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    Bahadur Shah Zafar 2012 3

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    Amit Gautam
    This document provides biographical information about Bahadur Shah Zafar in 3 paragraphs. It states that he was the last Mughal emperor of India, ruling from 1837 until being exiled by the British after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. As emperor, he presided over a greatly diminished empire and was largely a pensioner of the British East India Company. He was also a noted Urdu poet who wrote many ghazals. The document provides summaries of his life, including his ascension to the throne, his reign as emperor, and his death in exile in 1862.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Bahadur Shah Zafar 2012 3

    Uploaded by

    Amit Gautam
    333 views11 pages
    This document provides biographical information about Bahadur Shah Zafar in 3 paragraphs. It states that he was the last Mughal emperor of India, ruling from 1837 until being exiled by the British after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. As emperor, he presided over a greatly diminished empire and was largely a pensioner of the British East India Company. He was also a noted Urdu poet who wrote many ghazals. The document provides summaries of his life, including his ascension to the throne, his reign as emperor, and his death in exile in 1862.

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    A sayari collection of Bhadur Shah zafar

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    This document provides biographical information about Bahadur Shah Zafar in 3 paragraphs. It states that he was the last Mughal emperor of India, ruling from 1837 until being exiled by the British after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. As emperor, he presided over a greatly diminished empire and was largely a pensioner of the British East India Company. He was also a noted Urdu poet who wrote many ghazals. The document provides summaries of his life, including his ascension to the throne, his reign as emperor, and his death in exile in 1862.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    333 views11 pages

    Bahadur Shah Zafar 2012 3

    Uploaded by

    Amit Gautam
    This document provides biographical information about Bahadur Shah Zafar in 3 paragraphs. It states that he was the last Mughal emperor of India, ruling from 1837 until being exiled by the British after the Indian Rebellion of 1857. As emperor, he presided over a greatly diminished empire and was largely a pensioner of the British East India Company. He was also a noted Urdu poet who wrote many ghazals. The document provides summaries of his life, including his ascension to the throne, his reign as emperor, and his death in exile in 1862.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Classic Poetry Series

    Bahadur Shah Zafar


    - poems -

    Publication Date:
    2012

    Publisher:
    PoemHunter.Com - The World's Poetry Archive

    Bahadur Shah Zafar (24 October 1775 - 7 November


    1862)
    Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar (1775 - 1862) , also

    known as Bahadur Shah or Bahadur Shah II was the last of the Mughal
    emperors in India, as well as the last ruler of the Timurid Dynasty. He was
    the son of Akbar Shah II and Lalbai, who was a Hindu Rajput. He became the
    Mughal Emperor upon his father's death on 28 September 1837. Zafar
    ,meaning victory was his 'nom de plume' (takhallus) as an Urdu poet.
    He has written many Urdu ghazals. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the
    British Administration exiled him from Delhi.
    Ascent to the Throne / Masnad
    Zafar's father, Akbar Shah Saani II, ruled over a rapidly disintegrating
    empire between 1806 to 1837. It was during his time that the East India
    Company dispensed with even the fig leaf of ruling in the name of the
    Mughal monarch and removed his name from the Persian texts that
    appeared on the coins struck by the company in the areas under their
    control.
    Bahadur Shah Zafar who succeeded him was not Akbar Shah Saanis choice
    as his successor. Akbar Shah was, in fact, under great pressure by one of his
    queens, Mumtaz Begum to declare her son Mirza Jahangir as the successor.
    Akbar Shah would have probably accepted this demand but Mirza Jahangir
    had fallen afoul of the British and they would have none of this.
    As Emperor
    Bahadur Shah Zafar presided over a Mughal empire that barely extended
    beyond Delhi's Red Fort. The East India Company were the dominant political
    and military power in mid 19th-century India. Outside British India, hundreds
    of kingdoms and principalities, from the large to the small, fragmented the
    land. The emperor in Delhi was paid some respect by the Company and
    allowed a pension, the authority to collect some taxes, and to maintain a
    small military force in Delhi, but he posed no threat to any power in India.
    Bahadur Shah II himself did not take an interest in statecraft or possess any
    imperial ambitions. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the British
    Administration exiled him from Delhi.
    Emperor Bahadur Shah is seen by some in India as a freedom fighter (he
    was Commander-In-Chief of the mutiny army), fighting for India's
    independence from the Company. As the last ruling member of the imperial
    Timurid Dynasty he was surprisingly composed and calm when Major Hodson
    presented decapitated heads of his own sons to him as Nowruz gifts. He is
    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    famously remembered to have said.


    "Praise be to Allah, that descendents of Timur always come in front of their
    fathers in this way."
    As Poet
    Bahadur Shah Zafar was a noted Urdu poet, and wrote a large number of
    Urdu ghazals. While some part of his opus was lost or destroyed during the
    Indian Rebellion of 1857, a large collection did survive, and was later
    compiled into the Kulliyyat-i-Zafar. The court that he maintained, although
    somewhat decadent and arguably pretentious for someone who was
    effectively a pensioner of the British East India Company, was home to
    several Urdu writers of high standing, including Ghalib, Dagh, Mumin, and
    Zauq.
    Religious Attitudes
    Bahadur Shah Zafar was a devout Sufi. Zafar was himself regarded as a Sufi
    Pir and used to accept murids or pupils.The loyalist newspaper Delhi Urdu
    Akhbaar once called him one of the leading saints of the age, approved of by
    the divine court. Prior to his accession, in his youth he made it a point to live
    and look like a poor scholar and dervish, in stark contrast to his three well
    dressed dandy brothers, Mirza Jahangir, Salim and Babur. In 1828, when
    Zafar was 53 and a decade before he succeeded the throne, Major Archer
    reported, "Zafar is a man of spare figure and stature, plainly apparelled,
    almost approaching to meanness. His appearance is that of an indigent
    munshi or teacher of languages".
    As a poet and dervish, Zafar imbibed the highest subtleties of mystical Sufi
    teachings.At the same time, he was deeply susceptible to the magical and
    superstitious side of Orthodox Sufism. Like many of his followers, he believed
    that his position as both a Sufi pir and emperor gave him tangible spiritual
    powers. In an incident in which one of his followers was bitten by a snake,
    Zafar attempted to cure him by sending a "seal of Bezoar" (a stone antidote
    to poison) and some water on which he had breathed, and giving it to the
    man to drink.
    Death
    Bahadur Shah died in exile on 7 November 1862. He was buried near the
    Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, at the site that later became known as
    Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah. His wife Zeenat Mahal died in 1886.
    In a marble enclosure adjoining the dargah of Sufi saint, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar
    Kaki at Mehrauli, an empty grave or Sardgah marks the site where he had
    willed to be buried along with some of his Mughal predecessors, Akbar Shah
    II, Bahadur Shah I (also known as Shah Alam I) and Shah Alam II.

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    bat karni mujhe mushkil


    bat karni mujhe mushkil kabhi aisi to na thi
    jaisi ab hai teri mahfil kabhi aisi to na thi
    le gaya chin k kaun aj tera sabr-o-qarar
    beqarari tujhe ai dil kabhi aisi to na thi
    chashm-e-qatil meri dushman thi hamesha lekin
    jaise ab ho gai qatil kabhi aisi to na thi
    un ki ankhon ne Khuda jane kiya kya jadu
    k tabiyat meri mael kabhi aisi to na thi
    aks-e-ruKh-e-yar ne kis se hai tujhe chamkaya
    tab tujh mein mah-e-kamil kabhi aisi to na thi
    kya sabab tu jo bigarta hai 'Zafar' se har bar
    khu teri hur-e-shamail kabhi aisi to na thi
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    dil ki meri beqarari


    dil ki meri beqarari mujh se kuch pucho nahin
    shab ki meri ah-o-zari mujh se kuch pucho nahin
    bar-e-gam se mujh pe roz-e-hijr mein ik ik ghari
    kya kahun hai kaisi bhari mujh se kuch pucho nahin
    meri surat hi se bas malum kar lo ham-damo
    tum haqiqat meri sari mujh se kuch pucho nahin
    sham se ta-subah jo bistar pe tum bin rat ko
    main ne ki akhtar-shumari mujh se kuch pucho nahin
    ai 'Zafar' jo hal hai mera karunga gar bayan
    hogi un ki sharm-sari mujh se kuch pucho nahin
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    ja kahyio un se nasim-e-sahar
    ja kahyio un se nasim-e-sahar mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    tumhen meri na mujh ko tumhari khabar mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    na haram mein tumhare yar pata na surag dair mein hai milta
    kahan ja k dekhun main jaun kidhar mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    ai badshah-e-khuban-e-jahan teri mohni surat pe qurban
    k main ne jo teri jabin pe nazar mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    hui bad-e-bhari chaman mein ayan gul buti mein baqi rahi na fiza
    meri shakh-e-ummid na lai sanwar mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    ai barq-e-tajalli bahar-e-Khuda na jala mujhe hijr mein shamma sa
    meri zist hai misl-e-chirag-e-sahar mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    kehta hai yahi ro ro k 'Zafar' meri ah-e-rasa ka hua na asar
    teri hijr mein maut na ai abhi mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    yahi khana tha shero k aj 'Zafar' meri ah-e-rasa mein hua na asar
    tere hijr mein maut na ai magar mera chain gaya meri nind gai
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    Jee Nehein Lagta Ujrey Diyaar Mein (English)


    My heart has no repose in this despoiled land
    Who has ever felt fulfilled in this futile world?
    The nightingale complains about neither the sentinel nor the hunter
    Fate had decreed imprisonment during the harvest of spring
    Tell these longings to go dwell elsewhere
    What space is there for them in this besmirched heart?
    Sitting on a branch of flowers, the nightingale rejoices
    It has strewn thorns in the garden of my heart
    I asked for a long life, I received four days
    Two passed in desire, two in waiting.
    The days of life are over, evening has fallen
    I shall sleep, legs outstretched, in my tomb
    How unfortunate is Zafar! For his burial
    Not even two yards of land were to be had, in the land of his beloved.
    [Translation from Urdu Poem 'Jee Nehein Lagta Ujrey Diyaar Mein']
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    khulta nahin hai hal


    khulta nahin hai hal kisi par kahe bagair
    par dil ki jan lete hain dilbar kahe bagair
    main kyunkar kahun tum ao k dil ki kashish se wo
    ayenge daure ap mere ghar kahe bagair
    kya tab kya majal hamari k bosa len
    lab ko tumhare lab se milkar kahe bagair
    bedard tu sune na sune lek dard-e-dil
    rahta nahin hai ashiq-e-muztar kahe bagair
    taqdir k siwa nahin milta kahin se bhi
    dilawata ai 'Zafar' hai muqaddar kahe bagair
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    Lagta Nahin Hai Dil Mera


    Lagtaa nahin hai dil meraa ujday dayaar mein
    kis ki bani hai aalam-e-naa_paayedaar mein
    kah do in hasraton se kahin aur jaa basein
    itani jagah kahaan hai dil-e-daagdaar mein
    umr-e-daraaz maang kar laaye they chaar din
    do arzoo mein kaT gaye do intezaar mein
    kitnaa hai bad_naseeb 'Zafar' dafn key liye
    do gaz zamin bhi na mili kuu-e-yaar mein
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    Na Kisii Ki Aankh ka Noor Huun


    naa kisii kii aaNkh kaa nuur huuN, naa kisii ke dil kaa qaraar huuN
    jo kisii ke kaam na aa sake, maiN vo ek musht-e-gubaar huuN
    main nahin huun naghma-e-jaaN feza, koii sun ke mujh ko karega kya
    main baRe birog ki huuN sada, maiN baRe dukhoN ki pukaar huun
    meraa rang ruup bigaD gayaa, meraa yaar mujh se bichaD gayaa
    jo chaman khizaaN se ujaR gayaa, main usi ki fasl-e-bahaar huun
    naa to maiN kisii kaa habiib huuN, naa to maiN kisii kaa raqiib huuN,
    jo bigaD gayaa vo nasiib huun, jo ujaD gayaa vo dayaar huun.
    padhe faatihaa koi aae kyuuN, koi chaar phuul chaDhaae kyuuN?
    koi aake shamaa jalaae kyuuN, maiN vo bekasi kaa mazaar huuN
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    10

    yar tha gulzar tha


    yar tha gulzar tha bad-e-saba thi main na tha
    layaq-e-pa-bos-e-jan kya hina thi main na tha
    hath kyon bandhe mere chala agar chori hua
    ye sarapa shokhi-e-rang-e-hina thi main na tha
    main ne pucha kya hua wo ap ka husn-o-shabab
    hans k bola wo sanam shan-e-Khuda thi main na tha
    main sisakta rah gaya aur mar gaye farahad-o-qais
    kya unhin donon k hisse mein qaza thi main na tha
    Bahadur Shah Zafar

    www.PoemHunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive

    11

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