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R Graphics

This document discusses various functions and customization options in R for creating different types of plots and graphs, including: - The plot() function for basic line graphs and adding titles, labels, colors, sizes - Customizing plots with options like font, color, size, line type, limits - Histograms and adjusting bins, labels, colors, scales - Stem and leaf plots, boxplots, and multiple boxplots with formulas - Scatterplots, scatterplot matrices, and correlation - Barplots for displaying counts and customizing labels, shades, sizes It provides examples of code and arguments for each type of graph to demonstrate how to create and modify basic and advanced visualizations in

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43 views4 pages

R Graphics

This document discusses various functions and customization options in R for creating different types of plots and graphs, including: - The plot() function for basic line graphs and adding titles, labels, colors, sizes - Customizing plots with options like font, color, size, line type, limits - Histograms and adjusting bins, labels, colors, scales - Stem and leaf plots, boxplots, and multiple boxplots with formulas - Scatterplots, scatterplot matrices, and correlation - Barplots for displaying counts and customizing labels, shades, sizes It provides examples of code and arguments for each type of graph to demonstrate how to create and modify basic and advanced visualizations in

Uploaded by

Anonymous d70CGo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Graphics with R

The plot() function


> Fibonacci <- c(1,1,2,3,5,8,13)
> plot(Fibonacci)

Add title, subtitle and axes labels


> plot(Fibonacci,
+
main = "Fibonacci series", # title
+
sub = "An elegant series", # subtitle
+
xlab = "Index",
# x-axis label
+
ylab = "Fibonacci"
# y-axis label
+)

Other customisations
> plot (x = Fibonacci,
+
main = "The first 7 Fibonacci numbers",
# title
+
sub = "An elegant series",
# subtitle
+
xlab = "Position in the sequence",
# x-axis label
+
ylab = "The Fibonacci number",
# y-axis label
+
font.main = 1,
# plain text for title
+
font.sub = 2,
# boldface font
+
font.lab = 3,
# italics
+
font.axis = 4,
# bold italics
+
col.main = "red",
# title font colour
+
col.sub = "gray25",
# subtitle font colour
+
col.lab = "black",
# label font colour
+
col.axis = "springgreen4",
# axis font colour
+
cex.main = 1.2,
# title font size
+
cex.sub = 1,
# subtitle font size
+
cex.lab = 1,
# label font size
+
cex.axis = 1,
# axis font size
+
type = "b",
# plot type: "p" point, "l" line, "b" both,
+
# "o" line over the top of points,
+
# "h" histogram-like vertical bars
+
# "s" or "S" staircase,
+
# "c" connecting lines from "b" version
+
col = "blue",
# plot colour
+
pch = 19,
# plot character
+
cex = 5,
# plot 5x the usual size
+
lty = 2,
# change line type to dashed
+
lwd = 4,
# change line width to 4x usual
+
xlim = c(0, 15),
# x scale limits
+
ylim = c(0, 15),
# y scale limits
+)

For plot character and line types, see p156 Navarro.

Histograms
> load("aflsmall.Rdata")
> hist(afl.margins)
> hist(afl.margins, breaks = 3)
> hist(afl.margins, breaks = 0:116)

# specify the number of bins


# give a vector to specify where breaks occur

> hist(x = afl.margins,


+
main = "2010 AFL margins",
# plot title
+
xlab = Margin,
# set the x-axis label
+
density = 10,
# draw shading lines, 10 per inch
+
angle = 40,
# set the angle of shading lines to 40 degrees
+
col = "gray80",
# set the colour of shading lines
+
border = "gray20",
# set the colour of the borders of the bars
+
labels = TRUE,
# add frequency labels to each bar
+
ylim = c(0,40)
# change the scale of y-axis
+)

Stem and leaf, Boxplots


> stem(afl.margins)

Draw a single boxplot:


> boxplot(x = afl.margins,
+
xlab = "AFL games, 2010",
+
ylab = "Winning Margin",
+
border = "grey50",
# dim the border of the box
+
frame.plot = FALSE,
# don't draw a frame
+
staplewex = 0,
# don't draw staples
+
whisklty = 1
# solid line type for whisker
+)

Draw multiple boxplots e.g. margin variable for each year:


> load("aflsmall2.Rdata")
> who(TRUE)
-- Name --- Class -- -- Size -afl2
data.frame 4296 x 2
$margin
numeric
4296
$year
numeric
4296
> head(afl2)
margin year
1
33 1987
2
59 1987
3
45 1987
4
91 1987
5
39 1987
6
1 1987

> boxplot(formula = margin ~ year,


# the formula
+
data = afl2,
# the dataset
+
xlab = AFL season,
+
ylab = Winning Margin,
+
frame.plot = FALSE,
# don't draw a frame
+
staplewex = 0,
# don't draw staples
+
staplecol = white,
# (fixes a tiny display issue)
+
boxwex = 0.75,
# narrow the boxes slightly
+
boxfill = grey80,
# lightly shade the boxes
+
whisklty = 1,
# solid line for whiskers
+
whiskcol = grey70,
# dim the whiskers
+
boxcol = grey70,
# dim the box borders
+
outcol = grey70,
# dim the outliers
+
outpch = 20,
# outliers as solid dots
+
outcex = 0.5,
# shrink the outliers
+
medlty = blank,
# no line for the medians
+
medpch = 20,
# instead, draw solid dots
+
medlwd = 1.5
# make them larger
)

Scatterplots
A simple scatterplot:

> library(car)
# scatterplot() is contained in this library
> scatterplot(dan.grump ~ dan.sleep,
+
data = parenthood,
+
smooth = FALSE
# prevents drawing a smooth trendline
+)

To get scatter plot matrix, use the pairs() function:

> cor(x = parenthood)


# this is the correlation matrix we want to plot
dan.sleep baby.sleep dan.grump
day
dan.sleep 1.00000000 0.62794934 -0.90338404 -0.09840768
baby.sleep 0.62794934 1.00000000 -0.56596373 -0.01043394
dan.grump -0.90338404 -0.56596373 1.00000000 0.07647926
day
-0.09840768 -0.01043394 0.07647926 1.00000000
> pairs(x = parenthood)
# gives a 4x4 scatterplot matrix

You can specify which variables you want for the matrix:

> pairs(formula = ~ dan.sleep + baby.sleep + dan.grump,


# exclude the day variable
+
data = parenthood
# gives a 3x3 scatterplot matrix
+)

Barplots
e.g. display the number of finals each team played over the time spanned by afl dataset.
> afl.freq <- tabulate(afl.finalists)
> teams <- levels(afl.finalists)

# create a vector with info to be displayed


# create a variable with team names

> barplot(height = afl.freq,


# specify the argument name
+
names.arg = teams,
# label each bar with the name of the team
+
las = 2
# rotate labels: text is perpendicular to the axis
+
ylab = Number of finals,
+
main = Finals played, 1987-2010,
+
density = 10,
# shade the bars
+
angle = 20,
# shade the lines angle
+)

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