Qualys Rollout Guide

Security and Compliance Suite
Rollout Guide
August 4, 2015
Copyright 2005-2015 by Qualys, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Qualys and the Qualys logo are registered trademarks of Qualys, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of
their respective owners.
Qualys, Inc.
1600 Bridge Parkway
Redwood Shores, CA 94065
1 (650) 801 6100
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
Operationalizing Security and Compliance ................................................................ 10
Qualys Best Practices ...................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 2 Rollout First Steps

First Login.........................................................................................................................
Your Qualys account ............................................................................................
Update your account settings if needed............................................................
Your Host Assets ..................................................................................................
Add Hosts ..............................................................................................................
Remove IPs from the Subscription.....................................................................
Virtual Hosts .........................................................................................................
Check Network Access to Scanners ...................................................................
Review Password Security Settings ...................................................................
Adding User Accounts ...................................................................................................
User Roles and Privileges ....................................................................................
Asset Groups and Business Units ......................................................................
Adding a Manager................................................................................................
About User Account Settings..............................................................................
Defining Scope of User Actions.....................................................................................
Adding Asset Groups ..........................................................................................
Adding Scanners and Readers............................................................................
Adding Business Units.........................................................................................
Adding Unit Managers to Business Units.........................................................
User Hierarchy Chart ...........................................................................................
Transfer Users to Business Units........................................................................
Transfer Business Objects to Users ....................................................................
Ownership of Business Objects ..........................................................................
Deleting Users .......................................................................................................
Scanner Appliance Installation and Setup...................................................................
Planning Appliance Installation .........................................................................
Scanning and Firewalls ........................................................................................
Custom VLANs for VLAN Trunking ................................................................
Managing Your Appliances ...........................................................................................
View Your Scanner Appliances ..........................................................................
Check Out the Scanner Capacity Chart .............................................................
Take Actions on Appliances................................................................................
Scanner Appliance Information..........................................................................
Edit Scanner Appliance........................................................................................
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Contents
Versions and Automatic Updates.......................................................................

Assign Scanner Appliances to Asset Groups....................................................
Grant Users Access to Scanner Appliances.......................................................
Multiple Scanner Appliances and Business Units............................................
Replace Scanner Appliance .................................................................................
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Chapter 3 Vulnerability Scanning

Network Discovery..........................................................................................................
Launch a Map ........................................................................................................
View Map Results .................................................................................................
View Map Results - Graphic Mode ....................................................................
Map Settings ..........................................................................................................
About Network Discovery...................................................................................
Asset Categorization and Workflows ...........................................................................
Add a New Asset Group......................................................................................
Taking Workflow Actions....................................................................................
Unknown Device Report......................................................................................
Your First Scans................................................................................................................
Select Scan Notification ........................................................................................
Launch Vulnerability Scan...................................................................................
Scan Status..............................................................................................................
Scan Complete Email for Vulnerability Scan ....................................................
View Scan Results .................................................................................................
About Scanning Events ........................................................................................
Vulnerability KnowledgeBase .......................................................................................
Vulnerability Severity Levels ..............................................................................
Vulnerability Search .............................................................................................
Vulnerability Search Lists ....................................................................................
Editing Vulnerabilities .........................................................................................
Customizing Scans...........................................................................................................
Scanner Appliance Setting ...................................................................................
Option Profiles Provided .....................................................................................
View Option Profiles ............................................................................................
Option Profile Settings .........................................................................................
Current Host Information...............................................................................................
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Chapter 4 Enterprise Management and Reporting

Enterprise Security Auditing..........................................................................................
Add Scheduled Scans and Maps.........................................................................
Review Option Profiles ........................................................................................
Set Default Option Profile....................................................................................
Publish Global Option Profiles ...........................................................................
Scan for Selected Vulnerabilities.........................................................................
Trusted Scanning...................................................................................................
Scanner Parallelization .........................................................................................
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QualysGuard Rollout Guide
Contents
Enterprise Reporting .....................................................................................................

View Report Templates .....................................................................................
Running Reports with Report Share................................................................
Scheduling Reports.............................................................................................
Sharing Reports...................................................................................................
Secure PDF Distribution ....................................................................................
Scorecard Reports ...............................................................................................
Patch Reports.......................................................................................................
Consultant Reports.............................................................................................
Report Templates................................................................................................
Publish Global Templates..................................................................................
Download Data Lists as CSV, XML, HTML, MHT........................................
Remediation Workflow ................................................................................................
Enable Remediation Workflow ........................................................................
View Tickets List.................................................................................................
View Ticket Information....................................................................................
About the Closed Loop Ticketing System.......................................................
Customizing Level of Risk ...........................................................................................
Customizing Vulnerabilities .............................................................................
Business Risk in Scan Reports...........................................................................
Security Risk in Scan Reports ...........................................................................
CVSS Scoring .......................................................................................................
Ignoring Vulnerabilities.....................................................................................
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Chapter 5 Compliance
Achieving Compliance .................................................................................................
Vulnerability Reporting and Trend Analysis ............................................................
Executive Report with Trending ......................................................................
Asset Search.........................................................................................................
Risk Analysis .......................................................................................................
Vulnerability Compliance Reports...................................................................
Remediation Reporting.................................................................................................
Payment Card Industry (PCI) Compliance................................................................
PCI Data Security Standard ..............................................................................
Quarterly PCI External Scans Workflow.........................................................
Quarterly PCI Internal Scans Workflow .........................................................
Policy Compliance (PC) ................................................................................................
Auditor User Role...............................................................................................
Policy Editor ........................................................................................................
Policy Manager ...................................................................................................
Policy Compliance Reporting ...........................................................................
Running Template Based Reports....................................................................
Running Interactive Reports .............................................................................
Exceptions Management....................................................................................
Policy Compliance Current Regulations and Mandates.....................................
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Contents
Chapter 6 Successful Qualys Rollout Case Studies

Case 1 Global Online Retailer..................................................................................
Case 2 Web Meeting Application Provider...........................................................
Case 3 Global Electronics Manufacturer................................................................
Case 4 Global UK Bank ............................................................................................
Case 5 Large Chemical Company...........................................................................
Case 6 Global Food Services Company .................................................................
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Preface
This user guide is intended for security mangers and auditors responsible for the
successful rollout of Qualys Security and Compliance Suite in the enterprise. Qualys
is the widely adopted vulnerability management and policy compliance solution
from Qualys, Inc.
About Qualys
Qualys, Inc. (NASDAQ: QLYS) is a pioneer and leading provider of cloud security
and compliance solutions with over 7,700 customers in more than 100 countries,
including a majority of each of the Forbes Global 100 and Fortune 100.The Qualys
Cloud Platform and integrated suite of solutions help organizations simplify security
operations and lower the cost of compliance by delivering critical security
intelligence on demand and automating the full spectrum of auditing, compliance
and protection for IT systems and web applications. Founded in 1999, Qualys has
established strategic partnerships with leading managed service providers and
consulting organizations including Accenture, Accuvant, BT, Cognizant Technology
Solutions, Dell SecureWorks, Fujitsu, HCL Comnet, InfoSys, NTT, Tata
Communications, Verizon and Wipro. The company is also a founding member of the
Cloud Security Alliance (CSA).
For more information, please visit www.qualys.com.
Contact Qualys Support

Qualys is committed to providing you with the most thorough support. Through
online documentation, telephone help, and direct email support, Qualys ensures that
your questions will be answered in the fastest time possible. We support you 7 days a
week, 24 hours a day. Access support information at www.qualys.com/support/.
Preface
Qualys Rollout Guide
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INTRODUCTION
This guide combines many of the best practices gained from our experience with
supporting customers of varying sizes and complexity with Qualys rollouts. These
projects are large in scale, most often deployed globally on distributed, segmented
networks, and frequently involve many users with diverse responsibilities within the
enterprise. As you start your own Qualys rollout, it makes sense for us to share with
you our best practices approach so that you can quickly and effectively take
advantage of Qualys to automate the process of vulnerability management and
policy compliance within your organization.
The goal of this document is to take you step by step through the process of both
getting Qualys running in production and learning the best practices that will
maximize the value you will receive from enhanced network security.
We have arranged this guide into the sections described below.
Chapter 2, Rollout First Steps, covers the basics of setting up the service, adding
users, defining the scope of user actions, installing QualysGuard Scanner Appliances,
and planning for distributed scanning with multiple Scanner Appliances.
Chapter 3, Getting Started with Security Auditing, leads you through the steps of
running your first scans and understanding scan results. In preparation to this we
discuss QualysGuard tools that help you discover your network and prioritize assets.
Once you have performed and reviewed your first scans, we will describe the options
for customizing scans.
Chapter 4, Enterprise Management and Reporting, takes you through the steps of
implementing a successful Qualys rollout across the enterprise. This is focused on a
phased approach that allows you to start out with a basic process and to enhance the
process, as required, over time. It involves using Qualys enterprise management
tools for security auditing and reporting as well as the remediation workflow feature.
Operationalizing Security and Compliance
Chapter 5, Compliance, helps you to use Qualys to show the progress you are making in
managing your vulnerabilities and the security risk in your network. This will also help
you in making the adjustments to your vulnerability management systems options and
processes to achieve your required results. A key element in tracking your progress is
how this will assist you in meeting the myriad of regulations which have network
security as part of their requirements.
In Chapter 6, Successful Qualys Rollout Case Studies, we have taken real customer
examples, from various industries, to help you understand their ingredients for success.
You can learn from the challenges they faced and have an implementation plan that
leverages their experience.
While this document is intended to assist you with a successful rollout of Qualys, it is
important to note that there are many product features that are not outlined here. As you
become familiar with Qualys you will find additional features and capabilities. We
recommend that you fully explore the application and reference the online help and other
resources documents to allow you to take full advantage of the power of the application.
Before we start it is important that we have a common understanding of Qualys benefits
and a set of high level best practices which we have found to lead to successful
implementations.
Operationalizing Security and Compliance

The amount of risk facing any IT infrastructure is constantly in flux and can be difficult to
measure. Any change to a system or its broader computing environment might also
change its security posture. While every organization has firewalls and antivirus in place,
the limitations of these basic layers of defense are a constant concern for security
conscious companies. CERT states that, 99% of intrusions result from exploitation of
known vulnerabilities or configuration errors where countermeasures were available.
Todays fast-moving viruses and worms have found ways to pass through firewalls and
bypass antivirus applications. As the time from vulnerability announcement to common
vulnerability exploit continues to shrink, organizations are increasingly faced with the
challenge to find more proactive security solutions.
One of the proven ways to reduce the risk of being hit by a worm or virus is through
regular network security audits to identify vulnerabilities and correct the weaknesses
before they can be exploited. Security risk and policy compliance management makes it
possible for a company to take proactive steps to spot rogue devices, identify
vulnerabilities, and ensure systems are configured inline with standards and corporate
policy.
The Policy Compliance module allows customers to audit and document compliance to
internal and external auditors to meet corporate security policies, laws and regulations.
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Qualys Best Practices

As you begin your rollout program, Qualys customers have found these steps, in the
order presented below, to be keys to success with Qualys rollout projects:
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Know Your Network
Automate
Integrate
Distribute Use
Report on Risk, Vulnerabilities and Compliance
Know Your Network

Prior to embarking on an initiative to scan each device on the network, its important to
first identify every device on the network. Qualys recommends performing a network
discovery (map) to enumerate each host. After discovering the hosts, you can use this
information to group like hosts and to blacklist any host that might have a potentially
negative impact to being scanned. Typically these are hosts listed in the Qualys Potential
Impact to Systems document, available from within your Qualys account (go to Help >
Resources).
Automate
Once you are ready to begin assessing the security risks on your network, it is important
to have an assessment plan and use Qualys to automate the scanning process.
Automation yields consistent scanning activities which will, in turn, help increase the
consistency of the results. Automation also makes certain you are assessing your risk
regularly (e.g. weekly or monthly). Within Qualys, you can automate network discovery
scans, vulnerability scans, the creation of remediation tickets, and the delivery of
vulnerability reports.
Integrate
Greater value can be achieved by integrating the components of your security solution to
provide an overall view of your security posture. Qualys has available more than 20
out-of-the-box integrations with patch management solutions, intrusion detection /
prevention solutions, SIM (Security Information Management) solutions, ticketing
solutions, and asset management solutions.
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Distribute Use
Qualys advocates performing vulnerability scans from each network vantage point. To
achieve this in a geographically distributed or segmented network, customers must
distribute QualysGuard Scanner Appliances throughout the network. Consider placing a
Scanner Appliance in each security zone on the internal network and use the Qualys
provided Remote Internet Scanners to assess risk from the Internet.
In addition, it is important to empower users throughout the organization by distributing
the use of Qualys across functional teams and throughout all levels of the organization.
Many enterprises have reported success in reducing risks by empowering network and
systems administrators to scan their assets. Similarly, by distributing the use of Qualys to
internal and external audit teams, customers have recognized efficiencies in process and
reduced auditing fees. Consider using the five-tier hierarchical role-based access controls
built into Qualys to empower as many users as appropriate within your organization.
Report on Risk, Vulnerabilities and Compliance

Qualys does not view vulnerabilities and risk as being synonymous. Within Qualys there
are different metrics returned in scan reports: Security Risk, Business Risk, and CVSS
scores.
The Security Risk is a reflection of the number of vulnerabilities on each host and the
relative security risk of those vulnerabilities.
The Business Risk is based on the security risk and takes into consideration the business
value of the hosts. In many situations, the business risk value will drive remediation
efforts rather than simply the security risk.
CVSS scores for vulnerabilities are based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System
(CVSS) standard. CVSS provides a common language for understanding vulnerabilities
and threats. By including CVSS scores in scan reports, you can compare your security
audit results against the CVSS standard.
Several pre-defined reports allow you view reports based on saved scan, map and
remediation data in your account. Some reports include trending automatically, such as
the Executive Report and remediation reports, to assist with tracking remediation and
security risk over time. Compliance reports allow you to see whether youre compliant
with the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS), the Qualys Top 20
real-time vulnerabilities (10 internal, 10 external), and user-defined compliance policies.
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ROLLOUT FIRST STEPS
The rollout project setup involves building a deployment plan based on network
analysis and business objectives, and then distributing vulnerability management
and policy compliance responsibility to multiple users. Its recommended that you
do your homework in advance to understand your network environment and its
segmentation before you begin network security auditing. With your understanding
of the network and the people responsible for managing the various systems and
network segments, you will add user accounts, install Scanner Appliances, and
assign users asset responsibility by defining asset groups and optionally business
units.
To achieve the best rollout project setup in the quickest time, please complete the
following activities in the order presented:
FIRST LOGIN
ADDING USER ACCOUNTS
DEFINING SCOPE OF USER ACTIONS
SCANNER APPLIANCE INSTALLATION AND SETUP
MANAGING YOUR APPLIANCES
Note: The rollout project setup requires Manager user privileges. If you are the
subscription owner, then your user account has these privileges by default. You may
choose to add additional Manager users to assist with the rollout project setup. We
will discuss adding users as well as user roles and privileges in this chapter.

First Login
FIRST LOGIN
Be sure to complete your first login and check to be sure that you are ready to start
security auditing activities using the account.
BEST PRACTICES
Be sure to complete your account registration. Follow the instructions provided,
starting with the Qualys Registration - Start Now email and ending with accepting the
terms and conditions.
Check configurations before you begin. Its recommended that you view the
IP addresses in your account, add IP addresses and virtual hosts as needed, classify
assets in your account, check network accessibility to target hosts, and review password
security options for the subscription.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Your Qualys account
When your new subscription is created, you will receive an email notification titled
Qualys Registration - Start Now. This email includes a secure link to your user login ID
and password (this is a one-time only link).
After completing the registration steps, you will receive an email notification titled
Qualys Registration - Complete.
Soon we will discuss adding user accounts to the subscription. When you add user
accounts, each new user will receive a Qualys Registration email and will need to
complete the same registration process.
Update your account settings if needed

The user menu (top right) give you several options, available to you all the time.
- Change your password
- Change your default Home Page
- View your account settings
- Return to the Quick Start Guide
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First Login
Your Host Assets

Qualys provides methods for asset classification to support managing network security
in dynamic and distributed networking environments.
At this time you will want to view the hosts in your account and select the host tracking
method to be used. For a new subscription, hosts in the account are tracked by IP address
and the tracking method can be changed to DNS hostname or NetBIOS hostname.
Optionally, you may enter asset tags (host attributes) and an asset owner.
The hosts in your account may be used as targets for vulnerability and compliance scans.
To view the hosts in your account, go to Assets > Host Assets.
Click
(Expand range) next to a range to view hosts in the range.
Click
(View host information) next to a host to view comprehensive host information,
including the hosts attributes, current vulnerabilities and tickets as well as an activity log
listing actions involving the host.
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First Login
The host assets list displays all hosts in your account. All hosts may be the target for a
vulnerability scan. Compliance hosts may be the target for a compliance scan, when the
policy compliance module is enabled in the subscription. To view compliance hosts only,
select Filters > Compliance Hosts.
Managers can view information on the total IPs
purchased and total IPs in subscription in the
Account Info section (go to Help > Account Info).
Please contact Support or an Account representative
for help with purchasing more IPs.
Add Hosts
To add hosts, go to New > IP Tracked Hosts. (Youll see you have the option to select the
DNS or NetBIOS tracking method if hosts in your network are assigned IP addresses
dynamically.) Use the wizard to enter your new hosts.
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First Login
Host IPs
In the Host IPs section enter IP addresses/ranges. Multiple entries are comma separated.
The policy compliance module may be enabled in your account. If so, the check box Add
to Policy Compliance Module appears. Select this check box if you want the new hosts
to also be added to the policy compliance module. When selected you can perform
vulnerability scans and compliance scans on the hosts.
Host Attributes
In the Host Attributes section, enter host attributes (optional). The host attributes are
displayed in host security views throughout the application, and in scan status reports
(automatic). Initially the names are set to Location, Function, and Asset Tag. Go to
Setup > Host Attributes if you want to customize host attribute names.
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First Login
Click the Add button to add the hosts.
Take Actions on Hosts

Select hosts already added to your account and take actions on them using the Actions
menu. You can edit host attributes (one host at a time, or bulk edit), add/remove hosts
from asset groups, and add hosts for compliance scans.
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First Login
Remove IPs from the Subscription

Managers can remove IPs from the subscription. Once an IP is removed, the host data is
not recoverable. Please review these possible consequences before removing IPs:
IPs will be deleted from Asset Groups.
Scheduled Scans will be deactivated at the next launch (except when the target
includes asset groups only and at least one asset group has remaining IPs).
Automatic host data will be purged, also Tickets and Exceptions will be deleted.
To remove IPs, go to New > Remove IPs.
Select the IPs you want to remove and then click Remove.
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First Login
Virtual Hosts
Depending on your network configuration, you may want to add virtual hosts to your
subscription. A virtual host is defined as a single machine that acts like multiple systems,
hosting more than one domain (FQDN). Adding virtual host configurations ensures that
the scanning service analyzes all specified domains associated with each IP address
scanned, possibly increasing the number of vulnerabilities detected. To view the virtual
hosts in your account, go to Assets > Virtual Hosts. From the virtual host list you can add
a new virtual host configuration by going to New > Virtual Host.
Check Network Access to Scanners

Important details about External Scanners and Scanner Appliances are shown on the
About page (go to Help > About). Be sure that your network permits access between the
scanners and the IPs to be scanned.
External Scanners. External Scanners for external (perimeter) scanning are located at
the Secure Operating Centers (SOCs), datacenters maintained by Qualys. External
scanners must be able to access target IPs for perimeter scanning (see Help > About).
Scanner Appliances. Scanner Appliances for internal scanning are installed on your
internal network, inside your corporate Intranet. Scanner appliances must be able to
access target IPs for scanning your internal network (see Help > About).
Review Password Security Settings

Your Qualys login ID is permanent and assigned by
Qualys. Your password is a randomly generated
strong password. You can change your password
if you wish at any time from your account menu.
Manager users have the ability to allow user-defined passwords. This option is not
enabled in new subscriptions. To enable this option, go to Users > Setup > Security. and
select Allow user defined passwords. Any password security settings you make will
apply to all user accounts in the same subscription.
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Adding User Accounts
ADDING USER ACCOUNTS

You can easily assign assets to multiple users within the enterprise. By assigning
responsibility for security auditing and vulnerability remediation on assigned assets, you
can distribute this responsibility to multiple users.
User Roles and Privileges

Qualys has a user role-based model for assigning user privileges. Pre-defined user roles
grant specific privileges, including access to assets. Multiple users with the same user
role may be added.
Figure 2-1. User Role based privileges
User Role
Summary of privileges
Manager
- Most privileged user role with access to all assets

- Discovery (maps), security auditing (scans), reporting, remediation
- Manage assets and users
- Set subscription policies and global configurations
- Typical users: Chief Security Officer, Security Manager
Auditor
This role is available when the policy compliance module is enabled

- Manage policies, exception requests, and compliance reporting
- Access to all compliance hosts in the subscription
- Typical users: Security Auditor, Third Party Consultant
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User Role
Summary of privileges
Unit Manager

- Access to assets (IPs, domains, appliances) in asset groups assigned
business unit
- Manage assets and users in assigned business unit
- Typical users: Division Manager, Regional Manager
Scanner

- Access to assets (IPs, domains, appliances) in asset groups assigned
to the users account
- Typical users: Security Engineer, IT Administrator, Inside Consultant
Reader
- Reporting and remediation only

-- Access to assets (IPs, domains) in asset groups assigned to the users
account
- Typical users: Executive, Outside Consultant, Auditor, IT Assistant
Contact
- No access to the Qualys user interface

- Receive summary email notifications for scans and maps
-- Receives notifications for assets (IPs, domains) in asset groups
assigned to the users account. (A Contact user account exists for
administrative purposes and can be edited by Managers A Contact
user cannot log in to the user interface or make API requests using this
account.)
- Typical users: Monitoring or tracking device, Auditor, Alert System
Asset Groups and Business Units

User accounts grant users access to certain hosts, based on user role. Sub-account users
Scanner, Reader, Contact are assigned asset groups. Unit Managers are assigned a
business unit consisting of asset groups. For a subscription with multiple users and
assets, youll want to organize your assets as shown in the diagram below.
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Figure 2-2. Organizing Assets into Asset Groups and Business Units
Starting with all the assets in the subscription, you create logical asset groups. Each
Scanner and Reader account is assigned one or more asset groups. You have the option to
go one step further and define business units including asset groups and users. Each
business unit must be assigned one or more Unit Managers who have management
responsibility for a limited set of assets in the subscription.
BEST PRACTICES
Add at least one user account. Qualys recommends that you add at least one new user
account. We suggest that you add a Manager or Unit Manager to begin, although a user
account with any role except Contact is fine. If the subscriber account is lost or misplaced,
this makes it possible for Qualys Support to reset the password for the subscriber account
while retaining all saved results and user configurations for the subscription.
Add users with management responsibility first Managers and Unit Managers.
These users will have management responsibility for the rollout project and they will
have the ability to add more users.
Create a flexible solution. Delegating roles and responsibilities to multiple users
involves creating a flexible solution that adapts to operating environments and maintains
global standards. Refer to Defining Scope of User Actions for developing an approach
to building the solution for your organization.
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ROLLOUT STEPS
Add at least one user account. Add at least one new user account with privileges to
access the Qualys web application. To add a new user select Users from the top menu and
then select New > User. See Adding a Manager and Adding Scanners and Readers
for help.
Add a Unit Manager. If you wish to use a business unit you ned to add a Unit Manager.
See Adding Unit Managers to Business Units for information.
Review user account information. Gain an understanding of user account information
and privileges for the various user roles. Apply this information when setting up
multiple users.
Adding a Manager
As the subscriber, your user account is automatically assigned the Manager role. You can
choose to add another Manager user so that there is redundancy at the Manager level for
the subscription. All Managers have full privileges.
To add a user, go to Users. From the users list select New > User. Using the new user
wizard, enter user settings.
Under General Information, provide the users name and contact information.
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Under User Role, select the user role Manager. (The service automatically adds
Managers to the Unassigned business unit).
Under Notification Options select email notifications for the user. After creating the
account, the user has the ability edit these settings.
After you save the account, the new user will automatically receive a registration email
with a secure link to the credentials for their new account and login instructions.
About User Account Settings

The user account settings have common sections for all users. The sections Asset Groups
and Extended Permissions appear for users with certain roles.
User Account Section
Description
General Information
General information about the user, including name and

contact information.
User Role
The user role and business unit. A business unit is required

for a Unit Manager.
Options: Notification
Several email notification options are available. A user may

choose to edit these settings:
- Latest Controls (when PC is enabled)
- Latest Vulnerabilities
- Scan Complete Notification
- Scan Summary Notification (vulnerability scans only)
- Map Notification
- Report Notification (when Report Share is enabled)
- Exception Notification (when PC is enabled)
- Daily trouble ticket updates
- Scanner Appliance heartbeat check
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User Account Section
Description
Options: SAML SSO
Qualys supports SAML SSO for user authentication. When

this feature is enabled for the subscription, Managers have
the option to enable SAML SSO for new users or for
selected users.
Using SAML SSO, Qualys acts as a Service Provider and
provides cloud security and compliance services. Your
organization's SSO solution acts as an Identity Provider that
manages usernames, passwords and configurations used to
authenticate users for our services.
Note that users with SAML enabled for UI access do not
have API access.
Options: VeriSign Identity

Protection (VIP)
Qualys includes support for VeriSign Identity Protection

(VIP) two-factor authentication. Managers have the option
to require VIP authentication for all subscription users or
for specific users. Any user can opt in.
When VIP authentication is required for a user account,
logging into the user interface is a two-part process. First
the user provides their Qualys credentials (login name and
password) followed by their VIP credentials (VIP credential
ID and one-time security code).
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Asset Groups
(Appears only for Scanner, Reader, Contact) Use this

section to assign asset groups. Refer to Adding Scanners
and Readers..
Permissions
(Appears only for Unit Manager, Scanner Reader) Select

extended permissions.
- Add assets (Unit Manager)
- Create/edit remediation policy (Unit Manager)
- Create/edit authentication records/vaults (Unit Manager)
- Create option profiles (Unit Manager, Scanner)
- Create/edit virtual hosts (Unit Manager, Scanner)
- Purge host information/history
- Manage compliance
- Manage web applications

Defining Scope of User Actions
DEFINING SCOPE OF USER ACTIONS

The scope of user actions is defined by each users user role and other user account
properties, including asset group responsibility. The diagram below illustrates a sample
subscription with multiple users and two business units.
Using Asset Group Conventions

By applying conventions for organizing and naming your asset groups, you can more
effectively manage vulnerabilities and their remediation.
Flexible asset groups support any organizational method you desire. Asset groups can be
defined by importance, priority, location, business function or ownership. Its often the
case that rollout projects organize assets in a number of different ways. Keep in mind that
the same asset may be defined in multiple asset groups.
Asset group names appear throughout the application for quick identification. Its
recommended that you adopt a naming scheme for your asset groups. An asset groups
grouping method can be reflected in its name for example.
When the policy compliance module is enabled, asset groups containing compliance
hosts are assigned to user-defined policies for compliance testing and reporting.
27

BEST PRACTICES
Understand your network and the people managing the systems. Evaluate the
number of users you expect and what their responsibilities will be, and then match them
to asset groups and business units accordingly.
Follow asset grouping guidelines. When creating asset groups, apply some
conventions for naming and organizing them. As an option, you may use the asset
management workflows from map reports and asset search reports to add assets to asset
groups. See Chapter 3 for information.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Add asset groups and business units.
Add user accounts. Add Managers, Unit Managers, Scanners and Readers as
appropriate for your rollout project.
View users and their asset groups. Refer to the Hierarchy Chart to assist with building
teams and managing users.
Adding Asset Groups

To add a user except a Manager user there must be asset groups in your account
before you can add the user account. For a Scanner, Reader or Contact, asset groups are
assigned directly to the user account. A business unit includes asset groups. Each Unit
Manager is assigned to a business unit and inherits the asset groups in their assigned
business unit.
To add an asset group go to Assets > Asset Groups. From the asset groups list, select
New > Asset Group.
In the new asset group wizard, enter an asset group title, following some naming
convention, and other settings in the sections provided.
28
Asset Group Section
Settings
IPs
IP addresses/ranges to be used as scan targets.
Domains
Domains to be used for network discovery targets.
Scanner Appliances
Scanner Appliances for internal scanning of devices on the

Intranet, inside the corporate network. This section appears
only when a Scanner Appliance is available in your account.
See Scanner Appliance Installation and Setup.
Business/CVSS Info
Business information, including a business impact level used

for calculating business risk in reports. An impact level of
High is automatically assigned to new asset groups.

Adding Scanners and Readers

For a Scanner or Reader when you use the wizard to add or edit a user account, you grant
the user access to assets for scanning (IP addresses, domains and Scanner Appliances) by
assigning asset groups in the Asset Groups section. Simply add asset groups to the
Assigned Asset Groups list on the right.
Notes about adding users within a business unit: Unit Managers can create Scanners and
Readers for their own business units. When a Unit Manager adds a new user, the asset
groups in the Available list correspond to the asset groups in the Unit Managers
business unit. Unit Managers are responsible for managing assets and users in their own
business unit.
Adding Business Units

A business unit consists of asset groups so you must add asset groups before you begin.
There are two workflows for adding a business unit. You can do this when adding a Unit
Manager account (see Adding Unit Managers to Business Units below) or when
viewing the business units list.
To add a business unit from the business units list, go to Users > Business Units. From the
business units lists, select New > Business Unit.
29

Using the new business unit wizard, enter a business unit name. In the Assets section,
assign the business unit assets for scanning (IP addresses, domains and Scanner
Appliances) by moving selected asset groups to the Assigned Asset Groups list. One
asset group is required. In the Users section you can assign users to the asset group
(optional).
Managers can limit the number of new IP addresses that Unit Managers can add, when
these users have accounts with permission to add assets. To enable these controls, go to
Setup > Business Units and select the option Enable limiting the number of new IPs that
Unit Managers can add.
When enabled, Managers have the option to assign a New IP Limit to a business unit.
The New IP Limit is the total number of new IP addresses (not already in the
subscription) that Unit Managers can add. A unique New IP Limit may be assigned to
each business unit.
30

Adding Unit Managers to Business Units

Manager users can choose to add a Unit Manager to a new or existing business unit. A
Unit Manager can be assigned to only one business unit, and this user has the option to
add additional users to the same business unit Unit Managers, Scanners and Readers.
To add a new user, go to Users. From the user accounts list, select New > User. Using the
wizard, select the Unit Manager user role and a business unit name. Tip: Click the New
Business Unit button to add a new business unit, if it doesnt already exist.
User Hierarchy Chart

The user hierarchy chart provides a list of users in the subscription according to the
organizations business structure. To view this chart, go to Users and then select Filters >
Hierarchy Chart. See the sample chart below. The asterisk denotes the subscription
contact (Manager) and the contact for each business unit (Unit Manager).
31

Transfer Users to Business Units

Managers have the ability to transfer existing users to a business unit using a simple
workflow within the business unit. The user transfer workflow supports the smooth
transition of users and their configurations.
When adding or editing a business unit, the users section shows users assigned to the
business unit and users in the subscription who may be added. You may sort and view
the users list in many ways by user name, user role, business unit and asset group.
To add users, go to the Users section and move users, already in the subscription, to the
Assigned Users list (on the right) and then click Save.
The transfer wizard appears. In the Options section confirm the user transfer and select
options. You may choose to keep users personal configurations and asset groups. Please
be aware that if you move users personal configurations without the asset groups, its
possible user configurations may need to be modified after the transfer (for example, in
order for user schedules to run as defined). For more information, see the online help.
32

Transfer Business Objects to Users

Managers and Unit Managers have the ability to transfer business objects from one user
to another in the subscription. Business objects that can be transferred include asset
groups, option profiles (scan settings), report templates, scan schedules, and search lists.
The ability to transfer business objects from one user to another supports organization
changes to infrastructure and responsibility over time.
Ownership of Business Objects

When editing a business object such as an asset group, you can assign an owner for the
object using the Owner drop-down menu in the top section.
The Owner menu lists all users who can be assigned the asset group. Possible assignees
depend on the role of the manager making the transfer and the users business unit.
Manager Doing
Transfer
Owners
Business Unit
Possible New Owner
Manager
Unassigned
Manager or Scanner in current owners business unit
Manager
Custom
Manager in Unassigned business unit - or Unit Manager in current owners business unit
Unit Manager
Custom
Unit Manager or Scanner in current owners business unit
33

In the case where a Manager transfers an asset group from a user in a custom business
unit to a Manager (in the Unassigned business unit), the asset group automatically
remains in the custom business unit so that users in the custom business unit can
continue to use it.
Deleting Users
Managers and Unit Managers have the ability to delete users. Managers can delete any
user in the subscription, while Unit Managers can delete users in their own business unit.
To delete a user from the user accounts list, select
the check box next to the user you wish to delete,
and then select Actions > Delete. Its possible to
select multiple check boxes to delete multiple users
in bulk.
Confirm the user delete action. Youll have the option to delete the users scan results.
Also youll have the option to transfer the users business objects to another user. These
objects include profiles, report templates, asset groups, scheduled tasks, authentication
records, policies, exceptions, vulnerability tickets and search lists.
Map and Scan Results. When map and scan results are deleted results will no longer be
available to other users for reporting.
User Business Objects. Assign the users business objects to another user or select No
New Owner. Possible assignees are Managers plus other users with the same or greater
user role as the user you are deleting. For example, if deleting a Scanner, the New Owner
menu lists Managers plus Unit Managers and Scanners in the users same business unit.
When No New Owner is selected, the users personal business objects are deleted.
34

Scanner Appliance Installation and Setup
SCANNER APPLIANCE INSTALLATION AND SETUP

Installing Qualys Scanner Appliances allows you to scan for security vulnerabilities on
your internal network. The number of Scanner Appliances for your enterprise will
depend on the size and configuration of your network. Once installed, each Scanner
Appliance keeps itself updated with the latest vulnerability signatures via its connection
to the Qualys platform at the Security Operations Center (SOC).
BEST PRACTICES
Plan for Scanner Appliance installations. First evaluate your network setup and access
to the Qualys platform. Qualys Support is available to assist you with network
evaluation and analysis to determine the recommended number of Scanner Appliances
for your organization.
Place Scanner Appliances as close to targets as possible. Its best to place Scanner
Appliances as close to scan targets as possible to minimize latency and maximize
bandwidth for scanning traffic, which is much heavier than reporting traffic.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Add user account for installation. A Qualys user account is required to install each
appliance. Its recommended that you create a dedicated Qualys user account - a
Manager or Unit Manager account is required. See Adding User Accounts.
Physical Scanner Appliances. Follow the simple 3-step installation steps in the Qualys
Scanner Appliance User Guide. You can download the latest version from the online help.
Virtual Scanner Appliances. Qualys offers multiple distributions to support
deployments on multiple virtualization platforms. For information, see the Qualys Virtual
Scanner User Guide. You can download the latest version from the online help.
35

Planning Appliance Installation

Review the sections below for assistance with planning for appliance installation.
Network Configuration Requirements

The Qualys Scanner Appliance has the following network requirements.
Outbound HTTPS Access
The local network must be configured to allow outbound https

(port 443) access to the Internet, so that the Scanner Appliance
can communicate with the Qualys platform.
Accessibility of Target IPs
The IP addresses for the hosts to be scanned must be accessible

to the Scanner Appliance. This is particularly important if your
network is designed with VLANs.
Proxy Support
VLANs, Static Routes and

IPv6 Support
The Scanner Appliance includes Proxy support with or

without authentication basic or NTLM. The Proxy server
must be assigned a static IP address and must allow
transparent SSL tunneling. Proxy-level termination (as
implemented in SSL bridging, for example) is not supported.
Supported on all platforms except Amazon EC2/VPC.
Network Traffic Options

The Qualys Scanner Appliance traffic connections are established from the Scanner
Appliance to the Qualys platform over HTTPS port 443 and secured with SSL. There are
two network traffic configurations: Standard and Split.
In the Standard network configuration, which is enabled by default, the LAN connector
services both scanning traffic and management traffic to the Qualys platform.
In the Split network configuration, the Scanner Appliance separates scanning traffic and
management traffic, using both the LAN and WAN connectors. No internal traffic is
routed or bridged to the WAN port, and no management traffic is routed or bridged to
the LAN port.
The Scanner Appliance implements logical separation of scanning traffic and
management traffic, regardless of which configuration option is used. Management
traffic includes updates to software and vulnerability signatures, ensuring the overall
health of the appliance, as well as data related to processing security audits.
36

Scanning and Firewalls

Executing a scan or map against a device shielded by a firewall is a common operation.
Every day the Qualys scanning engine executes thousands of scans and maps in network
topologies that protect their servers with firewalls without any issues. Problems can arise
when the scan traffic is routed through the firewall from the inside out, i.e. when the
Scanner Appliance is sitting in the protected network area and scans a target which is
located on the other side of the firewall. Many modern firewalls are configured to track
connections, maintain NAT and ARP tables and a scan operation against a large set of
targets can overload these tables. The consequences of such overflows are varied and
range from slowdown of the firewall functions to a complete crash.
We recommend placing Scanner Appliances in your network topology in a way that
scanning and mapping through a firewall from the inside out is avoided if possible. If
not, we recommend you perform your own assessment testing on your network to
validate the impact to your firewall. The accuracy of your scan may also be impacted so
you should compare expected results against the detailed results provided in your
Qualys reports. Its possible this can be service impacting as the scan results might differ.
Custom VLANs for VLAN Trunking

Qualys gives users the ability to configure Scanner Appliances with custom VLANs to
support VLAN trunking on the LAN interface for scanning traffic. Using the LCD
interface, you can define one VLAN configuration per appliance. Using the Qualys web
application, you can define up to 99 VLANs and 99 static routes for each appliance. When
a VLAN configuration is provided and the appliance is properly configured with a Static
IP network configuration, the appliance adds a VLAN tag to all scanning packets
following the 802.1Q tagging protocol. The VLAN tag designates which VLAN the traffic
should be routed to the hosts being scanned.
37

Managing Your Appliances
MANAGING YOUR APPLIANCES

Upon completion of the 3-Step Quick Start, a Scanner Appliance is installed in the
subscription account and it appears in your scanner appliances list. Go to Scans >
Appliances to view your scanner appliances list. This is where you manage your
appliances.
BEST PRACTICES
Check Scanner Appliance Status before you start scanning. Check the scanner
appliance status within your Qualys account to be sure the status is online and the most
recent heartbeat check performed by the service was successful for the appliances in your
account.
Evaluate which Scanner Appliances to add to which Asset Groups. Once installed a
Scanner Appliance is available to all Managers. Other users (Unit Managers, Scanners,
Readers) must be granted access to Scanner Appliances. To do this you add the
appliances to asset groups and then assign the groups to users accounts and/or business
units.
ROLLOUT STEPS
View your Scanner Appliances. View and manage Scanner Appliances in your Qualys
account from the scanner appliances list.
Check out the Scanner Capacity Chart. This chart shows the percentage of used
capacity for the appliance over the past 7 days. Also the service calculates a capacity
trend so you can track usage over time.
Grant users access to Scanner Appliance. Only Managers can view/access newly
installed Scanner Appliances. See Assign Scanner Appliances to Asset Groups and
Grant Users Access to Scanner Appliances.
38

View Your Scanner Appliances

The Appliances list helps you understand the status of each appliance and to see
available capacity for scanning.
1) Readiness for Scanning.

indicates that the scanner appliance is currently connected
to the New Scanner Services and is ready to process scans. You can also see whether the
appliance is currently busy with a scan.
indicates the appliance is busy.
2) Appliance Type.
indicates that the scanner appliance is a physical appliance.
indicates a virtual appliance. Mouse over any icon for details.
3) Appliance Summary. The summary includes the number of heartbeat checks missed,
and the latest software versions of the scanning engine and vulnerably signatures. If the
appliance does not have the latest software installed then youll see a yellow indicator
next to the version.
4) Understand the Available Capacity. Youll see the amount of capacity currently
available for the appliance. This helps you better understand which scanner appliances
get the most use and which appliances are available for scanning. Available Capacity
appears only in accounts with New Scanner Services enabled.
39

Check Out the Scanner Capacity Chart

You can see the Scanner Capacity chart by going to the appliance information window
(select Info from the Quick Actions menu). The chart shows the percentage of used
capacity for the appliance over the past 7 days. (Note this chart appears only when New
Scanner Services is enabled for your account.)
The Scanner Capacity chart shows the capacity of the appliance within the past 7 days,
calculated in 15 minute increments. Place your cursor over any point in the chart to see
the used capacity for that moment in time, expressed as a percentage. For example Used
Capacity: 18% means the appliance used 18% of its capacity and 82% of its capacity was
available at that time. Youll see the date and time the capacity was calculated.
A trend line shows you the capacity trend, calculated in 6 hour intervals. Every 6 hours
the service takes an average of the used capacity and shows this in the middle of a 6 hour
window. For example, for the period 3pm to 9pm the average appears at 6pm. Average
over 6 hours: 10% means the average of the used capacity was 10% and 90% of its
capacity was available for the 6 hour window.
40

Take Actions on Appliances

A Manager views all Scanner Appliances installed by all users in the subscription. A Unit
Manager, Scanner and Reader views the Scanner Appliances available in their account.
Use the Quick Actions menu (in the data list row) to
view scanner appliance information and make
changes to its settings.
Scanner Appliance Information

Select Quick Actions > View to view appliance information. Under General Information
youll see the appliance friendly name, polling interval, serial number, status and
heartbeat check setting. The service automatically performs a heartbeat check every 4
hours to determine if the appliance is online and able to contact the Qualys platform.
Additional sections show LAN settings, WAN settings, proxy settings, users granted
access to the appliance, asset groups containing the appliance, installed software versions
and user-defined comments.
41

Edit Scanner Appliance

Select Quick Actions > Edit to edit appliance settings. Managers have the ability to edit
the settings for all appliances in the subscription. Unit Managers have the ability to edit
the settings for appliances in their business unit.
Versions and Automatic Updates

Scanner Appliance software is distributed automatically by the service several times a
day. Both vulnerability signatures (including vulnerability and compliance checks) and
scanner components are updated automatically. For this reason, you do not need to take
any action to update software versions. When an automatic software update is in
progress, the S2 LED on the Scanner Appliance front panel is lit. The first time you
complete the Quick Start to install a Scanner Appliance on your network, the S2 LED on
the front panel is lit while the first software update occurs. It is recommended to wait
until the S2 LED light is off, when it is safe to run maps and scans.
When editing Scanner Appliance settings in Qualys, you can request a software update if
the appliance is not updated with the latest software versions.
42

Versions include: Vulnerability Signatures, Scanner (scanning engine software), and

Software (Scanner Appliance system software, installed on the appliance itself).
Under Versions, when the installed software version is current, a green check mark ( )
appears next to the components. When the software version is not current and a new
version is available, a red strike mark ( ) appears and you have the option to click the
Update Now button to start the software update. Depending on your network load and
download file sizes, the time it takes to update the software will vary.
Assign Scanner Appliances to Asset Groups

Assigning Scanner Appliances to asset groups in the Qualys web application allows you
to manage which Scanner Appliances are used to scan which target IPs. It also provides a
way for you to make Scanner Appliances available to user accounts with limited
privileges (Scanners, Readers, Unit Managers).
For large enterprises, the scanner parallelization feature may be used to increase scan
speed when asset groups are defined with Scanner Appliances and IP addresses. See
Scanner Parallelization on page 99 for details.
Where do I manage my asset groups? Go to Hosts > Asset Groups. From there you can
add a new asset group or or edit an existing one. In the asset group wizard, go to the
Scanner Appliances section and move appliances to Scanner Appliances Added to
Group.
Need help with organizing your assets? See Asset Categorization and Workflows in
Chapter 3 where we discuss how to use Qualys to identify, prioritize and classify assets
into asset groups.
43

Grant Users Access to Scanner Appliances

Manager users are granted access to a newly installed Scanner Appliance automatically.
Other users (Unit Managers, Scanners, Readers) are not granted access to a newly
installed Scanner Appliance without authorization. Initially, these users do not view the
Scanner Appliance when they log into their accounts.
How to Grant Access to Unassigned Users

Unassigned users are users are assigned to the Unassigned business unit - these users
will have the Scanner or Reader role. Just follow these steps (Manager role is required):
1
Add the Scanner Appliance to one or more asset groups.
Assign the asset groups containing the Scanner Appliance to each user account.
You need to edit each users account and add the asset groups to the users
Assigned Asset Groups list.
How to Grant Access to Users in Business Unit

Just follow these steps (Manager role is required for some or all steps):
1
Manager: Add the Scanner Appliance to one or more asset groups.
Manager: Add the asset groups containing the Scanner Appliance to the target
business unit. This grants Unit Managers access to the appliance.
Manager or Unit Manager: Assign the asset groups containing the Scanner
Appliance to each user account. You need to edit each users account and add the
asset groups to the users Assigned Asset Groups list.
Multiple Scanner Appliances and Business Units

Its best practice for effective global management to follow the steps below (the user role
required for each step is indicated):
44
Manager: Add a master asset group for each business unit, where each master asset
group contains all IPs and domains for an individual business unit. Since these
asset groups are created by a Manager, they can be edited only by Manager users.
Note Scanner Appliances will be added to these asset groups later in Step 6.
Manager: Add business units by adding a master asset group to each.
Manager: Add the first Unit Manager to each business unit.
Manager or Unit Manager: Add more users to each business unit. Unit Managers
have the ability to add additional users (Unit Managers, Scanners, Readers) to their
assigned business unit.

Manager or Unit Manager: Install Scanner Appliances. After completing this step,
only Managers have privileges to view and manage the appliances.
Manager: Assign Scanner Appliances installed in Step 5 to the master asset group
for each business unit. Completing this step makes the Scanner Appliances for each
business unit available to Unit Managers.
Manager or Unit Manager: Manage the installed Scanner Appliances assigned to a

business unit. A Manager can manage all appliances assigned to all business units.
A Unit Manager can manage appliances assigned to their own business unit.
Replace Scanner Appliance

The Replace Scanner Appliance workflow allows easy replacement of scanner appliances
and their settings. This workflow for replacing a scanner appliance performs bulk
migration of all scanner settings to the new scanner appliance.
Permissions: This workflow is available to Managers and Unit Managers. Managers have
the ability to replace any scanner appliance in the subscription. Unit Managers have the
ability to replace any scanner appliance assigned to their business unit.
A few things to consider

The new Scanner Appliance must be installed in your account. Scanner Appliance
Installation and Setup for assistance.
It's recommended that you do not replace a scanner appliance while scans are in progress
since these scan. Running and paused/resumed scans will not be updated to use the new
appliance. The service will attempt to complete these scans using the old appliance.
Tell me the steps

1
Go to Scans > Appliances.
Select New > Replace Scanner Appliance.
45

46
Under Replace Scanner Appliance, choose the old and new scanner appliance and
click Replace. Important: If the new appliance is currently defined in asset groups
and scheduled tasks, then it will be removed from those business objects.
Review the warning message and then click the View Report button to see the
scanner appliance settings to be migrated to the new appliance.
Review the Replace Scanner Appliance Report. Its recommended that you do not
replace a scanner appliance if scans are running.
Close the report and click the Replace button.
3
VULNERABILITY SCANNING
Getting started with security auditing involves learning about Qualys security audits
and developing an approach to security auditing that will meet your organizations
network security goals. Typically multiple users participate in security auditing. Its
important to demonstrate the value of Qualys to gain the trust and confidence of the
operating teams and outsourcers. The best way to do this is to support them in their
first experiences with security auditing and to provide them with guidelines, which
are the focus of this chapter.
Qualys gives users the ability to learn more about their network environment first,
before launching security audits on an enterprise scale. In fact this is reported by
many customers with successful rollouts as an ingredient for their success with their
rollout project. This chapter discusses network discovery and workflow features that
are designed to assist users with learning more about their networks.
To get started with security auditing in the quickest time, please complete the
following activities in the order presented:
NETWORK DISCOVERY
ASSET CATEGORIZATION AND WORKFLOWS
YOUR FIRST SCANS
VULNERABILITY KNOWLEDGEBASE
CUSTOMIZING SCANS
CURRENT HOST INFORMATION

Network Discovery
NETWORK DISCOVERY
Network discovery produces a baseline map of your network infrastructure from which
you can identify and categorize assets. Depending on your network, there may be more
than one network domain to discover.
The network discovery feature identifies network devices and reports comprehensive
information about them. Starting with a domain name you supply such as
mycompany.com, the service uses the domains DNS to discover hosts and gather
information about hosts. Map results are available in both text and graphic formats.
BEST PRACTICES
Perform network analysis before you begin. Perform network analysis with the
Security and Network teams at the outset of the project to produce a working inventory
of your organizations assets.
Use Qualys mapping to understand your network. Use the Qualys mapping feature
to produce a map of your network and learn about the devices it contains. Check the map
results and compare against your own asset inventory.
ROLLOUT STEPS
View the domains in your account in the Domain Assets section. Run an on demand map
for a target domain using the profile Initial Options and view the map results. To make
the maps manageable, you may choose to run multiple maps on separate network
segments. Then schedule one or more maps to run weekly, and run differential reports to
measure network changes.
Figure 3-1. Network Discovery workflow

48

Network Discovery
Launch a Map
Go to Scans > Maps. Then select New > Map.
In the Launch Map window, enter a map title, select an option profile (the profile "Initial
Options" is recommended to get started) and map targets under Target Domains. For the
map target, you may specify any combination of IPs/ranges, domains and asset groups.
When Scanner Appliances are in your account, select a scanner option on the Scanner
Appliance menu. Click Launch to start the map.
For each map request, well create one or more maps, depending on the map targets you
specify. When multiple maps are created, theyll share the same map title.
49

Network Discovery
You can track the maps progress on the Maps tab. Youll see the status Running when the
map is in progress, and the status Finished indicates the map has completed. You can
cancel a map in progress at any time by selecting the map (row) and then selecting
Actions > Cancel.
View Map Results

From the maps list you can view map results when the map status is Finished. To view
map results, go to the maps list (go to Scans > Maps). Mouse over a map (row), click
and then select View from the Quick Actions menu. A Report Summary is followed by a
Results section with information on discovered hosts.
Host indicators in the Results section provide additional host information. A - Approved
host for the domain. S - Scannable host, already in the subscription. L - Host was alive at
time of discovery. N - Host in the domains netblock. In the Hosts section, you can view
host details for each discovered host.
Click the right arrow next to any host to view a list of open services on the host. Youll
find the discovery method used to detect each service along with the port that the service
was found to be running on (if available).
For a scannable host, click the host IP address to view detailed, current host information.
50

Network Discovery
View Map Results - Graphic Mode

Go to View > Graphic Mode from the menu at the top of your report. Qualys will prepare
a graphical representation of the map in a separate window. Here is an example:
Click on any host in the map to see details in the Preview pane (below). Youll see basic
information on the discovered host, its OS, and how it was identified:
51

Network Discovery
Map Settings
Target Domains
Each time you launch or schedule a map, you specify one or more map targets in the
Target Domains section. You may specify any combination of registered domains, IP
addresses/ranges, and asset groups. When you select an asset group for the map target,
you have the option to map the domains and/or the IPs defined in the asset group.
When multiple map targets are submitted in a single map request, well automatically
create multiple map reports - 1 report for each registered domain and for each group of
IPs. For example, if you enter 2 registered domains, then well create 2 map reports. If
you enter 2 registered domains plus a range of IPs, then well create 3 map reports. All of
the maps created from a single request will share the same map title. The Targets column
in your Maps list identifies the registered domain name or the IP addresses/ranges
included in each map report.
What are netblocks? When your map target is a registered domain, netblocks are used to
expand the scope of discovery beyond the domain itself - the IPs in the netblocks are
included in the discovery process and resulting maps. When your map target is the
special none domain, discovery is limited to the user-configured IPs/ranges.
Tell me about using the none domain. First define the none domain is defined with
IPs/ranges in your account, add the none domain to asset groups, and then launch
maps on this domain. We recommend these option profile settings for the scan: Perform
Live Host Sweep and Exclude Hosts Only Discovered via DNS.
Option Profile
Your network scan (map) configuration settings are defined in an option profile. We
recommend the profile Initial Options to get started with your first maps. You may
choose to customize this profile. See Option Profile Settings and the online help for
details.
52

Network Discovery
Scanner Selection
External scanners are available for mapping external domains. When there are Scanner
Appliances in your account, you select a scanner option for internal scanning from the
Scanner Appliance menu. Note that you need to use a Scanner Appliance to create maps
for internal domains (those with private use internal IPs).
Option
Description
External
This option is set by default when there are no Scanner

Appliances in your account. Select this option to use
external scanners for external (perimeter) mapping.
Scanner Appliance name
Select a Scanner Appliance name to use the scanner for

internal mapping.
Default
Select this option to use the default scanner feature. When

selected, the service uses the default scanner in each target
asset group to map the groups domains. The map task is
distributed across various scanners and when mapping is
complete the service compiles a separate map report for
each domain.
About Network Discovery

When a target domain is provided, the discovery process begins by using the target
domains DNS to find as many hosts within that domain as possible. Then information is
gathered about each identified host.
The following methods are used to find hosts within the specified domain:
The service identifies the Name Server (NS), and then sends a request to list all the
hosts managed by the NS. Note that this request is not always allowed and may be
forbidden by the administrator.
Using a proprietary list of roughly 100 common names, such as www or ftp, to form
a list of Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN), the service queries the NS to find
the IP address assigned to each FQDN.
The service sequentially checks IP addresses provided as netblocks in the domain

specification, if any.
After hosts are identified, the service determines whether hosts are alive and gathers
information about the hosts, such as information about the operating system and routers
detected on each host. Operating system detection is mainly based on TCP/IP stack
fingerprinting. Multiple information gathering methods may be employed. Note that the
precise methods used relate to the option profile configuration.
53

Network Discovery
Network discovery is a dynamic process that involves two main events: host discovery
and basic information gathering. The standard behavior for these events is described
below. The service enables this standard behavior in new option profiles, including the
Initial Options profile. You can modify this standard behavior by creating or editing an
option profile and applying the profile to the map request.
Host Discovery
Upon receiving a map request for a registered domain, Qualys gathers data from public
records to identify hosts using various methods including Whois lookups, DNS zone
transfer, and DNS brute force. The service then checks availability of the hosts in the
target domain. For each host, the service checks whether the host is connected to the
network, whether it has been shut down and whether it forbids all Internet connections.
The service pings each target host using a combination of TCP, UDP, and ICMP probes
based on the option profile configuration. If these probes trigger at least one response
from the host, the host is considered alive and the service proceeds to the next event as
described in Basic Information Gathering on Hosts below. If a host is found to be not
alive, discovery stops for that host.
The types of probes sent to hosts and the list of ports scanned during host discovery are
configurable as additional options (Additional section) in the option profile. With the
standard options enabled, the service sends probes to TCP, UDP, and ICMP ports for
common services, such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, DNS and NetBIOS.
Basic Information Gathering on Hosts

The service attempts to identify the operating system installed on each host, and scans
standard TCP ports to determine which ports are open. Note that by performing basic
information gathering, additional scan tests are launched, which may result in the
detection of additional devices, such as routers.
The type of hosts scanned (all hosts, registered hosts, netblock hosts, or none) and the list
of ports scanned for open port detection and operating system detection are configurable
as map options (Map section) in the option profile. With the standard options enabled,
the service scans 13 standard TCP ports for common services.
54

Asset Categorization and Workflows
ASSET CATEGORIZATION AND WORKFLOWS

Qualys provides the workflow needed to research, identify and classify the assets that
you want to scan and monitor for security issues.
User definable asset groups allow users to prioritize assets. Each asset group consists of
IPs for scanning, domains for network discovery, and optionally Scanner Appliances for
internal scanning of private use internal IPs.
Key features of asset groups are:
- Logical asset grouping. By organizing assets into logical asset groups, you can control
the scope of your scans, making scan results and remediation tasks more manageable.
- Assign business value to assets. A business impact level assigned to each asset group
identifies asset criticality. The higher the impact level, the higher the potential for
business loss if compromised. An asset groups impact level is used to calculate business
risk in reporting.
- Track business risk by asset group. This gives users flexibility in managing cases where
assets in a subscription have different business priorities, possibly even different
priorities when devices are a part of multiple applications and/or business units.
BEST PRACTICES
Perform network analysis before you begin. As a reminder to one of our best practices
under Network Discovery, be sure to perform network analysis with the Security and
Network teams to produce a working inventory of the organizations assets. Your
analysis will assist with prioritizing assets using Qualys.
Use discovery scans (maps). Use the Qualys mapping feature to understand the assets
on your network and to assist with prioritizing those assets.
Use a phased approach to asset prioritization. Our customers with successful rollouts
use a phased approach that is integrated with their Qualys security management
program:
Phase 1. Define initial asset groups. Typically customers define by location, function,
importance, or ownership and assign user responsibility following steps in
Chapter 1, Rollout First Steps.
Phase 2. Run first scans following steps in Your First Scans. Update asset groups
based on findings from first maps and scans.
Phase 3. Run trend reports to identify network changes and update asset groups
based on the findings.
55

Some of our customers that have completed successful rollouts offer this advice:
Consider your reporting goals and check that your asset groups will meet your
reporting needs.
Customer quote: Trend reporting works well when you scan the same hosts every
week. If the hosts change from week to week, the trend results are not meaningful.
Customer quote: I would have had better, more meaningful reports more quickly,
if I had setup asset groups differently from the start of my project.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Add Asset Groups that reflect business operations. Based on your network analysis,
create asset groups and assign business priority to them accordingly. Asset groups
should be defined according to network segments, business units, asset location and
function. You have the option to use the Qualys workflow to first discover assets and
then add them to asset groups.
Take Workflow Actions. From a map report, take workflow actions to manage hosts on
your network. For example, you can take workflow actions to add hosts to asset groups
and add hosts to the subscription so that they can be scanned.
Assign Scanner Appliances to asset groups. When Scanner Appliances will be used,
be sure to assign the Scanner Appliances to the appropriate asset groups. This will allow
users to run distributed scans across multiple Scanner Appliances on asset groups that
include Scanner Appliances.
Add a New Asset Group

When viewing map results, the service provides a workflow making it easy for you to
add hosts listed in your map results to a new asset group. You may select hosts that are
Scannable, meaning that they already exist in your account. The S indicator in the
right-side legend indicates that these hosts are scannable. To select hosts, select the check
box next to each scannable host you want to add.
56

After selecting hosts, go to the Actions menu at the top of your report window and select
Add to a new Asset Group from the drop-down menu, and then click Apply.
The asset group wizard appears and you will notice the IPs you selected are assigned to
the asset group automatically. Use the IPs section to add IPs, the Domains section to add
domains, and the Business/CVSS Info section to assign business impact values. When
there are Scanner Appliances in your account, use the Scanner Appliances section to add
appliances.
The Scanner Appliances section for a sample asset group appears in Chapter 2 in the
section Scanner Appliance Installation and Setup.
The Business Info section is where you specify an impact level used to calculate business
risk in scan status reports (automatic). The impact level High is assigned automatically
for a new asset group.
When CVSS Scoring is enabled for the subscription, CVSS metrics appear and you can
assign values. The CVSS metrics are used to calculate CVSS scores for vulnerabilities in
scan status reports. For a new asset group, the service sets these values to Not Defined
by default, following the CVSS Version 2 standards.
57

More information on business risk and CVSS scoring in reports is covered in the next
chapter in Enterprise Reporting.
58

Taking Workflow Actions

Workflow actions allow you to take actions on selected hosts. When viewing map results,
the Actions drop-down menu allows you to take several actions on selected hosts. The
same workflow actions are available in map reports (using map templates) and other
UI views such as the Asset Search Report and the Risk Analysis Report. Some actions are
also available when viewing Host Assets and Domain Assets.
Add to a new Asset Group. Add selected hosts to a new asset group.
Add to Asset Groups. Add selected hosts to one or more asset groups.
Remove from Asset Groups. Remove selected hosts from one or more asset groups.
Launch Vulnerability Scan. Launch an on demand vulnerability scan on selected hosts.
Launch Compliance Scan. Launch an on demand compliance scan on selected
compliance hosts (policy compliance module required).
Schedule Vulnerability Scan. Add a scheduled vulnerability scan on selected hosts.
Schedule Compliance Scan. Add a scheduled compliance scan on selected compliance
hosts (policy compliance module required).
Edit. Edit selected hosts. You may edit the tracking method (IP address, DNS, NetBIOS),
owner, host attributes and comments.
Purge. Purge selected hosts. When you take this action on selected hosts, the service
deletes all vulnerability information (from vulnerability scans) and compliance
information (from compliance scans). Deleted information is not recoverable and is not
displayed in the UI and reports. The action to purge hosts is available to all Managers. It
is available to other users when granted this permission on an individual basis.
Add to Subscription. Add selected hosts to the subscription. This action is available to
Managers. Unit Managers may be granted this permission.
59

Unknown Device Report

The approved hosts list includes hosts approved for a domain according to your security
policy. When defined, this list is used to identify rogue devices in the Unknown Device
Report. This report is generated from map results in your account.
The approved hosts list is configured by editing a domain. When you run the Unknown
Device Report on a domain with approved hosts, the host results section shows which
hosts are approved. To run this report, go to Reports > Templates and mouse over the
template (row) for Unknown Device Report, click
and then select Run from the
Quick Actions menu. Follow the prompts to select report settings and then click Run.
A sample Unknown Device Report is below. The summary section shows that the report
compares two map results. The results section indicates the host status (Active, Added,
Removed) in the Status column.
60

Your First Scans
YOUR FIRST SCANS

Vulnerability scans analyze your network for vulnerabilities, using the Vulnerability
KnowledgeBase hosted by the service, the industrys largest and most comprehensive
database of vulnerability signatures. Compliance scans may be performed when the
policy compliance module is enabled in the subscription and the user has compliance
management privileges. Compliance scans analyze your network using a library of
technical controls hosted by the service. The option profile applied to each scan identifies
customizable scan settings. See Customizing Scans.
BEST PRACTICES
Important! Do not scan your entire network at first. Instead start with a host, then a
few hosts, move to a subnet or organizational unit, and then to an entire Class B or
Class C. By limiting the scope of your first scans your scan results and remediation tasks
are manageable. When you want to scan multiple IPs, use asset groups or asset tags as
scan targets, instead of individual IPs.
Here are rollout steps for first scans that are used by several customers with successful
rollout projects:
1
Select an option profile. For a vulnerability scan, we recommend Initial Options

to get started. You can configure option profiles to customize scans. See
Customizing Scans.
Scan 1 host and review the scan results.
Scan 1 subnet and review the scan results.
Determine which IP assets you want to scan on a regular basis, including

workstations and all network devices including printers, routers, switches, servers,
and wireless access points. Then create asset groups with these assets, or assign
tags to them (use the AM application).
Scan your asset groups or asset tags and review the scan results.
Review your initial scan reports with management. This is an important step to
ensure your continued success with Qualys within the organization.
Take steps towards setting expectations. While offering many tremendous benefits,
scanning for security vulnerabilities can have potential impact to certain systems and
configurations. Keep in mind that there can be issues with software not reported to the
public or issues that we are not aware of. Its recommended that you review the known
issues covered in the Qualys document Potential Impact to Systems that is available in
the Resources section (go to Help > Resources > Qualys Support). Publicizing this
document to all parties involved will help to gain the trust and confidence of operating
61

Your First Scans
teams and outsourcers. Our experience is that executive support of your security and
compliance program and corporate communications to the parties involved in advance
of your first scans is an advantage, leading to successful experience with scanning.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Launch Scans. The scan feature allows you to test the security of one or more hosts
identified in your map report. By launching a scan on a selected host, youll receive a
detailed scan report with the vulnerabilities detected on the target host.
Figure 3-2. Scan workflow

Run scans on asset groups. Before running scans define asset groups based on the host
identification and prioritization steps youve already taken.
Select option profile. When launching a scan youll be required to select an option
profile with scan settings. Its recommended that you use the initial option profile
provided by the service (for a vulnerability scan) to get started. You can create custom
profiles with different settings. For trusted scanning, enable authentication in a profile
and add authentication records with login credentials. See Customizing Scans.
62

Your First Scans
Review initial scan results. As you are getting started, pay close attention to your scan
results so that you can refine your scans and possibly your asset groups to best suit your
organizations needs. Next steps will involve setting up scheduled scans on your asset
groups so that scans run automatically and new scan results are available for reporting.
See Add Scheduled Scans and Maps in the next chapter.
Select Scan Notification

You can opt in to receive the Scan Complete Notification by editing your account under
Notification Options. You can select On or Off for Scan Complete Notification and
On or Off for Scan Summary Notification (vulnerability scans only).
63

Your First Scans
Launch Vulnerability Scan

Select Scans from the top menu. Then from the scans list, select New > Scan.
In the Launch Vulnerability Scan window, enter a title for tracking (optional) and select
target hosts (asset groups and/or IP addresses). For Option Profile, we recommend
Initial Options to get started (see Option Profile Settings). When there are Scanner
Appliances in your account, select a scanner option (see Scanner Appliance Setting).
Click Launch to start the scan.
Youll notice you can select asset tags as target hosts when Asset Tagging has been added
to your account and you have accepted the New Data Security Model (go to Users >
Setup > Security for information).
The scan status window appears automatically to show you the scan job status. You can
safely close this window and open again from the scans list.
64

Your First Scans
Scan Status
You can easily track a scan and its status by going to the scans list. The solid icon
tells
you all scan results have been processed and these results are available for reporting. The
next time you create a scan report (based on automatic data) the scan results from the
scan will be included. Also youll see the scan results throughout the application.
1) Scan Status Icons. A solid icon (filled-in) means all results available for the scan have
been processed, meaning the host scan data (Auto data) has been updated throughout
the application, and these results are available for reporting. A hollow icon means results
processing is in progress. When a scan is finished and the results have been processed,
youll see . If the results processing is in progress, youll see . You can always mouse
over an icon to see the scan status.
2) Summary in the Preview Pane. The summary includes the number of hosts scanned
and the number of appliances used. For a vulnerability scan you also see the number of
vulnerabilities detected. A summary statement gives you the status of the scan and
whether the results have been processed. In the example above, the scan is finished and
all results from the scan have been processed. There were a total of 3 hosts scanned and 6
vulnerabilities detected. Also, if your scan was interrupted or if there was a scan error,
such as the scanner appliance was unavailable, then youll see the error returned.
3) View Summary. Click this link to see the current status of the scan and details about
scanner usage, including which scanners were used to scan target hosts. Note that the
Scanners section is only visible in accounts with New Scanner Services enabled.
65

Your First Scans
Click on the Scanners section and expand details for a scan segment to see which
scanners (external scanners and/or scanner appliances) were used to scan hosts. In the
following example, the external scanner with IP 10.10.21.120 was used to scan 3 hosts.
When a scanner appliance is used, the scanners friendly name appears
4) View Results. Click this link to open the Scan Results report. Youll notice that you can
also get to the results by clicking the View Results button in the Scan Status window.
Take Actions on Scans

You can easily take actions on scans in the scans list. To act on multiple scans select the
check boxes next to the scans and then select an option from the Actions menu (above the
list). To act on a single scan, hover of a scan, click
and then select an action from the
Quick Actions menu.
Pause / Resume. Select to pause a scan in progress, or resume a paused scan. When a
scan is paused, scan results for hosts already scanned are saved. The scan remains paused
until a user resumes or cancels the task (note the service cancels a paused scan
automatically after 10 days). Once resumed, the remaining hosts will be scanned and all
scan results will be combined into one scan results report.
Cancel. Select to cancel a scan in progress.
Delete. Select to delete one or more saved scans. Once deleted the saved scan results are
not longer available for viewing and reporting.
View. Select to view scan results in HTML format for a finished scan, or scan status for a
running scan.
Download. Select to download scan results in: PDF, HTML (.zip), MHT, XML or CSV.
Relaunch. Select to rescan a selected scan without having to enter the scan settings again.
You will have the option to override the previous settings before relaunching.
66

Your First Scans
Scan Complete Email for Vulnerability Scan

The Scan Complete email notification is sent when the scan status is Finished and you
have turned on the option Scan Complete Notification in your account under
Notification Options. Each email includes a scan summary and a secure link to the saved
scan results report.
A sample Scan Complete email for a vulnerability scan is below showing vulnerability
counts and trends. (For the first scan of a host in your subscription, there will be no trend
information.)
From: Qualys Support
To: jkim@qualys.com
Date: Mon, Jun 04, 2014 at 10:44 AM
Subject: Qualys: Scan Completed
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email scan summary by Qualys

Scan Title (Status) : My First Scan
Start Date
: 06/04/2014 at 09:59:22 (GMT-0700)
Duration
: 00:04:38
Target Groups
: No Group
Hosts Scanned : 1
Active Hosts
:1
Option Profile
: Initial Options
Launched By
Company
Launch Type
: Jason Kim (quays_ak12)

: Qualys, Inc.
: On demand
Scan Status
Next Action
: Finished
: None
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Summary of discovered Vulnerabilities (Trend)

Severity 5 "Urgent" : 1 (-8)
Severity 4 "Critical" : 2 (-15)
Severity 3 "Serious" : 7 (-13)
Severity 2 "Medium" : 5 (-11)
Severity 1 "Minimal" : 1 (-3)
Total
: 16
Summary of Potential Vulnerabilities
67

Your First Scans
Severity 5 "Urgent"
Severity 4 "Critical"
Severity 3 "Serious"
Severity 2 "Medium"
Severity 1 "Minimal"
Total
:3
:1
:0
:2
:0
(+3)
(+1)
(=)
(-2)
(-1)
:6
Summary of Information Gathered

Severity 3 "Serious" : 4
Severity 2 "Medium" : 6
Severity 1 "Minimal" : 16
Total
: 26
(+)(-)(=): Difference with previous detection for each host/vulnerability pair. For a complete explanation
of trend information, refer to the online help.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Click here to view your full scan report:
https://qualysguard.qualys.com/fo/report/report_view.php?ref=scan/1309378087.24272&authfirst=true&em=1
For more information, please email your primary contact:

mailto:nwood@qualys.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(c) Copyright 1999-2014 Qualys, Inc. All rights reserved.
http://www.qualys.com
68

Your First Scans
View Scan Results

To view scan results for a completed scan (scan with status Finished), go to the scans list
(go to Scans). Mouse over a scan (row), click
and then select View from the Quick
Actions menu. The scan results appears in a new window. Use the File menu to print the
results and download to your file system in these formats: PDF, HTML, MHT and XML.
The service uses pre-defined settings for displaying scan results and those settings are
not customizable.
The Report Summary gives a summary the scan task. Additional sections in the
vulnerability scan results provide details about the vulnerabilities detected. Scrolling
down, the Summary of Vulnerabilities is followed by Detailed Results.
69

Your First Scans
The Summary of Vulnerabilities includes graphs.
70

Your First Scans
Detailed Results
Detailed Results show a list of detected vulnerabilities sorted by host and characterized
by operating system. The severity level icon is Red for a Confirmed vulnerability, Yellow
for a Potential Vulnerability, and Blue for information gathered (see the Appendix for
descriptions of the vulnerabilities and severity levels).
Click on a vulnerability title to see vulnerability details. THREAT is a description of the
threat posed by the vulnerability, IMPACT describes the impact of the vulnerability if
exploited, and SOLUTION is a verified solution for the issue provided by the service.
Scrolling down further, additional details may be provided.
Compliance
COMPLIANCE information describes various government and industry-specific
regulations that are associated with a detected vulnerability.
71

Your First Scans
Exploitability
EXPLOITABILIITY information may appear with vulnerability details. Qualys correlates
exploitability information from third party vendors and/or publicly available sources to
provide up to date references to exploits and related security sources. Exploitability
information enables users to perform risk-oriented analysis of vulnerabilities and to
further prioritize their remediation plans. Sample EXPLOITABILITY section:
Associated Malware
ASSOCIATED MALWARE information may appear with vulnerability details. Qualys
correlates malware information with Qualys-detected vulnerabilities when malware
threats for vulnerabilities are published in the Trend Micro Threat Encyclopedia. This
correlation allows users to prioritize and filter vulnerabilities so that they can get
actionable information to administrators for remediation of vulnerabilities that can lead
to malware infections. Sample MALWARE section:
Results
RESULTS shows scan test results returned by the scanning engine, if any. Sample section:
72

Your First Scans
About Scanning Events

Qualys has minimal impact on your network since its inference-based scanning engine
intelligently runs only tests applicable to each target host.
Vulnerability canning is a dynamic process that involves several main events. The
standard behavior for these events is described below. You can modify this behavior by
customizing an option profile and applying the profile to the scan request.
Host Discovery. The service checks availability of target hosts. For each host, the service
checks whether the host is connected to the Internet, whether it has been shut down and
whether it forbids all Internet connections. The service pings each target host using
ICMP, TCP, and UDP probes. The TCP and UDP probes are sent to default ports for
common services on each host, such as DNS, TELNET, SMTP, HTTP and SNMP. If these
probes trigger at least one response from the host, the host is considered alive. If the
host is not alive then the scan process will not proceed. The types of probes sent and
the list of ports scanned during host discovery are configurable in the option profile
applied to the scan.
After host discovery, these events occur dynamically: port scanning, operating system
detection, service discovery and authentication to hosts.
Port Scanning. The service finds open TCP and UDP ports on target hosts. The list of
TCP and UDP ports scanned is configurable in the option profile.
Operating System Detection. The service attempts to identify the operating system
installed on target hosts. This is accomplished through TCP/IP stack fingerprinting,
OS fingerprinting on redirected ports, and is enhanced by additional information
gathered, such as NetBIOS information gathering.
Service Discovery. When a TCP or UDP port is reported as open, the scanning service
uses several discovery methods to identify which service is running on the port, and
confirms the type of service running to obtain the most accurate data.
Authentication. The service authenticates to target hosts. Authentication to hosts is
optional for a vulnerability scan. For a vulnerability scan with authentication enabled,
the service authenticates to target hosts based on the selected authentication types in the
option profile and the authentication records in the user account. If authentication to a
host is not successful, the service performs vulnerability assessment without
authentication. (Note: For a compliance scan, authentication is required.)
Assessment. The assessment scanning event occurs after all previous events. The
service begins vulnerability assessment using the information gathered about each target
host in the previous scanning steps. The service scans for all vulnerabilities in the
KnowledgeBase or a selected list of vulnerabilities, based on the user's scan settings. The
service runs vulnerability tests that are applicable to each target host based on the
information gathered for the host.
73

Vulnerability KnowledgeBase
VULNERABILITY KNOWLEDGEBASE
Vulnerabilities are used for vulnerability scanning and reporting. Qualys has the
industrys largest and most complete Vulnerability KnowledgeBase, an inventory of
thousands of known vulnerabilities that covers all major operating systems, services and
applications. Vulnerability checks in the KnowledgeBase are continuously added and
updated, without requiring software to install and maintain.
To view the KnowledgeBase, select Knowledgebase.
In the upper right corner, youll see the total number of vulnerabilities next to options for
paging through the list. Using the arrow icons you can go to the next page, previous
page, first page and last page. Using the page selector drop-down menu, you can jump to
a list section.
Each entry in the vulnerabilities list provides summary information about a particular
vulnerability, including the QID (Qualys ID), vulnerability category, title and severity
level. Links to related CVE names and vendor references are displayed when available.
To view information about a vulnerability, mouse over a vulnerability (row), click
and
then select Info from the Quick Actions menu. The information wizard provides many
sections with general information, QID details, descriptions for impact, threat and
solution, and correlation information for exploitability and associated malware.
Youll notice the Title column includes icons for vulnerability identification. You can
mouse over the icons to understand their meaning.
74

These icons indicate the assigned Discovery Method.

Remote Discovery Only. When the Remote Discovery icon appears without the
Authenticated Discovery icon, the vulnerability can be detected only using
remote (unauthenticated) scanning.
Authenticated Discovery Only. When the Authenticated Discovery icon
appears without the Remote Discovery icon, the vulnerability can be detected
only using authenticated scanning. Hover your mouse pointer over the icon to
see the authentication technology type(s).
Remote or Authenticated. When both the Remote Discovery icon and the
Authenticated Discovery icon appear together, the vulnerability can be
detected using remote scanning or authenticated scanning. Hover your mouse
pointer over the Authenticated Discovery icon to see the authentication
technology type(s).
These icons provide additional information about a vulnerability.

The severity level has been edited (by a Manager). The text content (Impact,
Threat, Solution) and/or the severity level may have been edited.
A patch is available.
Exploitability information is available. The service correlates exploitability
information with service-detected vulnerabilities when known exploits are
published by third party vendors and/or publicly available sources.
Malware information is associated with this issue. The service correlates
malware information with vulnerabilities when malware threats for
vulnerabilities are published in the Trend Micro Threat Encyclopedia.
75

Vulnerability Severity Levels

Qualys vulnerabilities are automatically classified by severity level in vulnerability scan
reports.
Confirmed Vulnerabilities
A Confirmed Vulnerability is a design flaw or mis-configuration which makes your
network (or a host on your network) susceptible to malicious attacks from local or remote
attackers. Depending on the severity of the security risk, a successful exploitation of a
Confirmed Vulnerability can vary from the disclosure of information to a complete
compromise of the host.
Severity icon
Severity level
Description
5 - Urgent
Intruders can easily gain control of the host, which can lead
to the compromise of your entire network security.
4 - Critical
Intruders can possibly gain control of the host, or there may

be potential leakage of highly sensitive information.
3 - Serious
Intruders may be able to gain access to specific information

stored on the host, including security settings. This could
result in potential misuse of the host by intruders.
2 - Medium
Intruders may be able to collect sensitive information from

the host. With this type of information, intruders can easily
exploit known vulnerabilities specific to software versions.
1 - Minimal
Intruders can collection information about the host and

may be able to use this information to find and exploit
other vulnerabilities.
Potential Vulnerabilities
A Potential Vulnerability is a vulnerability that we cannot confirm exists. In these cases,
at least one necessary condition for the vulnerability is detected. The only way to verify
the existence of this type of vulnerability would be to perform an intrusive scan on your
network, which could result in a denial of service. This is strictly against our policy.
Instead, we urge you to investigate potential vulnerabilities further. The service can
verify the existence of some potential vulnerabilities when trusted scanning is enabled.
76

Severity icon
Severity level
Description
5 - Urgent
If the vulnerability exists, intruders can easily gain control

of the host, which can lead to the compromise of your entire
network security.
4 - Critical
If the vulnerability exists, intruders can possibly gain

control of the host or there may be potential leakage of
highly sensitive information.
3 - Serious
If the vulnerability exists, intruders may be able to gain

access to information stored on the host, including security
settings. This could result in potential misuse of the host by
intruders.
2 - Medium
If the vulnerability exists, intruders may be able to collect

sensitive information from the host. With this type of
information, intruders can easily exploit known
vulnerabilities.
1 - Minimal
If the vulnerability exists, intruders can collect information

about the host and may be able to use this information to
find and exploit other vulnerabilities.
Information Gathered
Information Gathered is a vulnerability that includes visible information about the
network related to the host, such as traceroute information, Internet Service Provider
(ISP), or a list of reachable hosts. Information Gathered issues include Network Mapping
data, such as detected firewalls, SMTP banners, or a list of open TCP services.
Severity icon
Severity level
Description
3 - Serious
Intruders may be able to detect highly sensitive data, such

as global system user lists.
2 - Medium
Intruders may be able to determine the operating system

running on the host and view banner versions.
1 - Minimal
Intruders may be able to retrieve sensitive information

related to the host, such as open UDP and TCP services
lists, and firewalls.
The half red/half yellow severity level icon (

) identifies a vulnerability that may
be confirmed in some cases during a scan. If the vulnerability is confirmed, it appears as
a vulnerability with a red severity level in the scan results. If the vulnerability cannot be
confirmed, it appears as a potential vulnerability with a yellow severity level.
77

Vulnerability Search
When viewing the KnowledgeBase, click Search above the list area to search for
vulnerabilities by attributes. Many options are provided, including QID (vulnerability
ID), vulnerability title, discovery method, authentication type required for detection,
vulnerability severity levels, whether the vulnerability has patches, has a certain vendor
reference and more.
Scroll down to search for vulnerabilities by vendor and/or product associated with them.
Vendor and product information is provided by NIST as part of CVE information.
Important! Not all vulnerabilities (QIDs) have an associated vendor and product
information from NIST. This means if you search for a certain vendor name, the search
results may not list all QIDs associated with that vendor.
Vulnerability Search Lists

A search list identifies a set of vulnerabilities that users can add to business objects in
their accounts. Search lists provide a convenient and flexible way for users to select
vulnerabilities for custom scans (in option profiles), scan reports (in scan report
templates) and automatic ticket generation (in remediation rules). Users may define
custom search lists including any number of vulnerabilities, and the service provides a
library of ready-made search lists that users can import.
There are two types of search lists: Static and Dynamic. For a static list, the user defines a
vulnerability list consisting of vulnerability IDs (QIDs). For a dynamic list, the user
defines vulnerability search criteria so the vulnerability list is updated automatically over
time.
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For example, a user may define a dynamic list with all Apache vulnerabilities and add
this to an option profile. A dynamic list is created by the service when a scan is launched
with this option profile. In this way, the dynamic list is updated automatically as new
Apache QIDs are added and new patch information becomes available.
To view the search lists in your account, click KnowledgeBase on the top menu and then
click the Search Lists tab.
There are many ways to use vulnerability search lists in your account. Here are a few
ways you can use search lists:
Create a static list of QIDs for troubleshooting and verifying Windows

authentication. (See the help topic Verifying Authentication (Vulnerability
Scans) for a list of QIDs to include.)
Create a static list of QIDs to exclude from scans.
Create a dynamic list for an always up-to-date Microsoft patch Tuesday scan
report, scan option profile and remediation rule.
Create a dynamic list of QIDs flagged for PCI compliance.
Create a dynamic list of QIDs for a particular vendor or product, such as Apache,
Cisco, Microsoft, or Sendmail.
Create a dynamic list of QIDs that are remotely exploitable on the .net framework.
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Import Search Lists from the Library

The Search List Library contains both pre-configured static and dynamic search lists
provided by the service.
To import search lists from the library, select New > Import from Library. Select the check
boxes next to the search lists you want and click Import. The selected search lists appear
in your search lists data list.
Add Static Search List

A Static search list identifies a saved list of vulnerabilities (QIDs). Using static search lists
is useful when you want to include a specific list of QIDs for testing, reporting and
remediation.
To add a static search list, go to KnowledgeBase > Search Lists. From the search lists area,
select New > Static List. Enter a title to identify the list. Go to the QIDs section and select
vulnerabilities from the KnowledgeBase that you want to add. You may select any
number of vulnerabilities for the list.
Add Dynamic Search List

A Dynamic search list identifies a set of vulnerability search criteria such as severity level,
category, CVSS score, patch availability, etc. The service creates a list of vulnerabilities at
run time based on the search criteria. Using dynamic search lists is useful when you want
the service to automatically include QIDs that are newly added to the KnowledgeBase
and QIDs that are updated with new information like patch availability.
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To add a dynamic search list, go to KnowledgeBase > Search Lists. From the search lists
area, select New > Dynamic List. Enter a title to identify the list. Under Criteria, select
vulnerability search criteria.
Editing Vulnerabilities
Editing vulnerabilities gives Managers greater control over how vulnerabilities appear
online and within reports and how they are prioritized for remediation. Customized
settings are global and appear to all users in the subscription.
To edit a vulnerability, go to the KnowledgeBase. From the vulnerabilities list, select a
vulnerability (row), click
and then select Edit from the Quick Actions menu. Use the
Edit Vulnerability wizard to edit settings. You can change the severity level, disable the
vulnerability, and add custom comments for the Threat, Impact and Solution. The Restore
Defaults option allows you to reset the vulnerability settings to the defaults provided by
the service.
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OVAL Support
OVAL stands for the Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language, which is an
international information security baseline standard to check for the presence of
vulnerabilities and configuration issues on computer systems. The OVAL standard
includes vulnerability definitions and schemas.
Qualys supports the OVAL standard, including OVAL definitions for Windows file and
registry tests plus compound tests. Using Qualys you can add OVAL version 4.0, 4.1 and
4.2 vulnerabilities to the KnowledgeBase.
To add an OVAL vulnerability (Manager only), go to the KnowledgeBase. From the
vulnerabilities list, select New > OVAL Vulnerability and follow the workflow provided.
Once added, any user in the subscription can scan and report on the OVAL vulnerability.
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Customizing Scans
CUSTOMIZING SCANS
Qualys supports customization of scans, giving users the ability to scan specific ports and
specific vulnerabilities as needed, to enable trusted scanning, and to fine-tune
parameters. These scan options are specified in profiles. When launching or scheduling
scans, users apply an option profile to the task. For vulnerability scans, Qualys provides
pre-defined option profiles, and users with scanning privileges can create custom
profiles.
BEST PRACTICES
Use Initial Options to get started. Qualys provides the Initial Options profile with
standard settings based on our experience with supporting Qualys users.
Learn about the option profiles provided. Review the option profiles provided and
use them to run scans before creating new profiles.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Scanner Appliance setting. External scanners are available for external scanning. When
there are Scanner Appliances in your account, you may select another scanner option.
Note that you cannot select external scanners to scan private use internal IPs.
View your option profiles. The service provides pre-defined profiles in your account
for vulnerability scans. Other profiles may also be listed. View the list of option profiles
to learn about them. You can create, edit, delete, and view profiles from the option
profiles list.
Edit option profiles. Add, edit, and delete option profiles as needed. Before launching a
compliance scan, you need to create at least one compliance profile.
Scanner Appliance Setting

The Scanner Appliance setting for a scan may be set to one of these options.
Option
Description
External
This option is set by default when there are no Scanner

Appliances in your account. Select this option to use external
scanners for external (perimeter) scanning.
Scanner Appliance name
Select a Scanner Appliance name to use a particular Scanner

Appliance for internal scanning.
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Customizing Scans
Option
Description
All Scanners in Asset Group
Select this option to use the scanner parallelization feature.

When selected, the service uses the Scanner Appliances in
each target asset group to scan the groups IPs. The scan task is
distributed across all Scanner Appliances in each target asset
group and compiles a single report with scan results.
Default
Select this option to use the default scanner feature. When

selected, the service uses the default scanner in each target
asset group to scan the groups IPs. The scan task is
distributed across various scanners, and when scanning is
complete the service compiles a single report with results.
Option Profiles Provided

These option profiles are provided by the service for vulnerability scans:
Initial Options. Qualys recommends this as a starting point for new users.
Qualys Top 20 Options. Use to scan for the Qualys Top 20 real-time vulnerabilities.
SANS 20 Options. Use to scan for the SANS Top 20 vulnerabilities, published by
The SANS Institute. (Important: The SANS Top 20 list was last updated in 2008. For
more accurate information on the most prevalent and critical real-world
vulnerabilities use the Qualys Top 20 list.)
Payment Card Industry (PCI) Options. Use to perform a scan that analyzes whether
target hosts are compliant with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
(PCI DSS). See Online Merchants and Retailers in Chapter 5.
View Option Profiles

To view the option profiles in your account, go to Scans > Option Profiles.
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Customizing Scans
Option Profile Settings

An option profile is applied to each vulnerability scan task. Each option profile consists
of many settings. You can customize these settings when editing an option profile. The
option profile Initial Options is provided by the service to assist you with getting
started with vulnerability scans.
To edit an option profile, go to Scans > Option Profiles. From the option profiles list,
select an option profile (row), click
and then select Edit from the Quick Actions menu.
Option Profile Scan Settings

The settings in the Scan section affect how the service performs scans.
The Scan section settings in an option profile (for a vulnerability scan) are below.
Scan Option
Description
Scanned TCP Ports
Select which TCP ports are scanned.

Initial setting: Standard Scan (about 1800 ports)
Scanned UDP Ports
Select which UDP ports are scanned.

Initial setting: Standard Scan (about 180 ports)
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Customizing Scans
Scan Option
Description
Perform 3-way Handshake
Specify whether 3-way handshake with target hosts is

performed. After a connection between the service and the
target host is established, the connection is closed. This
option should only be enabled when your network does not
allow a SYN packet to be followed by an RST packet.
Initial setting: Disabled
Authoritative Option
Specify whether the authoritative option is enabled. When

enabled, the results from light port scans and scans on
customized port lists affect the vulnerability status for all
vulnerabilities on target hosts, not just vulnerabilities
detected on the scanned ports.
Scan Dead Host
Specify whether dead hosts are scanned. A host that does

not respond to service checks and pings is considered dead
and scan processing is terminated. Enabling this option
causes the scan processing to continue and this may
substantially increase scan time.
Load Balancer Detection
Specify whether load balancer detection is enabled. When

enabled, the service attempts to determine the number of
web servers behind each load balancer and reports this
information in scan results (QID 86189).
Performance
Specify the overall performance level for scans. This level

consists of individual performance settings, including the
maximum number of hosts to scan in parallel, the
maximum number of processes to run in parallel per host,
and packet delay. Select a pre-defined performance level
(Normal, High, Low) or create a custom one.
Initial setting: Normal
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Customizing Scans
Scan Option
Description
Password Brute Forcing
Specify the level of password brute forcing performed by

scans. You may select No Brute Forcing, System, or Custom.
When System is selected, the service attempts to guess the
password for each detected login ID on each target host.
Select a level from the menu (from Minimal to Exhaustive).
When Custom is selected, the service uses the brute force
lists saved in the option profile to test login combinations
on target hosts.
Initial setting: No Brute Forcing
Vulnerability Detection
Select the vulnerabilities that you would like to scan for:

Select one of these settings (required):
- Complete to scan for all vulnerabilities, except OVAL.
- Custom to scan for a custom set of vulnerabilities. When
selected you are prompted to add one or more search lists.
Up to 10 search lists may be added.
- Select at runtime allows the user to select vulnerabilities
at runtime (for on demand scans only).
Select these settings as appropriate (optional):
- OVAL checks to scan for user-defined OVAL
vulnerabilities.
- Basic host information checks for a Custom scan to
ensure vulnerabilities that identify basic host information
are included (such as operating system and hostname).
- Exclude QIDs to exclude certain vulnerabilities from
scans. When selected you are prompted to add one or more
search lists.
Initial setting: Complete
Authentication
Specify whether to enable authenticated trusted scanning

for Windows, Unix/Cisco IOS, Oracle, Oracle Listener
and/or SNMP. When enabled, credentials specified in
authentication records in your account will be used for
authentication to hosts.
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Customizing Scans
Scan Option
Description
Share Enumeration
Specify whether to enable Windows Share Enumeration.

When enabled, the scanning engine checks Windows shares
that are readable by Everyone and returns the number of
files for each share on each host. (Only available if the
Dissolvable Agent is accepted for the subscription.)
Option Profile Additional Settings

The settings in the Additional section affect how the service performs host discovery for
both maps and vulnerability scans. The initial settings are recommended as best practice
in most cases and should be customized only under special circumstances.
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Customizing Scans
Additional section settings in an option profile are described below.

Additional Option
Description
Host Discovery
Specify which probes are sent and which ports are scanned
during host discovery. Settings affect how the service
detects hosts and determines if hosts are alive.
Initial settings:
TCP Ports - Standard Scan (maximum 20 ports)
UDP Ports - Standard Scan (maximum 6 ports)
ICMP - Enabled
Blocked Resources
Specify which ports are blocked and which IP addresses are

protected by your firewall/IDS. This option applies to
scans only, not maps. If scans trigger your firewall or IDS
its likely that the scans will be aborted. Note: The
recommended method for allowing the service access to
your network is to add the scanner IP addresses to your
firewall/IDS white list. Initial setting: Disabled
Ignore firewall-generated
TCP RST packets
Some filtering devices, such as firewalls, may cause hosts to

appear alive by sending TCP Reset packets using host IP
addresses. Initial setting: Disabled
When this option is enabled for scan tasks, the service
ignores all TCP Reset packets. When specified for map
tasks, the service ignores TCP Reset packets generated by
one or more filtering devices.
Ignore firewall-generated
SYN-ACK packets
Some filtering devices, such as firewalls, may cause hosts to

appear alive when they arent by sending SYN-ACK
packets. When this option is enabled, the service attempts
to discover if TCP SYN-ACK packets are generated by
filtering devices. If so, all TCP SYN-ACK packets
originating from these devices are ignored. Initial setting:
Disabled
Do not send ACK or

SYN-ACK packets during
host discovery
Some firewalls are configured to log an event when out of

state TCP packets are received. When this option is enabled,
the service does not send out of state ACK and SYN-ACK
packets during host discovery. Initial setting: Disabled
Note: If you enable this option and the option Perform
3-way handshake (in the Scan section), then the option
Perform 3-way handshake takes precedence.
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Current Host Information
CURRENT HOST INFORMATION

After hosts are scanned, you can view current host information from several spots in the
user interface, including your host assets list, asset search report and remediation tickets.
The host information view includes current vulnerability status and configurations that
include the host, such as asset groups, business units, users and remediation tickets.
Compliance and exception status is listed when the policy compliance module is enabled.
To view current host information, go to Assets > Host Assets. Navigate to a host in the list
and click
(View host information) next to the host. The Host Information pop-up
appears. You will see many sections in the host information view. You can expand a
section by clicking the section title.
The Vulnerabilities section identifies the current vulnerabilities based on the most recent
vulnerability scan of the host.
The Compliance section appears when the policy compliance module is enabled. This
section lists the compliance policies that apply to the host with current compliance status.
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4
ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT AND REPORTING
An enterprise management program should include plans for security auditing,
reporting and remediation. Its recommended that you form an enterprise
management plan addressing these constituent parts and publish the plan to all
parties involved. When developing your plan, keep in mind that its best to start with
a phased approach to security auditing, reporting and remediation with realistic
goals.
For enterprise management to be successful, its important to understand the needs
of the different parties involved. Learning when its best to schedule scans and maps
often requires discussion with multiple corporate groups users responsible for
scanning as well as IT and network groups. Be sure to document your procedures
thoroughly and set expectations within the organization on the frequency and scope
of security auditing.
To implement an enterprise management program in the quickest time, please
complete the following activities in the order presented:
ENTERPRISE SECURITY AUDITING
ENTERPRISE REPORTING
REMEDIATION WORKFLOW
CUSTOMIZING LEVEL OF RISK

Enterprise Security Auditing
ENTERPRISE SECURITY AUDITING

Develop a security auditing plan for your enterprise. This involves determining
frequency of scans for both ad hoc and scheduled scans, as well as user responsibility.
Documenting your plan will assist with building internal confidence.
Before you begin, be sure to complete the rollout steps discussed in Chapters 2 and 3.
BEST PRACTICES
Define a scanning policy. Determine how frequently scans will occur and who will be
responsible for which scans. Since your trend reports will incorporate scan results,
consider your reporting requirements when defining your scanning policy.
Schedule scans. Our customers are most successful and see the most remediation
progress by running scheduled scans on a regular basis. Following this best practice
ensures that there are scan results data that can be incorporated into trend reports at all
times.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Add scheduled scans. Setup scheduled scans to run on a regular basis. We recommend
that you scan hosts at least monthly. Separate scheduled tasks running at different times
may be easily setup to do this.
Review your option profiles. Review your option profiles for vulnerability scans. You
can view the option profiles list and detailed information about each profile. Be sure to
review the default option profile and understand its function.
Define option profiles. Qualys provides option profiles for vulnerability scans that you
can use right away. You may edit the option profiles provided or create new ones to suit
your organizations needs. (For compliance scans, you need to create at least one
compliance profile). Settings in option profiles enable scanning for selected
vulnerabilities and trusted scanning. Manager users can create global option profiles
which are automatically published to user accounts with scanning privileges.
Check Scanner Appliance status. From your scanner appliances list you can view
detailed information about the scanners in your account and identify whether they have
passed the most recent health check and whether they are currently performing scans.
Use Scanner Parallelization for large scans. Use the scanner parallelization feature to
distribute scanning across multiple Scanner Appliances in parallel to increase scan speed
when scanning a large number of hosts. This feature is available for on demand and
scheduled scans.
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Add Scheduled Scans and Maps

By scheduling scans in conjunction with reports that combine historical data, managers
can see vulnerability trends over time. This provides a good executive-level view of
current state of vulnerabilities, and progress being made in remediation a key element
for regulatory compliance reporting.
To add a new scheduled task, go to Scans > Schedules. From the schedules list, select
New > Vulnerability Schedule Scan. Use the wizard to enter a schedule title and settings.
The Manager primary contact has the option to allow users to configure a scheduled scan
to relaunch once a scan instance finishes, when New Scanner Services is enabled for the
subscription. This gives users the ability to perform continuous scanning by launching a
new scan as soon as the previous one finishes. This option is set by going to Scans > Setup
> Scheduled Scans. Once configured, users have the option to start continuous scanning
by configuring a schedule and selecting Relaunch on Finish from the Occurs menu.
Please note:
1) The schedule will be deactivated the first time a scan error is reported unless you
choose to deactivate it after two or more scans have errors.
2) Be aware that each active scan counts towards the concurrent scans limit set for your
subscription. Also any scan may have impact to your network and the same impact could
occur repeatedly, until the schedule is deactivated, canceled or paused.
The Manager primary contact has the option to prevent the service form starting a new
scheduled scan when there's an instance of it running. In this case the service skips
launching the second scan, sets the next launch date to the future, and counts the skipped
scan as an occurrence. This option is set by going to Scans > Setup > Scheduled Scans.
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Review Option Profiles

Each vulnerability scan is assigned an option profile. The settings in the profile affect the
way the service performs scans on target hosts.
To view your option profiles, go to Scans > Option Profiles. The option profile list
includes the service-provided profiles and any profiles created by you or other users in
the subscription.
The Initial Options profile has settings that we recommend as a starting point for new
users. See Option Profiles Provided in Chapter 3.
Users privileges to option profiles depends on the users assigned user role and assets.
User Role
Option Profiles in list
Manager
- all profiles in the subscription (global and user created)
Unit Manager
- profiles created by the user

- profiles created by other users in the same business unit
- global profiles
Scanner
- profiles created by the user

- global profiles
Reader
- global profiles
You can add an option profile, which may be applied to vulnerability scans, by editing a
profile provided by the service or creating a new one. See Customizing Scans in
Chapter 3 for details on the scan settings.
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Set Default Option Profile

The Initial Options profile is designated as the default option profile for vulnerability
scans and maps in a new subscription. The default profile ensures consistency in
scanning and scan results when there are multiple users running scans. A Manager user
may edit this profile or designate another profile as the default.
Publish Global Option Profiles

Global option profiles can be created to publish profiles to multiple users, which is
important for achieving consistency in reporting and compliance with government and
industry-specific regulations. Global option profiles may be created for the subscription
and for business units. Only users with management privileges can create global option
profiles.
Global Subscription
Global option profiles that are available to all users in the

subscription. Only Managers can create these profiles.
Global Business Unit
Global option profiles that are available to all users in the same
business unit. Only Unit Managers can create these profiles for
their own business unit.
To designate an option profile as a global option profile, edit the profile and select the
option Make this a globally available option profile.
Scan for Selected Vulnerabilities

You can scan for selected vulnerabilities a very useful way to check for the most recent
worm outbreak, the latest vulnerabilities announced by Microsoft on the second Tuesday
of every month. To enable this type of scanning you must make selections in the option
profile, in the Scan section under Vulnerability Detection.
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When Complete is selected the service runs all vulnerability checks in the
KnowledgeBase, except any custom OVAL checks. Select OVAL checks to include
OVAL checks.
Select Custom to scan for a custom set of vulnerabilities in one or more search lists.
When you select Custom the search list section opens, as shown below, and you are
prompted to add search lists. Select Add Lists and select search lists (up to 10) with the
vulnerabilities you want to exclude from scanning, and then click OK. When Custom is
selected, we recommend you select Basic host information checks.
The Exclude option is used to exclude certain vulnerabilities. When this option is
selected, you are prompted to select search lists (similar to the Custom option). Select
Add Lists and select search lists (up to 10) with the vulnerabilities you want to exclude
from scanning, and then click OK.
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Trusted Scanning
Trusted Scanning allows organizations to systematically audit their network
infrastructure without the burden of deploying agents on every desktop and server. With
trusted scanning, more system intelligence is gathered from target hosts.
Qualys offers trusted scanning for Windows, Unix, Oracle, SNMP, Cisco IOS, VMware,
IBM DB2, MS SQL Server (for compliance scans) and more. Oracle Listener
authentication allows users to obtain a list of Oracle System IDs (SIDs) discovered behind
the Listener. With this list you can create Oracle records for the SIDs and perform trusted
scans.
Good to Know:
- For vulnerability scans, authentication to hosts is required for trusted scanning. If
authentication to a host fails the service performs standard scanning for vulnerabilities.
Scan results will show vulnerabilities detected, if any.
- For compliance scans, authentication to hosts is required. If authentication to a host
fails, the host is not scanned.
Add Authentication Records/Vaults

Authentication records and vaults identify credentials to be used for authentication to
selected hosts. Managers and Unit Managers may create/edit authentication
records/vaults.
Managers have permission to create authentication records/vaults and edit any
authentication record/vault created by any user.
Unit Managers who are granted the permission create/edit authentication
records/vaults in their user account will have permission to create these configurations.
A Unit Manager with this permission will have the ability to: create authentication
records which contain IP addresses in their own business unit, edit any authentication
record which contains at least one IP address in their own business unit, create new
authentication vaults, and edit their own vaults. Managers may grant any Unit Manager
this permission; a Unit Manager who has this permission in their own account may grant
this permission to another Unit Manager in the same business unit.
To add a new authentication record, go to Scans > Authentication. Then select New and a
record type, for example Windows Record or Unix Record.
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When defining a Windows or Unix record, you have the option to use an authentication
vault in your account. To add a new authentication vault, select New > Authentication
Vaults to go to the vaults list. From the vaults list, select New > Cyber-Ark PIM Suite,
New > Thycotic Secret Server, or New > Quest Vault (for Quest One Privileged Password
Manager, formerly e-DMZ Par).
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Configure an Option Profile

For a vulnerability scan, authentication is enabled in an option profile. Select
authentication types that you want to use. When you launch a scan well look for
authentication records corresponding to the authentication types youve selected and
attempt authentication using the matching records.
Scanner Parallelization
The scanner parallelization feature increases scan speed making a scan up to 4 times
faster, depending on the size of your network, while maintaining scan accuracy. Such an
increase in scan speed allows scanning all ports when required.
The scanner parallelization feature allows you to distribute a scan task to multiple
Scanner Appliances, when the scan target includes asset groups. When enabled, the scan
task is distributed to multiple Scanner Appliances in parallel. The first 5 Scanner
Appliances added to each target asset group make up the pool of scanners used to scan
the groups IP addresses. At the completion of the scan, the service compiles a single
report with scan results.
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Scanner parallelization is available for both on demand and scheduled scans. To select
this scanner option, select All Scanners in Asset Group from the Scanner Appliance
drop-down menu. (This menu appears when Scanner Appliances are in your account.)
The service can apply the All Scanners in Asset Group option for scanner
parallelization when you submit a scan task on asset groups. If you wish to submit a scan
task on individual IP addresses/ranges instead of asset groups, a Scanner Appliance
must be applied to the task.
During scan processing, if a Scanner Appliance is not available for some reason, perhaps
because it is offline, the service automatically distributes the scan task to another
appliance in the same asset group.
A scan task may be distributed across Scanner Appliances that have the same software
versions vulnerability signatures and scanner at the time of the scan. If one of the
Scanner Appliances in the pool has a software version that does not match the other
Scanner Appliances, then it will not be used. If some Scanner Appliances have identical
software versions and others do not, then appliances with the most matching versions are
used, regardless of whether the software is the most current. For example, if 3 appliances
have the same software version and the other 2 appliances have a different version, then
the 3 appliances with the same software version are used.
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Enterprise Reporting
ENTERPRISE REPORTING
Develop a network security reporting plan for your enterprise. This involves
determining frequency of running reports, as well as user responsibility. Documenting
your plan will assist with building internal confidence.
Well be discussing reporting capabilities that are available when your account has
Report Share enabled - this is a subscription level feature. Report Share allows users to
run all report types and share them automatically with other users. Want to know if this
is enabled for your account? Go to VM > Reports. If you see the Reports tab then Report
Share is enabled.
BEST PRACTICES
Define a reporting policy. Determine the types of reports needed, who will review the
various reports, who will be responsible for producing the reports, and the frequency
with which they will be produced.
Regularly run reports. Our customers are most successful and see the most remediation
progress by running reports on a regular basis. We recommend that you run status and
trend reports at least monthly, and status reports in between as needed.
ROLLOUT STEPS
View templates and run reports. Several pre-defined report templates are available to
all users at any time. Run these reports right away to view your security status.
Define report templates. Global templates can be created by users with management
privileges and published to all users for consistency in reporting.
Schedule reports. By scheduling reports you can run reports at a particular time and
ensure the latest scan results information is included.
Report sharing. Run all report types and share them with other users from a central
location. You can schedule reports to run at a certain date and time in the future when
this feature is enabled for your subscription. Completed reports are available to users
based on user role. Managers and Unit Managers have the ability to distribute reports to
the right people at the right time.
Download data lists. Most data lists throughout the user interface can be downloaded
to these formats: CSV, XML, HTML, and MHT.
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View Report Templates

Several reporting options are offered through template-based reports for all report types.
Several report templates are provided and others are available in the Template Library,
allowing you to quickly create reports based on data in your account. Scan and map
reports are fully customizable through templates.
To view the available report templates, go to Reports > Templates.
The Type column identifies the type of report:

for a scan report,
for a compliance
report,
for a map report,
for a remediation report and
for a patch report. To
run a report, click Run ( ) next to a report and follow the prompts. When Report Share
is enabled the report is launched using the Report Share functionality.
Users privileges to report templates depends on their assigned user roles and assets.
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User Role
Report Templates available to Run and Download
Manager
- all templates in the subscription (global and user created)
Unit Manager
- templates created by the user

- templates created by other users in the same business unit
- global templates
Scanner

- global templates
Reader

- global templates

Running Reports with Report Share

Report Share provides a centralized location for launching, sharing and managing
reports. When Report Share is enabled in your account, you launch a report as follows.
Select Reports from the top menu and click the Reports tab. From the reports list, select
New > Scan Report > Template based. The New Scan Report window appears.
A scan report for the High Severity Report template, an Automatic type report, is below.
When you select a report template, the template settings appear automatically for format
and report source. You can choose to override these settings.
Enter report settings: Enter a title, select the report format and template, review the
report source (asset groups and/or IP addresses) and update settings if needed. To run an
on-demand report: Click Run. Your report will be launched right away and you can view
it in the reports list.
The Scheduling option allows you to schedule a report as part of the run report
workflow. A separate workflow for scheduling reports is also available from the Reports
> Schedules tab. See Scheduling Reports.
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The finished report and its status appears on the Reports tab where you can track its
progress. Once the report is Finished, click
to view the report.
For each report, this information is provided: the report title, type, the report template,
the user who launch the report, the report format, the date/time when the report was
created, the report expiration date, the report size (in megabytes), and the report status
(percentage complete or Finished).
A report is saved in your account for 7 days after its creation date by default. Each user is
assigned a storage space limit in Report Share (scan and map results are not included in
this space). Managers can adjust the user limit (go to Reports > Setup > Report Share).
Use the Actions menu (above the list) to take actions on one or more selected reports.
Select Delete to delete one or more saved reports if
you want to delete them before they expire (by
default reports expire in 7 days).
Select Cancel one or more running reports.
Use the Quick Actions menu to take actions on a selected report.

Select Info to view report information. From the
information page, Managers, Unit Managers and
Auditors can grant users access to the report.
Select Download to download the report in the
saved format to the local file system.
Select Schedule to schedule the report to run again
at a later time or on a recurring schedule.
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Scheduling Reports
Scheduled reporting allows users to automatically generate reports at scheduled times.
For example, you can schedule reports to run at important milestones, like the last day of
the quarter, without having to depend on someone logging in to do it. Scheduling reports
is possible when Report Share is enabled for your subscription and a Manager has
enabled the Scheduled Reporting feature.
Select the Scheduling option under Report Options to enter schedule settings. This
option is available in the new report workflow and in the report schedule wizard (go to
Reports > Schedules, select New and then a report type).
Select Notification if you want to send an email notification when the report is
complete. The report will be sent according to the report distribution method set for your
subscription as shown. (To configure this, go to to Reports > Setup > Schedule Reports).
You can password protect the report and limit the total number of downloads.
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Sharing Reports
Sharing reports allows business line managers to distribute reports to the right people at
the right time. Managers and Unit Managers have the ability to share reports with users
who do not have access to reports due to their assigned user roles. By default reports are
available to users based on their user role.
User Role
Reports in Report History List
Manager
- reports launched by all users in the subscription
Unit Manager
- reports launched by the user

- reports launched by other users in the same business unit
Scanner
Reader
Auditor
- compliance reports based on compliance scan data

launched by all users in the subscription
Managers and Unit Managers can share reports and scan templates. To share a completed
report, go to the Reports tab, select a report and then select Info from the Quick Actions
menu. Go to the User Access section and click the Add button. To share all reports
generated from a scan template, go to the Templates tab and edit the template. Go to the
User Access section and add users to the access list.
Good to Know:
- Users may be granted access to reports containing IPs which the users do not have
privileges to.
- Users may be granted access to reports generated in a business unit outside of the users
own business unit.
Secure PDF Distribution

Using secure PDF distribution Managers and Unit Managers have a one step solution to
generate PDF encrypted reports and securely distribute them to users outside of the
application via email. When a PDF encrypted report is generated, it is saved in Report
Share and users on the distribution list receive an email with a secure link to the PDF
report. To view a PDF encrypted report, each user is prompted to enter the report
password.
Secure PDF Distribution is an optional feature that can be enabled for the subscription by
a Manager on the Reports Share Setup page (go to Reports > Setup > Report Share).
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Once Report Share is enabled for the subscription, Managers and Unit Managers will see
the Add Secure Distribution link when launching reports.
Click the link Add Secure Distribution to enter the encryption password and select the
user distribution list.
Encryption Enter a password and then confirm the password in the fields provided. If
your subscription has enabled user-defined passwords, then the security settings for
user-defined passwords on the Setup > Security page are enforced.
Important: The user who launches the report must communicate the password to all
users who will access the report, including the email recipients in the distribution groups
and Qualys users who will access the report from the report history list.
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Distribution List Select one or more distribution groups, identifying the target email
recipients. A recipient may be any user, with or without an account for the subscription.
Click the Add Group link to select a distribution group for the current report you are
launching. The Add Distribution Group window appears, displaying your saved
distribution groups.
Select one or more groups from the Distribution Groups list and then click Add to list.
The groups will appear under Recipient Groups in the new report window. (If you need
to add a group first, click the New button (on the right).)
Automatic Report Distribution
Note: Acrobat Version 7 or greater is required to view secure PDF reports.
When a secure PDF report is completed in Report Share, the service automatically makes
the report available to users. The report is distributed automatically via email and the
report history list. From the report history list Managers and Unit Managers may view
secured PDF reports from the report history list, like other reports, based on their user
role access privileges.
A secured PDF report is identified in the report history list with the Secured PDF format
(PDF ) in the Format column. Users are prompted to enter a report password each time
they select a PDF encrypted report to view or download.
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Scorecard Reports
Qualys provides template-based scorecard reports that can be used to communicate the
state of security within the enterprise directly to persons in charge of security operations
and business line owners.
Scorecard reports provide vulnerability data and statistics appropriate for different
business groups and functions. By configuring scorecard reports to use different views
and asset groupings, you can create multiple reports based on the same data satisfying
both security operations personnel and business line leaders. You can then share each
generated report with the people who need it in a format that is meaningful to them.
To run a scorecard report, go to VM > Reports and select New > Scorecard Report. Select
a report template on the left and then click Run to run the report.
Youll be prompted to select hosts to report on and a report format. You can select hosts
by asset group, asset tag or business unit. Asset tags can be selected when Asset Tagging
has been added to your account and you have accepted the New Data Security Model (go
to Users > Setup > Security for information).
Do you want to create custom templates? Simply select a template title and then click
Edit (under the list) and enter settings. Once saved you can run the template to create
your report.
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Patch Reports
The Qualys Patch Report helps you streamline the patching process and improve
remediation efficiency. The patch report leverages standard Qualys capabilities to
provide accurate, actionable and focused reports so you can quickly and efficiently
remediate vulnerabilities without applying unneeded, redundant patches.
For the most accurate results in your patch report, be sure that authenticated scanning
was used to scan the hosts selected for the report. Using authenticated scanning allows
the scanning engine to collect the most detailed information about each target host
including the host's operating system. When this information is in your account, the
service identifies the most appropriate missing patch(es) in your patch report.
Qualys provides a pre-configured patch template Qualys Patch Report. Using this
template you can identify the patches you need to apply right away.
Your patch report can be saved in these formats: PDF, CSV and Online Report. The
Online Report format provides a feature-rich user interface including numerous ways to
navigate through your report content. HTML content is displayed in your browser using
Ext, a client-side Java framework.
A sample Online Patch Report is shown below. This report was generated using the preconfigured template Qualys Patch Report. In this report patches are grouped by host.
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This patch report summary shows: 196 total patches need to be applied to fix the
vulnerabilities on the target hosts, 14 hosts require patches to be applied in order to fix
the vulnerabilities, and 318 vulnerabilities in the user's account are addressed in the
report.
(1) To view the target asset groups and/or IPs: Click View Report Targets.
(2) To sort the HOSTS list by a host attribute: Click a host attribute (column title) in the
HOSTS list. The arrow next to the column title indicates the sort order: ascending (Up
arrow) or descending (Down arrow). Click the column title again to toggle the sort order.
(3) To view the missing patches for a particular host: Move your mouse pointer over a
host in the HOSTS list and click the host row. The missing patches for the host appear in
the PATCHES list (on the right). In the PATCHES header you'll see the number of missing
patches for the selected host. In this case, there are 13 missing patches for the host
10.10.24.47.
(4) To page through the HOSTS list: Use the arrow keys (under the list area) to page
forward and backward through the list. Enter a number in the field provided to jump to a
certain page number.
(5) To apply a filter to the HOSTS list: Enter a string in the Filter field (under the list area).
The HOSTS list will be updated to display only hosts with attributes matching the string
you enter. For example, if you enter 10.10.25.6 the report will display only IP addresses
including that string.
(6) To read the vendor's security bulletin related to a patch: Click the vendor ID link for a
patch in the PATCHES list.
(7) To view the vulnerabilities that will be fixed after applying a patch on a host: Refer to
the Vulns column for a patch in the PATCHES list. Click the number of vulnerabilities
link to view a list of vulnerabilities which the patch will fix (this link is available if "QIDs
that will be fixed by each patch" is selected in the patch template used).
Consultant Reports
*Consultant reports apply only to Consultant subscriptions. Consultants have the ability
to create consultant templates and generate consultant reports specific to their customers
needs. These formats are supported: PDF, HTML, MHT, XML, CSV and Microsoft DOCX.
Using the consultant template you can define the report layout and filtering options
similar to scan report templates. The consultant template includes configurations for
cover page, customer information and report summary.
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Report Templates
Report templates give you great flexibility in creating custom report templates. There are
several report templates available to choose from.
You might want to customize reports using a report template. You can import a template
from our library and customize it. Also you can create new templates. Just go to Reports
> Templates and then select New > template type (for example, New > Scan Template),
configure the options and click Save.
Publish Global Templates

Global report templates can be created to publish templates to multiple users. Just edit
the report template and select the option called Make this is a globally available
template.
Global Subscription
Global templates that are available to all users in the

subscription. Only Managers can create these templates.
Global Business Unit
Global templates that are available to all users in the same

business unit. Only Unit Managers can create these templates for
their own business unit.
Download Data Lists as CSV, XML, HTML, MHT

The data list download option is available for most data lists throughout the application,
giving users more ways to report on security and compliance within the IT infrastructure.
Just go to a data list, select Download from the New menu and select a format (CSV,
XML, HTML, or MHT). The downloaded content will mirror the data list view as it
appears in your browser.
The data list is downloaded to a file on the local file system in this format:
DL_<datalist_name>_<user_login>_<date>.<format_extension>
For example:
DL_scan_history_acme_dd_20071030.csv
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Remediation Workflow
REMEDIATION WORKFLOW
Qualys provides fully secure audit trails that track vulnerability status for all detected
vulnerabilities. As follow up audits occur, vulnerability status levels new, active, fixed,
and re-opened are updated automatically and identified in trend reports, giving users
access to the most up-to-date security status. Using Remediation Workflow, the service
automatically updates vulnerability status in remediation tickets, triggering new tickets,
ticket updates and closure in cases where vulnerabilities are verified as fixed.
Remediation Workflow is an optional feature that is not enabled in new Qualys
subscriptions. When this feature is enabled, new tickets are created automatically, based
on newly available scan results and the Manager-defined policy consisting of policy
rules. The remediation policy specifies conditions for ticket creation and user assignment.
Figure 4-1. Automatic Ticket Creation

Users take action on tickets by fixing vulnerabilities, adding comments, and reassigning
to other users as appropriate. Role-based access controls determine which users have the
ability to view which tickets, ensuring that only the appropriate users can access tickets
and take action on them.
As new vulnerability assessment data becomes available, Qualys automatically updates
the ticket information, including ticket history and current vulnerability data.
Before you begin, be sure to complete the rollout steps discussed in Chapters 2 and 3.
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BEST PRACTICES
Set achievable remediation goals. Defining user roles and responsibilities as well as
prioritizing assets will assist with developing achievable goals with remediation. Our
customers report that they were surprised at the large number of tickets produced from
their first security audits with the remediation workflow feature enabled.
Develop a phased approach. When getting started with a rollout project, many
customers report that they are surprised at the large number of remediation tickets
initially created.
Regularly run and publish remediation reports. Your remediation reports show
remediation status and progress over time. We recommend that you run remediation
reports at least monthly. Its a good idea to run remediation reports with the same
frequency that you run vulnerability status and trend reports.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Enable Remediation Workflow. To do this, you add a remediation policy with one or
more policy rules. Optionally, set remediation policy options to grant privileges to alter
ticket state. Also, you can enable Unit Managers to define a remediation policy for their
business unit.
Take action on tickets. Typically multiple users are involved with taking action on
tickets. Their activities involve fixing vulnerabilities, and optionally editing tickets by
adding comments, reassigning to different users, or marking as ignored.
Run remediation reports. There are remediation reports for management and technical
analysis that you can run at any time. See Remediation Reporting in Chapter 5.
Enable Remediation Workflow

To enable Remediation Workflow and the automatic creation of remediation tickets, you
must create a remediation policy that consists of one or more policy rules. Also, there are
remediation policy options that you may configure. New rules and options are applied to
subsequent scans automatically.
Set Remediation Policies

Remediation policies identify rules used to create and update tickets based on most
recent scan results. Managers and Unit Managers may view, create and edit remediation
policies.
To view remediation policies, go to Remediation > Policies. Rules are listed in priority
order, where the first rule is applied to the new scan results first. To add a new rule select
New > Rule.
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For each rule, define conditions for automatic ticket creation. You may select target hosts
or vulnerabilities:
Target Hosts Enter a combination of asset groups, IPs and/or IP ranges.
Vulnerabilities Add vulnerability search lists. Up to 10 search lists may be

added.
You choose whether tickets will be assigned to a specific user or ignored. Tickets may be
assigned to the user running the scan. When assigned to a user, a deadline is set so tickets
are assigned a due date. The deadline is set to 7 days by default (so tickets will be
assigned due date 7 days in the future).
The policy rules are applied to all scans run by all users. A business unit policy may be
defined by Unit Managers who are granted this permission (by Managers). When
defined, the business unit policy is applied first and then the subscription policy.
Set Remediation Options

To set remediation options, go to Remediation > Setup > Remediation. Transition options
can be set by Managers. The timeframe option allows any user to configure the timeframe
used to display tickets in the tickets list; tickets modified within the timeframe will be
displayed.
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View Tickets List

Tickets are created automatically by the service after a remediation policy has been
defined. To view the tickets in your account, select Remediation from the top menu. This
is the starting point for viewing tickets and taking actions on them.
Click Search on the top menu bar to view the ticket search options. You can search by
attributes of tickets, hosts and vulnerabilities. For example, you can search by ticket
number, due date, asset IP address, ticket state, vulnerability title and severity level. You
can also search for a users associated tickets, which are tickets not owned by the user but
based on assets in the users account.
View Ticket Information

Each remediation ticket tracks a vulnerability detected on a particular host. The ticket
lifecycle starts when a vulnerability is detected during a scan and it matches a rule in the
remediation policy, a new ticket is created and automatically assigned to a user. Over
time the service automatically tracks the vulnerability/IP pair in the remediation ticket
where the remediation status is maintained based on the most recent scan results.
Every remediation ticket has a unique ticket number with vulnerability information and
ticket history, including a history of ticket actions and links to saved scan results for each
related scan.
To view ticket information, go to Remediation > Tickets. Click
next to a ticket youre
interested in and then select Info from the Quick Actions menu. By selecting Edit from
the Quick Actions menu you can mark the ticket resolved and assign to another user.
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About the Closed Loop Ticketing System

Qualys includes a closed loop ticketing system that ensures that remediation tickets are
managed through specific ticket states. The ticket states are: Open, Resolved, and Closed.
New tickets are opened automatically and only by the service. Tickets are resolved and
closed as described below.
Closing Open Tickets

It is the ticket owners responsibility to fix the vulnerabilities associated with their tickets
or mark their tickets as Ignored. Tickets may be closed by one of the methods below.
Method a. Two steps. a-1) After fixing vulnerabilities, users edit tickets and mark them
Resolved. a-2) During the next scan, the service verifies that the vulnerabilities are fixed
and closes the tickets.
Method b. One step. A user fixes vulnerabilities. During the next scan, the service
verifies that the vulnerabilities are fixed and closes the tickets.
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Method c. One step. Users ignore tickets they dont plan to fix. Ignored tickets remain in
the closed state until a user chooses to reopen them by editing the tickets.
Reopening Closed Tickets

Resolved and closed tickets may be reopened by one of the methods below.
Method a. One step. The service automatically reopens tickets previously marked as
Resolved when the vulnerabilities related to the Resolved tickets are detected in
subsequent scans.
Method b. One step. The service automatically reopens tickets previously closed by the
service when the vulnerabilities are detected again in subsequent scans. (The service
closes tickets automatically when vulnerabilities related to tickets are verified as fixed.)
Method c. One step. Users have the option to reopen previously ignored tickets.
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Customizing Level of Risk
CUSTOMIZING LEVEL OF RISK

Using Qualys you can customize the level of risk within your own subscription. These
settings affect all users in the subscription.
BEST PRACTICES
Understand your security policy and review risk levels. Applying your existing
security policy to risk level settings will ensure that security risk and compliance
information presented and reported on is most meaningful and accurate to your
organization.
Regularly run reports. Our customers are most successful and see the most remediation
progress by running reports on a regular basis. We recommend that you run status and
trend reports at least monthly, and status reports in between as needed. Be sure to
publish reports to all teams and individuals with security management responsibility.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Customize vulnerabilities Several pre-defined report templates are available to all
users at any time. Run these reports right away to view your vulnerability status and
your most important vulnerability information.
Review business risk setup and edit as appropriate. Qualys provides a default
business risk setup that is a good starting point for business risk calculations. Its
recommended that you review the setup settings and adjust to match your security
policy and reporting practices.
Enable CVSS scoring. Qualys supports CVSS scoring using this industry standard
scoring technique that allows organizations to take into consideration their own security
metrics. For a new subscription, CVSS scoring is not enabled by default. You can enable
CVSS scoring so that CVSS scores appear with vulnerability details.
Ignore vulnerabilities Ignoring vulnerabilities on a host/port combination provides a
method for filtering out vulnerability instances from application views and reports.
Customizing Vulnerabilities
Users with the Manager role can edit vulnerabilities in the KnowledgeBase to affect how
vulnerabilities are displayed in user interface views and in reports. All customizations
are global, affecting all users in the subscription. These attributes may be edited: the
severity level, text descriptions for threat, impact and solution, and the disabled
vulnerability flag. See Vulnerability KnowledgeBase in Chapter 3.
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Business Risk in Scan Reports

Qualys scan reports illustrate the security and business risk status based on the value of
the assets to business operation. Both the criticality of the hosts, as defined by target asset
groups, and the severity of the vulnerabilities detected are taken into consideration when
calculating business risk.
Youll see the overall Business Risk rating in scan reports based on current vulnerability
status. This appears under Summary of Vulnerabilities, next to the average security risk.
Tell me about the Business Risk rating

Business risk is expressed as a value from 0 to 100. Generally the higher the business risk
value the higher the potential for business loss if security is compromised through the
exploitation of the detected vulnerabilities. For example, a severity level 5 vulnerability
on a host in an asset group with a Critical business impact represents a much greater
risk than the same vulnerability on a host in an asset group with a Low business
impact.
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How is business risk calculated?

We reference the business risk table for your subscription to evaluate your current
vulnerabilities and their severity levels. All users can view the business risk lookup table
to reference its settings - just go to Reports > Setup > Business Risk (see the sample
below).
First well calculate security risk for each asset group based on the vulnerabilities
detected and their associated severity levels (see Security Risk in Scan Reports below).
Then well look up the business impact level for the asset group based on its security risk.
For example, in the case where security risk is 4 and business impact is Medium, the
business risk is 16.
Security Risk in Scan Reports

The Summary of Vulnerabilities section of your scan report shows the average security
risk value for all hosts in the report (hosts matching filters). Security risk is first
calculated for each host in the report. Then the average of the security risk values for all
hosts is calculated and displayed in the summary. Important: The filters set in the scan
report template will affect the number of hosts and the types of vulnerabilities that
appear in your report.
This description of security risk applies to scan reports generated from scan report
templates.
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Average Security Risk in Summary

The Summary of Vulnerabilities section of the scan report (Auto or Manual) shows the
average security risk for all hosts in the report.
These factors are used when calculating the average security risk:
security risk for each host (the highest severity level detected or the average
severity level detected, see below)
number of hosts matching filters (hosts in the report matching the filters set in the
scan report template)
Note that the average security risk for the report displays the average for all hosts in the
report, and is not affected by the sorting method applied to the Detailed Results section.
See Security Risk in Detailed Results below.
The following formula is used for calculating the average security risk.
Security Risk for each Host

This section describes how security risk is calculated for each host in the report. The
security risk calculation includes vulnerabilities and potential vulnerabilities.
Information gathered are not included in the calculation.
In a Manual scan report, security risk is equal to the highest severity level detected across
all vulnerabilities and potential vulnerabilities on the host. For example, if the highest
severity level detected on the host is severity level 4 (whether confirmed or potential),
then the security risk for the host is 4.
In an Auto scan report, security risk is either 1) the average severity level detected, or
2) the highest severity level detected. The calculation method used depends on the
security risk configuration enabled for the subscription. The security risk configuration
may be defined to include or not include hosts with no vulnerabilities. Managers define
configuration settings on the Security Risk Setup page (Reports > Setup > Security Risk).
The default setting is Average severity level detected.
See examples below of the security risk value as it appears in the Detailed Results section
of an Auto scan report. Note that to see the security risk value in the Detailed Results
section of the report, you must select the Text Summary option under Detailed Results
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in the scan report template. In the examples below, detailed results are sorted by host, the
Text Summary option is selected in the scan report template, and active vulnerabilities
and potential vulnerabilities are included in the report.
Example when Security Risk is set to Average severity level detected:
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Example when Security Risk is set to "Highest severity level detected":
If you sort detailed results by host, then the service shows the security risk for each host.
All vulnerabilities and potential vulnerabilities detected on each host are included in the
security risk calculation. If you sort detailed results by some other method, like operating
system, the service shows the security risk for the hosts with the same operating system.
All vulnerabilities and potential vulnerabilities detected on hosts with each operating
system are included in the calculation.
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CVSS Scoring
CVSS stands for Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), the emerging open
standard for vulnerability scoring (using a scale of 1 to 10). CVSS was commissioned by
the National Infrastructure Advisory Counsel (NAIC) and is currently maintained by
FIRST (www.first.org/cvss). CVSS is widely supported by security organizations and
vendors including: CERT, MITRE, Cisco, Symantec, Microsoft and Qualys.
Qualys supports CVSS Version 2.
CVSS scores are displayed in many places for vulnerabilities and potential vulnerabilities
throughout the application when the CVSS Scoring feature is enabled in your account.
When enabled, CVSS Base and Temporal scores are displayed in vulnerability scan
reports and compliance reports that include vulnerability details, as well as in online
views of hosts, tickets and vulnerabilities. Also, final CVSS scores are calculated and
displayed in automatic scan reports.
Enable CVSS Scoring

CVSS Scoring is a subscription level feature that can be enabled by Managers only. To
enable CVSS scoring in the subscription, go to Reports > Setup > CVSS and select Enable
CVSS Scoring.
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CVSS Scoring Elements

Several factors affect the CVSS score calculated for a vulnerability: CVSS Base score,
Temporal score and Environmental metrics.
Figure 4-2. Scan Status Report (Auto) with CVSS Scores

CVSS Base Score. The Base score measures the fundamental, unchanging qualities of a
vulnerability. When the final CVSS score is calculated, the Base score is modified by the
CVSS Temporal score and Environmental metrics. The Base score is provided by the
service and assigned to vulnerabilities.
CVSS Temporal Score. The Temporal score measures the time dependent qualities of a
vulnerability, which may change over time. The temporal score allows for mitigating
factors to reduce the overall CVSS score for a vulnerability. The Temporal score is
provided by the service and assigned to vulnerabilities.
CVSS Environmental Metrics. The CVSS Environmental Metric group captures the
characteristics of a vulnerability that are associated with the users IT environment. Users
define environmental metrics in asset groups. Metrics apply to all hosts in the group.
Collateral Damage Potential. This environmental metric represents the possibility for
loss in physical equipment and property damage.
Target Distribution. This environmental metric represents the relative size of the
field of the target systems susceptible to the vulnerability.
The following Security Requirements metrics enable users to customize the CVSS score.
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Confidentiality Requirement. This environmental metric represents the impact that

loss of confidentiality has on the organization or individuals associated with the
organization.
Integrity Requirement. This environmental metric represents the impact that loss of
integrity has on the organization or individuals associated with the organization.
Availability Requirement. This environmental metric represents the impact that loss
of availability has on the organization or individuals associated with the
organization.

CVSS Base Scores Supplied from NIST

Qualys has standardized on NIST scoring for CVSS Version 2.0 Base scores. CVSS Base
scores are displayed in many locations throughout Qualys.
For some vulnerabilities, a Qualys generated score may be displayed. When the service
looks up the latest NIST score for a particular vulnerability, its possible that NIST lists
the CVSS Base score as 0 or does not provide a score. In this case, the service then
determines whether the severity of the vulnerability warrants a higher CVSS Base score.
If so, a Qualys generated score is displayed with the footnote [1].
View Final CVSS Scores

The sample automatic scan report below shows CVSS scores. The final CVSS score
appears in the detailed host results in the vulnerability summary line. In this report the
vulnerability with QID 90278 has a final CVSS score of 4.1.
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Ignoring Vulnerabilities
Vulnerabilities and Potential Vulnerabilities detected on a host/port combination may be
marked as ignored for the subscription. All users with scanning privileges can ignore
vulnerability instances. Ignoring vulnerabilities provides a method for filtering out
vulnerability instances from application views and reports.
You can ignore vulnerability instances while viewing vulnerabilities in scan status
reports (automatic) and asset search results. Select a vulnerability in the report, place
your cursor over the red cross (
) next to a vulnerability instance and select
Ignore vulnerability from the drop-down menu.
The Ignored Vulnerabilities Report lists ignored vulnerabilities defined for your account.
See Scorecard Reports.
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5
COMPLIANCE
Automated trend reporting gives users the ability to compare security audit results
over a period of time, putting a spotlight on vulnerability and compliance trends and
overall security posture. Trend reporting on a regular basis is a security management
best practice. Producing trend reports allows you to document your progress and
publicize your success within the organization. Remediation reporting on
vulnerability scan data provides detailed host information including the current
status of all vulnerabilities detected on each host.
Qualys allows you to comply with information security regulations and other
industry standards. Its recommended that you learn about these security regulations
and standards and incorporate best practices towards achieving compliance.
To track progress and achieve policy compliance using Qualys most effectively in the
quickest time, the following activities are involved:
ACHIEVING COMPLIANCE
VULNERABILITY REPORTING AND TREND ANALYSIS
REMEDIATION REPORTING
PAYMENT CARD INDUSTRY (PCI) COMPLIANCE
POLICY COMPLIANCE (PC)
POLICY COMPLIANCE CURRENT REGULATIONS AND MANDATES
Achieving Compliance
ACHIEVING COMPLIANCE
Organizations are required by law to comply with a growing number of government and
industry-specific regulations designed to safeguard electronic data from information
security breaches. Companies that do not fully comply and stay up-to-date with
information security regulations face serious consequences including heavy fines and
legal action. Using Qualys, you can take advantage of Qualyss secure and permanent
reporting audit trail to document and demonstrate compliance.
BEST PRACTICES
Perform vulnerability management on a regular basis. Perform security auditing,
trend reporting and remediation following the guidelines provided in this guide.
Connect vulnerability management practices with policy compliance objectives.
Stay informed and up-to-date on regulations and their requirements.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Run trend reports and publish to auditors. Refer to Remediation Reporting to run
appropriate reports and publish them to your auditors.
Run compliance reports. The service provides a wide variety of template-based reports
for achieving compliance with a wide variety of security standards and regulations,
including Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS), HIPAA, GLBA,
SB 1386, Sarbanes-Oxley, FISMA, the CobIT information technology standard plus
others. Interactive compliance reports are available when the policy compliance module
is enabled.
Use Qualys Payment Card Industry (PCI) Module. The Payment Card Industry (PCI)
Compliance feature provides a workflow for achieving compliance with PCI DSS
requirements for quarterly PCI external scans and quarterly PCI internal scans.
Use Qualys Policy Compliance (PC) Module. The policy compliance module provides
customers with a way to audit and document compliance to internal and external
auditors to meet corporate security policies, laws and regulations.
Understand current regulations. Refer to Policy Compliance Current Regulations
and Mandates for information about the current regulations for which many companies
today must demonstrate compliance.
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Vulnerability Reporting and Trend Analysis
VULNERABILITY REPORTING AND TREND ANALYSIS

Qualys provides very flexible, comprehensive reporting capabilities with functionality
for filtering, grouping, and synthesizing security assessment data in your account. This
allows customers to store security assessment data for an indefinite amount of time,
providing a way for organizations to establish a certain baseline and continue to
reference it in order to measure progress.
Pre-defined report templates are provided so that you can easily run reports right away.
These include the Executive Report, the High Severity Report and the Technical Report.
Additional template-based reports are provided when the policy compliance module is
enabled in the user account. Custom trend report templates may be setup as needed for
reports based on vulnerability assessment data.
BEST PRACTICES
Regularly run trend reports. Our customers report the best remediation progress as the
result of producing trend reports on a regular basis.
Check first trend reports. Check your first trend reports to be sure that the trending
information is both meaningful and useful for your organization. Its possible that you
may want to add asset groups (for scanning and/or reporting), customize scan options
set in option profiles, and customize the business risk calculation.
Publish reports with trending. Publish your trend reports to all parties involved
throughout your organization.
Perform business risk analysis first. Initial business risk settings are provided so trend
reports include a business risk value automatically. Its recommended, however, that you
first perform business impact analysis on assets in your organization, and then apply
those findings to your asset groups and the business risk lookup table. This way the
business risk calculation and resulting business risk values match your organizations
security policy.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Run reports with trending. You can run pre-defined reports and custom scan reports
with user-defined settings. The pre-defined templates with trending information include
the Executive Report (scan template) and remediation reports. Several pre-defined
graphs can be included in scan reports. Trend graphs may be included in a scan report
when the template has the scan results selection setting Status with Trend.
Run custom scan templates with trending. When adding a custom scan report
template, select the Scan Results Selection setting Status with Trend. Refer to
Scorecard Reports in Chapter 4 for information.
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Adjust business risk setup. Adjust business risk setup settings that affect how the
business risk rating is calculated for scan status reports (automatic) based on the business
risk analysis youve performed. See Business Risk in Scan Reports in Chapter 4 for
information.
Use Asset Search. Use the Asset Search feature to search and view current host
information, and take remediation actions.
Executive Report with Trending

The Executive Report includes scan status with trend information. This report is
appropriate for management, as it compares vulnerability assessment results over a
period of time, giving security information in summary format. Initially the time period
in this report is set to eight weeks. You may change the time period by editing the report
template to select some number of days, weeks, months, or the previous two detections.
The vulnerability status is provided in the by Status table. This table identifies the
number of new, active and re-opened vulnerabilities over the report time period. A
re-opened vulnerability is a vulnerability that you previously fixed. You have the option
to edit the report template to include potential vulnerabilities.
The Top 10 Vulnerability Categories table illustrates the top 10 areas that need the most
attention, and how much the exposure has changed over time.
The Vulnerabilities by Severity over Time graph visually identifies the total number of
confirmed vulnerabilities and potential vulnerabilities at each severity level.
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You can modify the Executive Report template to include vulnerability details and
additional graphs, and to adjust the time period that the report covers. See Enterprise
Reporting in Chapter 4 for more information.
Asset Search
The Asset Search feature allows you to search and view current host information in your
account. The Asset Search retrieves information on hosts that have already been scanned.
Only scanned hosts are searched and returned in the asset search results. The service
searches the most recent vulnerability scan data by default. When the Compliance
application is available in the user account, the service searches the most recent
compliance scan data as well.
To access Asset Search, go to Assets > Asset Search. Using the Asset Search form, identify
the target hosts to search for. You may specify one or more of these targets: asset groups,
IP addresses/ranges, a DNS hostname, or a NetBIOS hostname. Note that hosts matching
any target are returned. .
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Optionally, select search attributes to refine your search. For example, you may specify a
host tracking method, an operating system name, open ports, running services, a
vulnerability ID (QID), and last scan date. After making entries, click Search.
The Asset Search Report includes a Report Summary section at the top followed by the
Results section with hosts that match your search criteria.
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Each entry in the report identifies a target host, including its IP address, the DNS and
NetBIOS hostname (as applicable and when available), its operating system, the asset
groups to which the host belongs, the host tracking method and the last scan date.
Additional information is returned when certain attributes are entered such as Open
Ports, Running Services and QID.
When viewing the Asset Search Report you can take workflow actions by selecting hosts
and a workflow action on the Actions menu. See Taking Workflow Actions (page 59)
for more information. You can also view current host information by clicking the host IP
address. See Current Host Information (page 90).
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Risk Analysis
The Risk Analysis is used to analyze selected hosts for a risk due to a specific threat (a
vulnerability or potential vulnerability). The service uses existing vulnerability scan data
(results returned from previous scans) to determine if hosts are at risk. By running Risk
Analysis you can address high risk vulnerabilities on critical assets, without waiting for
the next scan opportunity.
To run Risk Analysis, go to Reports > Risk Analysis.
In the Risk Analysis form, identify the target hosts to analyze asset groups and/or
individual IPs and select a vulnerability or potential vulnerability that you want to
test. Then click Run to start the analysis.
The Risk Analysis Report includes a Report Summary section at the top followed by the
Hosts Possibly Exposed section (under the Qualys ID and title). Hosts possibly exposed
are listed by business impact, allowing you to readily assess the impact to your business
and fix the most vulnerable hosts first.
As with other reports, you can print and download the report in multiple formats.
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From the Risk Analysis Report you can take workflow actions by selecting hosts and an
action on the Actions menu. See Taking Workflow Actions (page 59). You can view
current host information by clicking the host IP address. See Current Host Information
(page 90).
Each entry in the report identifies a target host, including its IP address, NetBIOS
hostname, the asset groups to which the host belongs, and the business impact assigned
to the asset group. Check marks to the right indicate the possible exposure to the
vulnerability.
QID
Check indicates the vulnerability (QID) has been detected on the

host.
OS
Check indicates the host runs the OS related to the vulnerability.
Port
Check indicates the host has an open TCP or UDP port related to
the vulnerability.
Service
Check indicates the host runs one or more services related to the
vulnerability.
Results
Check indicates results from previous scans on this host include

information related to this vulnerability.
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Vulnerability Compliance Reports

Template based compliance reports are derived from vulnerability scan data.
To run a template based compliance report, go to Reports. From the Reports tab select
New > Template based Compliance Report.
Run the Qualys Top 20 Report to see whether your network is vulnerable to the Qualys
Top 20 vulnerabilities, a dynamic list of the 10 most prevalent external and internal
security vulnerabilities. This list is dynamically updated by Qualys.
Run the SANS Top 20 Report to discover whether you are exposed to SANS Top 20
vulnerabilities identified by The SANS Institute as the most critical Internet security
vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are sorted into categories, each of which may
include several vulnerability checks.
Run the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Reports to identify compliance with the Payment
Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard. The Technical Report is used to identify and
prioritize remediation; it includes verified solutions for detected vulnerabilities. The PCI
Executive Report is used to submit to acquiring banks as proof of compliance.
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Remediation Reporting
REMEDIATION REPORTING
Centralized reporting provides users access to current host remediation information and
status based on the latest vulnerability scans. Access to current host-based remediation
data is crucial to successful vulnerability management and policy compliance. These
features are provided.
Remediation Reports When Remediation Workflow is enabled, remediation reports
provide security managers with a current viewpoint on remediation progress,
vulnerability status and ticket trends. Qualys provides four different remediation reports
appropriate for management and in-depth technical analysis with trending.
Daily Trouble Ticket Updates When Remediation Workflow is enabled, users may
choose to receive the Daily Trouble Ticket Updates email notification, reporting
remediation ticket status and trends on a daily basis. This notification is a user account
option that can be enabled by editing the user account. Users may enable this notification
in their own accounts.
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BEST PRACTICES
Review host information and status. Review current host information and
remediation status based on the latest available scan results. To do this, use Qualys
reporting features described earlier in Remediation Reporting. Also use the features
Asset Search and Risk Analysis.
Regularly run remediation reports. We recommend that you run remediation reports
at least monthly, with the same frequency that you run trend scan reports.
Check first remediation reports. Check your first remediation reports to be sure that
the trending information is both meaningful and useful for your organization. Its
possible that you may want to add asset groups and make other customizations such as
scan option profiles, the business risk calculation, and remediation policy.
Publish remediation reports. Publish your trend reports to all parties involved in the
organization.
ROLLOUT STEPS
Run remediation reports. Qualys provides four pre-defined remediation reports that
can be run at any time when Remediation Workflow is enabled.
Review Daily Trouble Ticket Updates. Select this email notification in your account.
Run Risk Analysis. Use the Risk Analysis feature to find out whether hosts that are
likely exposed to security vulnerabilities. For hosts likely to be exposed, view current
host information and take remediation actions.
Remediation Reports
There are four pre-defined remediation reports in all user accounts. These reports may be
run when Remediation Workflow is enabled.
Executive Report. This report includes a ticket status table and graphical elements
illustrating the total number of open and closed tickets at each severity level, ticket state
changes for the past 12 weeks, and an open ticket trend for the past 12 weeks.
Tickets per Asset Group. This report includes a ticket status table and tickets per asset
group data. All asset groups in the user account are listed. For each asset group the report
shows the total number of tickets, the number of tickets in each ticket state, the average
number of days for resolution on tickets, and the total number of overdue tickets.
Tickets per User. This report includes a ticket status table and tickets per user data. All
users in the subscription are listed. For each user the report shows the total number
tickets assigned, the number of tickets in each ticket state, the average number of days for
resolution on tickets, and the total number of overdue tickets.
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Tickets per Vulnerability. This report includes a ticket status table and tickets per
vulnerability data. For each vulnerability the report shows the total number of tickets
related to the vulnerability, the number of tickets at each ticket state, the average number
of days for resolution on tickets, and the total number of overdue tickets.
To run and view a remediation report, go to Reports > Templates. From the report
templates list, locate a remediation report with the template type
in the Type column.
Select a report row, click
and then select Run from the Quick Actions menu.
All remediation reports display a Ticket Status table with current ticket status.
The Executive Remediation Report includes pie charts showing the total number of open
tickets and total number of closed tickets by severity level. In the sample below, 40% of
the total number of open tickets represent severity level 5 vulnerabilities.
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Payment Card Industry (PCI) Compliance
PAYMENT CARD INDUSTRY (PCI) COMPLIANCE

Qualys is certified to help merchants and their consultants evaluate the security of credit
card payment systems that process, transmit and store cardholder data, and achieve
compliance with the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS). To learn
how to validate compliance with the PCI Data Security Standard, go here.
The Payment Card Industry (PCI) Compliance module is available in your account only
when the PCI module is enabled for your subscription.
PCI Data Security Standard

The PCI Security Standards Council requires banks, online merchants and Member
Service Providers (MSPs) to protect cardholder information by adhering to a set of data
security requirements outlined in the PCI Data Security Standard. Founding members of
the PCI Security Standards Council are American Express, Discover Financial Services,
JCB, MasterCard Worldwide and Visa International.
The PCI Data Security Standard (DSS) represents a common set of industry tools and
measurements for ensuring the safe handling of sensitive information. It details technical
requirements for the secure storage, processing and transmission of cardholder data.
Quarterly PCI External Scans Workflow

Per PCI DSS v3.0 requirement 11.2.2, the PCI Council requires merchants to perform
quarterly external vulnerability scans via an Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV),
approved by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC). Qualys is
a certified ASV. Every part of cardholder data system components needs to be scanned.
Follow these simple steps to achieve the PCI DSS requirements for quarterly external
scans.
Step 1: Perform a PCI External Scan

Go to VM > Scan. To launch an on demand scan select New > Scan. To schedule a scan,
select New > Schedule Scan. For the scan settings, select the option profile Payment
Card Industry Options. This profile is provided by the service and it is required in order
to meet PCI compliance for external scans. It includes configuration settings required for
PCI external scans, according to the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). For the scan
target, select your cardholder data system components.
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Step 2: Remediation Workflow

Run the PCI Technical Report template for a completed PCI external scan to view the
vulnerabilities detected by the scan and your compliance status. Go to Reports >
Templates, hover over the PCI Technical Report template, and then select Run from the
Quick Actions menu.
Review this report including the compliance status and risk rankings for all hosts. All
hosts must have the compliance status PASS to pass the PCI DSS requirements for an
external scan. If a host has the compliance status FAIL then one or more vulnerabilities
must be fixed. After fixing them perform another PCI external scan (a verification scan),
wait until the scan status is "Finished" and the scan processing status is "Finished", and
then run another PCI scan report to review the risk rankings. Continue the remediation
process until all High ranking vulnerabilities are fixed and no High ranking
vulnerabilities appear in your PCI scan report.
Step 3: Share Scan with PCI

To share a PCI scan with your PCI Merchant account:
1
Go to Scans > Setup > PCI Account Links. Add another account link if you wish to
share a scan with a PCI account that is not listed. A Manager can create a new PCI
Merchant subscription and link to it. (Note: A Manager must be the first user to link
to any PCI Merchant subscription.)
Now go back to the Scans tab. Click anywhere in the row for a PCI scan and click
the Share with PCI link in the preview pane.
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Select the PCI Merchant account that you want to share the scan with. All PCI
merchant accounts that you have linked to are listed. (Note: While a scan is being
shared with an account, you cant share another scan with the same account.)
Click the Share button. Please note:
The service always shares the full scan results, including all IPs in the scan
target, regardless of whether the user who shares the PCI scan has permissions
to all IPs in the scan results.
Any IPs that are not already included in the destination PCI account will be
added automatically.
Review the success message that confirms the PCI scan has been exported to your
selected PCI account.
Click the PCI Login button to log into the PCI service with your account.
Step 4: Create Your Certification Report

Using your PCI account, you can create a PCI network report and take required actions
for PCI certification:
Review the scan results (go to Network > Scan Results).
View the current vulnerabilities (go to Network > Vulnerabilities). If there are PCI
vulnerabilities detected for the scan you must perform remediation and rescan to
verify that all PCI vulnerabilities are fixed.
View the compliance status (go to Compliance > Compliance Status) and generate
PCI network reports.
Complete report approval and submit 1) submit the report to your ASV for
approval, and 2) once approved, submit the report to your acquiring banks.
Quarterly PCI Internal Scans Workflow

Per PCI DSS v3.0 requirement 11.2.1 and 11.2.3, the PCI Council requires merchants to
perform quarterly internal vulnerability scans and obtain a passing scan. Every part of
cardholder data system components needs to be scanned. Per requirement 6.1, the PCI
Council requires merchants to establish a process to identify and assign risk rankings for
newly discovered security vulnerabilities, and to ensure all High ranking vulnerabilities
are fixed.
How it works: The service uses the PCI risk rankings High, Medium and Low. By default
these are set to the same CVSS scores as required for ASV external scans. By customizing
the risk ranking scale within a PCI scan template, you have the ability to create different
reports on different sub-nets using a different risk ranking scale for each.
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Follow these simple steps to meet the PCI DSS requirements for quarterly internal scans.
Step 1: Create Asset Groups based on PCI Risk Ranking

Go to VM > Assets > Asset Groups and use the workflows provided to create asset
groups according to PCI risk ranking. For each asset group, add hosts with the same PCI
risk ranking scale. By creating asset groups according to risk ranking you can run
separate reports, each with a custom risk ranking scale as appropriate for your
environment. The PCI scan report template allows you to create a custom risk ranking
scale with exceptions for selected QIDs (see Step 3).
Step 2: Perform a PCI Internal Scan

Go to VM > Scan. To launch an on demand scan select New > Scan. To schedule a scan,
select New > Schedule Scan. For the scan settings, select an option profile with
appropriate settings for your PCI environment. You can select either the Initial Options
profile that is provided by the service or one that you create. We do not recommend that
you use the profile Payment Card Industry (PCI) Options since this profile has settings
required for PCI external scans. For the scan target, select the asset groups (created in
Step 1) containing your cardholder data system components.
Step 3: Create a PCI Scan Report Template

Go to VM > Reports > Templates and select New > PCI Scan Template. You'll notice the
template settings are similar to the settings in the generic scan template, giving you many
options for filtering and reporting on your PCI scan data. The service uses the risk
rankings High, Medium and Low. By default these are set to the same CVSS scores as
required for ASV external scans. Go to the template's PCI Risk Ranking section to define
a custom risk ranking scale by modifying the CVSS base score ranges for High, Medium
and Low ranking vulnerabilities, and to define exceptions if appropriate. See Customize
PCI Risk Ranking for details.
Step 4: Remediation Workflow

Run a PCI Scan Report using your PCI scan report template. Go to Reports > Templates,
hover over your template, and then select Run from the Quick Actions menu.
Review the completed PCI scan report and all the risk rankings it contains. If there are
any High ranking vulnerabilities they must be fixed. After fixing them perform another
PCI internal scan (a verification scan), wait until the scan status is
on the scans list
(this means scanners are finished and the results from the scan have been processed), and
then run another PCI scan report to review the risk rankings. Continue the remediation
process until all High ranking vulnerabilities are fixed and no High ranking
vulnerabilities appear in your PCI scan report.
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Policy Compliance (PC)
POLICY COMPLIANCE (PC)

The Qualys Policy Compliance (PC) module provides these features:
Compliance Scanning extends the Qualys global scanning capabilities to audit hosts
to measure compliance with corporate security policies, laws and regulations.
Technical Controls Library includes controls based on CIS and NIST standards and
mapped to several frameworks and regulations. Like vulnerability signatures, the
controls software is updated automatically on a regular basis by the service.
Policy Compliance Reporting provides automated exception and trend reporting to

document compliance to internal and external auditors.
Policy compliance features are available when this module is enabled for the
subscription. Please contact Technical Support or an Account Manager for information.
Managers access these features automatically; sub-account users may be assigned access.
Auditor User Role

The Auditor user role grants the user permissions to compliance management features,
including the ability to manage policies, create compliance reports, manage exceptions,
manage asset groups and view user accounts.
Policy Editor
The Policy Editor provides a graphical user interface for Managers and Auditors to create
and edit policies, and assign them to assets. Go to Policies and then select New > Policy.
The policy may be divided into sections and can include a cover page to describe its
purpose within the organization.
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The application prompts you to set technologies operating systems and applications,
such as Windows XP Desktop, Windows 2003 Server, Oracle and provide a policy title.
Use the top menu bar to add controls and assign asset groups with compliance hosts. For
each control, one or more checks (data points) are listed.
Control
Technology
Data Point
Technical Controls. Technical controls, maintained by the service, measure compliance

against numerous policies and technologies.
Technologies. A technical control applies to one or more technologies, including
operating systems and applications.
Data Points. These are the checks to the technologies that validate controls on the
policys hosts. A default expected value is provided for each data point. Users can change
the default value for some data points.
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Policy Manager
Saved policies are saved in the Policy Manager. Over time policies may be updated to
reflect new business practices, security policies and regulations. For each policy, the
service tracks the user who created the policy, the date when created, the user who
updated the policy and the date when last updated.
The service provides a Compliance Policy Library containing several sample policies as
part of the Policy Manager, giving Auditors and Managers the ability to import them into
the subscription and use them for compliance reporting. The sample policies are based on
several popular compliance frameworks. Locked policies are available in the library for
certification purposes, for example to certify that you are meeting all requirements
outlined in a particular CIS benchmark.
To import a sample policy, go to Policies. From the Policies tab select New > Import
Compliance Policy > Import from Library. The library includes multiple policies to
choose from. Select a policy and then follow the workflow provided to assign asset
groups to it.
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Policy Compliance Reporting

These policy compliance reporting options are available: template based and interactive.
These options are available from the New menu when you are in the Report section.
Running Template Based Reports

These template based compliance reports are derived from compliance scan data.
To run a report using a template, go to PC > Reports and select New > Compliance
Report > Authentication report or Policy report.
Authentication Report. Identifies the authentication status for hosts in your account.
Authentication to hosts is required for compliance scans. The service provides an
authentication report template.
Policy Report. Identifies compliance with a specific policy that is defined in your
account. (Available when the policy compliance module is enabled.) We provide the
template Policy Report Template and we recommend this template to get started. Users
may define custom policy report templates.
Running Interactive Reports

Interactive compliance reports support a dynamic workflow that allows users to update
report content in iterations to view compliance status.
To run an interactive compliance report, go to PC > Reports and select New >
Compliance Report > Interactive report. Youll be prompted to select one of these reports:
Control Pass/Fail. Identifies the compliance posture (Passed or Failed) for a technical
control in a particular policy.
Individual Host Compliance. Identifies the compliance status for a host in a particular
policy. The controls applicable to the host are listed. For each control, the compliance
posture (Passed or Failed) is listed.
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Select settings for report source, display and sorting from within the report, and then run
the report.
Report results appear in the same window as the report settings so you can change the
settings and run the report again to find the compliance information youre most
interested in. Note: Interactive compliance reports are not saved to Report Share.
The details section of a sample Individual Host Compliance Report is below. For each
control, the report identifies the expected value and actual value, as returned in the latest
compliance scan results.
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Exceptions Management
When viewing an interactive compliance report, users have the ability to submit
exception requests for host/control pairs shown in the Results section.
Exceptions List Go to Exceptions to view your exceptions list. All users view the status
of all exception requests. Managers and Auditors approve requests. Unit Managers may
be assigned this privilege for requests in their own business unit.
Submit in Single and Batch Mode Users can submit exception requests one at a time or
in batch mode. To submit a single request from the Control Pass/Fail Report, select the
Request link next to a host. To submit requests in batch, select hosts using check boxes
and then click the Request Exception button. The exceptions appear in the exceptions list
which is available to all users.
Exception Approval Exception requests must be accepted by an approver. Managers
and Auditors are designated approvers.
Exception Timeframe Exception requests may be approved for an explicit period of
time, after which the exception expires automatically.
Exception Audit Trail All information from the exception requestor and approver is
captured and available for viewing. To view exception information, go Exceptions. From
the exceptions list, select an exception row, click
and then select Info from the Quick
Actions menu.
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Policy Compliance Current Regulations and Mandates
POLICY COMPLIANCE CURRENT REGULATIONS AND

MANDATES
Qualys enables organizations to comply with a wide variety of government and industry
regulations including:
Healthcare HIPAA regulates the security and privacy of health data, including
patient records and all individually identifiable health information.
Financial Institutions GLBA requires IT controls to maintain the confidentiality

and privacy of consumer financial information.
Online Merchants and Retailers The Payment Card Industry mandates the
protection of customer information residing with merchants, safe from attackers,
viruses, and other potential security risks.
Public Companies Sarbanes-Oxley requires effective controls and processes for

validating the integrity of annual financial reports.
Government FISMA requires that federal agencies establish risk-based

information security programs to secure federal information.
California Commerce CA 1798.92 mandates that organizations doing business in

California report any cybersecurity breaches that may have compromised
customer information.
Healthcare
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DEFINITION:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations

require organizations to enforce security controls that promote the
confidentiality, integrity and availability of all personal health
information.
CHALLENGE:
HIPAA standards require organizations to use risk-based methods for

protecting all health information. HIPAA specifies compliance guidelines
for achieving a minimum security baseline in areas covering
administrative and technical safeguards. HIPAA applies to any
organization that processes, stores or manages personal health
information electronically not just healthcare entities.
SOLUTION:
Qualys is ideal for organizations looking to achieve and prove HIPAA

compliance quickly and cost-effectively. The Qualys vulnerability
management solution enables users to create HIPAA-specific reports to
measure and document ongoing security compliance efforts.
Financial Institutions
DEFINITION:
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) regulations require organizations to

protect themselves against unauthorized access, anticipated hazards and
risks threatening the security or integrity of consumer financial
information.
CHALLENGE:
GLBA has introduced a great deal more rigor in how banks and credit
unions have to handle, manage and secure their customers' personal
information. In today's world much of our information is computerized
making information security a major component of GLBA compliance.
The guidelines define customer information as any record containing a
customer's non-public personal information, whether in printed,
electronic or other form. They require each institution to implement a
written information security program that includes administrative,
technical and physical safeguards appropriate to the size and complexity
of the bank as well as the nature and scope of its activities.
SOLUTION:
Qualys is ideal for organizations looking to achieve and prove GLBA

compliance quickly and cost-effectively. The Qualys vulnerability
management solution enables users to create GLBA-specific reports to
measure and document ongoing security compliance efforts.
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Online Merchants and Retailers

DEFINITION:
The Payment Card Industry (PCI) Security Standards Council requires

banks, online merchants and Member Service Providers (MSPs) to
protect cardholder information by adhering to a set of data security
requirements outlined in the PCI Data Security Standard.
The PCI Data Security Standard represents a common set of industry
tools and measurements for ensuring the safe handing of sensitive
information. It details the requirements for the secure storage,
processing and transmission of cardholder data.
CHALLENGE
The PCI Data Security Standard requirements apply to all payment card
network members, merchants and service providers that store, process
or transmit cardholder data, and affect all payment channels, including
retial (brick-and-mortar), mail/telephone order and e-commerce.
Failure to comply with these security standards may result in fines,
restrictions or permanent expulsion from card acceptance programs.
For more information on the PCI Data Security Standard, visit
https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org
SOLUTION:
As an approved PCI scanning vendor, Qualys is fully certified to help

merchants and service providers to assess and achieve continuous
compliance with the PCI Data Security Standard.
Public Companies
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DEFINITION:
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was passed to make corporate

executives more responsible for their companies' financial statements.
CHALLENGE:
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is relevant to information security

as it requires management to demonstrate that they have established
appropriate internal controls to safeguard an organization's financial
processes. The regulation's internal controls specify that organizations
safeguard financial data through the prevention and detection of security
breaches that may have a material effect on financial statements.
SOLUTION:
Qualys is ideal for publicly traded companies that need to meet

compliance with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley quickly and cost
effectively. Qualys provides SOX-specific reports to measure, reduce and
document ongoing efforts to safeguard electronic systems and data.
Government
DEFINITION:
Formally titled The Federal Information Security Management Act of

2002, FISMA was passed as part of the Homeland Security Act of 2002
and the E-Government Act of the same year. FISMA imposes strong
requirements to rapidly improve the security of government information.
CHALLENGE:
FISMA requires federal agencies to establish agency-wide risk-based

information security programs to security the information and
information systems that support their associated operations and assets,
and demonstrate how well they are meeting all of FISMAs provisions.
These provisions fall into three major categories: assessment, enforcement
and compliance. Agencies that fail to comply with all FISMA mandates
risk facing budget or resources cuts.
FISMA applies to any federal agencies, contractors or organizations
whose information systems possess or make use of federal information.
SOLUTION:
Qualys enables agencies to audit and measure their network risk, enforce
security policies and document compliance with FISMA requirements.
Qualys will explain each policy violation and tell you how to remediate
the violation through a verified solution, for example by making a
configuration change or applying a patch from a vendor.
California Commerce
DEFINITION:
California Breach Disclosure Act (CA 1798.82), also known as SB 1386,

requires State Agencies and private businesses to report cybersecurity
breaches that may have compromised confidential information.
CHALLENGE:
Organizations who fail to comply with CA 1798.82 face civil or class action
lawsuits. The law covers not just California-based agencies but all private
enterprises doing business in California. The law requires that California
customers be notified if any unauthorized individuals have acquired their
personal and/or financial information, thereby giving them the
opportunity to take proactive steps to ensure that they do not become
victims of identity theft.
Organizations that do not apply generally accepted security and detection
best practices may be considered criminally negligent by State and Federal
law. Becoming compliant with CA 1789.82 is not a one-time event, but
rather a process that requires continuous measurement and management
of network risks.
SOLUTION:
Qualys helps organizations ensure data privacy by providing a security

framework to measure, manage and mitigate network security risks.
Qualys' Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) solution, Qualys, enables IT
departments to eliminate network weakness through the proactive
detection and remediation of security vulnerabilities.
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6
SUCCESSFUL QUALYS ROLLOUT CASE
STUDIES
As a step toward helping you understand how to succeed in your rollout of Qualys, it
makes sense to provide you with actual case studies that call out practical examples
and lessons learned. On the next several pages you will read summaries of choices
made by some of our customers, the results of those choices emphasizing the real
benefits Qualys provided to their organizations.
Case 1 Global Online Retailer
Case 2 Web Meeting Application Provider
Case 3 Global Electronics Manufacturer
Case 4 Global UK Bank
Case 5 Large Chemical Company
Case 6 Global Food Services Company


Case Profile
Infrastructure
Over 100,000 systems in 25 countries with strong presence in Asia and EMEA
Centralized management of IT resources from corporate headquarters
Situation before introduction of enterprise VM
Rapid growth caused uncertainty of network topology and system configurations

The option was either doing no VA or building a Nessus-based system
No ability to assess security situation and enforce security standards
Motivation for introducing VM
Maintain confidence with the online marketplace that online transactions are in face secure
through their systems
Have a tool to prove compliance to industry standards
Need to quickly prioritize remediation when a severe new vulnerability emerges
Reduce the costs around their patching process through automation
Usage of VM
Up to 10 users (in Security Team), 12 scanning appliances in use expanding up to 30

Plan is to methodically introduce new geographic regions into established VM processes
Ingredients for Success

#1 Obtain Executive Sponsorship for the VM program
Encourage highest ranking executive in your respective chain to send out an introductory
email to all affected groups. The email should acknowledge that there is always uncertainty
with such a program, however the benefits to the larger organization outweigh the risks.
Exec support proves instrumental during the infrequent system failures that can occur.
#2 Use VM to learn more about your environment first
Discover, understand and organize your network and the people managing the systems.
Form Asset Groups and Business Units around the existing logical structure.
Create a flexible solution to support a living process which adapts to different local
operating environments while maintaining global standards and visibility
#3 Build internal confidence demonstrate that the technology is safe
Gain the trust and confidence of the operating teams and outsourcers.
Work with Network and Operations Groups to identify the core pieces of infrastructure
early and then form mapping/scanning plans around them.
158


Case Profile
Infrastructure
4,000 systems and 35 locations

Internally managed network
No visibility, unknown network, patching status and exposure

Ineffective homegrown tool
Reducing security risk and exposure

Manage the lifecycle of vulnerabilities
Gain visibility of network resources in general
Usage of VM
14 users in rollout centralized with Corporate Security Team

4 appliances in two locations
Weekly scanning and targeted remediation of all perimeter and internal systems
Used for Access Control new servers are put through a test before and after deployment

#1 Understand your environment prior to scanning
Do your homework in advance to understand your environment/network segments.

Match your Business Units and Asset Groups accordingly to avoid what will invariably be
double work.
Dont want to spend time having to administer/change the configuration
continually I want to use it.
#2 Be conscious of how the rollout is perceived internally
Understand the needs of the different constituents.

Learn when its best to schedule maps and scans.
Begin with phased approach with Remediation expectations on IT (i.e. Severity Levels 4
and 5 to begin with).
#3 Share report trending data to all involved parties
Trending data displaying the progress toward security posture can build confidence with
internal groups.
159


Case Profile
Infrastructure
20,000 systems worldwide

Network managed by IBM in 85 locations
Relied entirely on IT group to confirm patches

Two failed deployments of VM tools far too difficult to manage
Sever exposure to worms which infected significant parts of the network
No central visibility of the network exposure
Empower local administrators to have domain knowledge and be accountable

Protect against worms
Ensure quality and timeliness of patching for severe vulnerabilities
Usage of VM
40 users in rollout
3 scanner appliances centrally managed
Hold local administrators accountable to respond to regional remediation reports
Weekly scanning of EMEA, APAC and Americas

#1 Document the procedures around VM thoroughly
List the steps to take should a host or system crash occur.

Commit it to an SLA with Network Group to respond to such events.
Set expectations clearly internally on the frequency and scope of mapping/scanning.
Expect interesting interplays between the Network and Security Groups. There is often
natural antagonism, however documentation and expectation setting aids greatly.
#2 Choose a top down approach (avoid a bottom up approach)
Security Group may feel like they have to yell louder to get response from IT/Network
Groups if there is not Executive sponsorship.
Plan ahead to avoid an overreaction from IT/Network Groups to remediation efforts.
Remediation policies can be very digestible if handled properly.
IT Groups should be encouraged to display trend data on their progress.
160


Case Profile
Infrastructure
38,000 systems in 75 countries with strong presence in Asia, Middle East and Africa
600 applications running on a diverse infrastructure
Systems managed by dozens of different IT teams and outside service providers
Network topology and system configurations unknown, spot auditing with pen-testing
Local operating teams perform occasional scanning with various tools
No ability to assess exposure and take corrective action
Have a clear picture of the exposure with common standards worldwide

Need to quickly prioritize remediation when a severe new vulnerability emerges
Motivate and empower outsourcing vendors to meet specific security SLA
Reduce the cost and time of patching (every patch costs money)
Usage of VM
Up to 200 users, 6 scanning appliances in use expanding up to 40

Security and Operating teams map and organize the network jointly
Central Security team to configure the solution, setup user accounts, and create global
scanning and reporting templates
One cohesive view of the network, assets, vulnerabilities, remediation work in progress
AND people engaged in the process

#1 Demonstrate that the technology is safe for your environment
Gain the trust and confidence of the operating teams and outsourcers
#2 Use VM to learn more about your environment first
Discover, understand and organize your network AND the people managing the systems
Allow for ongoing changes in an iterative process
#3 Have a strong service delivery ownership of the process
Use VM as a vehicle to motivate and empower operating teams

Develop better prioritization through more insight into your network and its assets
161


Case Profile
Infrastructure
38,000 systems and 35 locations

Network managed by up to 40 different outsourcers and IT service providers
No visibility: unknown network, patching status and exposure

Outsourcers not compelled to maintain specific security SLAs
Understanding the network (agents too expensive and not available for some devices)
Reduce cycle time for patching from over 30 days to 5 days across the enterprise
Verify patches and standard builds
Simplify IT audits via central repository vs. costly punctual audits
Usage of VM
Up to 600 users in rollout, 20 appliances distributed worldwide, centrally managed

Weekly scanning and remediation of all perimeter systems
IT outsourcers ATOS Origin and IBM Global Services embedded in the process with direct
access to the VM solution
One cohesive view of the network, assets, vulnerabilities, remediation work in progress
AND people engaged in the process

#1 Forge partnership with the business
Demonstrate the value to the operating teams and outsourcers

Wealth of vulnerability intelligence from Qualys empowers functional groups with
actionable data
#2 Be culturally sensitive in the rollout
Dont use VM results as a stick to beat up IT

Reduce workload for everyone through automation and prioritization
Demonstration the value-add through quick wins. For example:
scanned 256 production servers and found 22 sasser infections despite patching
supported SUS by identifying all Service Pack 2 installations
reduced the time and cost of IT audit by eliminating the need for punctual verification
(all data can be accessed centrally)
162


Case Profile
Infrastructure
313,000 employees with subsidiaries in 78 countries

Heterogeneous and decentralized network
512 IP addresses, 119 domains, 6 scanner appliances
No VM solution
Branches with wide-ranging autonomy
No ability to centralize the supervision of the network security
Network topology and system configurations unknown
Security supervision through the creation of a Global Security Team

Establishment of a proactive and continuos vulnerability management policy
Preservation of the autonomy of the various branches with tools that are easy to install and
to use
Usage of VM
Each organizational unit was given control and responsibility over its own resources
Use Scans, Maps, Reports, Remediation & Schedules
74 users, 6 business units, 7 managers
Typically 40 scheduled Scans per month, and 35 on demand Scans per month
Typically 6 scheduled Maps per month, and 27 on demand Maps per month
163


#1 Self-management for branches with a consistent policy throughout the enterprise
Preservation of the decentralized organization

A solution that is easy to implement, to use and to manage
Ensure the people managing the systems and demonstrate Qualys value for operating team
#2 Define a strict methodology for scans and use of the collected information
Define precise security rules

Prioritize tasks and devices to be monitored
Define realistic goals for remediation
164

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Security and Compliance Suite

Copyright 2005-2015 by Qualys, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 2 Rollout First Steps

Versions and Automatic Updates.......................................................................

Chapter 3 Vulnerability Scanning

Chapter 4 Enterprise Management and Reporting

QualysGuard Rollout Guide

Enterprise Reporting .....................................................................................................

Chapter 6 Successful Qualys Rollout Case Studies

QualysGuard Rollout Guide

Contact Qualys Support