Engg. Hydrology TYS Exp 240

2016
WORKBOOK
Detailed Explanations of
Try Yourself Questions

Civil Engineering
Engineering Hydrology
Precipitation and General

Aspects of Hydrology
T1 : Solution
The calculations are tabulated below:
Isohyetal
Average value of
Interval (cm) precipitation (cm)
Inter
-Isohyetal
Inter-Isohyetal
area (km2)
Fraction of
total area
col. 3/640
Weighted
p(cm)
col. 2 col. 4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
14-12
12-10
10-8
8-6
6-4
4-2
2-0
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
90
140
125
140
85
40
20
0.1406
0.2187
0.1953
0.2187
0.1328
0.0625
0.0312
1.8278
2.4062
1.7578
1.5312
0.6641
0.1875
0.0312
A = 640
p = 8.40625
Thus average depth of precipitation over the basin is 8.40625 cm.

T2 : Solution
The calculations for determining the equivalent uniform depth are tabulated below:
Station
(%)
Area
total area
Fraction of
(mm)
Rainfall
Weighted Rainfall (mm)
(col. 3 col. 4)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
P
Q
R
S
T
24
21
37
8
10
0.24
0.21
0.37
0.08
0.10
45
57
65
67
78
10.80
11.97
24.05
5.36
7.80
A = 100
1.00
59.98 mm
Therefore the equivalent uniform depth of rainfall = 59.98 mm
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Evaporation, Transpiration &

Stream Flow Measurement
T1 : Solution
Let us use subscripts 1, 2 and 3 for U/S section, D/S section and middle section
Now, hydraulic mean depth, R1 =
A1 108.6
=
= 1.663 m
P1
65.3
R2 =
A2 99.80
=
= 1.680 m
P2
59.40
R3 =
A3 103.1
=
= 1.699 m
P3
60.7
K1 =
1
1
A1 R12 / 3 =
(108.6) (1.663)2/3 = 5256.46
n
0.029
K2 =
1
1
A2 R22 / 3 =
(99.80) (1.680)2/3 = 4863.39
n
0.029
K3 =
1
1
(103.10) (1.699)2/3 = 5062.01
A3 R32 / 3 =
0.029
n
Conveyance,
Average conveyance is given by

Kavg = (K1 K2 K3)1/3
= (5256.46 4863.39 5062.01)1/3 = 5058.14 m
(i) 1st iteration
Assuming,
v 1 = v2
v2 v2
v2 v2
hf = (h1 h2) + 1 2 K 1 2
2g 2g
2g 2g
Friction loss,
hf = (h1 h2) = 316.80 316.55 = 0.25 m
Now,
Q = K avg
Copyright
0.25
hf
= 5058.14
= 159.952 m3/sec
250
L
Civil Engineering Engineering Hydrology
(ii)
v1 =
159.952
Q
=
= 1.473 m/s
108.6
A1
v2 =
159.952
Q
=
= 1.603 m/s
99.8
A2
2nd iteration
Take, K = 0.1 for gradual contraction
v2 v2
v2 v2
hf = (h1 h2) + 1 2 K 1 2
2g 2g
2g 2g
1.472
1.472
1.6022
1.6022
= (316.8 316.55) +
0.1
2 9.81 2 9.81
2 9.81 2 9.81
= 0.25 0.021 + 0.0021
= 0.23166 m
Q = K avg
hf
0.228
= 5057.40
= 153.973 m3/sec
L
250
v1 =
153.96
Q
=
= 1.42 m/s
108.6
A1
v2 =
153.96
Q
=
= 1.543 m/s
99.8
A2
(iii) 3rd iteration

1.4062
1.4062
1.532
1.532
hf = 0.25 +
0.1
2 9.81 2 9.81
2 9.81 2 9.81
= 0.25 0.0186 + 0.00186 = 0.2333 m
Q = K avg
hf
0.234
= 5057.40
= 154.512 m3/sec
L
250
v1 =
154.73
Q
=
= 1.423 m/s
108.6
A1
v2 =
154.73
Q
=
= 1.548 m/s
99.8
A2
(iv) 4th iteration

1.4252
1.4252
1.552
1.552
hf = 0.25 + 2 9.81 2 9.81 0.1 2 9.81 2 9.81 = 0.233 m
Q = K avg
hf
0.233
= 5057.40
L
250
= 154.42 m3/sec
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Workbook
As the value of Q found from 3rd iteration and 4th iteration are close each other so iteration process ends
here
Qeq = 154.42 m3/s
T2 : Solution
The characteristic equation is given as
V(m/s) = 0.65 N + 0.03
where N is the number of revolutions per second.
Assuming depth at a distance of 27 m from one bank is zero.
The total discharge is calculated by method of mid sections.
W2
W1 +
2
For the first and last section average width, W =
2W1
3
For the rest of segments, W = +
2
= 3.375 m
3
=3m
2
Distance from Depth(m) Average width (m)

one bank (m)
3 +
2
=
23
Segmental discharge
Q = y V W
3.0
0.4
3.375
0.16
0.216
6.0
0.8
3.0
0.28
0.672
9.0
1.2
3.0
0.485
1.746
12.0
2.0
3.0
0.843
5.058
15.0
3.0
3.0
1.655
14.895
18.0
2.5
3.0
2.63
19.725
21.0
2.2
3.0
2.14
14.124
24.0
1.0
3.375
0.48
1.62
27.0
Qi = 58.056 m3 /s
Total discharge, Q = 58.056 m3/sec
W1
3m
W3
W2
3m
3m
W4
3m
W5
3m
W6
3m
W7
3m
W8
3m
3m
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Infiltration, Runoff and

Hydrographs
T1 : Solution
Time
Rainfall (mm)
6.0
11.0
34.0
28.0
12.0
6.0
0.0
35
34
30
Rainfall (mm)
28
20
15
12
11
10
5
0
Total precipitation,
P = 97 mm
Total runoff,
Q =
W-index =
W-index
=7.833 mm/hr
25000
50 104
3
4
5
Time (hour)
= 0.05 m = 50 mm
P Q 97 50
=
= 7.833 mm/hr
t
6
-index W-index
(Total infiltration + infiltration during period when no excess rain occurs)
Period of excess rainfall
-Index =
=
47 6 6
= 8.75 mm / hr
4
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Workbook
T2 : Solution
Time
(1)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
Ordinate
Offset S-curve
of 6 hours ordinate ordinate
hydrograph
(2)
0
1.8
30.9
85.6
41.8
14.6
5.5
1.8
(3)
0
1.8
32.7
118.3
160.1
174.7
180.2
182
182
182
(4)
0
1.8
32.7
118.3
160.1
174.7
180.2
182
182
182
182
offset
S-curve
Ordinate
of 18 hr
UH=y/3
(5)
0
1.8
32.7
118.3
160.1
174.7
180.2
182
182
(6)
0
1.8
32.7
118.3
158.3
142
61.9
21.9
7.3
2.2
0
0
(7)
0
0.6
10.9
39.43
52.77
47.3
20.63
7.3
2.43
0.73
0
0
T3 : Solution
Time Rainfall
DRH
1.
2.8
64.2 = M1
2.
5.2
288.4 = M2
3.
4.7
794.5 = M3
4.
0
1369.6 = M4
5.
0
1593.7 = M5
6.
0
1175.1 = M6
7.
0
588.1 = M7
8.
0
286.9 = M8
9.
0
170.5 = M9
10
0
110.0 = M10
Given, -index = 0.50 c/hr

Rainfall excess in first hour (R1)
Rainfall excess in second hour (R2)
Rainfall excess in third hour (R3)
2.3u1
2.3u1
u1
2.3u2 + 4.7 u1
2.3u2 + 4.7 27.91
u2
2.3 u3 + 4.7u2 + 4.2u1
2.3 u3 + 4.7 68.36 + 4.2 27.91
u3
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
R1u
2.3u1
2.3u2
2.3u3
2.3u4
2.3u5
2.3u6
2.3u7
2.3u8
2.3u9
2.3u10
R2u
4.7u1
4.7u2
4.7u3
4.7u4
4.7u5
4.7u6
4.7u7
4.7u8
4.7u9
4.7u10
R3u R1u + R2u + R3u = M
27.91 = u1
68.36 = u2
4.2u1
154.78 = u3
4.2u2
154.36 = u4
4.2u3
94.84 = u5
4.2u4
34.46 = u6
4.2u5
12.09 = u7
4.2u6
37.10 = u8
4.2u7
0 = u9
4.2u8
0 = u10
4.2u9
0 = u11
4.2u10
2.8 0.50 1 = 2.3 cm

5.2 0.50 1 = 4.7 cm
4.7 0.50 1 = 4.2 cm
M1
64.2
27.91 m3/sec
M2
288.4
68.36 m3/sec
M3
794.5
154.78 m3/sec
2.3 u4 + 4.7 u3 + 4.2 u2 = M4

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2.3u4 + 4.7 154.78 + 4.2 68.36

u4
2.345 + 4.7u4 + 4.2u3
u5
2.3u6 + 4.7u5 + 4.2u4
u6
2.3u7 + 4.7u6 + 4.2u5
u7
2.3u8 + 4.7u7 + 4.2u6
u8
2.3u9 + 4.7u8 + 4.2u7
u9
2.3u10 + 4.7u9 + 4.2u8
u10
u11
u1, u2 .... u10
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1369.6
154.36 m3/sec
1513.7
94.84
1175.1
34.46 m3/sec
588.1
12.09 m3/sec
586.9
37.10 m3/sec
170.5
0
110.0
0
0
are the ordinate of unit hydrograph.

T4 : Solution
1
Time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
3 hrUH
3
4
5
Col.4-col.5
S-curve S-curve Lagged
(4/3 )
1 m3 /sec addition ordinate by 3 hr
m3 / sec
0
0
0
0
10
10
0
13.3
60
60
0
80
120
120
0
160
170
0
170
10
213.33
200
10
210
60
200
180
60
240
120
160
150
120
270
170
133.33
124
170
294
210
112
104
210
314
240
98.67
88
240
328
270
77.33
73
270
343
294
65.33
59
294
353
314
52
48
314
362
328
45.33
36
328
364
343
28
28
343
371
353
24
20
353
373
362
19.67
10
362
375
364
17.33
8
364
375
371
5.33
3
371
375
373
2.67
0
373
375
375
0
0
375
0
375
0
375
375
2
UH
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Workbook
In 3 hr
Rainfall = 3 6 = 18 mm = 1.8 cm
Peak discharge = 213.33 1.8 = 384 m3/sec
T5 : Solution
The effective rainfall hyetograph is calculated as in the following table.
The direct runoff hydrograph is next calculated by the method of superposition as indicated in table. The
ordinates of the unit hydrograph are multiplied by the ER values successively. The second and third set of
ordinates are advanced by 6 and 12 h respectively and the ordinates at a given time interval added. The base
flow is then added to obtain the flood hydrograph shown in col. 8, table.
st
Interval
Rainfall depth (cm)
Loss @ 0.25 cm/h for 6-h
Effective rainfall (cm)
nd
rd
1 6 hours
2 6 hours
3 6 hours
3.5
1.5
2.0
(11.0 3.5) = 7.5

1.5
6.0
(16.5 11.0) = 5.5

1.5
4.0
Table : Calculation of Flood Hydrograph due to a known ERH

Time Ordinates
of UH
1
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
(21)
24
(27)
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
69
72
75
78
81
84
2
0
25
50
85
125
160
185
(172.5)
160
(135)
110
60
36
25
16
8
(2.7)
0
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DRH due to DRH due to 6 cm

DRH due to 4 cm
2 cm ER
ER Col. 2 6.0
ER Col. 2 4.0
Col. 2 2.0 (Advanced by 6-h) (Advanced by 12-h)
3
0
50
100
170
250
320
370
(345)
320
(270)
220
120
72
50
32
16
(5.4)
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
150
300
510
750
960
1110
(1035)
960
660
360
216
150
96
48
16
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
200
340
500
640
740
640
440
240
144
100
64
32
(10.8)
0
Ordinates of Base flow

3
final DRH
(m /s)
(Col. 3 + 4 + 5)
6
0
50
100
320
550
930
1320
1645
1930
1945
1920
1420
872
506
326
212
117
48
(11)
0
7
15
15
15
15
17
17
17
(17)
19
19
19
21
21
23
23
25
25
27
27
27
27
Ordinates of flood
hydrograph
3
(m /s) col.6 +7)

8
15
65
115
335
567
947
1337
1662
1949
1964
1939
1441
893
529
349
237
142
75
49
27
27
10
T6 : Solution
When the given 3 hr unit hydrograph is added to the same 3 hr unit hydrograph, placed at a lag of 3 hr,
then we obtain the ordinates of a 6 hr hydrograph containing 2 cm runoff. Hence, when this graph is divided by
2, we can obtain the hydrograph of 6 hr duration, containing 1 cm runoff, which will be nothing but 6 hr Unit
hydrograph.
This addition of 2 unit hydrographs is shown in table. The ordinates so obtained in column (4) are divided
by 2, to obtain unit hydrograph ordinates in column (5) of this table, which is self explanatory.
Time
from
start
(in hr)
Ordinate of 6 hr unit
3 hr unit
hydrograph
ordinate
3
(m /sec)
3 hr unit
hydrograph
ordinates
lagged by
3 hr
(m3/sec)
(2)+(3); i.e., ordinates

of 6 hr surface
runoff hydrograph
containing
2 cm of
runoff
(m3/sec)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
0
3
6
9
12
5
18
21
24
27
30
33
0
10
25
20
16
12
9
7
5
3
0
0
10
25
20
16
12
8
7
5
3
0
0
10
35
45
36
28
21
16
12
8
3
0
0
5
17.5
22.5
18
14
10.5
8
6
4
1.5
0
hydrograph =
Col. (4)
2
(m3/sec)
25
Ordinates (m3/s)
20
15
10
9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33
Time (hr)
These ordinates are plotted in figure to obtain the requisite Unit Hydrograph. The peak value of discharge
comes to 22.5 cumecs.
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Workbook
11
T7 : Solution
Computations are shown in table. In this table col. 2 shows the ordinates of the 4-h unit hydrograph,
col. 3 gives the S-curve additions and col. 4 gives the ordinates of the S-curve. The sequence of entry in col. 3
is shown by arrows. Values of entries in col. 4 is obtained by using eq. i.e., by summing up of entries in col. 2 and
col. 4 along each row.
Time in
hours
Ordinate of
4-h UH
1
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
2
0
10
30
25
18
10
5
0
S-curve
S4-curve ordinate
addition (m /s)
(m /s). (col. 2 + col. 3)
4
0
10
40
65
83
93
98
98
0
10
40
65
83
93
98
At t = 4 hours, Ordinates of 4h UH = 10 m3 /s
S-curve addition = ordinate of 4h UH@ {t = (4 4) 0 hours} = 0
Hence S-curve ordinate = 10 + 0 = 10 m3/s
At t = 8 hours; Ordinates of 4h UH = 30 m3/s

S-curve addition = ordinate of 4h UH @ {t = (8 4) = 4 hours} = 10 m3/s
At t = 12 hours; Ordinate of 4h UH = 25 m3/s

S-curve addition = ordinate of 4h UH@ {t = (12 4) = 8 hours} = 40 m3/s
This calculation is repeated for all time intervals till t = base width of UH = 28 hours.
Plots of the 4h UH and the derived S-curve are shown in figure.
120
Discharge (m /s)
100
S4-curve
80
60
40
4h UH
20
0
0
10
Time (h)
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12
T8 : Solution
The given characteristics of catchment M and those of its unit hydrograph are:
Lc = 76 km
L = 148 km
A = 2718 km2
T = 6 hour
Qp(T) = 200 m3/s
Tp = (37 3) = 34 h*
Now, using eq., we have
tp = Ct(L Lc)0.3
Where tp is given by,
or
Tp =
21
T
tp +
22
4
34 =
21
6
tp +
22
4
or
tp = 34.05 hours
tp = Ct(148 76)0.3
or
34.05 = Ct(16.418)
or
Ct = 2.074
...(i)
Also, we have
Qp(T) = 2.78 Cp T
where, Qp(T) = 200
m3/s,
A = 2718
km2,
Tp = 34 hour
2718
200 = 2.78Cp
34
or
Cp = 0.90
...(ii)
For catchment N, the parameters of synthetic unit hydrograph will be determined by using the above
values of Ct = 2.074 and Cp = 0.90, as determined for catchment M, because M and N are meteorologically
homogeneous.
Using eq. again, we have
tp = Ct (L Lc)0.3
or
tp = 2.074(106 52)0.3 = 27.49 hours

tp
27.49
= 5 hours
5.5
Also, we have,
t=
Now, using eq.
Tp =
21
T
tp +
22
4
We have,
Tp =
21
6
27.49 + = 27.74 hours
22
4
5.5
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Workbook
Peak discharge of UH
Qp(T) = 2.78Cp T
= 2.78 0.90
13
1400
27.74
= 126.27 m3/s, say 126 m3/s

Time base:
From eq.
From eq.
Tb = (72 + 3Tp)
= 72 + 3 27.74 = 155.22 hours
...(i)
Tb = 5 Tp +
2
6
= 5 27.74 + = 153.7 hours
...(ii)
Since Tb value obtained from both the equations above is approximately equal, we can consider it as equal
to say 155 hours.
Now, widths at 50% and 75% discharge are given as:
From equation
Now
W50 =
5.87
1.08
qp
5.87
126
1400
1.08
= 79h
where, qp =
Qp (m3 /s)
A (km2 )
1
1
of W50 i.e, 79 = 26h width will be kept before the unit hydrograph peak, and the balance
3
3
79 26 = 53 h after the peak.

Also from equation,
Now,
W75 =
W50
79
=
= 45h
1.75 1.75
1
of W50 i.e., 15 h width will be kept before the peak, and the rest 30h after the peak, while plotting
3
the unit hydrograph.

Using the above computed parameters, the unit hydrograph for catchment N is plotted, as shown in figure.
The leg EF is joined by considering that this area enclosed in the graph equals unit depth or 97 graph
squares, as explained in figure.
For precise work, the area bounded in this graph can be checked by a planimeter to be equal to unit depth
over the catchment. If it is not so, then a S-curve can be developed, which will have kinks, which can be
smoothened and reused to work out unit hydrograph, which is again checked and repeatedly corrected till
the requisite graph is finally obtained.
Copyright
14
6-h = Unit duration

Unit excess rain
= 25 mm
Tp = 27.75 h
30.75 h
Qp = 126 m /s
130
120
110
100
94.5
90
B
15
0.75 Qp
30
Discharge (m /s)
80
70
63
60
26
0.5 Qp
53
50
40
30
20
10
30.75
0
10
20 30
40
F
50
60
70
80
155
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Time in Hours
Approx no. of squares enclosed in figure = 97 Nos.

1 square = 10 m3/sec 10h
= 100 3600 m3 = 36 104 m3
Approx vol. of water enclosed in graph = 97 36 104 m3 = 3492 104 m3
3492 104
6
m=
2.494
m
1400 10
102
= 24.94 mm 25 mm (1 inch)
Depth of 1400 km2 area =
It eventually means that it is a 1 inch unit hydrograph and is approximately OK. The graph can be
precisely corrected
=
25
1
1400 106
= 97.22 Nos.
36 104
1000
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Floods, Flood Routing and

Flood Control
T1 : Solution
Time (hr )
Inflow m /s
12
24
36
48
100 750 780 470 270
Qinitial = 100 m3/s

k = 18 hours
x = 0.3
t = 12 hrs
Using Muskingham equation
kx + 0.5 t
18 0.3 + 0.5 12
C0 = k 1 x + 0.5 t = 18 1 0.3 + 0.5 12 = 0.0322
)
( )
(
kx + 0.5 t
C1 = k 1 x + 0.5 t
( )
18 0.3 + 0.5 12
= 18 1 0.3 + 0.5 12 = 0.613
)
(
18 (1 0.3) 0.5 12
k kx 0.5 t
C2 = k 1 x + 0.5 T =
18 (1 0.3) + 0.5 12 = 0.355
( )
Now,
C0 + C1 + C2 = 0.0322 + 0.613 + 0.355 = 1
Initial flood discharge, Q = 100 m3/sec.

The outflow ordinates are worked out in the table using the general equation.
Qn = C0In + C1In 1 + C2Qn 1
Q2 = C0I2 + C1I1 + C2Q1
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16
Time from Inflow

start (h)
(1)
m3 /s
(2 )
100
12
750
24
C0I2
C1I1
C2 Q1
Q in
= 0.032I2
= 0.613I1
= 0.355Q1
cumecs
( 5)
( 6)
100
(3 )
(4)
0.032 750 0.613 100 0.355 100
120.8
= 24
= 61.3
= 35.5
780
24.96
459.75
42.88
527.59
36
470
15.04
478.14
187.29
680.47
48
270
8.64
288.11
241.566
538.31
The above routing shows that the peak which occurred at t = 24 h at upstream point of river reach, now
occurs at t = 36 hr at downstream point i.e., at a lag of 12 hr.
The peak discharge also reduced from 780 m3/s to 680.47 m3/sec.
T2 : Solution
A = 3.5 km2
Base flow = 10 m3/sec
Rainfall intensity = 4 cm/hr in first hour
= 2 cm/h second hour
C0 =
6 0.2 + 0.5 3
Kx + 0.5 t
=
= 0.0476
6 6 0.2 + 0.5 3
K Kx + 0.5 t
C1 =
Kx + 0.5 t
6 0.2 + 0.5 3
=
= 0.428
K Kx + 0.5 t
63
C2 =
K Kx 0.5 t
6 6 0.2 0.5 3
=
= 0.524
K Kx + 0.5 t
63
Excess rainfall = 4 + 4 4 = 4 cm
UH
Ordinate
Time
ordinate 4 cm
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
C1I1
C0I2
0.048I 0.43I1
C2 Q1
0.524
4.8
5.24
10
25
100
100
9.6
43.0
5.26
10.04
50
200
200
30.72
86.0
27.56
52.6
160
640
640
21.12
275.2
61.16
116.72
189.2 155.27 296.32
12
110
440
440
8.64
15
45
180
180
1.54
77.4
18
32
32
13.76
41.36
78.94
21
7.21
13.76
Remarks
103.67 197.84
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Workbook
17
T3 : Solution
We know that
where
xT = x + Ks
y yn
K= T
Sn
T
yT = loge loge
T 1
where
It may be noted that yn and Sn remains same for one analysis.

X50 = 20,600 and X100 = 22,150
X500 = ?
Given data:
50
y50 = loge loge
= 3.90194
50 1
100
y100 = loge loge
= 4.60015
100 1
Now, we have
500
y500 = loge loge
= 6.21361
500 1
y 50 yn
x + S
Sn = 20,600
n
... (i)
y100 yn
x + S
Sn = 22,150
n
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
... (ii)
y100 y 50
= 1550
Sn
(4.60015 3.90194)
= 1550
Also, we have
Sn
Sn = 2219.9625
y
yn
x500 = x + 500
Sn
... (iii)
Subtracting (ii) from (iii), we get

x500 22150 = (y500 y100)
Sn
x500 = 22150 + (6.21361 4.60015) 2219.9625

x500 = 25731.82 m3/sec
T4 : Solution
Since k = 36 h and 2kx = 2 36 0.15 = 10.8 h, t should be such that k > t > 2kx i.e. 36 h >
t > 10.8 h
In the present case t = 12 hr is selected to suit the given inflow hydrograph ordinate interval.
We know that
On = CIn + C1 In1 + C2On1
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18
where
C =
36 0.15 + 0.5 12
kx + 0.5 t
=
36 36 0.15 + 0.5 12 = 0.0164
k kx + 0.5 t
C1 =
36 0.15 + 0.5 12
kx + 0.5 t
=
= 0.3115
36
36 0.15 + 0.5 12
k kx + 0.5 t
C2 =
k kx 0.5 t
36 36 0.15 0.5 12
=
= 0.6721
k kx + 0.5 t
36 36 0.15 + 0.5 12
For the first time interval, 0 to 12 h

I1 = 42
C1I1 = 0.3115 42 = 13.08
I2 = 45
CI2 = 0.0164 45 = 0.74
O1 = 42
C2O1 = 0.6721 42 = 28.23
O2 = CI2 + C1I1 + C2O1 = 0.74 + 13.08 + 28.23 = 42.05
Peak of inflow hydrograph = 342 m3/sec

Peak of outflow hydrograph = 231.13 m3/sec
Attenuation in peak flow discharge = 342 231.13 = 110.87 m3/s.
The inflow hydrograph has a peak value at t = 48 h
The outflow hydrograph has a peak value at t = 84 h
Time lag = 84 48 = 36 hrs.

Time(h) I(m3 /s) 0.0164 I2
0
42
12
45
24
88
36
272
48
342
60
288
72
240
84
198
96
162
108
133
120
110
132
90
144
79
156
68
168
61
180
56
192
54
204
51
216
48
228
45
240
42
0.3115 I1 0.6721O1 O(m3 /s)
0.74
1.44
4.46
13.08
5.61
84.73
106.53
4.72
3.94
3.25
2.66
2.18
14.02
27.41
89.71
74.76
61.68
50.46
28.23
28.26
29.38
41.17
88.39
134.18
153.12
155.34
147.65
1.80
1.48
1.30
1.12
1.00
41.43
34.26
134.61
119.53
28.03
24.61
104.36
21.18
0.92
19.00
17.44
77.68
67.12
0.89
0.84
0.79
0.74
16.82
15.89
0.69
14.02
14.95
89.85
58.50
51.64
46.58
42.52
39.12
42
42.05
43.72
61.25
131.51
199.64
227.83
231.13
219.68
200.29
177.84
155.27
133.69
115.58
99.86
87.04
76.83
69.3
63.26
58.21
53.83
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Try Yourself Questions

Precipitation and General

Thus average depth of precipitation over the basin is 8.40625 cm.

Therefore the equivalent uniform depth of rainfall = 59.98 mm

Evaporation, Transpiration &

Average conveyance is given by

hf = (h1 h2) = 316.80 316.55 = 0.25 m

Civil Engineering Engineering Hydrology

(iii) 3rd iteration

= 0.25 0.0186 + 0.00186 = 0.2333 m

(iv) 4th iteration

Distance from Depth(m) Average width (m)

Total discharge, Q = 58.056 m3/sec

Infiltration, Runoff and

Given, -index = 0.50 c/hr

2.3u2 + 4.7 27.91

2.3 u3 + 4.7 68.36 + 4.2 27.91

R3u R1u + R2u + R3u = M

2.8 0.50 1 = 2.3 cm

2.3 u4 + 4.7 u3 + 4.2 u2 = M4

Civil Engineering Engineering Hydrology

2.3u4 + 4.7 154.78 + 4.2 68.36

are the ordinate of unit hydrograph.

(11.0 3.5) = 7.5

(16.5 11.0) = 5.5

Table : Calculation of Flood Hydrograph due to a known ERH

DRH due to DRH due to 6 cm

Ordinates of Base flow

(m /s) col.6 +7)

Civil Engineering Engineering Hydrology

(2)+(3); i.e., ordinates

(m /s). (col. 2 + col. 3)

At t = 8 hours; Ordinates of 4h UH = 30 m3/s

At t = 12 hours; Ordinate of 4h UH = 25 m3/s

Civil Engineering Engineering Hydrology

where, Qp(T) = 200

tp = 2.074(106 52)0.3 = 27.49 hours

Now, using eq.

= 126.27 m3/s, say 126 m3/s

= 5 27.74 + = 153.7 hours

79 26 = 53 h after the peak.

the unit hydrograph.

Civil Engineering Engineering Hydrology

6-h = Unit duration

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170

Approx no. of squares enclosed in figure = 97 Nos.

Depth of 1400 km2 area =

Floods, Flood Routing and

100 750 780 470 270

Qinitial = 100 m3/s

C0 + C1 + C2 = 0.0322 + 0.613 + 0.355 = 1

Initial flood discharge, Q = 100 m3/sec.

Civil Engineering Engineering Hydrology

Time from Inflow

0.032 750 0.613 100 0.355 100

189.2 155.27 296.32

It may be noted that yn and Sn remains same for one analysis.

Subtracting (ii) from (iii), we get

x500 = 22150 + (6.21361 4.60015) 2219.9625