Chun-hian, Stevenplunkett, FreplySpang,
RxS, Grammarbot, Icey, Miss Pippa, Electionworld, Imperialles, Canderson7, Sjakkalle, Rjwilmsi, Mayumashu, Ansend, Koavf, Ian Page,
Gryndor, Vary, Bob A, MarSch, Bill37212, Franck Martin, Hairymon, PinchasC, Political pluralist007, JHMM13, Tangotango, Sdornan, Bruce1ee, TheRingess, Feydey, Tawker, SpNeo, SMC, Vegaswikian, Funnyhat, Ligulem, Brighterorange, Afterwriting, The wub,
Bdegfcunbbfv, MarnetteD, E-Man, Thesatelliteguy, FlavrSavr, Elvum, JohnnoShadbolt, Ucucha, Sango123, Cassowary, Yamamoto Ichiro,
Titoxd, JeStickney, FlaBot, Fazdeconta, Ian Pitchford, RobertG, RJP, CalJW, Musical Linguist, Doc glasgow, Winhunter, Nihiltres,
Alhutch, Menasmenas, Nivix, Hottentot, Themanwithoutapast, Paul foord, Shadow007, Pathoschild, RexNL, Gurch, Tequendamia, ApprenticeFan, Arctic.gnome, Fosnez, KFP, Algri, Drumguy8800, Darklaundry, Codex Sinaiticus, Super Sam, BrianFG, Thefourdotelipsis,
Alphachimp, Malhonen, McDogm, Johnnyb82, Supersaiyanplough, Emiao, Mr Bartels, Russavia, Gareth E. Kegg, Erp, Bjrice, Idaltu,
Toi, Nomadtales, Chobot, Semisomna, DaGizza, AFA, MisterSpooky, Jared Preston, Mhking, JesseGarrett, Gdrbot, Korg, 334a, Bgwhite,
Aamirc, Cactus.man, Hall Monitor, Digitalme, Surge79uwf, Therefore, Gwernol, E Pluribus Anthony, Check two you, Hariraja, Flcelloguy,
Gary Joseph, Pokemon, Nikuma, Elfguy, Toryboy, Roboto de Ajvol, JPD, The Rambling Man, TexasAndroid, DownUnder555, Sceptre,
Wester, Principalityofgalore, Hairy Dude, Jachin, Huw Powell, Jimp, Ryz05, JarrahTree, RussBot, Rubberbandman747, Manicsleeper,
Amckern, Kyle Andrew Brown, Petesmiles, John Quincy Adding Machine, Musicpvm, Postglock, Dili, Ivirivi00, Anubis1975, Splash,
Pigman, Epolk, OldRight, Garrysaint, Fabricationary, Ansell, Van der Hoorn, Stephenb, Aronlevin, Rintrah, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Alex Bakharev, Midster, Wimt, Jetro, Waynebillman, RadioKirk, TopAce~enwiki, Purodha, EngineerScotty, Rgherbert,
Matthew Samuel Spurrell, Shanel, NawlinWiki, Daniel563, Edinborgarstefan, Hawkeye7, BLADELIGAR, SEWilcoBot, Wiki alf, Jad.bh,
Aeusoes1, NickBush24, Jaxl, Welsh, DSYoungEsq, Rjensen, Maverick Leonhart, Wae, Lexicon, Cleared as led, Mshecket, Johndarrington, Aaron Brenneman, THB, Xdenizen, HowardDean, PhilipO, SoxFan, Raven4x4x, Saberwyn, Misza13, Tony1, Zwobot, Aaron Schulz,
Private Guy, Dockcharlotte, BOT-Superzerocool, Figaro, Mysid, Gadget850, Morgan Leigh, Eric A. Warbuton, TimK MSI, Woling,
1717, Jpeob, Hillrhpc, SmellyC, Brisvegas, Martinwilke1980, Ilmaisin, Nlu, User27091, Dv82matt, David Underdown, AndrewBartlett,
Nick123, Mxcatania, Searchme, Vox latina, Jkelly, Radicalsubversiv2, FF2010, Jcrook1987, TroyReid, Johndburger, Deville, Theodolite, Zzuuzz, Bongomanrae, Ali K, Gregzeng, BenBildstein, Trisreed, Barryob, Nikkimaria, Theda, Jwissick, Fang Aili, Chanheigeorge,
Th1rt3en, Jigjog, Stasonchik, Banana04131, Canley, Redgrittybrick, GraemeL, JoanneB, Silverhelm, Beneaththelandslide, Alias Flood,
26
17
Tarkovsky~enwiki, Alm93, CooperHawkes, TonyTheTerrier, POds, Hayden120, Emc2, El T, GinaDana, Spliy, Getoar, AKAF, Freddofrog, Stuhacking, Kungfuadam, Sliat 1981, Erudy, Ramanpotential, Persept, Auroranorth, Roke, Nick-D, Sam Weber, Babij, DVD
R W, Soir, CIreland, The Yeti, Luk, Jeklib, Harman18, Sardanaphalus, Phinnaeus, Amalthea, Crystallina, Sarah, Remiel, Ozzmosis,
SmackBot, Looper5920, Jaseparlo, YellowMonkey, Erkelor, PiCo, Unschool, Volcanictelephone, Historian932, Ex0pos, Saravask, Moeron, David Kernow, Spongenut, Impaciente, Reedy, KnowledgeOfSelf, Royalguard11, Olorin28, Melbob, Gnangarra, Pgk, Procient,
Saimdusan, JonathanWerrett, Rrius, Shervink, Blue520, Davewild, Thunderboltz, Bwithh, EncycloPetey, Renesis, Ribbet32, Sonofralph,
Rojomoke, Cla68, Rhetoricalwater, Carl Unger, Spring1, Frymaster, KrJDub05, Opinoso, Vilerage, Wakuran, Fnfd, Kintetsubualo,
Timotheus Canens, Craigoliver, Two stripe, VSquared, Xaosux, Moralis, Aksi great, Mifren, PeterSymonds, Macintosh User, Gilliam,
Brianski, Pcrooker, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Oscarthecat, Ppntori, Carl.bunderson, Jackk, Cs-wolves, ERcheck, Rmosler2100, Valley2,
VDK, Sammie 212, Tolivero, Wigren, JRSP, Scaife, Chris the speller, Master Jay, Bluebot, Bidgee, Keegan, Biatch, Gaiacarra, SynergyBlades, Rogerthat, Romen, Persian Poet Gal, Zaunmtj, Rmt2m, Kitzke, Veczar, ViolinGirl, MalafayaBot, Bethling, Alligators1974, Greatgavini, Melburnian, Muza47, Stevage, Markinlinyi, Deli nk, Akanemoto, Bazonka, Kevin Ryde, Hossen27, Dlohcierekims sock, Iassureu,
Ikiroid, Kungming2, Colonies Chris, AustralianTraveller, Ryanorulz, Konstable, Wisden17, Yanksox, VirtualSteve, Sunholm, NSWelshman, GoodDay, Hgrosser, Factoid Killer, Marco79, Peter Campbell, Zsinj, Kotra, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Penrithguy, Shalom
Yechiel, Lancaster uk, HoodedMan, AussieLegend, Chronicthehemphog, Snowmanradio, The Drizzlemeister, OOODDD, MJCdetroit,
Lunchtime, Intelligent Mr Toad, Folksong, Matthew, Australia boy, ReeseM, Muzi, Andy120290, Whpq, Chcknwnm, Homie00g, ThreeAnswers, Todd unt, Maurice45, Spectacgurl215, Rarelibra, Khoikhoi, Steven X, Dharmabum420, Leppie, YankeeDoodle14, Show0591,
Cybercobra, DChiuch, Digresser, Decltype, Eno1, Nakon, Evski, Savidan, Valenciano, Raichu, RJN, John D. Croft, Tobias, Nick125,
Orbitalwow, Acmeacme, SnappingTurtle, Enigma1989, Dreadstar, Dacoutts, Annjones, RandomP, ShaunES, Jklin, DMacks, Littleblackpistol, Maelnuneb, Latebird, Kalathalan, Where, Kahuroa, Rodrigogomespaixao, Epf, Mostlyharmless, Pilotguy, Leon..., Kukini, Rockpocket, Ricky@36, Drmaik, Ged UK, Ceoil, 2000, Bige1977, WikiWitch, Nishkid64, Xdamr, Shrimp on the Barby, MrKangaroo, Not
a knife, Crocodile Hunter, Steve Irwin~enwiki, Robomaeyhem, Frade, Maganism, Swatjester, Harryboyles, Anlace, DLinth, Mansonfan,
CvvM4, ShootingStar88, D.Robinson, Heavymetalwikipedian, HedgeFundGuy, Bigmac extra lettuce, Sophia, Molerat, Kuru, John, Nick
carson, AmiDaniel, Holburn, Zaphraud, Markpeters, Scientizzle, Nateirma, J 1982, Heimstern, Loodog, Mark144, Gobonobo, The Bushman, Wind Rider, Plaster Pony, Nailartsua, 50centfan, Ksn, JohnI, Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, Breno, Boxtel, Minna Sora no Shita,
Green Giant, Arguss, NathanLee, A2raya07, Theworld2, Jaywubba1887, Aleenf1, Newbarr, IronGargoyle, SMasters, Bilby, PseudoSudo,
Ckatz, Speedboy Salesman, Reid1867, Cwhast, JHunterJ, Randomtime, Andypandy.UK, Slakr, Special-T, Eternal Equinox, Tasc, Apcbg,
Bluubyke, Scratchdawg, Mr Stephen, Vaniba12, AxG, Girmitya, Adam Rusling, JimStyle61093475, Mets501, TastyPoutine, Geologyguy,
Dhp1080, AdultSwim, Northmeister, Aotearoa, Xxnick 2k5xx, Intranetusa, Ryulong, Lord Football, Moretz, Parcheese, Jose77, Avant
Guard, Digsdirt, SmokeyJoe, Vagary, Tim374, Dl2000, Dcashm, Amitch, Asyndeton, The-Pope, Istanbuljohnm, Ginkgo100, Scotwood72,
Nehrams2020, Seqsea, Sunoco, V6g3h7, Dakart, Akbradford, Penno, Lakers, Qazqazqaz~enwiki, Dorro, Joseph Solis in Australia, Yagnikhiren, Myrtone86, A Person 300, Blueheels, King kong92, J Di, Executive.koala, Amakuru, SweetNeo85, CapitalR, Jackp, Hector
McPherson, Guest0495, Blehfu, Civil Engineer III, Goran.S2, Az1568, Ziusudra, Anger22, Nkayesmith, Chovain, MrBoo, Radiant chains,
Thricecube, Tawkerbot2, Cryptic C62, Galati, Fvasconcellos, Xcentaur, JForget, Chappo, Cuneas, DangerousPanda, Phillip J, The stu
is good, Ale jrb, Jimmy cannon, ZICO, Wafulz, Seb162005, Crownjewel82, Scohoust, CBM, Yummylunch, Grimgor79, ThePrankster,
Orderinchaos, Wommy34, Virgule82, Basawala, GHe, Nickm57, Theblackplague, MrZap, THF, TommYGunneR, Skyymangar, Comic
master, Paul limbers, Alandavidson, MarsRover, Shizane, Casper2k3, Zurkhardo, LCpl, Krabby me, IrishJew, Auriong, Oden, Jgrischow1,
Pewwer42, CapDac, IEEE, Kribbeh, HalJor, Cydebot, LawrieM, Timeshift9, Danrok, Mblumber, Future Perfect at Sunrise, KPbIC, Nebular110, Drkmtrxx, Slp1, Grahamec, Tbreni, Penshurstpride, ZippyKid, Gogo Dodo, Jkokavec, Travelbird, Bridgecross, Anthonyhcole,
R-41, Plerdsus, Umdunno, ST47, Tomwithanh, J IS ME CONQUERS ALL, J IS ME FEELS NEGLECTED, Randomn DOGS RUN
FREE, Agne27, Pascal.Tesson, Manutd 12345, Zsean, Who but you is popo, Synergy, Amandajm, Acs4b, Q43, Tawkerbot4, Codetiger,
Chrislk02, Bencollins, Enabnit, Brotown3, Donaldtong, Mr nice guy, Lee, Kozuch, Renassault, Blindman shady, Tarkan1st, Daven200520,
Brad101, Omicronpersei8, Diesel rhcp, Gazzster, Robertsteadman, Lo2u, Corlen, Greystanes, Casliber, Michael Johnson, EvocativeIntrigue, Dungbringer, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Daa89563, Micomator, Chu333222, Ph.D.Nikki, Islescape, SchutteGod, TimmyTimson, Knakts,
Poomiester, GF89, Swm0793, Kellyowers, Athomas7990, Hector witt, Hector witt 2, Janechra, Osborne, Felix Portier~enwiki, Clowning, Daniel, BenMerill, 23prootie, Jed, Headshot01, PIO, Rcandelori, Marek69, Mazaru, John254, Tjpob, SGGH, SomeStranger, Dbromage, Brodiepearce, Master Spiky, Merbabu, Jameogle, X201, Solidenterprises, Lhurst, Alphonse idiom, Mcgrath50, Ptndan, Vlachul,
Boxyisaturtle, Murraybuckley~enwiki, CharlotteWebb, Therequiembellishere, Paulbowen, DeusMP, Wikidenizen, Lwllwl2003, Mumby,
Natalie Erin, Pinktangerine, CTZMSC3, E!, The twilighted, Northumbrian, Escarbot, Sad mouse, Slipknot66, Bluegrayz, Primefalcon, Dantheman531, Hudson 01, Chrisboy47, WikiSlasher, AntiVandalBot, Yupik, RobotG, Azzarr, Mike nofx, Stonemaccas, Format,
Luna Santin, Rcallen7, Mvjs, Ansett, Mrmoocow, Sbason, Opelio, Suholm, Bigtimepeace, Ruchi tspl, Doc Tropics, Autocracy, Aktiv8, Kbthompson, Casper Claiborne, Nadermann, Jas315, Bestsemesterinfo, Eggeggeggegg, Jj137, Tmopkisn, Gaj2329, Rossj81, Cymruman, MECU, Emac72, Killerman2, QRS, Morris Stevenson, Lklundin, Canadian-Bacon, Kariteh, JAnDbot, Mazito, Dan D. Ric, The
pen is mightier, Stikk, Deective, Husond, Jimothytrotter, Jezza125, Mdfst13, Adam Ski, Felipe Menegaz, MER-C, Dsp13, The Transhumanist, Luis wiki, Avaya1, Zenity, Luby, Redking7, Hello32020, Db099221, Andonic, Resher, Hfhdh, MK013, PhilKnight, Maias, Bencherlite, Bunny-chan, Thatcher88, Natski-asnd8, P4R4D0x, Sheepman~enwiki, Matthew850, Magioladitis, Gekedo, Lord fabs,
Henning Blatt, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, 10931, Movie-lover93, Eddieguerrero, CullynOfCerrmor, Amnesiac86, Dekimasu, Ramisatwa,
Chakat Rimm, Minicoach1340, Kuyabribri, JNW, HorseloverFat, JamesBWatson, Mclay1, Bradcis, Think outside the box, 42 South,
Jockosaurus, Mr BIack, ZwickauDeluxe, Jam1es100, Tsibuki, Trentono, Eddy150, PanamaDrummer911, Nyttend, Elephantboy, -00--,
WODUP, Fosscape, Maddylauren, Brevevsky Sovietov2006, Peterenko, SparrowsWing, Avicennasis, Midgrid, Amorette, Bubba hotep,
BrianGV, Sockofpnatt, Culverin, Teterenkos, Titerenkos, Baseballboring, Baseballisveryboring, Stupidreverts, Stopthecrap, Destroyer000,
Dewaargh, Ujalm, David Hylton, Animum, Utezduyar~enwiki, Sourside21, Suisse2007, ArchStanton69, User86654, JJ Harrison, Harrison09, Nyckjoca, Hamiltonstone, - 44, - 42, Jamie999, Thehalfone, Macquarie, Yuhanna kokoc, Matt Adore, Bharathiya, Clementatlee, - 40, Just James, Megalopsychia, Glen, Mitchell man, Simon Peter Hughes, Sprons, Dawooper, Brentx, Andrew Chapman 1975,
Padawan3000, JdeJ, ChazBeckett, Dylbat, Dkriegls, Viyu5, Baristarim, Pax:Vobiscum, TheRanger, Isjongood, Welshleprechaun, Massacrenz, Pinktexta, Richie smartone, Balltsuki, MasterRadius, DancingPenguin, Wikihunter191, Adriaan, Nationalgeo, Misarxist, Extreme
boy, Death 136 7, Stained eyc, SpecialWindler, Hdt83, MartinBot, Bodelafela, SolitaryWolf, STBot, Wpmo, Vreemdst, 52 Pickup, Mermaid from the Baltic Sea, Dythy, Me4321, P1e, 42croad, Petopali, ARC Gritt, WikiTownsvillian, G-nius, Motley Crue Rocks, Corrosion20, Rettetast, NSKrishnan, Holwil, WTPP, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, AlexiusHoratius, Ombudswiki, Crazyparadigm, Antoneraga,
Onixz100, Clarence Yung, Abridgetoofar, Ruud64, Paulmcdonald, Moogin, Chaz1dave, Rikklez, Lilac Soul, Mw12310, Anko44, Artaxiad, Ssolbergj, Manticore, Deathby, J.delanoy, Asandwell, DrKay, Lailacm, Qwanqwa, Chris1138, TyrS, SxcJessxxoo, Kolo974, Ciavarella,
Arikaerrington, Maniac redV, Staniel Kohlhardt, The hub, Suiiie, Kellyla, Palmfrond86, G. Campbell, Tdadamemd, Yeti Hunter, Andrew wilson, Death 136 3, Fat kid 3, Ggunit 911, Icseaturtles, MrsPlum, Bruins18, Littleghostboo, Revoranii, UnnamedGent, Natski23,
17.1
Text
27
Funguy06, FrummerThanThou, Andrew Rickert, Skullketon, Wangtastic, Darkchris, Peels 03, Winewine, DarkFalls, LordAnubisBOT,
Pokemonman, Happy8, Sexykeira, The1nonlybenji, Thomas Larsen, Athene cunicularia, Starnestommy, Im eslo, Ryan Postlethwaite,
Jtorey, Snitchymitchy, Jigesh, Daytona3, Axolotl lover, TheOriginalSesquipedalian, Ouroboros0427, Pip pop, Stephen Parnell, RaptorRobot, Robertson-Glasgow, HiLo48, Evilcarly, Peter I. Vardy, Hut 6.5, Jackstraw2009, Sutty100, Eazymofuzer, Tristan 753, Cunnane,
SJP, MKoltnow, Karl2025, Flatterworld, Ziing, Jaw123, Largoplazo, Vkm xy, Angular, Biofoundationsoanguage, Boydisperse, Althepal,
Juliancolton, Aaron92chen, RB972, Limetolime, HenryLarsen, Jjhcap99, Aussieaussie, HyDeckar, Shunt110, Potaaatos, Jevansen, Cleverdan204, Treisijs, LewstherinII, Southsydney, Pat Gibson, GingerDemarque, Madmofo69, MartinBotIII, Exhiles, Ganodan, Andy Marchbanks, Inwind, Riverplaterules, JFT96, Ben R. Thomas, Wikipeterproject, WLRoss, Chonners, Xiahou, Idioma-bot, Funandtrvl, Spellcast, WWGB, Gobblemelonheadnumber1, Eggchaser, Sooner Dave, Aucitypops, Lights, X!, G2bambino, PeaceNT, Greengirae~enwiki,
Alfeewusy, VolkovBot, Kirsdarke, Dirtyruns, Hersfold, Uyvsdi, Josh787, Vlma111, Rickpettyband, Censusdata, Butwhatdoiknow, Wcrosbie, Pqpqpq, Soundbloke, Drmargi, Eedo Bee, Rkt2312, Eac123, Greatwalk, TXiKiBoT, Zamphuor, Mrbigsh, Tvw, GDonato, Dchall1,
Ann Stouter, Muzzamo, Z.E.R.O., Anonymous Dissident, ElinorD, NJOrlando, JUBALCAIN, Simonmetcalf, Someguy1221, Lradrama,
Mattytay, Sagan The Great, Amaher, Sandhillcrane, Seb26, JhsBot, Oren neu dag, Persianne, Damien Russell, Supertask, LeaveSleaves,
HuskyHuskie, Bowbend1167, Rhodeisland, Bentley4, Hihimehappy, Daniel lok, Bloddyfriday, Aussieboy373, Gibson Flying V, Jukanaka,
Audioslave71, Tenma06, Bonus bon, Peeperman, Master raider01, Tsunamishadow, Bdougie, Uannis~enwiki, Tidying Up, Allanhsu, Ballsmagee, Ccmmyy25, Ashnard, Simzorz, Enigmaman, Usergreatpower, Yes four, Lemo11, Vaubin, E.I. Addio, Gillyweed, RayNorris, Lachlan tut95, Synthebot, Benw01, Triippe, Tardie23, Meson81, CephasE, Andrewbull, Nixiang915, Ttlymate, Penguinnomercy, Nfsnobody,
Kroniic, MitchKliev, Commiessuck, Novadeath69, Cindamuse, Finance agimo, Mattelsen, AlleborgoBot, Nix35, Local yokel, Michael
Frind, Wisamzaqoot, Jordanray123454321, Puremule, Ojoe2000, Gudnirunar, Sauronjim, Signsolid, HybridBoy, MikeZombie777, SWCS,
Demmy, Pdfpdf, Mastronarde, Dale4sail, Armada579, Cha-ching-3939, Botev, WunNation, GoonerDP, SieBot, Arun11, StAnselm, Syriana blood, Forehead2nvy, Nling, Whitehatnetizen, Ethel Aardvark, Calliopejen1, JamesA, Angel2001, Euryalus, Psbsub, Sparrowman980,
Carlson969, BotMultichill, Charlesbuckley, Completely Insane, Mossmen1531, YourEyesOnly, Surlytim, Universe=atom, BlackSlivers,
Spamburgler, Chipsgrill, Adelina and Hannah, Zilla3, Roidhrigh, Albanman, Mynameisnat, Whiteghost.ink, Corrado7mari, Mr Taz,
Kedyz, Saints088, Flower power taiga, Nmeyer92, Sgthenno, Srushe, Takemeon, Mickynsw, Populuspopulus, Arda Xi, Mutinydiants,
BaileyDCampbell, Waygugin, Thefreemarket, Se7en555, Maddiekate, Lpug21, Iealing, Lilschu101, Quest for Truth, Owned Souls, Cablehorn, Ventur, Wilson44691, Wjs13, Bossyaaron, JuanFox, Taddle, Callumski, Dexx05626, H0ttamale2, Adamjfry, Aumpire, Lourakis,
Robertveneziano, Opal07, Lightmouse, Terroristtaz, Polbot, Orderinchaos 2, BenoniBot~enwiki, Ajwitney, BrianBeahr, Retireduser1111,
Johnnywiggle, RandomHumanoid, Upper Lines, Bridgebrain, Supt. of Printing, LonelyMarble, Torchwoodwho, Stevenr123, Gorrrillla5,
Kentynet, Scotia1297, That Guy88, Gallisuchus, Elise95, Folkmann, HighInBC, Casenj, Rasta Master, Nford24, Paulinho28, Kevo-723,
Bowei Huang 2, WikiLaurent, Goodrat, Verdadero, TubularWorld, EchucaCollege, Greal, Finneganw, Kifolga, Mcdom, Jobas, Miyokan,
DTGHYUKLPOQWMNB, Often Shift, BeansNCheese, JCRB, YellowAssessmentMonkey, Martarius, Sfan00 IMG, Rhyshuw1~enwiki,
ClueBot, TaborL, GorillaWarfare, PipepBot, Aussiewikikid, Murchy, Vicpulido~enwiki, Kotniski, Nick.pippin, Sezzaxox, Immortallord,
EoGuy, HollywoodIncfan, B. van der Wee, Ameshavkin, Nnemo, Enthusiast01, Cygnis insignis, Crackerjack12, Englishgirl18, Gregcaletta, Dcradick, AussieDownUnder, Dingiswayo, Tomcbh, Drmies, Kkiillaa, JJboy101, Hihihihiz, Leahcim512, Australiana, Mild Bill
Hiccup, CrazyRepublican, Kathleen.wright5, SuperHamster, Boing! said Zebedee, Steveonz, Jean.Miller, Imperium Europeum, Joyceclintonphillip, Niceguyedc, Klubnick, DaveBurstein, Parkwells, Dylan620, Shannon bohle, Otolemur crassicaudatus, Dengero, Insanely
Beautiful, Lencer, Franksbnetwork, RenamedUser jaskldjslak903, Bhanvad, Qzurr, M.A.Kampman, Critter beach, Pointillist, NuclearVacuum, DragonBot, No such user, Robert Skyhawk, King wiston, Mkativerata, Paulkondratuklovesau, Alexbot, Trist.tlc.123, Taifarious1, Tornadou, Sunil060902, Kooleo799, Ottre, Danausi, John Nevard, Arcot, Mfa fariz, Sherwelbuilding, Rhatsa26X, TheGreenEditor, Poz11, Noobhunter93, Costlab, Sun Creator, Irving17, Holesworth, Cenarium, Ajw522, Roadquick, Jotterbot, Johnsmich, Iohannes
Animosus, AnubisII, Tnxman307, M.O.X, Quelcrime, Nyttend backup, Kacey60, Rabindra Baral, L.Wadsworth, Nickymo101, Mickey
gfss2007, Knowz, Lam3l, IntctExpert, EDITMASTER5, Panwan, Thingg, Lmtlmt, Notthe600, Liberalcynic, Silas Maxeld, Footballfan190, Samantha555, Littleteddy, Versus22, Dana boomer, Kattigara, IJA, MelonBot, Menjus, Cookiehead, TheMarchingMan216, Vanished user uih38riiw4hjlsd, HSDR, Yanatello, Stantheman sylvie, DumZiBoT, Australien, Dalvimiogo, John-TorresAUS, XLinkBot, Theanimalmother, AgnosticPreachersKid, Hoptop, Dsvyas, Joseph031164, Harshana123456, BodhisattvaBot, JMLAUS, Stickee, Messiisking,
Fercho85, Duckyluver15, Tcustomer, Richyhan, Feyrauth, Rreagan007, Mitch Ames, Facts707, SilvonenBot, Andxtiltone, Keluar94,
Maxwell cottingham, Vegas949, HarlandQPitt, Polibiush, Atomicdor, Asidemes, Good Olfactory, Lemmey, Frog luva96, Atoric, Gggh, Super Cleverly, MoOseY3401, Bonazzi, Pyfan, Yousou, Kangaroosrule, D.bennett08, AUSAlison, Dan56, Agonzalezb, Otisjimmy1, Boorp,
Hidrugarn, Kingnicholas, Trasman, DougsTech, Lacie101, Older and ... well older, Tanhabot, X360, Fieldday-sunday, Hallaway2, Superrockgod13, Hybrid.evolution, Zappa123, Noozgroop, Wizard155, NjardarBot, FDT, Cyberxstrm, Angbottty, CarsracBot, Pasta4470,
Shadow23133, Lihaas, Michaelwuzthere, Glass Sword, Tomdaly4321, FiriBot, Debresser, Favonian, Sportsfan92, LinkFA-Bot, Lemonade100, Blaylockjam10, 5 albert square, HAHS 25, Toddles9, Pargy, Klutzulmaniack, Lakshmix, Vicmillsy, Numbo3-bot, Howler200, F
Notebook, Vacekha, Tide rolls, Lightbot, Cesiumfrog, JEN9841, AussieLegend2, SmolderinCorpse, HerculeBot, Cchow2, Waltloc, Genius101, Aaroncrick, Tartarus, Luckas-bot, AadaamS, Ptbotgourou, Mjhgtaitokerau, Cm001, Evans1982, EnochBethany, Gavin Lisburn,
Smk1895x, Millere08, KamikazeBot, Rudykruger, Laserforce, Russo87, TheThomas, AnakngAraw, Svlah2, SoMuchTime, Anonymous
from the 21th century, Matty, AnomieBOT, Puertorico1, Tornado99, Thesmith3r1, Senor Freebie, Noq, 1exec1, Marwanjuma, Lebanonman19, Galoubet, Dwayne, Squoups, JackieBot, Hadrian89, VerseDoorPlace, Nerdluck34, Kingpin13, NickK, Zxabot, Bosonic dressing,
Nazrani, Je Muscato, Materialscientist, J332, Danno uk, Citation bot, Missminidiva, Maxis ftw, SeventhHell, GB fan, Crazyla112, ArthurBot, B. Fairbairn, Quebec99, LilHelpa, Droadnaegel, Osborneap, Daftpunkboy93, GarrieFerron, MauritsBot, Xqbot, ManningBartlett,
TinucherianBot II, Night w, Zargontapel, Conay, Poetaris, 4twenty42o, Miracleworker5263, Jerey Mall, Alexdarkred, Chloesnowie,
BritishWatcher, Gap9551, Aa77zz, Flashash;, GrouchoBot, Abce2, Miesianiacal, Zapacit, Earlypsychosis, Anotherclown, RibotBOT, SassoBot, Justdata4wiki, Joes23b, SCRECROW, Brutaldeluxe, Longest Journey, Freshcelerycj, Siddharatha.tiwari, Kaio-ken x10, GhalyBot,
Moxy, Smallman12q, Shadowjams, Editor182, WebCiteBOT, ASOTMKX, Rehumanist, Erik9bot, Y26de.jknowles, Thehelpfulbot, Spazturtle, Legobot III, FreeKnowledgeCreator, Mooremoore, HJED, George2001hi, Chemical2009, MontseBL, GenericBob, Paine Ellsworth,
Tobby72, Serp3821, Vidboy10, Sky Attacker, LavenhamHistorian, Michael93555, HaireDunya, Csiew88, Ankitchopra, Addicted04, HJ
Mitchell, Eagle4000, Finalius, Bambuway, UltimateG, Jach79, Purpleturple, Politicalpandit, L95slovenia, Coops123, Asjogoaeg, Citation
bot 1, Diwas, Kafajaja, Speedisa, Liampluridon, Toolboks, AstaBOTh15, Kj1996, Ghislain Montvernay, Miss-jessie-gal, JKDw, Stt13,
Pinethicket, Haaqfun, Peroxwhy2gen, Elockid, HRoestBot, Yottie, Alonso de Mendoza, KAPITALIST88, 10metreh, Jonesey95, Rameshngbot, GreenEco, Azips, Mr Smartipants, Gigglmash1234, Georg Hurtig, Mutinus, Billsta1, Deviloper, Spencerwhite18, LagrangeCalvert,
SpringSummerAutumn, Maokart444, MrsGreatMersey57, Forward Unto Dawn, Theguywiththecoolhat, Coolknot, Serp38021, Amongadded2, Powerful999, James4750, Lissajous, Iloveyotummy, Reconsider the static, LALAboys, Ozhistory, Watchover, Flosssock1, Kgrad,
Elekhh, FoxBot, TobeBot, Trappist the monk, Karyasuman, Hunarian, DixonDBot, Mono, Silent Billy, DriveMySol, k, Ashokpmeena,
Thinker0000, Saltybut, Simharrison, Lotje, Antemister, SkanterBrazil, RoadTrain, Robbie555, Clarkcj12, Klomin10, Begoon, FerntreeG-
28
17
ully, Predictor92, Gerrywastaken, FF1977, Rr parker, Jhenderson777, OrangeCorner, Marcos Elias de Oliveira Jnior, Cjs wee sis, Tbhotch, Robertwhyteus, Fry1989, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, Stephreef, Whisky drinker, The Utahraptor, RjwilmsiBot, Chipmunkdavis, TjBot,
Bento00, IANVS, Alph Bot, Ripchip Bot, Slaja, Andychen86, Randazzo12, Rwood128, Balph Eubank, Mikael07, Salvio giuliano, Lee
lid, Bowei Huang, DASHBot, Shabidoo, Steve03Mills, Prosopon, EmausBot, ImprovingWiki, John of Reading, Orphan Wiki, WikitanvirBot, Ashton 29, Koszmonaut, Nhajivandi, Gargabook, Blizzardstep0, GoingBatty, Mesgul82, Bull Market, Luigibro00, NotAnonymous0,
TuneyLoon, Kempsey11, MrTranscript, BKCW8, Base and Spoiled Female, P. S. F. Freitas, Kingbloodball, Japol1, Dimethyl, Gaudoine,
Erpert, Evanh2008, Kkm010, Jhay777, Susfele, Illegitimate Barrister, Tulandro, Iaki Salazar, American1991, MithrandirAgain, Compoman, Jereyjahja, Leo.Li111, Space25689, Immmortall, Harshgaze, Bahudhara, Hazard-SJ, 2sc945, Pan Brerus, H3llBot, Swissirish1,
Lkingscott, Gabitherst, Lililops, Neil M 4156, Anoldtreeok, Ocaasi, OnePt618, Pek~enwiki, Highvale, Erianna, Ccworld112, Septer231,
Newenehpets, Teptoria, Supamact, Tyhlerb, Capricorn4049, Heymiki87, Brandmeister, Esel Kratch, L Kensington, SantaMonicaMale,
Jarjarbinks10, Unionin, Grbth2, Alborzagros, Kaez Novax, Hillblake, Dierentiablef, FloAdr, Gsarwa, Irrypride, WCE Dude, Quite vivid
blur, Mantes, Platypusmonotreme, Bozzio, Saruman-the-white, Djunekid33, Thegoldenmonkey007, Aussie sportsman, ElockidAlternate,
Kladlod, Freakfacesarahmillie, Zomgwdol, Jonnyb17, 1930fwc, Arcorann, Hazard-Bot, ChuispastonBot, Zyzhen, Italiano111, Pip its
true, Porkypine101, EdoBot, Iketsi, Dorsal Axe, Indian1985, Peak Debt, HappyWaldo, Mjbmrbot, ClueBot NG, Crzyclarks, Jacsam2,
Djozgur, Stevenrosarda, JetBlast, MelbourneStar, Obamapinoy1982, LogX, Kittygirl7878, Joefromrandb, Movses-bot, Encycloshave,
Loginnigol, Omnisome, Rylie James Thomas, Broden, Frietjes, TheBustopher, 08OceanBeach SD, Twillisjr, Hazhk, Chrisjc19, Zombiecapper, , Kasirbot, Rezabot, Sleepy47, XKronikz, Picaballo, HaroX, Seair21, Shamto, Jaedit, North Atlanticist Usonian, IgnorantArmies, Mightymights, Johnwest1999, Helpful Pixie Bot, JTdale, Wbm1058, Mark Marathon, BG19bot, Billy Liakopoulos,
Stild, EzykronHD, M0rphzone, ChessBOT, Kaltenmeyer, Northamerica1000, HIDECCHI001, Interchangeable, Tjl1128, MiddgeaughBotteaugh, Philpm930, Unknown 13, Cooldude5298, Ancienterracht, CarterL2011, Silvrous, Fairlyoddparents1234, Sandy13397, Soerfm, Ashtonbltr, The Almightey Drill, Havantshire, Drewrau, Ubiquinoid, Scuppers1, TBrandley, Loriendrew, WebTV3, Hadi Payami,
Mun Wizard, BattyBot, Qbli2mHd, Thebuck093, David.moreno72, Liam987, Jimw338, Otkdna, Swctg, Arman musikyan, Shwangtianyuan, Sj96, Adnan bogi, IceBrotherhood, Soulparadox, TheDeathWikipedian, Gharjistan, TheMrCommunistTW, Arsenalfan24, JYBot, Dude1830, Qexigator, Brian1997, Delotrooladoo, MrAustin390, Dexbot, Url5406, Profpremrajpushpakaran, Thomas Emilio Davies,
Caroline1981, Br'er Rabbit, Reverend Mick man34, Sminthopsis84, Mymis, Alishakitty, Clidog, Jackninja5, Phung Wilson, Ssbbplayer,
FonsScientiae, Z105space, Curtaintoad, Fte, Aero777, Jennyjupiter, Corinne, Daledavey, Yo222, Hillbillyholiday, Beloki, Dodgedbullet, FY789, CsDix, CamV8, Melonkelon, Biomedicinal, Lfdder, Wally01, Poooo98891, Irisbox, EvergreenFir, Serpinium, Cherubinirules, Lindenhurst Liberty, Flat Out, Byung do jung, InvalidWikiUser, Cscott32100, Hedgefall, Indefatigable2, Wikiuser13, Fort123, Andreasyiangoumelbourne, Ray Lightyear, IM-yb, Hwasus, Australia101101, Alirez0, RMJackaman, Acalycine, Poligres, Hellomynameisandrew19991999, Szekszter, Luxure, GTVM92, Andreas11213, ThecentreCZ, Twofortnights, Azertopius, Inenglishplease, Haylie Henman,
Loveoood007, Derekc95, Saifur raael, Abgar eabe ghu, Savvyjack23, Concord hioz, Monkbot, Manthony121, Mvpo666, Filedelinkerbot, ThatGuy82, Ryopus, , Monopoly31121993, Harry Drewer, Sciophobiaranger, Jimbov22, Burklemore1, Aqjwx, Angusr,
Xylocode, Wikiguys12, Cyntiamaspian, Dunno2014, Doontrav, Darth Jadus, Cdmbb, Unocha.visual, WikiImprovment78, Colonial Overlord, LordHello1, JUSTINLEUII, Sarr Cat, Abcdudtc, Apostlebird, MoreTomorrow, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania, Mll mitch,
Gaya3menon, Alanjones5, Eimukas22, Mongoose Army, KasparBot, Anthony kd, Jippa99, Hhplactube, Aardwolf A380, Habibisgreat,
Western50, Zuccane, PowerUnblocked, Joburg Joe, Fireunderwater, Aneditorthathelps, Retention7 and Anonymous: 2280
17.2
Images
17.2
Images
29
30
17
17.3
Content license
31
File:Oceania_(orthographic_projection).svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Oceania_
%28orthographic_projection%29.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Based on File:Australia (orthographic projection).svg
Original artist: Ch1902
File:Pacific_Islands_Forum_Logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Pacific_Islands_Forum_Logo.
svg License: Public domain Contributors:
PIF_Logo.png Original artist: PIF_Logo.png: Henning Blatt
File:Parliament_House_Canberra_NS.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Parliament_House_
Canberra_NS.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: JJ Harrison (jjharrison89@facebook.com)
File:Perth_CBD_from_air.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Perth_CBD_from_air.jpg License: CC
BY 2.5 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Bidgee using CommonsHelper. Original artist: Chewy m at English
Wikipedia
File:PortArthurPenitentiary.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/PortArthurPenitentiary.jpg License:
CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work (Martybugs)
Original artist: Martybugs at en.wikipedia
File:Reliefmap_of_Australia.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Reliefmap_of_Australia.png License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: http://www.maps-for-free.com/ Original artist: Hans Braxmeier
File:Royal_exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Royal_
exhibition_building_tulips_straight.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: Image:Royal_exhibition_building_tulips.jpg Original artist:
Photograph taken by Dili and straightened by Ian Fieggen
File:Sidney_Nolan_Snake.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Sidney_Nolan_Snake.jpg License: CC
BY 2.0 Contributors: Tasmania, The Mona, museum of old & new art Original artist: jeowenphotos
File:Sound-icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Sound-icon.svg License:
Derivative work from Silsor's versio Original artist: Crystal SVG icon set
LGPL Contributors:
17.3
Content license