Chaos

n the Theogony of Hesiod, "chaos" is a divine primordial condition, which is the origin of the gods, and all things. It seems that in Hesiod's opinion, the origin
should be indefinite and indeterminate, and it may represent infinite space, or formless matter.[3] The notion of the temporal infinity was familiar to the Greek mind
from remote antiquity in the religious conception of immortality [10] This idea of "the divine" as an origin, influenced the first Greek philosophers. [23] The main object
of the first efforts to explain the world, remained the description of its growth, from a beginning. They believed that the world arouse out from a primal unity, and
that this substance was the permanent base of all its being. It seems that Anaximander was influenced by the traditional popular conceptions and Hesiods
thought, when he claims that the origin is "apeiron" (the unlimited), a divine and perpetual substance less definite than the common elements. Everything is
generated from apeiron, and must return there according to necessity. [24] A popular conception of the nature of the world, was that the earth below its surface
stretches down indefinitely and has its roots on or above Tartarus, the lower part of the underworld. [25] In a phrase of Xenophanes, "The upper limit of the earth
borders on air, near our feet. The lower limit reaches down to the "apeiron" (i.e. the unlimited).[25] Some of the passages in Theogony, between 734-819, are
probably additions to the original text. The sources and limits of the earth, the sea ,the sky, Tartarus, and all things are located in a great windy- gap , which
seems to be infinite , and is a later specification of "chaos". [25] [26] Primal Chaos was sometimes said to be the true foundation of reality, particularly by
philosophers such as Heraclitus.
Ananke
n Greek mythology, Ananke /nki/, also spelled Anangke, Anance, or Anagke (Ancient Greek: , from the common noun , "force, constraint,
necessity"), was the personification of destiny, necessity and fate, depicted as holding a spindle. She marks the beginning of the cosmos, along with Chronos.
She was seen as the most powerful dictator of all fate and circumstance which meant that mortals, as well as the Gods, respected her and paid homage.
Considered as the mother of the Fates according to one version, she is the only one to have control over their decisions[1](except, according to some sources,
also Zeus[2]).According to the ancient Greek traveller Pausanias, there was a temple in ancient Corinth where the goddesses Ananke and Bia (meaning violence
or violent haste) were worshipped together in the same shrine. Her Roman counterpart was Necessitas ("necessity").[3]
Chronos
Chronos was imagined as a god, serpentine shape in form, with three headsthose of a man, a bull, and a lion.[citation needed] He and his
consort,serpentine Ananke (Inevitability), circled the primal world egg in their coils and split it apart to form the ordered universe of earth, sea and sky.Chronos
was confused with, or perhaps consciously identified with, due to the similarity in name, the Titan Cronus already in antiquity,[1]the identification becoming more
widespread during the Renaissance, giving rise to the allegory of "Father Time" wielding the harvesting scythe.He was depicted in Greco-Roman mosaics as a
man turning the Zodiac Wheel.[citation needed] Chronos, however, might also be contrasted with thedeity Aion as Eternal Time[2] (see aeon).Chronos is usually
portrayed through an old, wise man with a long, grey beard, similar to Father Time. Some of the current English words whose etymological root
is khronos/chronos include chronology, chronometer, chronic, anachronism, and chronicle.
Eros
According to Hesiod (c. 700 BC), one of the most ancient of all Greek sources, Eros was a primordial god, that is, he was born of Chaos. He was the fourth god
to come into existence, coming after Chaos, Gaia (the Earth), and Tartarus (the Abyss or the Underworld).[5] he was the child of Night (Nyx).[3] Aristophanes (c.
400 BC), influenced by Orphism, relates the birth of Eros and then of the entire human race.At the beginning there was only Chaos, Night (Nyx), Darkness
(Erebus), and the Abyss (Tartarus). Earth, the Air and Heaven had no existence. Firstly, blackwinged Night laid a germless egg in the bosom of the infinite deeps
of Darkness, and from this, after the revolution of long ages, sprang the graceful Love (Eros) with his glittering golden wings, swift as the whirlwinds of the
tempest. He mated in the deep Abyss with dark Chaos, winged like himself, and thus hatched forth our race, which was the first to see the light. [7]
Phanes
Phanes (Ancient Greek: , from , phain, "I bring to light"), or Protogonos (Greek: , "First-born"), was the mystic primeval deity of
procreation and the generation of new life, who was introduced into Greek mythology by the Orphic tradition; other names for this Classical Greek Orphic concept
included Ericapaeus ( or "power") and Metis ("thought").[1]In these myths Phanes is often equated with Eros and Mithras and has been
depicted as a deity emerging from a cosmic egg, entwined with aserpent. He had a helmet and had broad, golden wings. The Orphic cosmogony is bizarre, and
quite unlike the creation sagas offered byHomer and Hesiod. Scholars have suggested that Orphism is "un-Greek" even "Asiatic" in conception, because of its
inherent dualism. Time, who was also called Aion, created the silver egg of the universe, out of this egg burst out the first-born, Phanes, who was also
calledDionysus. Phanes was a uroboric male-female deity of light and goodness, whose name means "to bring light" or "to shine"; a first-born god of light who
emerges from a void or a watery abyss and gives birth to the universe.[2]
Uranus
Uranus (/j rns/ or /jrens/; Ancient Greek , Ouranos meaning "sky" or "heaven") was the primal Greek god personifying the sky. His equivalent
in Roman mythology was Caelus. In Ancient Greek literature, Uranus or Father Sky was the son and husband of Gaia, Mother Earth. According
to Hesiod's Theogony, Uranus was conceived by Gaia alone, but other sources citeAether as his father.[3] Uranus and Gaia were the parents of the first
generation of Titans, and the ancestors of most of the Greek gods, but no cult addressed directly to Uranus survived into Classical times,[4] and Uranus does not
appear among the usual themes of Greek painted pottery. Elemental Earth, Sky and Styx might be joined, however, in a solemn invocation in Homeric epic.[5]
Gaia
In Greek mythology, Gaia (/e./ or /a./; from Ancient Greek , a poetical form of G , "land" or "earth";[1] also Gaea, orGe) was the personification of
the Earth,[2] one of the Greek primordial deities. Gaia was the great mother of all: the primal Greek Mother Goddess; creator and giver of birth to the Earth and all
the Universe; the heavenly gods, the Titans, and the Giants were born to her. The gods reigning over their classical pantheon were born from her union
with Uranus (the sky), while the sea-gods were born from her union with Pontus (the sea). Her equivalent in the Roman pantheon was Terra.[3]
Pontus

In Greek mythology, Pontus[pronunciation?] or Pontos () (English translation: "sea") was an ancient, pre-Olympian sea-god, one of the Greek primordial deities.
Pontus was Gaia's son and, according to the Greek poet Hesiod, he was born without coupling.[1] For Hesiod, Pontus seems little more than a personification of
the sea, ho pontos, "the Road", by which Hellenes signified the Mediterranean Sea.[2]With Gaia, he fathered Nereus (the Old Man of the Sea), Thaumas (the awestriking "wonder" of the Sea, embodiment of the sea's dangerous aspects), Phorcys and his sister-consort Ceto, and the "Strong Goddess" Eurybia. With the sea
goddess Thalassa (whose own name simply means "sea" but is derived from a pre-Greek root), he fathered the Telchines and all sea life.[1][3][4][5][6]
Tartarus
In Greek mythology, Tartarus is both a deity and a place in the underworld. In ancient Orphic sources and in the mystery schools, Tartarus is also the unbounded
first-existing entity from which the Light and the cosmos are born.In the Greek poet Hesiod's Theogony, c. 700 BC, Tartarus was the third of the primordial deities,
following after Chaos and Gaia (Earth), and preceding Eros.[2]As for the place, Hesiod asserts that a bronze anvil falling from heaven would fall nine days before it
reached the earth. The anvil would take nine more days to fall from earth to Tartarus.[3] In The Iliad (c. 700 BC), Zeus asserts that Tartarus is "as far beneath
Hades as heaven is high above the earth."
Hemera
In Greek mythology Hemera (/hmr/; Ancient Greek: [hmra] "day") was the personification of day and one of the Greek primordial deities. She is the
goddess of the daytime and, according to Hesiod, the daughter of Erebus and Nyx (the goddess of night).[1] Hemera is remarked upon in Cicero's De Natura
Deorum, where it is logically determined that Dies (Hemera) must be a god, if Uranus is a god.[2] The poet Bacchylides states that Nyx and Chronos are the
parents, but Hyginus in his preface to the Fabulaementions Chaos as the mother/father and Nyx as her sister.She was the female counterpart of her brother and
consort, Aether (Light), but neither of them figured actively in myth or cult. Hyginus lists their children as Uranus, Gaia, and Thalassa (the primordial sea
goddess), while Hesiod only lists Thalassa as their child.
, Erebus
In Greek mythology, Erebus /rbs/, also Erebos (Greek:, "deep darkness, shadow"),[1] was often conceived as a primordial deity, representing the
personification of darkness; for instance, Hesiod's Theogony identifies him as one of the first five beings in existence, born ofChaos.[2] Erebus features little in
Greek mythological tradition and literature, but is said to have fathered several other deities with Nyx; depending on the source of the mythology, this union
includes Aether, Hemera, the Hesperides, Hypnos, the Moirai, Geras, Styx, Charon, and Thanatos.
Moira
in Greek mythology, the Moirai (Ancient Greek: , "apportioners", Latinized as Moerae)often known in English as the Fateswere the white-robed
incarnations of destiny (Roman equivalent: Parcae, euphemistically the "sparing ones", or Fata; also analogous to the Germanic Norns). Their number became
fixed at three: Clotho (spinner), Lachesis (allotter) and Atropos (unturnable).They controlled the metaphorical thread of life of every mortal from birth to death.
They were independent, at the helm of necessity, directed fate, and watched that the fate assigned to every being by eternal laws might take its course without
obstruction. The gods and men had to submit to them,
Nyx
Nyx (Greek: , "Night")[1] Roman (in Latin): Nox is the Greek goddess (or personification) of the night. A shadowy figure, Nyx stood at or near the beginning
of creation, and was the mother of other personified deities such as Hypnos (Sleep) and Thanatos(Death). Her appearances are sparse in surviving mythology,
but reveal her as a figure of such exceptional power and beauty, that she is feared by Zeus himself. She is found in the shadows of the world and only ever seen
in glimpses.
Oceanus (/osins/; Ancient Greek: (keans);[2] pronounced [keans]) was a pseudo-geographical feature in classical antiquity, believed by
the ancient Greeks and Romans to be the divine personification of the World Ocean, an enormous riverencircling the world.Strictly speaking, Oceanus was
the ocean-stream at the Equator in which floated the habitable hemisphere (,oikoumene).[3] In Greek mythology, this world-ocean was personified as
a Titan, a son of Uranus and Gaea. In Hellenistic and Roman mosaics, this Titan was often depicted as having the upper body of a muscular man with a long
beard and horns (often represented as the claws of a crab) and the lower body of a serpent (cf. Typhon). On a fragmentary archaic vessel of circa 580 BC (British
Museum 1971.11-1.1), among the gods arriving at the wedding of Peleus and the sea-nymph Thetis, is a fish-tailed Oceanus, with a fish in one hand and a
serpent in the other, gifts of bounty and prophecy. In Roman mosaics, such as that from Bardo he might carry a steering-oar and cradle a ship.
Mnemosyne (/nmzni/ or /nmsni/; Greek: M, pronounced [mnmosn]), source of the word mnemonic,[2] was the personification
of memory in Greek mythology. A Titanide, or Titaness, she was the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, and the mother of the nine Muses by Zeus:
Calliope (Epic Poetry)
Clio (History)
Euterpe (Music)
Erato (Lyric Poetry)
Melpomene (Tragedy)
Polyhymnia (Hymns)

Terpsichore (Dance)
Thalia (Comedy)
Urania (Astronomy)
In Hesiod's Theogony, kings and poets receive their powers of authoritative speech from their possession of Mnemosyne and their special relationship with the
Muses.
Themis (Greek: ) is an ancient Greek Titaness. She is described as "of good counsel", and is the personification of divine order, law,natural law and
custom. Themis means "divine law" rather than human ordinance, literally "that which is put in place", compared with tthmi(Greek: ), meaning "to put".To
the ancient Greeks she was originally the organizer of the "communal affairs of humans, particularly assemblies". [1] Moses Finley remarked of themis, as the word
was used by Homer in the 8th century, to evoke the social order of the 10th- and 9th-century Greek Dark Ages:Themis is untranslatable. A gift of the gods and a
mark of civilized existence, sometimes it means right custom, proper procedure, social order, and sometimes merely the will of the gods (as revealed by
an omen, for example) with little of the idea of right.[2]Finley adds, "There was themiscustom, tradition, folk-ways, mores, whatever we may call it, the enormous
power of 'it is (or is not) done'. The world of Odysseus had a highly developed sense of what was fitting and proper."[3]
In Greek mythology, Selene (/slini/; Greek [seln] 'moon';) is the goddess of the moon. She is the daughter of the TitansHyperion and Theia, and
sister of the sun-god Helios, and of Eos, goddess of the dawn. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Several lovers are attributed to her in various
myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. In classical times, Selene was often identified with Artemis, much as her brother, Helios, was identified
with Apollo.[1] Both Selene and Artemis were also associated with Hecate, and all three were regarded as lunar goddesses, although only Selene was regarded
as the personification of the moon itself. Her Roman equivalent is Luna.[2]
n Greek mythology, s (/is/; Ancient Greek: , or , s, "dawn", pronounced [ s] or [s]; also , As in Aeolic) is a Titaness and
the goddess[1][full citation needed] of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the edge of the Oceanus.
rometheus (/prmiis/; Greek: , pronounced [promtes], meaning "forethought")[1] is a Titan who sided withZeus and the ascending Olympian
gods in the vast cosmological struggle against Cronus and the other Titans in Greek mythology. Prometheus was therefore on the conquering side of the
cataclysmic war of the Greek gods, called the "Titanomachia", where Zeus and the Olympian gods ultimately defeated Cronos and the other Titans.Ancient myths
and legends relate at least four versions of the narratives describing Prometheus, his exploits with Zeus, and his eternal punishment as also inflicted by Zeus.
There is a single somewhat comprehensive version of the birth of Prometheus and several variant versions of his subjection to eternal suffering at the will of
Zeus. The most significant narratives of his origin appear in the Theogeny of Hesiod which relates Prometheus as being the son of the Titan Iapetus by
Clymene, one of the Oceanids. Hesiod then presents Prometheus as subsequently being a lowly challenger to Zeuss omnipotence. In the trick at Mecone,
Prometheus tricks Zeus into eternally claiming the inedible parts of cows and bulls for the sacrificial ceremonies of the Gods, while conceding the nourishing parts
to humans for the eternal benefit of humankind. The two remaining central episodes regarding Prometheus as written by Hesiod include his theft of fire from
Olympus for the benefit of humanity against the will of Zeus, and the eternal punishment which Prometheus would endure for these acts as inflicted upon him by
the judgment of Zeus. For the greater part, the pre-Athenian ancient sources are selective in which of these narrative elements they chose by their own
preferences to honor and support, and which ones they chose to exclude. The specific combinations of these relatively independent narrative elements by
individual ancient authors (Hesiod, Homer, Pindar, Pythagoras), and specific exclusions among them, are often influenced by the particular needs and purposes
of the larger myths and legends which they are depicting. Each individual ancient author selectively preferred certain crucial stories depicting Prometheus over
others.The intensive growth and expansion of Greek literature and philosophy in the classical fourth and fifth century Athenian period would greatly affect both the
interpretation and influence which the myth of Prometheus would exert upon Athenian culture. This influence would extend beyond its dramatic and tragic form in
the Athenian period, and influence large portions of the greater Western literary tradition which would follow it for over two millennia. All three of the major
Athenian tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, were affected by the myth of Prometheus. The surviving plays and fragments of Aeschylus regarding
Prometheus retain a special place of prominence within modern scholarship for their having survived the ravages of time. The majority of plays written by
Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides have been lost to literary antiquity, including many of their writings on Prometheus.
n Greek mythology, Astraea or Astrea (Ancient Greek: ;[1] English translation: "star-maiden") was a daughter of Zeus andThemis or
of Astraeus and Eos. She and her mother were both personifications of justice, though Astraea was also associated with innocence and purity. She is always
associated with the Greek goddess of justice, Dike (Not to be confused with Asteria, the goddess of the stars and the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe).Astraea,
the celestial virgin, was the last of the immortals to live with humans during the Golden Age, one of the old Greek religion's five deteriorating Ages of Man.
[2]
According to Ovid, Astraea abandoned the earth during the Iron Age.[3] Fleeing from the new wickedness of humanity, she ascended to heaven to become
the constellation Virgo the nearby constellation Libra,[citation needed]reflected in her symbolic association with Justitia in Latin culture. In the Tarot, the 8th card, Justice,
with a figure of Justitia, can thus be considered related to the figure of Astraea on historical iconographic grounds.
According to legend, Astraea will one day come back to Earth, bringing with her the return of the utopian Golden Age of which she was the ambassador.
In Greek mythology, Epimetheus (/pmiis/; Greek: , which might mean "hindsight", literally "afterthinker") was the brother
of Prometheus (traditionally interpreted as "foresight", literally "fore-thinker"), a pair of Titans who "acted as representatives of mankind" (Kerenyi 1951, p 207).
They were the sons of Iapetus,[1] who in other contexts was the father of Atlas. While Prometheus is characterized as ingenious and clever, Epimetheus is
depicted as foolish.
In the most classic and well known version of Greek mythology, Cronus /krons/ or both Cronos and Kronos /krons/[1] (Greek: [krnos]) was the
leader and the youngest of the first generation of Titans, divine descendant of Uranus, the sky and Gaia, the earth. He overthrew his father and ruled during the
mythological Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own son Zeus and imprisoned in Tartarus.Cronus was usually depicted with the harpe and a sickle,
which was the instrument he used to castrate and depose Uranus, his father. In Athens, on the twelfth day of the Attic month of Hekatombaion, a festival
called Kronia was held in honour of Cronus to celebrate the harvest, suggesting that, as a result of his association with the virtuous Golden Age, Cronus
continued to preside as a patron of harvest. Cronus was also identified in classical antiquity with the Roman deity Saturn.

In Greek mythology, Atlas (/tls/; Ancient Greek: ) was the primordial Titan who held up the celestial sphere. He is also the titan of astronomy and
navigation. Although associated with various places, he became commonly identified with the Atlas Mountainsin northwest Africa (Modern-day Morocco, Algeria
and Tunisia).[1] Atlas was the son of the Titan Iapetus and the Oceanid Asia[2] orKlymn ():[3]Now Iapetus took to wife the neat-ankled maid Clymene,
daughter of Ocean, and went up with her into one bed. And she bare him a stout-hearted son, Atlas: also she bare very glorious Menoetius and
clever Prometheus, full of various wiles, and scatter-brained Epimetheus.Hesiod, Theogony 50711In contexts where a Titan and a Titaness are assigned each
of the seven planetary powers, Atlas is paired with Phoebe and governs the moon.[not in citation given][4]Hyginus emphasises the primordial nature of Atlas by making him
the son of Aether and Gaia.[5]The first part of the term Atlantic Ocean refers to "Sea of Atlas", the term Atlantis refers to "island of Atlas".
In Greek mythology, Tethys /tis, ts/ (Ancient Greek: ), daughter of Uranus and Gaia[1] was an archaic Titaness andaquatic sea goddess, invoked in
classical Greek poetry, but not venerated in cult. Tethys was both sister and wife of Oceanus.[2] She was mother of the chief rivers of the world known to the
Greeks, such as the Nile, the Alpheus, the Maeander, and about three thousand daughters called the Oceanids.[3] Considered as an embodiment of the waters of
the world she also may be seen as a counterpart of Thalassa, the embodiment of the sea.
Helios (/hili.s/; Ancient Greek: Hlios; Latinized as Helius; in Homeric Greek) was the personification of the Sun inGreek
mythology. Homer often calls him Titan or Hyperion, while Hesiod (Theogony 371) and the Homeric Hymn separate him as a son of the
Titans Hyperion and Theia (Hesiod) or Euryphaessa (Homeric Hymn) and brother of the goddesses Selene, the moon, andEos, the dawn. Ovid also calls him
Titan.[1]Helios was described as a handsome god crowned with the shining aureole of the Sun, who drove the chariot of the sun across the sky each day to earthcircling Oceanus and through the world-ocean returned to the East at night. In the Homeric hymn to Helios, Helios is said to drive a golden chariot drawn by
steeds (HH 31.14-15); and Pindar speaks of Helios's "fire-darting steeds" (Olympian Ode 7.71). Still later, the horses were given fiery
names: Pyrois, Aeos, Aethon, and Phlegon.
n Greek mythology, Minos (/mans/ or /mans/; Ancient Greek: , Mins) was a king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King
Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus' creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became
a judge of the dead in the underworld. The Minoan civilization of Crete has been named after him by the archaeologist Arthur Evans. By his wife, Pasipha (or
some say Crete), he fathered Ariadne,Androgeus, Deucalion, Phaedra, Glaucus, Catreus, Acacallis and Xenodice. By a nymph, Pareia, he had four
sons, Eurymedon,Nephalion, Chryses and Philolaus, who were killed by Heracles in revenge for the murder of the latter's two companions; and by Dexithea, one
of the Telchines, he had a son called Euxanthius.[1] By Androgeneia of Phaestus he had Asterion, who commanded the Cretan contingent in the war
between Dionysus and the Indians.[2] Also given as his children are Euryale, possibly the mother of Orionwith Poseidon,[3] and Pholegander, eponym of the
island Pholegandros.[4]
Hades (/hediz/; from Ancient Greek /, Hids; Doric Aidas) was the ancient Greek god of the underworld. Eventually, the god's name came to
designate the abode of the dead. In Greek mythology, Hades is the oldest male child of Cronusand Rhea considering the order of birth from the mother, or the
youngest, considering the regurgitation by the father. The latter view is attested in Poseidon's speech in the Iliad.[1] According to myth, he and his
brothers Zeus and Poseidon defeated the Titans and claimed rulership over the cosmos, ruling the underworld, air, and sea, respectively; the solid earth, long the
province of Gaia, was available to all three concurrently.
In Greek mythology, Persephone (/prsfni/, per-SEH-f-nee; Greek: ), also called Kore (/kri/; "the maiden"),[n 1] is the daughter of Zeus and the
harvest goddess Demeter, and is the queen of the underworld. Homer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic queen of the underworld, who carries
into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead. Persephone was abducted by Hades, the god-king of the underworld.[1] The myth of her abduction
represents her function as the personification ofvegetation, which shoots forth in spring and withdraws into the earth after harvest; hence, she is also associated
with spring as well as the fertility of vegetation. Similar myths appear in the Orient, in the cults of male gods like Attis, Adonis and Osiris,[2] and in MinoanCrete.
Hecate or Hekate (/hkti, hkt/; Greek , Hekt) was a goddess in Greek religion and mythology, most often shown holding two torches or a key[1] and
in later periods depicted in triple form. She was variously associated with crossroads, entrance-ways, dogs, light, the Moon, magic, witchcraft, knowledge of
herbs and poisonous plants, necromancy, and sorcery.[2][3] She had rulership over earth, sea and sky, as well as a more universal role as Saviour (Soteira),
Mother of Angels and the Cosmic World Soul.[4][5] She was one of the main deities worshiped in Athenian households as a protective goddess and one who
bestowed prosperity and daily blessings on the family.[6]
In ancient Greek religion and myth, Demeter (/dimitr/; Attic: Dmtr; Doric: Dmtr) is the goddess of the harvest, who presided
over grains and the fertility of the earth. Her cult titles include Sito (), "she of the Grain",[1] as the giver of food or
grain[2] and Thesmophoros (, thesmos: divine order, unwritten law; "phoros": bringer, bearer), "Law-Bringer," as a mark of the civilized existence of
agricultural society.[3]Though Demeter is often described simply as the goddess of the harvest, she presided also over the sacred law, and the cycle of life and
death. She and her daughter Persephone were the central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries that predated the Olympian pantheon. In the Linear B Mycenean
Greek tablets of circa 14001200 BC found at Pylos, the "two mistresses and the king" may be related with Demeter, Persephone and Poseidon.[4]
[5]
Her Roman equivalent is Ceres.[6] A cyclops (/saklps/; Ancient Greek: , Kuklps; plural cyclopes /sa
klopiz/; Ancient Greek: , Kuklpes), in Greek mythology and later Roman mythology, was a member of a primordial race of giants, each with a single
eye in the middle of his forehead.[1]The name is widely thought to mean "round-eyed"[2] or "circle-eyed".[3]Hesiod described three one-eyed Cyclopes, Brontes,
Steropes and Arges the sons of Uranus and Gaia, brothers of the Titans, builders and craftsmen,[4] while the epic poet Homer described another group of mortal
herdsmen Cyclopes. Other accounts were written by the playwright Euripides, poet Theocritus and Roman epic poet Virgil. In Hesiod's Theogony, Zeus releases
three Cyclopes from the dark pit ofTartarus. They provide Zeus' thunderbolt, Hades' helmet of invisibility, and Poseidon's trident, and the gods use these weapons
to defeat the Titans. In a famous episode of Homer's Odyssey, the hero Odysseus encounters the cyclops Polyphemus, the son
of Poseidon andThoosa (a nereid), who lives with his fellow Cyclopes in a distant country. The connection between the two groups has been debated in antiquity
and by modern scholars.[5] It is upon Homer's account that Euripides and Virgil based their accounts of the mythical creatures.
Poseidon (/psadn/; Greek: , pronounced [poseeed en]) is one of the twelve Olympian deities of the pantheon in Greek mythology. His main domain
is the ocean, and he is called the "God of the Sea". Additionally, he is referred to as "Earth-Shaker"[1]due to his role in causing earthquakes, and has been called
the "tamer of horses".[2] He is usually depicted as an older male with curly hair and beard.The name of the sea-god Nethuns in Etruscan was adopted in Latin
for Neptune in Roman mythology; both were sea gods analogous to Poseidon. Linear B tablets show that Poseidon was venerated at Pylos and Thebes in pre-

Olympian Bronze Age Greece as a chief deity, but he was integrated into the Olympian gods as the brother of Zeus and Hades.[2] According to some folklore, he
was saved by his mother Rhea, who concealed him among a flock of lambs and pretended to have given birth to a colt, which was devoured by Cronos. [3]
In Greek religion and mythology, Athena or Athene (/in/ or /
ini/; Attic: , Athn or , Athnaia; Epic: ,Athnai; Ionic: , Athn; Doric: , Athn), also referred to as Pallas
Athena/Athene (/pls/; ; ), is the goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics,
strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill. Minerva is the Roman goddess identified with Athena.[2]Athena is portrayed as a shrewd companion of heroes and is
the patron goddess of heroic endeavour. She is the virgin patroness ofAthens. The Athenians founded the Parthenon on the Acropolis of her namesake
city, Athens (Athena Parthenos), in her honour.[2]Veneration of Athena was so persistent that archaic myths about her were recast to adapt to cultural changes. In
her role as a protector of the city (polis), many people throughout the Greek world worshiped Athena as Athena Polias ( "Athena of the city"). The
city of Athens and the goddess Athena essentially bear the same name (Athena the Goddess, Athenai the city) while it is not known which of the two words is
derived from the other.[3]
In Greek mythology, Calliope (/kla.pi/ k-LY--pee; Ancient Greek: , Kalliop "beautiful-voiced") was the muse of epic poetry,[1] daughter
of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and is believed to be Homer's muse for the Iliad and the Odyssey .[2]One account says Calliope was the lover of the war god Ares, and
bore him several sons: Mygdon, Edonus, Biston, and Odomantus (orOdomas), respectively the founders of Thracian tribes known as
the Mygdones, Edones, Bistones, and Odomantes.[citation needed]Calliope also had two famous sons, Orpheus[3] and Linus,[4] by either Apollo or the
king Oeagrus of Thrace. She taught Orpheus verses for singing.[5] According to Hesiod, she was also the wisest of the Muses, as well as the most assertive.
Calliope married Oeagrus close toPimpleia,[6] Olympus. She is said to have defeated the daughters of Pierus, king of Thessaly, in a singing match, and then, to
punish their presumption, turned them into magpies. (see Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.294-340,662-78)Calliope is usually seen with a writing tablet in her hand. At
times, she is depicted as carrying a roll of paper or a book or as wearing a gold crown.
n Greek religion and mythology, Pan (/pn/;[1] Ancient Greek: , Pn) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature of mountain wilds, hunting
and rustic music, and companion of the nymphs.[2] His name originates within the Ancient Greek language, from the word paein (), meaning "to
pasture."[3] He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as afaun or satyr. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is also recognized
as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. The ancient Greeks also considered Pan to
be the god of theatrical criticism.[4]In Roman religion and myth, Pan's counterpart was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes
identified asFauna. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the 20thcentury Neopagan movement.[5]
Melpomene (/mlpmni/; Greek: ; "to sing" or "the one that is melodious"), initially the Muse of Singing, she then became theMuse of Tragedy, for
which she is best known now.[1] Her name was derived from the Greek verb melp or melpomai meaning "to celebrate with dance and song." She is often
represented with a tragic mask and wearing the cothurnus, boots traditionally worn by tragic actors. Often, she also holds a knife or club in one hand and the
tragic mask in the other.Melpomene is the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne. Her sisters include Calliope (muse of epic poetry), Clio (muse of
history), Euterpe(muse of lyrical poetry), Terpsichore (muse of dancing), Erato (muse of erotic poetry), Thalia (muse of comedy), Polyhymnia (muse of hymns),
and Urania (muse of astronomy).In Roman and Greek poetry, it was traditional[citation needed] to invoke the goddess Melpomene so that one might create beautiful
lyrical phrases (see Horace's Odes).
In Greek mythology, Iris (/ars/; ) is the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods. She is also known as one of the goddesses of the sea
and the sky. Iris links the gods to humanity. She travels with the speed of wind from one end of the world to the other,[1] and into the depths of the sea and
the underworld. In Ancient Greek religion
Hestia (/hsti/; Ancient Greek: , "hearth" or "fireside") is a virgin goddess of the hearth, ancient Greek architecture, and the right ordering of domesticity,
the family, and the state. In Greek mythology she is a daughter of Cronusand Rhea.[1]Hestia received the first offering at every sacrifice in the household. In the
public domain, the hearth of the prytaneum functioned as her official sanctuary. With the establishment of a new colony, flame from Hestia's public hearth in the
mother city would be carried to the new settlement. She sat on a plain wooden throne with a white woolen cushion and did not trouble to choose an emblem for
herself.[1] Her Roman equivalent is Vesta.[2]
Hera (/hr/, Greek , Hra, equivalently , Hr, in Ionic and Homer) is the wife and one of three sisters of Zeus in theOlympian pantheon of Greek
mythology and religion. Her chief function was as the goddess of women and marriage. Her counterpart in the religion of ancient Rome was Juno.
[1]
The cow, lion and the peacock were considered sacred to her. Hera's mother is Rhea and her father Cronus.Portrayed as majestic and solemn, often
enthroned, and crowned with the polos (a high cylindrical crown worn by several of the Great Goddesses), Hera may bear a pomegranate in her hand, emblem of
fertile blood and death and a substitute for the narcotic capsule of the opium poppy.[2] Scholar of Greek mythology Walter Burkert writes in Greek Religion,
"Nevertheless, there are memories of an earlier aniconic representation, as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in Samos." [3]
Hermes (/hrmiz/; Greek: ) is an Olympian god in Greek religion and mythology, son of Zeus and the Pleiad Maia. He is second youngest of the
Olympian gods.[citation needed]Hermes is a god of transitions and boundaries. He is quick and cunning, and moved freely between the worlds of the mortal and divine,
as emissary and messenger of the gods,[1] intercessor between mortals and the divine, and conductor of souls into the afterlife. He is protector and patron of
travelers, herdsmen, thieves,[2] orators and wit, literature and poets, athletics and sports, invention and trade.[3] In some myths he is a trickster, and outwits other
gods for his own satisfaction or the sake of humankind. His attributes and symbols include the herma, the rooster and the tortoise, purse or pouch, winged
sandals, winged cap, and his main symbol is the herald's staff, the Greek kerykeion or Latin caduceus which consisted of two snakes wrapped around a winged
staff.[4]
In Greek mythology, Hb (Greek: ) is the goddess of youth [1] (Roman equivalent: Juventas).[2] She is the daughter of Zeusand Hera.[3] Hebe was
the cupbearer for the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus, serving their nectar and ambrosia, until she was married
to Heracles (Roman equivalent: Hercules); her successor was Zeus's lover Ganymede. Another title of hers, for this reason, is Ganymeda. She also drew baths
for Ares and helped Hera enter her chariot.[4]In Euripides' play Heracleidae, Hebe granted Iolaus' wish to become young again in order to fight Eurystheus. Hebe
had two children with Heracles: Alexiares and Anicetus.[5]

Asclepius (/sklipis/; Greek: , Asklpis [asklpis]; Latin: Aesculapius) was a god of medicine and healing in ancientGreek religion. Asclepius
represents the healing aspect of the medical arts; his daughters are Hygieia ("Hygiene", the goddess/personification of health, cleanliness, and
sanitation), Iaso (the goddess of recuperation from illness), Aceso (the goddess of the healing process), Agla/gle (the goddess of beauty, splendor, glory,
magnificence, and adornment), and Panacea (the goddess of universal remedy). He was associated with the Roman/Etruscan god Vediovis. He was one
of Apollo's sons, sharing with Apollo the epithet Paean ("the Healer").[1] The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined staff, remains a symbol of medicine today. Those
physicians and attendants who served this god were known as the Therapeutae of Asclepius. Artemis /rtms/ was one of the most widely venerated of the
Ancient Greek deities. Her Roman equivalent is Diana.[1] Some scholars[2] believe that the name, and indeed the goddess herself, was originally pre-Greek.
[3]
Homer refers to her as Artemis Agrotera, Potnia Theron: "Artemis of the wildland, Mistress of Animals".[4] The Arcadians believed she was the daughter
ofDemeter.[5]In the classical period of Greek mythology, Artemis (Ancient Greek: ) was often described as the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin
sister of Apollo. She was the Hellenic goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and protector of young girls, bringing and relieving
disease in women; she often was depicted as a huntress carrying a bow and arrows.[6] The deerand the cypress were sacred to her. In later Hellenistic times, she
even assumed the ancient role of Eileithyia in aiding childbirth.
Heracles (/hrkliz/ HERR--kleez; Ancient Greek: , Hrakls, from Hra, "Hera", and kleos, "glory"[1]), born Alcaeus[2](, Alkaios)
or Alcides[3] (, Alkeids), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon[4] and great-grandson (and halfbrother) of Perseus. He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, a paragon of masculinity, the ancestor of royal clans who claimed to be Heracleidae ()
and a champion of the Olympian order againstchthonic monsters. In Rome and the modern West, he is known as Hercules, with whom the later Roman
Emperors, in particularCommodus and Maximian, often identified themselves. The Romans adopted the Greek version of his life and works essentially
unchanged, but added anecdotal detail of their own, some of it linking the hero with the geography of the Central Mediterranean. Details of his cult were adapted
to Rome as well.
Ares (Ancient Greek: [rs]) is the Greek god of war. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and the son of Zeus and Hera.[1] InGreek literature, he often
represents the physical or violent and untamed aspect of war, in contrast to the armored Athena, whose functions as a goddess of intelligence include military
strategy and generalship.[2]The Greeks were ambivalent toward Ares: although he embodied the physical valor necessary for success in war, he was a dangerous
force, "overwhelming, insatiable in battle, destructive, and man-slaughtering."[3] His sons Fear (Phobos) and Terror(Deimos) and his lover, or sister,
Discord (Enyo) accompanied him on his war chariot.[4] In the Iliad, his father Zeus tells him that he is the god most hateful to him.[5] An association with Ares
endows places and objects with a savage, dangerous, or militarized quality.[6]His value as a war god is placed in doubt: during the Trojan War, Ares was on the
losing side, while Athena, often depicted in Greek art as holding Nike (Victory) in her hand, favored the triumphant Greeks.[7]
Aphrodite ( i/frdati/ af-r-DY-tee; Greek: ) is the Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation. HerRoman equivalent is the
goddess Venus.[4]As with many ancient Greek deities, there is more than one story about her origins. According to Hesiod's Theogony, she was born
when Cronus cut off Uranus's genitals and threw them into the sea, and she arose from the sea foam (aphros). According to Homer'sIliad, she is the daughter
of Zeus and Dione. According to Plato (Symposium 180e), the two were entirely separate entities: Aphrodite Ourania and Aphrodite Pandemos.Because of her
beauty, other gods feared that their rivalry over her would interrupt the peace among them and lead to war, so Zeusmarried her to Hephaestus, who, because of
his ugliness and deformity, was not seen as a threat. Aphrodite had many loversboth gods, such as Ares, and men, such as Anchises. She played a role in
the Eros and Psyche legend, and later was both Adonis's lover and his surrogate mother. Many lesser beings were said to be children of Aphrodite.
In Greek mythology, Ganymede (/nmid/;[1] /nmid/;[2] Greek: , Ganymds) is a divine hero whose homeland wasTroy. Homer describes
Ganymede as the most beautiful of mortals. He was the son of Tros of Dardania, from whose name "Troy" was supposed to derive, and of Callirrhoe. His brothers
were Ilus and Assaracus. In one version of the myth, he is abducted by Zeus, in the form of an eagle, to serve as cup-bearer in Olympus. The myth was a model
for the Greek social custom of paiderasta, the socially acceptable erotic relationship between a man and a youth. The Latin form of the name
was Catamitus (and also "Ganymedes"), from which the English word "catamite" derives.[3]
In Greek mythology, Euterpe (/jutrpi/; Greek: E, Ancient Greek: [euu trp]; "rejoicing well" or "delight" from Ancient Greek 'well' + terpein 'to
please') was one of the Muses, the daughters of Mnemosyne, fathered by Zeus. Called the "Giver of delight", when later poets assigned roles to each of the
Muses, she was the muse of music. In late Classical times she was named muse of lyric poetry[1] and depicted holding a flute. A few say she invented the aulos or
double-flute, though most mythographers credit Marsyas with its invention.Pindar and other sources (the author of the Bibliotheca and Servius), describe the
Thracian king Rhesus, who appears in the Iliad, as son of Euterpe and the river-god Strymon; Homer calls him son of Eioneus.[2]
Eris (Ancient Greek: , "Strife") is the Greek goddess of chaos, strife and discord. Her name is translated into Latin as Discordia, which means "discord".
Eris' Greek opposite is Harmonia, whose Latin counterpart is Concordia. Homer equated her with the war-goddess Enyo, whose Roman counterpart is Bellona.
The dwarf planet Eris is named after the goddess, as is the religionDiscordianism.
Eros (/rs/ or US /rs/; Ancient Greek: , "Desire"), in Greek mythology, was the Greek god of love. His Roman counterpart was Cupid[2] ("desire").
Some myths make him a primordial god, while in other myths, he is the son of Aphrodite.
In Greek mythology, Erato /rto/ (Ancient Greek: ) is one of the Greek Muses. The name would mean "desired" or "lovely", if derived from the same
root as Eros, as Apollonius of Rhodes playfully suggested in the invocation to Erato that begins Book III of hisArgonautica.[1]
In Greek mythology, Harmonia (/hrmoni/; Ancient Greek: ) is the immortal goddess of harmony and concord. Her Romancounterpart is Concordia,
and her Greek opposite is Eris, whose Roman counterpart is Discordia.Erato with Eros by Simon Vouet.Erato is the Muse of lyric poetry, especially love
and erotic poetry. In the Orphic hymn to the Muses, it is Erato who charms the sight. Since the Renaissance she is often shown with a wreath
of myrtle and roses, holding a lyre, or a small kithara, a musical instrument that Apollo or she herself invented[citation needed]. In Simon Vouet's representations, two
turtle-doves are eating seeds at her feet. Other representations may show her holding a golden arrow, reminding one of the "eros", the feeling that she inspires in
everybody, and at times she is accompanied by the god Eros, holding a torch.
Hephaestus (/hfists/, /hfsts/ or /hfsts/; eight spellings; Ancient Greek: Hphaistos) is the Greek
god ofblacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metals, metallurgy, fire and volcanoes.[1] Hephaestus' Roman equivalent is Vulcan. In Greek mythology,

Hephaestus was the son of Zeus and Hera, the king and queen of the gods.As a smithing god, Hephaestus made all the weapons of the gods in Olympus. He
served as the blacksmith of the gods, and was worshipped in the manufacturing and industrial centers of Greece, particularly Athens. The cult of Hephaestus was
based inLemnos.[2] Hephaestus' symbols are a smith's hammer, anvil, and a pair of tongs.
Eileithyia or Ilithyia (/la./;[1] Ancient Greek: ) was the Greek goddess of childbirth.[2]
Dionysus (/da.nass/; Greek: , Dionysos) was the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness and ecstasy in Greek
mythology. His name, thought to be a theonym in Linear B tablets as di-wo-nu-so (KH Gq 5 inscription),[2] shows that he may have been worshipped as early as
c. 15001100 BC by Mycenean Greeks; other traces of the Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient Minoan Crete.[3] His origins are uncertain, and his cults
took many forms; some are described by ancient sources as Thracian, others as Greek. [4][5][6] In some cults, he arrives from the east, as an Asiatic foreigner; in
others, from Ethiopiain the South. He is a god of epiphany, "the god that comes", and his "foreignness" as an arriving outsider-god may be inherent and essential
to his cults. He is a major, popular figure of Greek mythology and religion, and is included in some lists of the twelve Olympians. Dionysus was the last god to be
accepted into Mt. Olympus. He was the youngest and the only one to have a mortal mother.[7] His festivals were the driving force behind the development
of Greek theatre. He is an example of a dying god.[8][9]
In Greek mythology, Clio (/kla.o/; Greek: ), also spelled Kleio,[1] is the muse of history,[2] or in a few mythological accounts, the muse of lyre playing.
[3]
Like all the muses, she is a daughter of Zeus and the Titaness Mnemosyne. Along with her sisters, she was considered to dwell either Mount Helicon or Mount
Parnassos.[2] Other common locations for the Muses were Pieria in Thessaly, near toMount Olympus.[3] She had one son, Hyacinth, with one of several kings, in
various mythswith Pierus, King of Macedon, or with kingOebalus of Sparta, or with king Amyclas,[4] progenitor of the people of Amyclae, dwellers about Sparta.
Some sources say she was also the mother of Hymenaios.[citation needed] Other accounts credit her as the mother of Linus, a poet that was buried at Argos, but Linus
has a number of differing parents depending upon the account, including several accounts where he is the son of Clio's sisters Urania orCalliope.[5]
Poseidon (/psadn/; Greek: , pronounced [poseeed en]) is one of the twelve Olympian deities of the pantheon in Greek mythology. His main domain
is the ocean, and he is called the "God of the Sea". Additionally, he is referred to as "Earth-Shaker"[1]due to his role in causing earthquakes, and has been called
the "tamer of horses".[2] He is usually depicted as an older male with curly hair and beard.The name of the sea-god Nethuns in Etruscan was adopted in Latin
for Neptune in Roman mythology; both were sea gods analogous to Poseidon. Linear B tablets show that Poseidon was venerated at Pylos and Thebes in preOlympian Bronze Age Greece as a chief deity, but he was integrated into the Olympian gods as the brother of Zeus and Hades.[2] According to some folklore, he
was saved by his mother Rhea, who concealed him among a flock of lambs and pretended to have given birth to a colt, which was devoured by Cronos. [3]
In Greek mythology, Deimos (Ancient Greek: , pronounced [dmos], meaning "dread") was the personification of terror.He was the son
of Ares and Aphrodite. He is the twin brother of Phobos and nephew of the goddess Enyo who accompanied her brother Ares into battle, as well as his father's
attendants, Trembling, Fear, Dread and Panic. Deimos is more of a personification and an abstraction of the sheer terror that is brought by war and he never
appeared as an actual character in any story in Greek Mythology. HisRoman equivalent was Formido or Metus.Asaph Hall, who discovered the moons of Mars,
named one Deimos, and the other Phobos - although the moons are very different and not twins like their namesakes.On the modern monument to the battle of
Thermopylae, Leonidas' shield has a representation of Deimos.
Polyhymnia (/plihmni/; Greek: , ; "the one of many hymns"), was in Greek mythology the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn, dance,
and eloquence as well as agriculture and pantomime. She is depicted as very serious, pensive and meditative, and often holding a finger to her mouth, dressed
in a long cloak and veil and resting her elbow on a pillar. Polyhymnia is also sometimes credited as being the Muse of geometry and meditation. [citation
needed]
In Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus Siculus wrote, "Polyhymnia, because by her great (polle) praises (humnesis) she brings distinction to writers whose works
have won for them immortal fame...".[1] She appears in Dante's Divine Comedy: Paradiso. Canto XXIII, line 56, and is referenced in modern works of fiction.
Phobos (Ancient Greek: , pronounced [pbos], meaning "fear") is the personification of fear in Greek mythology. He is the offspring
of Aphrodite and Ares. He was known for accompanying Ares into battle along with the ancient war goddess Enyo, the goddess of discordEris (both sisters of
Ares), and Phobos' twin brother Deimos (terror).In Classical Greek mythology, Phobos is more of a personification of the fear brought by war and does not
appear as a character in any myths. Timor or Timorus is his Roman equivalent.
Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric
Greek: , Apolln (GEN ); Doric: , Apelln; Arcadocypriot: ,Apeiln; Aeolic: , Aploun; Latin: Apoll) is one of the
most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greekand Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of the kouros (a
beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun, truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more.
Apollo is the son ofZeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.As the
patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular godthe prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo,
whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst
the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion overcolonists, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of
the Muses (Apollon Musegetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry. Hermes created the lyre for him, and the
instrument became a commonattribute of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans.
Urania (/jreni/; Ancient Greek: ; meaning 'heavenly' or 'of heaven') was, in Greek mythology, the muse of astronomy and a daughter
of Zeus by Mnemosyne and also a great granddaughter of Uranus.[1][2] Some accounts list her as the mother of the musicianLinus[3][4] by Apollo,
[5]
and Hymenaeus also is said to have been a son of Urania.[6] She is often associated with Universal Love and the Holy Spirit. Eldest of the divine sisters, Urania
inherited Zeus' majesty and power and the beauty and grace of her mother Mnemosyne.
In Greek mythology,Thalia ( / Thala, "Abundance") was one of the three Graces or Charites with her sisters Aglaea and Euphrosyne. They were usually
found dancing in a circle. They were the daughters of Zeus and either the Oceanid Eurynome or Eunomia, goddess of good order and lawful conduct. Thalia was
the goddess of festivity and rich banquets. The Greek word thalia is an adjective applied to banquets, meaning rich, plentiful, luxuriant and abundant.[1]

n Greek mythology, Terpsichore (/trpskri/; ) "delight in dancing" was one of the nine Muses and goddess of dance andchorus.[1] She lends her
name to the word "terpsichorean" which means "of or relating to dance". She is usually depicted sitting down, holding a lyre, accompanying the ballerinas' choirs
with her music. Her name comes from the Greek words ("delight") and o ("dance").
In ancient Greek mythology, Amphitrite (/mftrati/; ) was a sea-goddess and wife of Poseidon.[1] Under the influence of the Olympian pantheon, she
became merely the consort of Poseidon, and was further diminished by poets to a symbolic representation of the sea. In Roman mythology, the consort
of Neptune, a comparatively minor figure, was Salacia, the goddess of saltwater.[2]
In Greek mythology, Nereus[pronunciation?] () was the eldest son of Pontus (the Sea) and Gaia (the Earth), a Titan who with Doris fathered
the Nereids and Nerites, with whom Nereus lived in the Aegean Sea.[1] In the Iliad[2] the Old Man of the Sea is the father of Nereids, though Nereus is not directly
named. He was never more manifestly the Old Man of the Sea than when he was described, like Proteus, as a shapeshifter with the power of prophecy, who
would aid heroes such as Heracles[3] who managed to catch him even as he changed shapes. Nereus and Proteus (the "first") seem to be two manifestations of
the god of the sea who was supplanted by Poseidon when Zeus overthrew Cronus.The earliest poet to link Nereus with the labours of Heracles was Pherekydes,
according to a scholion on Apollonius of Rhodes.[4]During the course of the 5th century BC, Nereus was gradually replaced by Triton, who does not appear in
Homer, in the imagery of the struggle between Heracles and the sea-god who had to be restrained in order to deliver his information that was employed by the
vase-painters, independent of any literary testimony.[5]
Glaucus (, gen: ) was a Greek prophetic sea-god, born mortal and turned immortal upon eating a magical herb. It was believed that he
commonly came to the rescue of sailors and fishermen in storms, having once been one himself.
Thetis (/ts/; Ancient Greek: , [ttis]), is encountered in Greek mythology mostly as a sea nymph or known as the goddess of water, one of the fifty Nereids,
daughters of the ancient sea god Nereus.[1]When described as a Nereid in Classical myths, Thetis was the daughter of Nereus and Doris,[2] and a granddaughter
of Tethys with whom she sometimes shares characteristics. Often she seems to lead the Nereids as they attend to her tasks. Sometimes she also is identified
with Metis.Some sources argue that she was one of the earliest of deities worshipped in Archaic Greece, the oral traditions and records of which are lost. Only one written
record, a fragment, exists attesting to her worship and an early Alcman hymn exists that identifies Thetis as the creator of the universe. Worship of Thetis as the goddess is
documented to have persisted in some regions by historical writers such asPausanias.