Theories of Personality

PERSONALITY
Personality" is a dynamic
and organized set of
characteristics possessed
by a person that uniquely
influences their
environment, cognitions,
emotions, motivations,
and behavioral science in
various situations. The
word "personality"
originates from the Latin
persona, which means
mask.
PERSONALITY
The characteristics or
blend of characteristics
that make a person
unique (Weinberg &
Gould, 1999).
PERSONALITY
We must also consider
the influence and
interaction of nature
(biology, genetics etc.)
and nurture (the
environment,
upbringing) with
respect to personality
development.
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
Trait theories of personality
imply personality is biological
based, whereas state theories
such as Banduara's (1977)
Social Learning
Theory emphasize the role of
nurture and environmental
influence. Sigmund
Freud's psychodynamic theory
of personality assumes there is
an interaction between nature
(innate instincts) and nurture
(parental influences).
SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

In the 1940's, William
Herbert Sheldon associated
body types with human
temperament types. He
claimed that a body type
could be linked with the
personality of that person.
He split up these
body/personality types into
three categories called
somatotypes.

Are you an endomorph
type?
Do you have a difficult
time losing weight?

The Endomorph is physically
"round". They have wide hips
and narrow shoulders that
give a pear-shape. They tend
to have a lot of extra fat on
their body and on their arms
and thighs.
They have skinny ankles and
wrists that make the rest of
their body look even bigger.

The characteristic traits
of this somatotype
usually includes being
relaxed, tolerant,
comfortable, and
sociable.
Psychologically, they are
also fun-loving, good
humored,eventempered, and they
love food and affection.

Physically, they have
narrow shoulders, thin
legs and arms, little fat on
the body, a narrow face
and a narrow chest.
Personality wise, they
tend to be self- conscious,
socially anxious, artistic,
thoughful, quiet, and
private. They always keep
to themselves and are a
afraid to branch out.

The mesomorph is in
between the
endomorph and thin
ectomorph. They have
an attractive and
desirable body

Physically, they tend to
have a large head and
broad shoulders with a
narrow waist. They have
a strong muscular body
and strong arms and
legs and little fat on the
body.

Physically, they tend to
have a large head and
broad shoulders with a
narrow waist. They have
a strong muscular body
and strong arms and
legs and little fat on the
body.

Psychologically, the
mesomorph is
adventurous and
courageous. They are
not afraid to break out
and do new things with
new people. They are
assertive
SHELDON THEORY
The original work of
Sheldon was used to
characterize criminals and
he found that most of the
criminals were
mesomorphs because
violent crimes were
usually committed by big
strong men.
4 temperaments
Four temperaments is a
proto-psychological theory
that suggests that there are
four fundamental
personality types, sanguine
(optimistic leader-like),
choleric (bad-tempered or
irritable), melancholic
(analytical and quiet), and
phlegmatic (relaxed and
peaceful).
4 temperaments
Temperament theory has its
roots in the ancient four
humors theory. It may have
origins in ancient Egypt but it
was the Greek physician
Hippocrates (460370 BC) who
developed it into a medical
theory. He believed certain
human moods, emotions and
behaviors were caused by an
excess or lack of body fluids
(called "humors"): blood,
yellow bile, black bile, and
phlegm.
4 temperaments
4 temperaments
4 temperaments
4 temperaments
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Personality disorders are a
class of mental disorders
characterized by enduring
maladaptive patterns of
behavior, cognition, and
inner experence.
. PARANOID
Guarded, defensive, distrustful
and suspiciousness.
Hypervigilant to the motives of
others to undermine or do harm.
Always seeking confirmatory
evidence of hidden schemes.
Feels righteous, but persecuted.
People with paranoid personality
disorder are characterized by a
pattern of pervasive distrust and
suspiciousness of others which
last for a long time. They are
generally difficult to work with.
SCHIZOID
Apathetic, indifferent,
remote, solitary, distant,
humorless. Neither
desires nor needs human
attachments. Withdrawal
from relationships and
prefer to be alone. Little
interest in others, often
seen as a loner.
SCHIZOID TYPAL
Eccentric, self-estranged,
bizarre, absent. Exhibits
peculiar mannerisms and
behaviors. Thinks can read
thoughts of others.
Preoccupied with odd
daydreams and beliefs.
Blurs line between reality
and fantasy.
BORDERLINE
Unpredictable,
manipulative, unstable.
Frantically fears
abandonment and
isolation. Experiences
rapidly fluctuating moods.
Shifts rapidly between
loving and hating.
HISTRIONIC
Constant seeking for others'
attention. Is characterized
by constant attentionseeking, emotional
overreaction, and
suggestibility. This
personality's tendency to
over-dramatize may impair
relationships and lead to
depression, but sufferers are
often high-functioning
NARCISSISTIC
Egotistical, arrogant,
grandiose, insouciant.
Preoccupied with
fantasies of success,
beauty, or achievement.
Sees self as admirable and
superior, and therefore
entitled to special
treatment
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
restrained, conscientious,
respectful, rigid.
Maintains a rule-bound
lifestyle. Adheres closely
to social conventions. Sees
the world in terms of
regulations and
hierarchies. Sees self as
devoted, reliable,
efficient, and productive.
SADISTIC
explosively hostile, abrasive,
cruel, dogmatic. Liable to
sudden outbursts of rage.
Feels self-satisfied through
dominating, intimidating
and humiliating others. Is
opinionated and closeminded. Enjoys performing
brutal acts on others. Finds
pleasure is abusing others
PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
SIGMUND FREUD
DEFENSE MECHANISM
Carl Jungs Theory

Each person seems to be
energized more by either the
external world (extraversion)
or the internal world
(introversion). The introvert is
more comfortable with the
inner world of thoughts and
feelings, so they will see the
world in terms of how it
affects them. While the
extrovert feels more at home
with the world of objects and
other people, and is more
concerned with their impact
upon the world.
INTROVERT
are more comfortable living
alone and being by themselves.
They depend on their me time
to recharge; they become
immersed in their inner world
and run the risk of losing touch
with their surroundings or their
outer world. They also tend to be
introspective and keep their
social circle limited.
CARL JUNGS THEORY

Extroverts, on the contrary,
are actively involved in the
world of people and things;
they are socially active and
more aware of what is going
on around them. They like
to be part of groups,
communities and probable
places where they get a
chance to interact. The idea
of being alone terrifies
them, leaving them
alienated from their inner
selves.
Ambivert
displays mixture of both
introvert and extrovert.
ALFRED ADLERS BIRTH ORDER

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PERSONALITY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

SHELDON PERSONALITY THEORY

Carl Jungs Theory

CARL JUNGS THEORY

ALFRED ADLERS BIRTH ORDER

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