1) What Is The Difference Between The QA and Software ?: Testing

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1) What is the difference between the QA and software testing?

The role of QA (Quality Assurance) is to monitor the quality of the process to produce a
quality of a product. While the software testing, is the process of ensuring the final
product and check the functionality of final product and to see whether the final product
meets the users requirement.
2) What is Testware?
Testware is the subset of software, which helps in performing the testing of application.
It is a term given to the combination of software application and utilities which is required
for testing a software package.
3) What is the difference between build and release?
Build: It is a number given to Installable software that is given to testing team by the
development team.
Release: It is a number given to Installable software that is handed over to customer by
the tester or developer.
4) What are the automation challenges that QA team faces while
testing?

Exploitation of automation tool

Frequency of use of test case

Reusability of Automation script

Adaptability of test case for automation

5) What is bug leakage and bug release?


Bug release is when software or an application is handed over to the testing team
knowing that the defect is present in a release. During this the priority and severity of
bug is low, as bug can be removed before the final handover.
Bug leakage is something, when the bug is discovered by the end users or customer,
and missed by the testing team to detect, while testing the software.

QA Interview Questions

6) What is data driven testing?


Data driven testing is an automation testing part, which tests the output or input values.
These values are read directly from the data files. The data files may include csv files,
excel files, data pools and many more. It is performed when the values are changing by
the time.
7) Explain the steps for Bug Cycle?

Once the bug is identified by the tester, it is assigned to the


development manager in open status

If the bug is a valid defect the development team will fix it and if it is
not a valid defect, the defect will be ignored and marked as rejected

The next step will be to check whether it is in scope, if it is happen so


that, the bug is not the part of the current release then the defects are
postponed

If the defect or bug is raised earlier then the tester will assigned a
DUPLICATE status

When bug is assigned to developer to fix, it will be given a INPROGRESS status

Once the defect is repaired, the status will changed to FIXED at the end
the tester will give CLOSED status if it passes the final test.

8) What does the test strategy include?


The test strategy includes introduction, resource, scope and schedule for test activities,
test tools, test priorities, test planning and the types of test that has to be performed.
9) Mention the different types of software testing?

Unit testing

Integration testing and regression testing

Shakeout testing

Smoke testing

Functional testing

Performance testing

White box and Black box testing

Alpha and Beta testing

Load testing and stress testing

System testing

10) What is branch testing and what is boundary testing?


The testing of all the branches of the application, which is tested once, is known as
branch testing. While the testing, which is focused on the limit conditions of the software
is known as boundary testing.
11) What are the contents in test plans and test cases?

Testing objectives

Testing scope

Testing the frame

The environment

Reason for testing

The criteria for entrance and exit

Deliverables

Risk factors

12) What is Agile testing and what is the importance of Agile


testing?
Agile testing is software testing, which involves the testing of the software from the
customer point of view. The importance of this testing is that, unlike normal testing
process, this testing does not wait for development team to complete the coding first and
then doing testing. The coding and testing both goes simultaneously. It requires
continuous customer interaction.
It works on SDLC ( Systems Development Life Cycle) methodologies, it means that the
task is divided into different segments and compiled at the end of the task.
13) What is Test case?
Test case is a specific term that is used to test a specific element. It has information of
test steps, prerequisites, test environment and outputs.

14) What is the strategy for Automation Test Plan?

The strategy for Automation Test Plan

Preparation of Automation Test Plan

Recording the scenario

Error handler incorporation

Script enhancement by inserting check points and looping constructs

Debugging the script and fixing the issues

Rerunning the script

Reporting the result

15) What is quality audit?


The systematic and independent examination for determining the quality of activities is
known as quality audit. It allows the cross check for the planned arrangements, whether
they are properly implemented or not.
16) How does a server or client environment affect software testing?
As the dependencies on the clients are more, the client or server applications are
complex.
The testing needs are extensive as servers, communications and hardware are
interdependent. Integration and system testing is also for a limited period of time.
17) What are the tools used by a tester while testing?

Selenium

Firebug

OpenSTA

WinSCP

YSlow for FireBug

Web Developer toolbar for firebox

18) Explain stress testing, load testing and volume testing?

Load Testing: Testing an application under heavy but expected load is


known as Load Testing. Here, the load refers to the large volume of users,
messages, requests, data, etc.

Stress Testing: When the load placed on the system is raised or


accelerated beyond the normal range then it is known as Stress Testing.

Volume Testing: The process of checking the system, whether the


system can handle the required amounts of data, user requests, etc. is
known as Volume Testing.

19) What are the five common solutions for software developments
problems?

Setting up the requirements criteria, the requirements of a software


should be complete, clear and agreed by all

The next thing is the realistic schedule like time for planning ,
designing, testing, fixing bugs and re-testing

Adequate testing, start the testing immediately after one or more


modules development.

Use rapid prototype during design phase so that it can be easy for
customers to find what to expect

Use of group communication tools

20) What is a USE case and what does it include?


The document that describes, the user action and system response, for a particular
functionality is known as USE case. It includes revision history, table of contents, flow of
events, cover page, special requirements, pre-conditions and post-conditions.
21) What is CRUD testing and how to test CRUD?

CRUD testing is another name for Black Box testing. CRUD stands for Create, Read,
Update and Delete.
22) What is validation and verification in software testing?
In verification, all the key aspects of software developments are taken in concern like
code, specifications, requirements and document plans. Verification is done on the
basis of four things list of issues, checklist, walkthroughs and inspection meetings.
Following verification, validation is done, it involves actual testing, and all the verification
aspects are checked thoroughly in validation.
23) What is thread testing?
A thread testing is a top-down testing, where the progressive integration of components
follows the implementation of subsets of the requirements, as opposed to the integration
of components by successively lower levels.
24) What is configuration management?

It is a process to control and document any changes made during the life of a project.
Release control, Change control and Revision control are the important aspects of
configuration management.
25) What is Ad Hoc testing?
It is a testing phase where the tester tries to break the system by randomly trying the
systems functionality. It can include negative testing as well.
26) List out the roles of software Quality Assurance engineer?
A software quality assurance engineer tasks include following things

Writing source code

Software design

Control of source code

Reviewing code

Change management

Configuration management

Integration of software

Program testing

Release management process

27) Explain what are test driver and test stub and why it is required?

The stub is called from the software component to be tested, it is used


in top down approach

The driver calls a component to be tested, it is used in bottom up


approach

It is required when we need to test the interface between modules X


and Y and we have developed only module X. So we cannot just test
module X but if there is any dummy module we can use that dummy
module to test module X

Now module B cannot receive or send data from module A directly, so


in these case we have to transmit data from one module to another
module by some external features. This external feature is referred as
Driver

28) Explain what is Bug triage?


A bug triage is a process to

Ensure bug report completeness

Assign and analyze the bug

Assigning bug to proper bug owner

Adjust bug severity properly

Set appropriate bug priority

29) List out various tools required to support testing during


development of the application?
To support testing during development of application following tools can be used

Test Management Tools: JIRA, Quality Center etc.

Defect Management Tools: Test Director, Bugzilla

Project Management Tools: Sharepoint

Automation Tools: RFT, QTP, and WinRunner

30) Explain what is a cause effect graph?


A cause effect graph is a graphical representation of inputs and the associated outputs
effects that can be used to design test cases.
31) Explain what is Test Metric is software testing and what
information does it contains?
In software testing, Test Metric is referred to standard of test measurement. They are the
statistics narrating the structure or content of a program. It contains information like

Total test

Test run

Test passed

Test failed

Tests deferred

Test passed the first time

32) Explain what is traceability matrix?


A test matrix is used to verify the test scripts per specified requirements of test cases.
33) Explain what is the difference between Regression testing and
Retesting?
Retesting is carried out to check the defects fixes, while regression testing is performed
to check whether the defect fix have any impact on other functionality.
34) List out the software quality practices through the software
development cycle?

Software quality practices includes

Review the requirements before starting the development phase

Code Review

Write comprehensive test cases

Session based testing

Risk based testing

Prioritize bug based on usage

Form a dedicated security and performance testing team

Run a regression cycle

Perform sanity tests on production

Simulate customer accounts on production

Include software QA Test Reports

35) Explain what is the rule of a Test Driven Development?


The rule of a Test Driven Development is to prepare test cases before writing the actual
code. Which means you are actually be writing code for the tests before you write code
for the application.
36) Mention what are the types of documents in QA?
The types of documents in QA are

Requirement Document

Test Metrics

Test cases and Test plan

Task distribution flow chart

Transaction Mix

User profiles

Test log

User profiles

Test incident report

Test summary report

37) Explain what should your QA documents should include?


QA testing document should include

List the number of defects detected as per severity level

Explain each requirement or business function in detail

Inspection reports

Configurations

Test plans and test cases

Bug reports

User manuals

Prepare separate reports for managers and users

38) Explain what is MR and what information does MR consists of?


MR stands for Modification Request also referred as Defect report, it is written for
reporting errors/problems/suggestions in the software.
39) What does the software QA document should include?
Software QA document should include
40) Mention how validation activities should be conducted?
Validation activities should be conducted by following techniques

Hire third party independent verification and validation

Assign internal staff members that are not involved in validation and
verification activities

Independent evaluation

terview questions and answers job interview tips

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2. Tell me about yourself? This is probably the most asked question in manual testing
interview. It breaks the ice and gets you to talk about something you should be fairly
comfortable with. Have something prepared that doesn't sound rehearsed. It's not about
you telling your life story and quite frankly, the interviewer just isn't interested. Unless
asked to do so, stick to your education, career and current situation. Work through it
chronologically from the furthest back to the present. Interview questions and answers
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3. What makes a good test engineer? A good test engineer has a 'test to break' attitude,
an ability to take the point of view of the customer, a strong desire for quality, and an
attention to detail. Tact and diplomacy are useful in maintaining a cooperative relationship
with developers, and an ability to communicate with both technical (developers) and nontechnical (customers, management) people is useful. Previous software development

experience can be helpful as it provides a deeper understanding of the software


development process, gives the tester an appreciation for the developers' point of view,
and reduce the learning curve in automated test tool programming. Judgment skills are
needed to assess high-risk areas of an application on which to focus testing efforts when
time is limited. Interview questions and answers free pdf download Page 3 of 29

4. What Can You Do for Us That Other Candidates Can't? What makes you unique? This
will take an assessment of your experiences, skills and traits. Summarize concisely: "I
have a unique combination of strong technical skills, and the ability to build strong
customer relationships. This allows me to use my knowledge and break down information
to be more user-friendly." Interview questions and answers free pdf download Page 4 of
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5. What's the role of documentation in QA? Critical. (Note that documentation can be
electronic, not necessarily paper.) QA practices should be documented such that they are
repeatable. Specifications, designs, business rules, inspection reports, configurations,
code changes, test plans, test cases, bug reports, user manuals, etc. should all be
documented. There should ideally be a system for easily finding and obtaining
documents and determining what documentation will have a particular piece of
information. Change management for documentation should be used if possible.
Interview questions and answers free pdf download Page 5 of 29

6. What's a 'test case'? A test case is a document that describes an input, action, or
event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of an application is working
correctly. A test case should contain particulars such as test case identifier, test case
name, objective, test conditions/setup, input data requirements, steps, and expected
results. Note that the process of developing test cases can help find problems in the
requirements or design of an application, since it requires completely thinking through the
operation of the application. For this reason, it's useful to prepare test cases early in the
development cycle if possible. Interview questions and answers free pdf download
Page 6 of 29

7. What is 'configuration management'? Configuration management covers the processes


used to control, coordinate, and track: code, requirements, documentation, problems,
change requests, designs, tools/compilers/libraries/patches, changes made to them, and
who makes the changes. (See the 'Tools' section for web resources with listings of
configuration management tools. Also see the Bookstore section's 'Configuration
Management' category for useful books with more information.) Interview questions and
answers free pdf download Page 7 of 29

8. What if the software is so buggy it can't really be tested at all? The best bet in this
situation is for the testers to go through the process of reporting whatever bugs or
blocking-type problems initially show up, with the focus being on critical bugs. Since this
type of problem can severely affect schedules, and indicates deeper problems in the
software development process (such as insufficient unit testing or insufficient integration
testing, poor design, improper build or release procedures, etc.) managers should be

notified, and provided with some documentation as evidence of the problem. Interview
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9. What if the project isn't big enough to justify extensive testing? Consider the impact of
project errors, not the size of the project. However, if extensive testing is still not justified,
risk analysis is again needed and the same considerations as described previously in
'What if there isn't enough time for thorough testing?' apply. The tester might then do ad
hoc testing, or write up a limited test plan based on the risk analysis. Interview questions
and answers free pdf download Page 9 of 29

10. What if the application has functionality that wasn't in the requirements? It may take
serious effort to determine if an application has significant unexpected or hidden
functionality, and it would indicate deeper problems in the software development process.
If the functionality isn't necessary to the purpose of the application, it should be removed,
as it may have unknown impacts or dependencies that were not taken into account by the
designer or the customer. If not removed, design information will be needed to determine
added testing needs or regression testing needs. Management should be made aware of
any significant added risks as a result of the unexpected functionality. If the functionality
only effects areas such as minor improvements in the user interface, for example, it may
not be a significant risk. Interview questions and answers free pdf download Page 10 of
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11. How can Software QA processes be implemented without stifling productivity? By


implementing QA processes slowly over time, using consensus to reach agreement on
processes, and adjusting and experimenting as an organization grows and matures,
productivity will be improved instead of stifled. Problem prevention will lessen the need
for problem detection, panics and burn-out will decrease, and there will be improved
focus and less wasted effort. At the same time, attempts should be made to keep
processes simple and efficient, minimize paperwork, promote computer-based processes
and automated tracking and reporting, minimize time required in meetings, and promote
training as part of the QA process. However, no one - especially talented technical types likes rules or bureacracy, and in the short run things may slow down a bit. A typical
scenario would be that more days of planning and development will be needed, but less
time will be required for late-night bug-fixing and calming of irate customers. Interview
questions and answers free pdf download Page 11 of 29

12. What if an organization is growing so fast that fixed QA processes are impossible?
This is a common problem in the software industry, especially in new technology areas.
There is no easy solution in this situation, other than: Hire good people Management
should 'ruthlessly prioritize' quality issues and maintain focus on the customer Everyone
in the organization should be clear on what 'quality' means to the customer Interview
questions and answers free pdf download Page 12 of 29

13. How does a client/server environment affect testing? Client/server applications can
be quite complex due to the multiple dependencies among clients, data communications,
hardware, and servers. Thus testing requirements can be extensive. When time is limited

(as it usually is) the focus should be on integration and system testing. Additionally,
load/stress/performance testing may be useful in determining client/server application
limitations and capabilities. There are commercial tools to assist with such testing. (See
the 'Tools' section for web resources with listings that include these kinds of test tools.)
Interview questions and answers free pdf download Page 13 of 29

14. What is Extreme Programming and what's it got to do with testing? Extreme
Programming (XP) is a software development approach for small teams on risk-prone
projects with unstable requirements. It was created by Kent Beck who described the
approach in his book 'Extreme Programming Explained' (See the Softwareqatest.com
Books page.). Testing ('extreme testing') is a core aspect of Extreme Programming.
Programmers are expected to write unit and functional test code first - before the
application is developed. Test code is under source control along with the rest of the
code. Customers are expected to be an integral part of the project team and to help
develope scenarios for acceptance/black box testing. Acceptance tests are preferably
automated, and are modified and rerun for each of the frequent development iterations.
QA and test personnel are also required to be an integral part of the project team.
Detailed requirements documentation is not used, and frequent re-scheduling, reestimating, and re-prioritizing is expected. For more info see the XP-related listings in the
Softwareqatest.com 'Other Resources' section. Interview questions and answers free
pdf download Page 14 of 29

15. How is testing affected by object-oriented designs? Well-engineered object-oriented


design can make it easier to trace from code to internal design to functional design to
requirements. While there will be little affect on black box testing (where an
understanding of the internal design of the application is unnecessary), white-box testing
can be oriented to the application's objects. If the application was well-designed this can
simplify test design. Interview questions and answers free pdf download Page 15 of 29

16. What is 'Software Quality Assurance'? Software QA involves the entire software
development PROCESS - monitoring and improving the process, making sure that any
agreed-upon standards and procedures are followed, and ensuring that problems are
found and dealt with. It is oriented to 'prevention'. (See the Bookstore section's 'Software
QA' category for a list of useful books on Software Quality Assurance.) Interview
questions and answers free pdf download Page 16 of 29

17. Why is it often hard for management to get serious about quality assurance? Solving
problems is a high-visibility process; preventing problems is low-visibility. This is
illustrated by an old parable: In ancient China there was a family of healers, one of whom
was known throughout the land and employed as a physician to a great lord. The
physician was asked which of his family was the most skillful healer. He replied, "I tend to
the sick and dying with drastic and dramatic treatments, and on occasion someone is
cured and my name gets out among the lords." "My elder brother cures sickness when it
just begins to take root, and his skills are known among the local peasants and
neighbors." "My eldest brother is able to sense the spirit of sickness and eradicate it

before it takes form. His name is unknown outside our home." Interview questions and
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18. What is verification? validation? Verification typically involves reviews and meetings to
evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. This can be done
with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings. Validation typically
involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. The term 'IV & V'
refers to Independent Verification and Validation. Interview questions and answers free
pdf download Page 18 of 29

19. What are 5 common problems in the software development process? poor
requirements - if requirements are unclear, incomplete, too general, or not testable, there
will be problems. unrealistic schedule - if too much work is crammed in too little time,
problems are inevitable. inadequate testing - no one will know whether or not the
program is any good until the customer complains or systems crash. featuritis - requests
to pile on new features after development is underway; extremely common.
miscommunication - if developers don't know what's needed or customer's have
erroneous expectations, problems are guaranteed. Interview questions and answers
free pdf download Page 19 of 29

20. What is software 'quality'? Quality software is reasonably bug-free, delivered on time
and within budget, meets requirements and/or expectations, and is maintainable.
However, quality is obviously a subjective term. It will depend on who the 'customer' is
and their overall influence in the scheme of things. A wide-angle view of the 'customers'
of a software development project might include end-users, customer acceptance testers,
customer contract officers, customer management, the development organization's
management/accountants/testers/salespeople, future software maintenance engineers,
stockholders, magazine columnists, etc. Each type of 'customer' will have their own slant
on 'quality' - the accounting department might define quality in terms of profits while an
end-user might define quality as user-friendly and bug-free. Interview questions and
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23. Tip 1: Do your homework You'll likely be asked difficult questions during the interview.
Preparing the list of likely questions in advance will help you easily transition from

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24. Tip 2: First impressions When meeting someone for the first time, we instantaneously
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days following, and that job could be yours. Therefore: Never arrive late. Use positive
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you step into the room. Look fabulous; dress sharp and make sure you look your best.
Start the interview with a handshake; give a nice firm press and then some up and down
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27. Tip 5: Ask questions Do not leave the interview without ensuring that you know all
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28. Tip 6: Follow up and send a thank-you note Following up after an interview can help
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