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    BioSci 101 - Lab 5

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    This document summarizes key information about diabetes mellitus. It describes the two main types of diabetes: Type 1 where the body does not produce insulin and Type 2 where the body produces insulin but the receptors are non-functional. Type 1 affects 5-10% of diabetics usually in childhood while Type 2 affects 90-95% of diabetics usually in adulthood. Side effects of high blood glucose are also listed. The document then addresses how insulin injection lowers blood glucose levels and why uncontrolled blood glucose can damage the eyes and kidneys over time.

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    BioSci 101 - Lab 5

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    252 views2 pages
    This document summarizes key information about diabetes mellitus. It describes the two main types of diabetes: Type 1 where the body does not produce insulin and Type 2 where the body produces insulin but the receptors are non-functional. Type 1 affects 5-10% of diabetics usually in childhood while Type 2 affects 90-95% of diabetics usually in adulthood. Side effects of high blood glucose are also listed. The document then addresses how insulin injection lowers blood glucose levels and why uncontrolled blood glucose can damage the eyes and kidneys over time.

    Original Description:

    Diabetes Laboratory Information Sheet

    Original Title

    BioSci 101 – Lab 5

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    This document summarizes key information about diabetes mellitus. It describes the two main types of diabetes: Type 1 where the body does not produce insulin and Type 2 where the body produces insulin but the receptors are non-functional. Type 1 affects 5-10% of diabetics usually in childhood while Type 2 affects 90-95% of diabetics usually in adulthood. Side effects of high blood glucose are also listed. The document then addresses how insulin injection lowers blood glucose levels and why uncontrolled blood glucose can damage the eyes and kidneys over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    252 views2 pages

    BioSci 101 - Lab 5

    Uploaded by

    qwwqwwqwqwwqwwq
    This document summarizes key information about diabetes mellitus. It describes the two main types of diabetes: Type 1 where the body does not produce insulin and Type 2 where the body produces insulin but the receptors are non-functional. Type 1 affects 5-10% of diabetics usually in childhood while Type 2 affects 90-95% of diabetics usually in adulthood. Side effects of high blood glucose are also listed. The document then addresses how insulin injection lowers blood glucose levels and why uncontrolled blood glucose can damage the eyes and kidneys over time.

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    BioSci 101 Lab 5

    Diabetes Mellitus:
    -

    Type 1:
    o Body doesnt produce insulin as the beta cells are destroyed.
    This is often autoimmune (body attacks own cells), genetic, or
    through environmental factors
    o Affects 5-10% of diabetics, and usually onsets in children or
    adolescents

    Type 2:
    o The body produces insulin but the receptors are non-functional
    o Affects 90-95% of diabetics, usually in adults over the age of
    40, most often at age 50 to 60.
    o Can be linked to a number of pathologies (causes) (also
    obesity) but it is not clear as to how it is or why.

    Side
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o
    o

    effects of diabetes:
    Excessive thirst
    Frequent urination
    Extreme hunger or constant eating
    Unexplained weight loss
    Glucose present in urine
    Fatigue
    Changes in vision
    Numbness or tingling in extremities (hands and feet)
    Slow healing wounds
    Abnormally high frequency of infection

    Questions
    -

    How does insulin injection lower blood glucose levels?


    o Insulin is a hormone that:
    Stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood (and
    generate ATP from it)
    Causes liver cells to uptake glucose and store it as
    glycogen (muscles too)
    o Hence insulin results in the decrease in the blood glucose level

    Why did Di Beatty often feel fatigued before she was diagnosed with
    diabetes?
    o Insulin stimulates cells to uptake the glucose in the blood to
    use in cellular respiration. However, in the absence of insulin,
    the cells dont uptake enough glucose hence will produce less
    ATP (energy) leading to DI Beatty feeling fatigued
    Why would non controlling blood glucose levels lead to eye and
    kidney damage?
    o Kidney Damage:
    Due to the blood having high concentrations of glucose,
    it becomes thicker and more viscous
    The kidney has many capillaries, especially in the
    glomerulus, which are involved in filtering the blood
    When the blood becomes more thick and viscous, over
    time the capillaries become thicker and damaged,
    leading to them becoming leaky
    The damaged kidney is then unable to filter the blood
    properly leading to proteins being present in urine, salts
    and water building up in the blood, and importantly,
    there is a buildup of waste and toxins in the blood
    leading to further damage
    o Eye damage:
    Damage to the eyes due to diabetes is called diabetic
    retinopathy
    The blood vessels in the retina swell and become
    damaged and can damage the cells in the retina
    potentially resulting in blindness.
    The blood vessels become leaky, leaking fats and fluids
    into the tissue of the eye or even bleeding, impairing
    vision.

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