Phlebotomy and Hematology Exam Review.
Phlebotomy and Hematology Exam Review.
Phlebotomy and Hematology Exam Review.
Phlebotomy
1. Tubes and test:
a. Most important are the Order, Use, Chemicals present in each tube
b. Focus on
i. Bright Yellow for Microbiology
ii. Light Blue for Coagulation tests like FDP, INR/PT (used
Warfarin/Coumadin), PTT(used for Heparin)
iii. SST for all Chemistry, electrolytes, enzymes, hormones
iv. Gray for glucose tolerance, blood alcohol and non stat lactic acid. On
exam
v. Lavender for blood tests like CBC, Rbc/wbc/platelet counts, wintrobe
ESR
vi. Green is for all STATS like ammonia, Catecholamine, blood gas and all
the chemistries that SST would be use green if required as STAT (RIGHT
AWAY)
vii. All anticoagulants except Heparin are Calcium Chelators. Heparin inhibits
PROTHROMBIN changing to THROMBIN.
c. Remember:
i. Young(bright Yellow), Little(Light blue), Rude(Red) Gals(Gold/sst),
Get(Green), Low(Lavender), Grades(Gray), Yells(pale Yellow),
Bob(Black) was on the Exam
ii. Only Red GLASS tube can be used as discard tube. Was on exam.
iii. Warfarin is tested by INR/PT test. Was on exam
2. Color
a. Icteric = amber colour. Due to bilirubin. DOES NOT CONTAIN BILE.
PROTECT LIGHT (transport it in aluminum foil). Was on exam
b. Lipemic= milky/cloudy, due to excess lipid.
c. Hemolysed = serum/plasma appear pale/pink. Due to free hemoglobin. Redo the
collection. Tech error.
3. Gauges: the bigger the gauge (25G) the smaller the BORE.
a. REMEMBER: 23G is butterfly used for Pediatric and adult ARM that roll. NOT
FOR ADULT HAND. That is for 25g. was on exam.
VENIPUNCTURE: YOU KNOW THIS.
a. Remember: Basilica runs lateral to your arm/body. Was on exam
b. Venipuncture problems like
This is by no means exhaustive, just what I could remember. Since she might change the exam questions,
then use it as a guideline.
Upper case = important to note
Hematology
1. Blood Cells
a. Erythrocytes: 4-6million/microlitre. Anucleated. Oxyhemoglobin = OXYGEN,
Carbaminohemoglobin = CARBON DIOXIDE. Was on exam
b. Leukocytes normal range = 5000-10000/microlitre
i. Less than 5000 = HIV, toxins like aplastic anemia
ii. Mor than 10000 = INFECTION or CANCER. Was on exam
iii. Eosinophime = 1-4% of WBC. Was on exam
iv. Monocytes = 4-8% of WBC. Was on exam
c. Thrombocytes = anucleated like erythrocytes. Was on exam
2. disorders
a. Types of Anemia
i. Thalasemia = Mediterranean origin. On exam
ii. Sickle cell = blacks. Exam
This is by no means exhaustive, just what I could remember. Since she might change the exam questions,
then use it as a guideline.
Upper case = important to note
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
=>Hematology Test chart. DONT REMEMBER THE ONES O N THE TEST BUT THEY
HAD A MATCH QUESTIONS. IMPORTANT.
Transfusion chart: DONT REMEMBER THE ONES O N THE TEST. IMPORTANT
WINTROBE VS WESTERGRREN ESR METHOD = on exam
BLOOD SMEAR:
1. THIN SMEAR = SMALL DROP OR SMALL ANGLE. ON exam