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    Pull Up and Pull Down Resistors

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    Nikola Petkovic
    Pull-up resistors are used to ensure a pin is at a high logic level when no input is present. They connect from the power supply to the pin. Pull-down resistors ensure a pin is at a low logic level with no input, connecting from the pin to ground. Typical values are 1-5kΩ for pull-ups and 1-10kΩ for pull-downs. They are commonly used for interfacing switches and sensors to microcontrollers and maintaining known logic levels on I/O pins.

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    Pull Up and Pull Down Resistors

    Uploaded by

    Nikola Petkovic
    395 views3 pages
    Pull-up resistors are used to ensure a pin is at a high logic level when no input is present. They connect from the power supply to the pin. Pull-down resistors ensure a pin is at a low logic level with no input, connecting from the pin to ground. Typical values are 1-5kΩ for pull-ups and 1-10kΩ for pull-downs. They are commonly used for interfacing switches and sensors to microcontrollers and maintaining known logic levels on I/O pins.

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    kako podesiti pull up and pull down

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    Pull-up resistors are used to ensure a pin is at a high logic level when no input is present. They connect from the power supply to the pin. Pull-down resistors ensure a pin is at a low logic level with no input, connecting from the pin to ground. Typical values are 1-5kΩ for pull-ups and 1-10kΩ for pull-downs. They are commonly used for interfacing switches and sensors to microcontrollers and maintaining known logic levels on I/O pins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    395 views3 pages

    Pull Up and Pull Down Resistors

    Uploaded by

    Nikola Petkovic
    Pull-up resistors are used to ensure a pin is at a high logic level when no input is present. They connect from the power supply to the pin. Pull-down resistors ensure a pin is at a low logic level with no input, connecting from the pin to ground. Typical values are 1-5kΩ for pull-ups and 1-10kΩ for pull-downs. They are commonly used for interfacing switches and sensors to microcontrollers and maintaining known logic levels on I/O pins.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Pull-up and pull-down resistors are used in digital circuits to define the logical level at a pin under all conditions by pulling it high or low respectively in the absence of an input signal. They prevent pins from being left floating at an undefined logical level.

    Pull-up and pull-down resistors are used to interface switches and other inputs with microcontrollers or digital logic gates by pulling the pin high or low when the input is open.

    The appropriate value of a pull-up resistor is limited by power dissipation and ensuring a high enough pin voltage when the input is open. A good starting value is typically 4.7kΩ for switches and 1-10kΩ for sensors.

    Pull up resistor / Pull down resistor

    Pull-up resistor circuit

    What are pull-up resistors?


    Pull-up resistors are resistors used in logic circuits to ensure a well-defined logical level at a pin
    under all conditions. As a reminder, digital logic circuits have three logic states: high, low and
    floating (or high impedance). The high-impedance state occurs when the pin is not pulled to a
    high or low logic level, but is left floating instead. A good illustration of this is an unconnected
    input pin of a microcontroller. It is neither in a high or low logic state, and a microcontroller
    might unpredictably interpret the input value as either a logical high or logical low. Pull-up
    resistors are used to solve the dilemma for the microcontroller by pulling the value to a logical
    high state, as seen in the figure. If there werent for the pull-up resistor, the MCUs input would
    be floating when the switch is open and brought down only when the switch is closed.
    Pull-up resistors are not a special kind of resistors; they are simple fixed-value resistors
    connected between the voltage supply (usually +5V) and the appropriate pin, which results in
    defining the input or output voltage in the absence of a driving signal. A typical pull-up resistor
    value is 4.7k, but can vary depending on the application, as will be discussed later in this
    article.

    Pull-up resistor definition


    Pull-up resistors are resistors which are used to ensure that a wire is pulled to a high logical level
    in the absence of an input signal.

    What are pull-down resistors?

    Pull-down resistor
    Pull-down resistors work in the same manner as pull-up resistors, except that they pull the pin to
    a logical low value. They are connected between ground and the appropriate pin on a device. An
    example of a pull-down resistor in a digital circuit can be seen in the figure. A pushbutton switch
    is connected between the supply voltage and a microcontroller pin. In such a circuit, when the
    switch is closed, the micro-controller input is at a logical high value, but when the switch is
    open, the pull-down resistor pulls the input voltage down to ground (logical zero value),
    preventing an undefined state at the input. The pull-down resistor must have a larger resistance
    than the impedance of the logic circuit, or else it might be able to pull the voltage down by too
    much and the input voltage at the pin would remain at a constant logical low value regardless
    of the switch position.

    Pull-up resistor value


    The appropriate value for the pull-up resistor is limited by two factors. The first factor is power
    dissipation. If the resistance value is too low, a high current will flow through the pull-up

    resistor, heating the device and using up an unnecessary amount of power when the switch is
    closed. This condition is called a strong pull-up and is avoided when low power consumption is a
    requirement. The second factor is the pin voltage when the switch is open. If the pull-up
    resistance value is too high, combined with a large leakage current of the input pin, the input
    voltage can become insufficient when the switch is open. This condition is called having a weak
    pull-up. The actual value of the pull-ups resistance depends on the impedance of the input pin,
    which is closely related to the pins leakage current.
    A rule of thumb is to use a resistor that is at least 10 times smaller than the value of the input pin
    impedance. In bipolar logic families which operate at operating at 5V, the typical pull-up resistor
    value is 1-5 k. For switch and resistive sensor applications, the typical pull-up resistor value is
    1-10 k. If in doubt, a good starting point when using a switch is 4.7 k. Some digital circuits,
    such as CMOS families, have a small input leakage current, allowing much higher resistance
    values, from around 10k up to 1M. The disadvantage when using a larger resistance value is
    that the input pin responses to voltage changes slower. This is the result of the coupling between
    the pull-up resistor and the line capacitance of the wire which forms an RC circuit. The larger the
    product of R and C, the more time is needed for the capacitance to charge and discharge, and
    consequently the slower the circuit. In high-speed circuits, a large pull-up resistor can sometimes
    limit the speed at which the pin can reliably change state.

    Typical applications for pull-up and pull-down resistors


    Pull-up and pull-down resistors are often used when interfacing a switch or some other input
    with a microcontroller or other digital gates. Most microcontrollers have in-built programmable
    pull up/down resistors so fewer external components are needed. It is possible to interface a
    switch with such microcontrollers directly. Pull-up resistors are in general used more often than
    pull-down resistors, although some microcontroller families have both pull-up and pull-downs
    available.
    They are often used in analog to digital converters to provide a controlled current flow into a
    resistive sensor.
    Another application is the I2C protocol bus, where pull-up resistors are used to enable a single
    pin to act as an input or an output. When not connected to a bus, the pin floats in a highimpedance state.
    Pull-down resistors are also used on outputs to provide a known output impedance.

    Read more http://www.resistorguide.com/pull-up-resistor_pull-down-resistor/

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