ni.
com
LabVIEW FPGA Programming Best Practices
Presented by:
Zach Hawkins, Software Developer, Averna
CLA, CPI
ni.com
Agenda
About Averna
Things to Keep in Mind
Structure
Style
Naming Conventions and Designs
No Pink in a Case
Standardization
Project Organization, Reuse and Portability
Synchronization and Multi-FPGA Systems
Summary
Q&A
ni.com
33
Averna at a Glance
Test Engineering Solutions
300
Employees
30+
5
Locations
1250
Custom test solutions, turnkey ATE
and build-to-print services
Professional Services
Special on-site technical or consulting
expertise for client project teams
Global Support
Completed
Projects
Substantial LabVIEW, FPGA,
TestStand, C/C++, C#,
Visual Basic, .NET and
Automation know-how
Test-system and logistics support
for far-flung operations
R&D Staff
Test Instruments
Tools to accelerate your DOCSIS,
RF and multimedia device testing
Over 65 NI-certified
architects, developers
and instructors
Industry-leading RF,
GPS/GNSS,
optics/photonics
and multimedia experts
Our Industries
AEROSPACE
& DEFENSE
AUTOMOTIVE &
TRANSPORTATION
CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS
LIFE
SCIENCES
Multi-industry expertise allows us to leverage best practices to
help all customers improve product quality, get to market sooner,
and maximize ROI.
Visit us in
Booth #203.
TELECOM
INFRASTRUCTURE
Things to Keep in Mind
If the code fits onto the FPGA, it fits!
Know that ~70% means its full
You may need to optimize later if/when new features are added
We dont believe in complexity for the sake of complexity
We almost exclusively use the SCTL
Some targets have IO nodes that will prevent using them inside SCTLs
NI has a course for this: High Throughput LabVIEW FPGA
Remember that the determinism of hardware is your friend
o
ni.com
Well, most of the time
66
Structure: Project Organization
Setup for test-benching
Two high-level testing categories
o
o
On-chip testing
Off-chip testing
Requirements
ni.com
FPGA code
Host code
Shared code
Testing code
77
Structure: Project Organization
Reuse and portability
How can we write FPGA code that can just be dropped into a new
project?
What if the code has configuration items?
o
ni.com
Use the Register Bus!
88
Style: Naming Conventions & Project Organization
<Module>_FPGA
<Module>_Host
API VIs
<Module>_Shared
<Module>.vi
CreateResources.vi (Register Bus optional)
Registers.vi (Register Bus optional)
Resources.ctl (Register Bus optional)
FPGA_<Test/Module/Main>
Model_<Module/Algorithm>
Test_<TestName>
ni.com
99
Style: Designs State Machine
Makes code easier to read and follow
Normally, we would put all the logic in the case structure
Have you ever tried to implement a state machine in pure logic? We have
On an FPGA, additional enable chain logic is added to know which state is active
Think of it more as a State Controller
Only state control logic is necessary
Use handshaking to control logic that gets placed outside the case structure
Remember that each new case can cause a new MUX to be added in
the HW implementation
ni.com
10
10
Style: Designs State Controller
ni.com
11
11
Ever Seen Something Like This Before?
Solved with the Register Bus!
ni.com
12
12
Style: Designs Register Bus
Controls and indicators get implemented as MMRAs
o
Configuration data will come down from the host on a single DMA
channel
Think of it as a Pipe for both controls and indicators
o
ni.com
Can become costly/cumbersome
Put whatever you want on it!
13
13
Style: Before Using the Register Bus
ni.com
14
14
Style: After Using the Register Bus
ni.com
15
15
Style: Designs Register Bus
Pros
Saves space on large applications
Allows for better code modularity and portability
Cons
A little more code to write
May be slower to read back large data sets or data larger than 32 bits
wide
o
ni.com
Solved for special cases by adding additional DMA FIFOs
16
16
Style: Designs Basic Elements
Dont try to reinvent the wheel
There are some basic
operations that NI provides
ni.com
If you install an instrument
design library
17
17
Style: Designs Counters
NI Decrement
Useful for a terminal count
NI Increment
Zero isnt really a valid number, except on the first set
o
But as programmers, we often like base-zero!
A Different Increment
ni.com
Supports reset and increment on the same cycle
Commands tell what to do on the next cycle
18
18
Style: Designs NI Increment & Decrement
ni.com
19
19
Style: Designs A Different Increment
ni.com
20
20
Style: Designs Accessing Memory Items
Size of memory items: What gets implemented regardless of what you
set, etc.
36 bit port width for BRAM
If youre using a 64-bit data type, youre using 2 BRAMs
Think about it as a box how much stuff can you put in the box before
its full?
Use Base-2 addressing
ni.com
Easier logic but it can be wasteful . . . or is it?
21
21
Style: No Pink in a Case
Using the case structure causes additional underlying logic that we
might not want (and dont have control over)
Fanout
Exceptions: Items without handshaking interfaces
ni.com
Memory writes
Registers.vi of the Register Bus
22
22
Style: Avoid Costly/Unnecessary Operations
Many operations on FPGA that are free
Example: Shift/scale by power of 2
Many other operations are dependent on the width of the data type
Use only the bits that you need (FXP)
Unnecessarily large data types propagate through the chain
How would the operation be performed with hardware logic?
No unnecessary math on the FPGA
Example of a width-dependent operation:
Greater/less than or equal to
o
ni.com
Determinism normally allows you to simply use equal to!
23
23
Standardization: Synchronization
How will data flow in your system?
How does the system respond when data isnt flowing?
What tells modules to start?
How are modules reset?
ni.com
24
24
Standardization: Feedback Nodes & Reset
Three options:
Uninitialized
Initialize on Compile or Load
Initialize on First Call
ni.com
Additional code is added to return the register to the default value when a
Reset command is sent (RESET = FANOUT!)
25
25
Standardization: Multi-FPGA Systems
Do the FPGAs need to be synchronized?
What kind of synchronization?
Data-driven synchronization
o
Hardware synchronization
o
o
ni.com
P2P FIFOs
Clocks
Triggers
26
26
Summary
Set up the project with testing in mind
Agree on standard naming conventions
Think of state machines as state controllers
Use the Register Bus to modularize designs and preserve space
Dont reinvent the wheel!
Make accessing memory simple with Base-2 addressing
No pink in a case (with some exceptions)
Develop to a standardized strategy for synchronization (or lack of!)
ni.com
27
27
Thank You!
Questions?
Zach Hawkins
Software Developer, Averna
CLA, CPI
zaha@averna.com
ni.com
28
28
ni.com
29
