Norma A568
Norma A568
Norma A568
Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, LowAlloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements
for1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A568/A568M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for
steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. It applies to the following
specifications that describe carbon steel, structural steel, and
high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) furnished as hot-rolled
sheet and cold-rolled sheet: Specifications A414/A414M,
A424, A606, A659/A659M, A794, A1008/A1008M, A1011/
A1011M, and A1039/A1039M.
1.2 This specification is not applicable to hot-rolled heavythickness carbon sheet coils (Specification A635/A635M).
1.3 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements
of the individual material specification shall prevail over those
of this general specification.
1.4 For the purposes of determining conformance with this
and the appropriate product specification referenced in 1.1,
values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand
place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in
accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.
1.5 Annex A1 lists permissible variations in dimensions and
mass (see Note 1) in SI [metric] units. The values listed are not
exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables,
but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to
Annex A1 is mandatory when the M specification is used.
NOTE 1The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the
standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A568/A568M 09.
DOI: 10.1520/A0568_A0568M-09A.
However, unless the order specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished
to inch-pound units.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A414/A414M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and
High-Strength, Low-Alloy for Pressure Vessels
A424 Specification for Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enameling
A606 Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, HighStrength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with
Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength LowAlloy with Improved Formability, General Requirements
for
A659/A659M Specification for Commercial Steel (CS),
Sheet and Strip, Carbon (0.16 Maximum to 0.25 Maximum Percent), Hot-Rolled
A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A794 Specification for Commercial Steel (CS), Sheet, Carbon (0.16 % Maximum to 0.25 % Maximum), Cold-Rolled
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, ColdRolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,
High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
A1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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A568/A568M 09a
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,
High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and
Ultra-High Strength
A1030/A1030M Practice for Measuring Flatness Characteristics of Steel Sheet Products
A1039/A1039M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Hot Rolled,
Carbon, Commercial, Structural, and High-Strength LowAlloy, Produced by Twin-Roll Casting Process
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
of Chemical Composition3
E290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility
2.2 Military Standards:4
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
2.3 Federal Standards:4
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Steel Types:
3.1.2 carbon steeldesignation for steel when no minimum
content is specified or required for aluminum, chromium,
cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten,
vanadium, zirconium, or any element added to obtain a desired
alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper does
not exceed 0.40 %; or when the maximum content specified for
any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages
noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, or copper 0.60.
3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn all carbon steels small quantities of
certain residual elements unavoidably retained from raw materials are sometimes found which are not specified or required,
such as copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, etc. These
elements are considered as incidental and are not normally
determined or reported.
3.1.3 high-strength, low-alloy steelspecific group of steels
in which higher strength, and in some cases additional resistance to atmospheric corrosion or improved formability, are
obtained by moderate amounts of one or more alloying
elements.
3.1.4 Product Types:
3.1.5 hot-rolled sheetmanufactured by hot rolling slabs in
a continuous mill to the required thickness and can be supplied
in coils or cut lengths as specified.
(1) Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet is commonly classified by
size as follows:
Width, in.
All WidthsA
A
edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 12 in. and less in width is considered
hot-rolled strip.
Width, mm
All WidthsA
A
Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 300 mm. in width must have
cut edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 300 mm and less in width is
considered hot-rolled strip.
(2) Hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel sheet is commonly classified by size as follows:
Width, in.
All WidthsA
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil.
A
Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 12 in. in width must have cut
edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 12 in. and less in width is considered
hot-rolled strip.
Width, in.
All WidthsA
A
Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 300 mm in width must have
cut edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 300 mm and less in width is
considered hot-rolled strip.
3.1.6 cold-rolled sheetmanufactured from hot-rolled descaled coils by cold reducing to the desired thickness, generally
followed by annealing to recrystallize the grain structure. If the
sheet is not annealed after cold reduction it is known as full
hard with a hardness of 84 HRB minimum and can be used for
certain applications where ductility and flatness are not required.
(1) Cold-rolled carbon sheet is commonly classified by size
as follows:
Width, in.
Thickness, in.
All WidthsA,B
Through 0.142
Width, mm
All WidthsA,B
Thickness, mm
Through 4.0
A
Cold-rolled sheet coils and cut lengths, slit from wider coils with cut edge (only)
and in thicknesses through 0.142 in. [4.0 mm] carbon 0.25 % maximum by cast
analysis.
B
When no special edge or finish (other than matte, commercial bright, or luster
finish) or single strand rolling of widths, or both under 24 in. [600 mm] is not
specified or required.
Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 12 in. in width must have cut
Width, in.
Through 12A
Over 12B
Thickness, in.
0.019 through 0.082
0.020 and over
Width, mm
To 300, inclA
Over 300B
Thickness, mm
0.5 to 2.0, incl
0.5 and Over
A
Cold-rolled sheet coils and cut lengths, slit from wider coils with cut edge (only)
and in thicknesses 0.019 in. [0.5 mm] through 0.082 in. [2.0 mm] carbon 0.25 %
maximum by cast analysis.
B
When no special edge or finish (other than matte, commercial bright, or luster
finish) or single strand rolling of widths, or both under 24 in. [600 mm] is not
specified or required.
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A568/A568M 09a
equipment and processing capabilities of various manufacturers and processors. Historic limitations of a product based upon
dimensions (thickness, width, and length) do not take into
account current production and processing capabilities. To
qualify any product for a particular product specification
requires all appropriate and necessary tests be performed and
that the results meet the limits prescribed in that product
specification. If the necessary tests required by a product
specification cannot be conducted, the product cannot be
qualified to that specification. This general requirements specification contains permitted variations for the commonly available sizes. Permitted variations for other sizes are subject to
agreement between the customer and the manufacturer or
processor, whichever is applicable.
3.1.7 retests, nadditional test, or tests, made from the
original material when the original test did not meet the
appropriate acceptance criteria required by a product specification and the failure was mechanical in natures as described in
Section 11.
3.1.8 resample, nadditional test or tests made when the
test on the original sample did not meet the appropriate
acceptance criteria required by the product specification, but
possibly requiring that the material in question have an
appropriate amount discarded prior to securing the new sample
or samples.
3.1.9 steel manufacturer, nthe organization that directly
controls or is responsible for the melting and refining of steel
and the conversion of that steel into semifinished steel products
known as slabs either through continuous casting, conventional
or compact methods, or ingot casting and subsequent conversion of the ingots to slabs, and for one or more additional
operations such as testing, marking, loading for shipment, and
certification.
3.1.10 coil processorthe organization that directly controls or is responsible for operations involved in processing the
coil such as leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection,
blanking, slitting, pickling, cold rolling (cold reduction), heat
treating, temper rolling, coating, packaging, marking, loading
for shipment, and certification.
3.1.10.1 DiscussionThe processing operations need not
be controlled by the organization that hot rolls the slab into a
coil. If only one organization controls or is responsible for (or
both) the hot rolling and processing operations, that organization is termed the manufacturer. If more than one organization
controls or is responsible for (or both) hot rolling and processing operations, the organization that controls and is responsible
for the hot rolling is termed the hot roll manufacturer and the
organization or organizations controlling and responsible for
the processing operations is/are termed the processor or processors. Likewise, one organization may be the manufacturer
of the hot roll coil and another the manufacturer of the cold roll
coil. In such case, the organization responsible for the conversion of the hot roll coil to a cold roll coil and other processing
operations will also be termed the cold roll manufacturer and
organizations performing additional processing operations to
the cold roll coil will be termed the coil processor or coil
processors.
3.1.11 hot roll manufacturer, nthe organization that directly controls or is responsible for the conversion of steel
slabs, by hot rolling into coils, and for one or more additional
operations such as leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection, blanking, slitting, pickling, cold rolling, heat treating,
coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification.
3.1.12 cold roll manufacturer, nthe organization that
directly controls or is responsible for the conversion of hot roll
coils into cold roll coils, and for one or more additional
operations such as pickling, annealing, temper rolling, slitting,
cutting to length, testing, inspection, blanking, coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification.
3.2 Refer to Terminology A941 for additional definitions of
terms used in this standard.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Unless otherwise specified, hot-rolled material shall be
furnished hot-rolled, not annealed, not pickled.
4.2 Coil breaks, stretcher strains, and fluting can occur
during the users processing of hot-rolled or hot-rolled pickled
sheet. When any of these features are detrimental to the
application, the manufacturer shall be notified at time of
ordering in order to properly process the sheet.
4.3 Cold-rolled carbon steel sheet is available as discussed
in 10.2, 10.3, and in Table 1.
4.4 Unless specified as a full-hard product, cold-rolled sheet
is annealed after being cold reduced to thickness. The annealed, cold-rolled sheet can be used as annealed last (dead
soft) for unexposed end-use applications. When cold-rolled
sheet is used for unexposed applications and coil breaks are a
hazard in uncoiling, it may be necessary to further process the
material. In this case the manufacturer should be consulted.
After annealing, cold-rolled sheet is generally given a light
skin pass to impart shape or may be given a heavier skin pass
or temper pass to prevent the phenomenon known as stretcher
straining or fluting, when formed. Temper passing also provides a required surface texture.
4.5 Temper Rolling:
4.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, cold-rolled sheet for exposed applications shall be temper rolled and is usually
specified and furnished in the strain free condition as shipped.
See Appendix X1, Effect of Aging of Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel
Sheet on Drawing and Forming.
4.5.2 Cold-rolled sheet for unexposed applications may be
specified and furnished annealed last or temper rolled.
Annealed last is normally produced without temper rolling
but may be lightly temper rolled during oiling or rewinding.
Unexposed temper-rolled material may be specified strain-free
or nonfluting. Where specific hardness range or limit or a
specified surface texture is required, the application is considered as exposed.
NOTE 3Skin-passed sheet is subject to an aging phenomenon (see
Appendix X1). Unless special killed (nonaging) steel is specified, it is to
the users interest to fabricate the sheet as soon as possible, for optimum
performance.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 Limits:
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A568/A568M 09a
TABLE 1 Cold-Rolled Sheet Steel Class Comparison
Major imperfections:
Cut lengths
Coils
Minor imperfections:
Cut lengths
Coils
Finish
Special oils
Thickness, width and length
tolerance:
Standard
Restricted
Flatness tolerance:
Standard
Restricted Squareness
Coil wraps
Coil welds
Outside inspection
Special testing
Exposed
Unexposed
Mill rejects
Purchaser accepts within the manufacturers published
standards (policy)
Mill rejects
Purchaser accepts within the manufacturers published
standards (policy)
Will be met
May be specified
Will be met
May not be specified
Will be met
May be specified
Purchaser accepts within the manufacturers published
standards (policy)
Purchaser accepts within the manufacturers published
standards (policy)
May be specified
May be specified
Tolerance
Element
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Copper
Nickel
Chromium
Molybdenum
Vanadium
Columbium
(Niobium)
Titanium
Aluminum
Nitrogen
Limit, or Maximum of
Specified Element, %
Under
Minimum
Limit
Over
Maximum
Limit
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
. . .A
. . .A
0.02
0.05
0.02
. . .A
. . .A
. . .A
0.01B
0.01B
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
. . .A
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.01B
0.01B
to 0.15 incl
to 0.10 incl
to 0.030 incl
0.01A
0.03C
0.005
0.01B
. . .A
0.005
to 0.15 incl
over 0.15 to 0.40
over 0.40 to 0.80
over 0.80
to 0.60 incl
over 0.60 to 1.15
over 1.15 to 1.65
incl
incl
incl
incl
to 0.30 incl
over 0.30 to 0.60 incl
to
to
to
to
to
1.00
0.90
0.20
0.10
0.10
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been
defined.
B
If the minimum of the range is 0.01%, the under tolerance is 0.005%.
C
If the minimum of the range is 0.01%, the under tolerance is 0.005% and if the
minimum of the range is 0.02%, the under tolerance is 0.01%.
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A568/A568M 09a
5.4.3 When the steel is not subject to tension test requirements, the samples for analysis must be taken by milling or
drilling entirely through the sheet in a sufficient number of
places so that the samples are representative of the entire sheet
or strip. The sampling may be facilitated by folding the sheet
both ways, so that several samples may be taken at one drilling.
Steel subjected to certain heating operations by the purchaser
may not give chemical analysis results that properly represent
its original composition. Therefore, users must analyze chips
taken from the steel in the condition in which it is received
from the steel manufacturer.
5.5 Specimen PreparationDrillings or chips must be
taken without the application of water, oil, or other lubricant,
and must be free of scale, grease, dirt, or other foreign
substances. They must not be overheated during cutting to the
extent of causing decarburization. Chips must be well mixed
and those too coarse to pass a No. 10 sieve or too fine to remain
on a No. 30 sieve are not suitable for proper analysis. Sieve
size numbers are in accordance with Specification E11.
5.6 Test MethodsIn case a referee analysis is required and
agreed upon to resolve a dispute concerning the results of a
chemical analysis, the procedure of performing the referee
analysis must be in accordance with the latest issue of Test
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751, unless otherwise
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6. Mechanical Properties
6.1 The mechanical property requirements, number of
specimens, and test locations and specimen orientation shall be
in accordance with the applicable product specification.
6.2 Unless otherwise specified in the applicable product
specification, test specimens must be prepared in accordance
with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
6.3 Mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance with
Test Methods and Definitions A370.
6.4 Bend tests where required shall be conducted in compliance with Test Method E290.
6.5 To determine conformance with the product specification, a calculated value should be rounded to the nearest 1 ksi
tensile strength and yield point or yield strength, and to the
nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing
the limiting value for other values in accordance with the
rounding off method given in Practice E29.
Camber tolerances
Diameter tolerances of sheared circles
Flatness tolerances
Length tolerances
Out-of-square tolerances
Restricted Squareness tolerances
Thickness tolerances
Width tolerances of cut edge
Width tolerances of mill edge
A
Table No.
Hot-Rolled Sheet
Inch-Pound
Units
10
9
13, 14
8
11
12
S1.1, S1.2
7
6
SI Units
A1.7
A1.6
A1.10, A1.11
A1.5
A1.8
A1.9
A1.1, A1.2, S1.4, S1.5
A1.4
A1.3
Tolerances for hot-rolled carbon sheet steel with 0.25 % maximum carbon, cast or heat analysis.
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Cold-Rolled Sheet
Inch-Pound
Units
10, 19
9
20
16, 17
11
12
15, S1.3
7, 18
...
SI Units
A1.7, A1.16
A1.6
A1.17
A1.13, A1.14
A1.8
A1.9
A1.12, S1.6
A1.4, A1.15
A568/A568M 09a
TABLE 4 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and Structural Steel Only)58-in. (Cut Edge) and 1-in. (Mill Edge)
Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 58 in. from a cut edge and not less than 1 in. from a mill edge. This table
does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3The thickness of material <2 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, in.A
Specified Width, in.
0.027 to 0.051,
incl
0.180 to 0.230,
excl
40,
48,
60,
72,
incl
incl
incl
incl
0.008
0.008
0.008
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.010
. . .C
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.010
. . .C
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.018
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over
and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.
B
TABLE 5 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)58-in. (Cut Edge) and 1-in. (Mill Edge) Minimum
Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 58 in. from a cut edge and not less than 1 in. from a mill edge. This table
does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3The thickness of material <2 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, in.A
Specified Width, in.
0.031 to 0.051,
incl
Over 0.051 to
0.059, incl
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.009
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.010
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
Over 0.059 to
0.070, incl
Over 0.070
to 0.082,
incl
Over 0.082
to 0.098,
incl
Over 0.098
to 0.180,
excl
0.180 to
0.230, excl
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.018
0.018
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.018
0.018C
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.012
. . .C
. . .C
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.012
. . .C
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.014
0.014
0.015
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over
and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.
B
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TABLE 6 Width TolerancesA of Hot-Rolled Mill Edge Sheet (All
Designations)
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
Carbon
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
12
14
17
19
21
24
26
30
50
78
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
14
17
19
21
24
26
30
50
78
Tolerances Over
Specified Width,
in. No Tolerance
Under
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
7 16
12
9 16
1316
1516
118
112
178
58
11 16
High-Strength Low-Alloy
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
12
14
17
19
21
24
26
28
35
50
60
65
70
80
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
14
17
19
21
24
26
28
35
50
60
65
70
80
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
7 16
To 15 incl
Over 15 to 30 incl
Over 30 to 60 incl
Over 60 to 120 incl
Over 120 to 156 incl
Over 156 to 192 incl
Over 192 to 240 incl
Over 240
1 2
3 4
1
114
112
134
18
14
TABLE 9 Diameter Tolerances of Circles Sheared from HotRolled (Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (Over 12 in.
Width) (All Designations)
9 16
1116
1316
1516
118
114
112
158
134
178
2
58
To 30 incl
Over 30 to 48 incl
Over 48 to 60 incl
Over 60 to 80 incl
Over 80
Tolerances Over
Specified
Length, in. No
Tolerance Under
12
A
The above tolerances do not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils
(10.1.1.1).
Tolerances Over
Specified Width,
in. No Tolerance
Under
18
3 16
14
5 16
38
particular contour. They may also contain some edge imperfections, the more common types of which are cracked edges,
thin edges (feather), and damaged edges due to handling or
processing and which should not extend in beyond the ordered
width. These edge conditions are detrimental where joining of
the mill edges by welding is practiced. When the purchaser
intends to shear or to blank, a sufficient width allowance should
be made when purchasing to ensure obtaining the desired
contour and size of the pattern sheet. The manufacturer may be
consulted for guidance. Cut edges are the normal edges which
result from the shearing, slitting, or trimming of mill-edge
sheet.
9.1.1.1 The ends of plain hot-rolled mill-edge coils are
irregular in shape and are referred to as uncropped ends. Where
such ends are not acceptable, the purchasers order should so
Under
30
0.044 to 0.057 incl
Over 0.057 to 0.098 incl
Over 0.098
A
1 16
3 32
18
Over 30
to 48
incl
1 8
316
5 32
Over 48
3 16
7 32
14
0.071 in. minimum thickness for hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel sheet.
18
3 16
14
5 16
5 8
3 4
7 8
114
112
38
12
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TABLE 11 Out-of-Square Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut-Edge
(Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)
(Cut Lengths Not Resquared)
Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at
right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring
the difference between the diagonals of the cut length. The out-of-square
deviation is one half of that difference. The tolerance for all thicknesses and all
sizes is 116 in./6 in. of width or fraction thereof.
Specified Width,
in.
To 36 incl
over 36 to 60 incl
over 60
To 60 incl
over 60 to 72 incl
over 72
To 60 incl
over 60 to 72 incl
over 72
Specified Yield
Strength, min, ksi
Under
45
45 to 50D,E
1
1 2
34
1
1 2
34
1
3 4
118
...
3 4
118
112
3 4
118
1 12
12
34
A
The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when
adequate flattening operations are performed.
B
Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil
has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil set removed.
C
Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface.
D
Tolerances for steels with specified minimum yield strength in excess of 50 ksi
are subject to negotiation.
E
0.071 minimum thickness of HSLA.
chemical means to various degrees of surface texture depending upon application. With some surface preparation matte
finish is suitable for decorative painting. It is not generally
recommended for bright plating.
9.2.1.2 Commercial bright finish is a relatively bright finish
having a surface texture intermediate between that of matte and
luster finish. With some surface preparation commercial bright
finish is suitable for decorative painting or certain plating
applications. If sheet is deformed in fabrication the surface
may roughen to some degree and areas so affected will require
surface preparation to restore surface texture to that of the
undeformed areas.
9.2.1.3 Luster finish is a smooth bright finish produced by
rolling on ground rolls and is suitable for decorative painting or
plating with additional special surface preparation by the user.
The luster may not be retained after fabrication; therefore, the
formed parts will require surface preparation to make them
suitable for bright plating.
Specified Width,
in.
over 12 to 36
over 36 to 60
over 60
over 12 to 60
over 60 to 72
over 72
over 12 to 60
over 60 to 72
over 72
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
Specified Yield
Strength, min, ksi
Under
45
45 to 50D,E
112
2 1 4
3
1 1 2
2 1 4
3
112
2 1 4
3
2 1 4
3 3 8
...
2 1 4
3 3 8
4 1 2
2 1 4
3 3 8
4 1 2
A
The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when
adequate flattening operations are performed.
B
Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil
has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil set removed.
C
Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface.
D
Tolerances for steels with specified minimum yield strength in excess of 50 ksi
are subject to negotiation.
E
0.071 minimum thickness of HSLA.
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TABLE 15 Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A1-in. Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 1 in. from a side edge.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3The thickness of material <2 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Width, in.
To 15, incl
Over 15 to 72, incl
Over 72
To 0.014,
excl
0.014 to 0.019,
incl
0.001
0.001
. . .D
0.002
0.002
. . .D
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Tolerances Over
Specified Length,
in. No Tolerances
Under
12 to 30, incl
30 to 60, incl
60 to 96, incl
96 to 120, incl
120 to 156, incl
156 to 192, incl
192 to 240 incl
240
1 2
3 4
1
114
112
134
18
14
Width, in.
Camber Tolerance
To 12, incl
A
in. in any 8 ft
14
NOTE 1This table does not apply when product is ordered full hard,
to a hardness range, or annealed last (dead soft).
NOTE 2This table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the
consumer when adequate flattening measures are performed.
24 to 60, incl
Over 60 to 120, incl
Over 120 to 240, incl
3 4
1
12
To 0.044, incl
Over 0.044
Width Tolerance,
Plus and Minus, in.
0.012
0.016
0.032
Specified Yield
Point, min, ksi
to 36 incl
over 36 to 60 incl
over 60
to 36 incl
over 36 to 60 incl
over 60 to 72 incl
over 72
Under 45
45 to 50B incl.
7 8
1 4
3 8
5 8
7 8
3 4
1 1 8
1 1 2
3 4
3 4
1 1 8
1 1 2
38
58
10.3.2 Cut lengths for exposed applications shall not include individual sheets having major surface imperfections
(holes, loose slivers, and pipe) and repetitive minor surface
imperfections. Cut lengths may contain random minor surface
imperfections that can be removed with a reasonable amount of
metal finishing by the purchaser. These imperfections shall be
acceptable to the purchaser within the manufacturers published standards.
10.3.3 For coils for exposed applications, it is not possible
to remove the surface imperfections listed in 10.3.2. Coils will
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contain such imperfections which shall be acceptable to the
purchaser within the manufacturers published standards. Coils
contain more surface imperfections than cut lengths because
the producer does not have the same opportunity to sort
portions containing such imperfections as is possible with cut
lengths.
10.3.4 Cut lengths for unexposed applications shall not
include individual sheets having major surface imperfections
such as holes, loose slivers, and pipe. In addition, unexposed
cut lengths can be expected to contain more minor imperfections such as pits, scratches, sticker breaks, edge breaks,
pinchers, cross breaks, roll marks, and other surface imperfections than exposed. These imperfections shall be acceptable to
the purchaser without limitation.
10.3.5 For coils for unexposed applications, it is not possible to remove the surface imperfections listed in 10.3.4. Coils
will contain surface imperfections that are normally not repairable. Minor imperfections shall be acceptable to the purchaser
within the manufacturers published standards. Unexposed
coils contain more surface imperfections than exposed coils.
11. Retests and Disposition of Non-Conforming Material
11.1 Retests:
11.1.1 Unless otherwise prohibited by the product specification, retests are permitted under the following circumstances:
11.1.1.1 If any tension test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it must be discarded and another
specimen substituted.
11.1.1.2 If the percent elongation of any tension test specimen is less than that specified and any part of the fracture is
more than 34 in. [20 mm] from the center of the gauge length
of a 2-in. [50 mm] specimen or is outside the middle half of the
gauge length of an 8-in. [200 mm] specimen, as indicated by
scribe scratches marked on the specimen before testing, a retest
is allowed.
11.1.1.3 If the test result of any tension test specimen fails
to meet the specification requirements and the failure is the
result of improper adherence to tension test procedures, a retest
is permitted.
11.1.1.4 If the test result of an original tension test specimen
fails to meet the specification requirements and the failure is
not related to the conditions described in 11.1.1.1, 11.1.1.2, and
11.1.1.3, but the results are within 2 ksi [14 MPa] of the
required yield strength, within 2 ksi [14 MPa] of the required
tensile strength, or within 2 percentage points of the required
elongation, one retest shall be permitted to replace the failing
test.
11.1.2 The retest specimen shall be taken either adjacent to
the first failed specimen, or selected at random from the
material to be certified to the specification.
11.1.3 If the results of a retest satisfy the specified tension
test requirements and all other requirements of the applicable
specification are satisfied, the material shall be accepted.
11.2 Disposition of Non-Conforming Material:
11.2.1 In those cases where the lot is found to be nonconforming, and resampling of non-conforming material is not
prohibited by the specification, resampling is permitted under
the following circumstances and using the following practices:
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contract or order, shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-129
for military agencies and in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123
for civil agencies.
15.3 Bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identification method. Bar coding should be consistent with the
Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) standard prepared
by the primary metals subcommittee of the AIAG bar code
project team.
17. Keywords
17.1 carbon steel sheet; cold rolled steel sheet; general
delivery requirements; high strength low alloy steel; hot rolled
steel sheet; steel sheet; structural steel sheet
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
purchase order or contract.
S1. Thickness tolerances
S1.1 See Tables S1.1-S1.6.
TABLE S1.1 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and Structural Steel Only)38-in. (Cut Edge) and 34-in. (Mill Edge)
Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 38 in. from a cut edge and not less than 34 in. from a mill edge. This table
does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3This table was used to construct Table 4 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.75 and rounding to 3 decimal places using standard ASTM
practice.
NOTE 4The thickness of material <1 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, in.A
Specified Width, in.
0.027 to 0.051,
incl
0.180 to 0.230,
excl
40
48
60
72
incl
incl
incl
incl
0.010
0.010
0.010
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.014
. . .C
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.014
0.014
. . .C
0.012
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.014
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.022
0.024
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over
and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.
B
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TABLE S1.2 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)38-in. (Cut Edge) and 34-in. (Mill Edge)
Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 38 in. from a cut edge and not less than 34 in. from a mill edge. This table
does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3This table was used to construct Table 5 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.75 and rounding to 3 decimal places using standard ASTM
practice.
NOTE 4The thickness of material <1 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, in.A
Specified Width, in.
0.031 to 0.051,
incl
Over 0.051
to 0.059, incl
Over 0.059
to 0.070, incl
Over 0.070 to
0.082, incl
Over 0.082 to
0.098, incl
Over 0.098 to
0.180, excl
0.180 to
0.230, excl
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.020
0.020
0.022
0.024
0.024
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.018
0.020
0.020
0.022
0.024
0.024C
20,
32,
40,
48,
60,
72,
80,
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.012
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.014
0.014
. . .C
. . .C
. . .C
0.012
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.016
. . .C
. . .C
0.012
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.016
0.016
. . .C
0.012
0.014
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.018
0.018
0.020
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over
and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.
B
TABLE S1.3 Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A38-in. Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 38 in. from a side edge.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3This table was used to construct Table 15 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.50 and rounding to 3 decimal places using standard
ASTM practice.
NOTE 4The thickness of material <1 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Width, in.
To 15, incl
Over 15 to 72, incl
Over 72
To 0.014,
excl
0.014 to 0.019,
incl
0.002
0.002
. . .D
0.004
0.004
. . .D
Over 0.098 to
0.142, incl
0.010
0.012
0.014
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TABLE S1.4 Thickness Tolerances [Metric] for Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and Structural Steel Only)10-mm (Cut Edge) and 20-mm
(Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 10 mm from a cut edge and not less than 20 mm from a mill edge. This
table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3This table was used to construct Table A1.1 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.75 and rounding to 2 decimal places using standard
ASTM practice.
NOTE 4The thickness of material <25 mm wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA
Specified Width, mm
Through 2.0
0.30
0.30
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.30
0.35
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.60
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, not tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally
over and under.
B
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less
than 10 mm from a cut edge and not less than 20 mm from a mill edge.
This table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be
constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188
in. [4.80 mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil
shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in.
[2.55 mm]. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness
measurements.
NOTE 3This table was used to construct Table A1.2 by multiplying
the values in this table by 0.75 and rounding to 2 decimal places using
standard ASTM practice.
NOTE 4The thickness of material <25 mm wide shall be measured at
mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA
Specified Width, mm
Through
2.0
Over 2.0 to
2.5, incl
Over 2.5 to
4.5, excl
4.5 to 6.0,
excl
0.30
0.35
0.35
0.40
0.40
. . .C
0.35
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.45
0.50
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.60
0.40
0.50
0.50
0.56
0.60
0.60C
A
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the
ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
B
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness
(tolerance over, not tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is
divided equally over and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been
defined.
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TABLE S1.6 Thickness Tolerances [Metric] for Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A10-mm Minimum Edge Distance
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 10 mm from a side edge.
NOTE 2Widths up to and including 300 mm in this table apply to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.
NOTE 3Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 4This table was used to construct Table A1.12 by multiplying the values in this table by 0.50 and rounding to 2 decimal places using standard
ASTM practice.
NOTE 5The thickness of material <25-mm wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Width, mm
Over
Through
...
1800
2000
1800
2000
. . .D
Through 0.4
0.10
. . .D
. . .D
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS AND MASS IN SI UNITS
A1.1 Listed in Tables A1.1A1.20. are permissible variations in dimensions and mass expressed in the International
System of Units (SI) terminology.
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less
than 15 mm from a cut edge and not less than 25 mm from a mill edge.
This table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be
constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188
in. [4.80 mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil
shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in.
[2.55 mm]. Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness
measurements.
NOTE 3The thickness of material <50 mm wide shall be measured at
mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA
Specified Width, mm
To 600
Over 600 to 1200, incl
Over 1200 to 1500, incl
Over 1500 to 1800, incl
Over 1800
0.22
0.22
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.22
0.26
0.26
0.30
0.30
0.26
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.45
A
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the
ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
B
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness
(tolerance over, not tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is
divided equally over and under.
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TABLE A1.2 Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)15-mm (Cut Edge) and 25-mm (Mill Edge)
Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 15 mm from a cut edge and not less than 25 mm from a mill edge. This
table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3This table was constructed by multiplying the values in the standard table by 0.75 and rounding to 2 decimal places using standard ASTM
practice.
NOTE 4The thickness of material <50 mm wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Ordered Thickness, mmA
Specified Width, mm
Through
2.0
Over 2.0 to
2.5, incl
Over 2.5 to
4.5, excl
4.5 to
6.0, excl
0.22
0.26
0.26
0.30
0.30
. . .C
0.26
0.30
0.30
0.34
0.34
0.38
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.45
0.30
0.38
0.38
0.42
0.45
0.45C
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, not tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally
over and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.
B
Specified Width, mm
Over
300
600
1200
1500
1800
Through
600
1200
1500
1800
...
Carbon
16
26
32
35
48
HSLA
16
28
38
45
50
A
The above tolerances do not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils
(9.1.1.1).
TABLE A1.4 Width Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut Edge Sheet and Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)
(Not Resquared Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
Specified Width, mm
Over
Through
...
600
1200
1500
1800
600
1200
1500
1800
...
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TABLE A1.5 Length Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (All
Designations)
(Cut Lengths Not Resquared, Including Pickled)
Specified Length, mm
Over
300
600
900
1500
3000
4000
5000
6000
Through
600
900
1500
3000
4000
5000
6000
...
6
8
12
20
25
35
40
45
Over
...
1.5
2.5
A
Through
1.5
2.5
...
Through 600
Over 600 to
1200, incl
Over 1200
1.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
5.0
5.5
6.5
Camber TolerancesA, mm
Over
Through
...
1200
1800
2400
3000
3700
4300
4900
5500
6000
9000
1200
1800
2400
3000
3700
4300
4900
5500
6000
9000
12 200
4
5
6
8
10
13
16
19
22
32
38
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TABLE A1.9 Restricted Squareness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled
(Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)
(Cut Lengths)
When cut lengths are specified resquared, the width and the length are not less
than the dimensions specified. The individual tolerance for over-width, overlength, camber, or out-of-square should not exceed 1.6 mm up to and including
1200 mm in width and up to and including 3000 mm in length. For cut lengths
wider or longer, the applicable tolerance is 3.2 mm.
TABLE A1.10 Flatness TolerancesA of Temper Rolled or Pickled Hot-Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB (All Designations)
Flatness ToleranceC, mm Specified Yield
Strength, min, MPaD
Specified Thickness, mm
Under 310
310 to 340
MPa Yield
Point, min,
MPa
15
20
25
15
20
25
15
20
25
20
30
...
20
30
40
20
30
40
Specified Width, mm
Over
Through
1.2
1.5
1.5
4.5
4.5
6.0 excl
to 900, incl
over 900 to 1500, incl
over 1500
to 1500, incl
over 1500 to 1800, incl
over 1800
to 1500, incl
over 1500 to 1800, incl
over 1800
The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed.
Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil set removed.
Maximum deviation from a horizontal surface.
D
Tolerances for high-strength, low-alloy steels with specified minimum yield strength in excess of 340 MPa are subject to negotiation.
B
TABLE A1.11 Flatness TolerancesA of Non-Processed Hot-Rolled Sheet Cut LengthsB (All Designations)
Flatness ToleranceC, mm Specified Yield
Strength, min, MPaD
Specified Thickness, mm
Under 310
310 to 340
MPa Yield
Point, min,
MPa
45
60
75
45
60
75
45
60
75
60
90
...
60
90
120
60
90
120
Specified Width, mm
Over
Through
1.2
1.5
1.5
4.5
4.5
6.0 excl
to 900, incl
over 900 to 1500, incl
over 1500
to 1500, incl
over 1500 to 1800, incl
over 1800
to 1500, incl
over 1500 to 1800, incl
over 1800
The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when adequate flattening operations are performed.
Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil set removed.
C
Maximum deviation from a horizontal surface.
D
Tolerances for high-strength, low-alloy steels with specified minimum yield strength in excess of 340 MPa are subject to negotiation.
B
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TABLE A1.12 Thickness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)A25-mm Minimum Edge Distance
NOTE 1Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 25 mm from a side edge.
NOTE 2Widths up to and including 300 mm in this table apply to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.
NOTE 3Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4.80
mm]. The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 4This table was constructed by multiplying the values in the standard table by 0.50 and rounding to 2 decimal places using standard ASTM
practice.
NOTE 5The thickness of material <50 mm wide shall be measured at mid-width.
Specified Width, mm
Over
Through
...
1800
2000
1800
2000
. . .D
Through 0.4
0.05
. . .D
. . .D
Over
Through
300
1500
3000
6000
1500
3000
6000
...
6
20
35
45
Specified Length, mm
Through
1500
3000
6000
15
20
25
Specified Length, mm
Over
600
1500
3000
Through
100
200
300
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TABLE A1.16 Camber Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet in Coils
(All Designations)
(Coils to 300 mm in Width, Not Resquared)
Camber Tolerances
NOTE 1This table does not apply when product is ordered full hard,
to a hardness range or annealed last (dead soft).
NOTE 2This table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the
consumer when adequate flattening measures are performed.
NOTE 3Application of this table to product in coil form is not
appropriate unless the coil has been rolled out and adequately flattened
with all coil set removed.
Specified
Thickness,
mm
Through 1.0
Over 1.0
Specified Width, mm
Over
Through
...
900
1500
...
900
1500
1800
900
1500
Under
310 MPa
310 to 340
MPaB
10
15
20
8
10
15
20
20
30
40
20
20
30
40
900
1500
1800
...
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. AGING EFFECTS ON FORMABILITY OF COLD-ROLLED CARBON-STEEL SHEET PRODUCTS
X1.1 Cold-rolled carbon-steel sheet products exhibit maximum formability in the annealed last, or dead-soft, condition.
However, many sheet products are not suitable for exposed
applications in the dead-soft condition because Luders lines
(sometimes referred to as stretcher strains or fluting) may
develop during subsequent forming. This problem is avoided in
most cases by temper rolling the sheet after annealing. After
temper rolling, however, some sheet products are susceptible to
aging. Aging refers to a gradual increase in yield strength and
corresponding decrease in ductility during storage after temper
rolling. Aging always has a negative effect on formability and,
when aging leads to the redevelopment of an upper yield point,
can result in renewed susceptibility to fluting.
X1.2 Aging can occur when interstitial solute atoms,
carbon or nitrogen, are present in the steel. Solute carbon or
nitrogen atoms are those not chemically combined with other
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by the manner in which annealing is performed.
X1.3.1 Many sheet products are annealed in batches of
large, tightly wound coils. During heating, any solute nitrogen
present in the full-hard sheet combines with aluminum to form
aluminum nitride. Subsequent cooling is very slow and allows
essentially all of the carbon to precipitate as iron carbide. Final
interstitial solute levels are very low and, as a result, batchannealed low-carbon steels have excellent resistance to aging.
X1.3.1.1 Deep drawing steel (DDS) sheet typically is batchannealed and has excellent aging resistance. With temper
rolling, DDS sheet is suitable for use in many exposed
applications with severe forming requirements.
X1.3.2 Cold-rolled low-carbon steels are sometimes processed in a continuous annealing line, in which the full-hard
sheet is uncoiled, passed through an annealing furnace, and
then rewound in a continuous manner. Heating and cooling
rates are much higher than those found in batch annealing. The
faster cooling, in particular, results in higher levels of interstitial solute in the product as compared with batch annealing.
The manner in which the sheet is cooled can be controlled to
minimize the solute carbon level, and temper rolling is effective for reducing fluting tendencies. However, continuousannealed low-carbon steels are more prone to subsequent aging
than batch-annealed steels.
X1.3.2.1 Low-carbon commercial steel (CS) and drawing
steel (DS) sheet are available as either batch- or continuousannealed products, depending on the facilities of a given
producer. To minimize aging effects in continuous-annealed
products, rotation of stock by fabricating the oldest material
first is recommended.
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TABLE X2.1 Standard SteelsCarbon Sheet Steel Compositions
Steel Designation
No.
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006A
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1012
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1025
1026
1030
1033
1035
1037
1038
1039
1040
1042
1043
1045
1046
1049
1050
1055
1060
1064
1065
1070
1074
1078
1080
1084
1085
1086
1090
1095
1524
1527
1536
1541
1548
1552
Mn
P max
S max
0.01 max
0.02 max
0.04 max
0.02/0.06
0.06 max
0.02/0.08
0.08 max
0.02/0.10
0.10 max
0.15 max
0.080.13
0.100.15
0.130.18
0.130.18
0.150.20
0.150.20
0.150.20
0.180.23
0.180.23
0.180.23
0.200.25
0.220.28
0.220.28
0.280.34
0.300.36
0.320.38
0.320.38
0.350.42
0.370.44
0.370.44
0.400.47
0.400.47
0.430.50
0.430.50
0.460.53
0.480.55
0.500.60
0.550.65
0.590.70
0.600.70
0.650.75
0.700.80
0.720.85
0.750.88
0.800.93
0.800.93
0.800.93
0.850.98
0.901.03
0.190.25
0.220.29
0.300.37
0.360.44
0.440.52
0.470.55
0.35 max
0.35 max
0.35 max
0.35 max
0.35 max
0.45 max
0.45 max
0.50 max
0.50 max
0.60 max
0.300.60
0.300.60
0.300.60
0.600.90
0.300.60
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.300.60
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.300.60
0.300.60
0.600.90
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.600.90
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.600.90
0.600.90
0.600.90
0.600.90
0.500.80
0.600.90
0.600.90
0.500.80
0.300.60
0.600.90
0.600.90
0.701.00
0.300.50
0.690.90
0.300.50
1.351.65
1.201.50
1.201.50
1.351.65
1.101.40
1.201.50
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
NoteWhen silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used.
To 1015, excl
1015 to 1025, incl
Over 1025
0.10 max
0.10 max, 0.100.25, or 0.150.30
0.100.25 or 0.150.30
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TABLE X2.2 Standard Chemical Ranges and Limits
NOTE 1The carbon ranges shown in the column headed Range apply when the specified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.00 %.
When the maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.00 %, add 0.01 to the carbon ranges shown below.
Carbon Steels Only, Cast or Heat Analysis
Element
Carbon (see
Note)
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Copper
A
Maximum Specified
Element, %
Range
Lowest
max
to 0.15 incl
0.15 to 0.30 incl
0.30 to 0.40 incl
0.40 to 0.60 incl
0.60 to 0.80 incl
0.80 to 1.35 incl
to 0.50 incl
over 0.50 to 1.15 incl
over 1.15 to 1.65 incl
to 0.08 incl
over 0.08 to 0.015 incl
to 0.08 incl
over 0.08 to 0.15 incl
over 0.15 to 0.23 incl
over 0.23 to 0.33 incl
to 0.15 incl
over 0.15 to 0.30 incl
over 0.30 to 0.60 incl
When copper is required 0.20
min is commonly specified.
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.20
0.30
0.35
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.08
0.15
0.30
0.08
over
over
over
over
over
Certain individual specifications provide for lower standard limits for phosphorus and sulfur.
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0.40
0.030A
0.035A
0.10
A568/A568M 09a
X3. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING BREAKAGE ALLOWANCE LEVELS (APPLICABLE TO CARBON STEEL SHEET
ONLY)
X3.4 When there are two or more suppliers, the recommended procedure for determining a breakage allowance for an
identified part is based on the average percentage of breakage
of at least 75 % of the blanks run on that part, on one set of
dies, during at least one month (3000 piece minimum). The
total production of all suppliers used to obtain this 75 %
minimum is to be included in the calculation starting with the
best performance. The average breakage thus determined shall
be considered the allowance for the part.
X3.4.1 Example:
Vendor
A
B
C
D
E
F
11
Parts Produced
32 466
27 856
67 120
56 200
40 900
850
225 392 total
Parts Scrap
630
579
1477
1349
1125
60
5220 total
% Scrap
1.94
2.08
2.20
2.40
2.75
7.05
2.32 avg
X4. PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION ENCOUNTERED IN FORMING OR
DRAWING
X4.1 Introduction
X4.1.1 The preferred method for determining plastic strain
is the circle grid and forming limit curve. The scribed square
and change in thickness methods may also be used to evaluate
deformation during the forming of a flat sheet into the desired
shape.
X4.2 Circle Grid Method
X4.2.1 The test system employs photographic or electrochemically etched circle patterns on the surface of a sheet
metal blank of known quality and a forming limit curve for
the evaluation of strains developed by forming in press
operations. It is useful in the laboratory and in the press room.
Selection from the various steels that are commercially available can be done effectively by employing this technique. In
addition, corrective action in die or part design to improve
performance is indicated.
X4.2.2 The forming limit curve in Fig. X4.1 has been
developed from actual measurements of the major (e1) and
associated minor (e2) strains found in critical areas of production type stampings. Strain combinations that locate below this
curve are safe, while those that fail above the curve are critical.
For analysis of metal strain on production stampings, one must
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X4.3.4 The sheet metal blanks may be etched by a photographic or electrochemical method. In the former method of
photosensitive solution, for example, 50 % Kodak Photo Resist
(KPR) emulsion and 50 % KPR-thinner, is sprayed onto the
sheet. The emulsion is dried by baking the sheet at 65C for 15
min or by just standing it for several hours at room temperature
in a dark room. The latter should be employed in materials that
age and, hence, become stronger when baked at 65C. The
negative is placed on the emulsion, held intimately in contact
with the sheet, and exposed to a strong ultraviolet light source
for 1 to 112 min. The sheet is developed for 30 to 45 s in KPR
developer, rinsed with water, and sprayed with alcohol to set
the resist. It is again rinsed with water and then sprayed with
KPR black dye to reveal the etched circles.
X4.3.5 In the electrochemical method, the etch pad is
saturated with an appropriate electrolyte. Various electrolytes
are available from suppliers of the etching equipment. Some
electrolytes are more effective than others for etching certain
surfaces, such as terne plate and other metallic coated steels. A
rust-inhibiting solution is preferred for steel sheets.
X4.3.6 A ground clamp for the transformer of suitable
amperage (10 to 50 A is usually used) is fastened to the blank
and the second lead is attached to the etch pad. Although the
current may be turned on at this time, caution should be taken
not to lay the pad on the sheet blank as it will arc. It is
advisable to refrain from touching the metal of the etch pad and
the grounded sheet blank.
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X4.3.7 The stencil is placed with the plastic coating against
the sheet surface in the area to be etched. Wetting the stencil
with a minimum amount of electrolyte will assist in smoothing
out the wrinkles and gives a more uniform etch. The etch pad
is now positioned on the stencil and the current turned on, if it
is not already on. Apply suitable pressure to the pad. Only the
minimum time necessary to produce a clear etched pattern
should be used. The etching time will vary with the amperage
available from the power source and the stencil area, as well as
the pad area in contact with the stencil. Rocker-type etch pads
give good prints and require less amperage than flat-surfaced
pads. Excessive current causes stencil damage.
X4.3.8 The etching solution activates the surface of the
metal and may cause rusting unless it is inhibited. After the
desired area has been etched, the blank should be wiped or
rinsed, dried, and neutralized.
X4.3.9 The etched blank is now ready for forming. The
lubricants and press conditions should simulate production
situations. If a sequence of operations is used in forming a part,
it is desirable to etch sufficient blanks so that each operation
can be studied.
X4.4 Measurement of Strain After Forming
X4.4.1 After forming, the circles are generally distorted into
elliptical shapes (Fig. X4.2). These ellipses have major and
minor strain axes. The major strain (e1) is always defined to be
the direction in which the greatest positive strain has occurred
without regard to original blank edges or the sheet rolling
direction. The minor strain (e2) is defined to be 90 to the major
strain direction.
X4.4.2 There are several methods for determining the major
and minor strains of the formed panel. Typical tools are a pair
of dividers and a scale ruled in 0.5 mm. For sharp radii, a thin
plastic scale that can follow the contour of the stamping can be
used to determine the dimensions of the ellipses. (Scales are
available to read the percent strain directly.)
X4.5 Evaluation of Strain Measurements
X4.5.1 The e1 strain is always positive while the e2 strain
may be zero, positive, or negative, as indicated on the forming
limit curve chart (Fig. X4.1). The maximum e1 and associated
e2 values measured in critical areas on the formed part are
plotted on the graph paper containing the forming limit curve
by locating the point of intersections of the e1, e2 strains.
FIG. X4.3 Graph of Major Strains and Critical Major Strains and
Cross Section of Etched Panel
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is as high as 40 %. The strain distribution curve puts forth
graphically the need to distribute the strain over the length of
the time by some means as described above.
X4.7.1.3 Change in lubrication can also improve the strain
distribution of a stamping. If the strain over the punch is
critical, the amount of stretch (strain) required to make the
shape can be reduced by allowing metal to flow in over the
punch by decreasing the friction through the use of a more
effective lubricant in the hold-down era.
X4.7.1.4 If the part is critical, a change in material may
help. That is, a material having a better uniform elongation will
distribute the strain more uniformly or a material having a
higher r value will make it possible to draw in more metal
from the hold-down area so that less stretch is necessary to
form the part.
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X5. ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR EXPRESSING FLATNESS
FS D S DG
p
2
H
L
3 10 5
or:
I 5 24.7S2
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TABLE X5.1 I-Unit Conversion Chart
Height
2L
I 1025
p =
I Unit (I)
% Steepness
2
I 1021
p=
Height (H)
(peak to
peak)
S D
% Steepness (S)
2.5 (p S)2
Hp
2L
105
~100 H!
L
~LS!
100
A
Examples(1) Assume % steepness is given as 1.5 and the corresponding
I-unit value is desired. From Table X5.2, I = 2.5(pS)2= 2.5[(3.14)(1.5)] 2= 55.5.
(2) Assume an I-unit value of 25 is given and the corresponding % steepness is
desired. From Table X5.2, S = 2/p(I 3 101)1/2= 2/3.14 (25 3 101)1/2= 1.0.
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SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A568/A568M 09) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved November 1, 2009.)
(1) Tables 4, 6, 17, A1.1, A1.3, A1.14 moved to Supplementary Requirements as Tables S1.1-S1.6 respectively.
(2) Tables 5, 7, 18, A1.2, A1.4, A1.15 renumbered, Restricted removed from title, and NOTE 3 (NOTE 4 in Table
A1.15) deleted
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