Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 36 views

    4 Oscillations and Waves

    Uploaded by

    Abbas Haider
    This document contains information about oscillations, waves, and physics concepts such as simple harmonic motion, progressive waves, standing waves, resonance, and damping. Key points include: - Simple harmonic motion is an oscillatory motion where acceleration is proportional to displacement from a fixed point and directed toward that point. - Progressive waves transfer energy as a result of particle oscillations/vibrations, while standing waves do not transfer energy along the wave. - Resonance occurs when an impressed frequency equals the natural frequency of vibration, and should be avoided in situations where it could cause excessive vibration. - Damping is the reduction of amplitude due to friction or loss of energy from the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    4 Oscillations and Waves

    Uploaded by

    Abbas Haider
    36 views4 pages
    This document contains information about oscillations, waves, and physics concepts such as simple harmonic motion, progressive waves, standing waves, resonance, and damping. Key points include: - Simple harmonic motion is an oscillatory motion where acceleration is proportional to displacement from a fixed point and directed toward that point. - Progressive waves transfer energy as a result of particle oscillations/vibrations, while standing waves do not transfer energy along the wave. - Resonance occurs when an impressed frequency equals the natural frequency of vibration, and should be avoided in situations where it could cause excessive vibration. - Damping is the reduction of amplitude due to friction or loss of energy from the system.

    Original Description:

    Physics A level Chapter 4

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document contains information about oscillations, waves, and physics concepts such as simple harmonic motion, progressive waves, standing waves, resonance, and damping. Key points include: - Simple harmonic motion is an oscillatory motion where acceleration is proportional to displacement from a fixed point and directed toward that point. - Progressive waves transfer energy as a result of particle oscillations/vibrations, while standing waves do not transfer energy along the wave. - Resonance occurs when an impressed frequency equals the natural frequency of vibration, and should be avoided in situations where it could cause excessive vibration. - Damping is the reduction of amplitude due to friction or loss of energy from the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    36 views4 pages

    4 Oscillations and Waves

    Uploaded by

    Abbas Haider
    This document contains information about oscillations, waves, and physics concepts such as simple harmonic motion, progressive waves, standing waves, resonance, and damping. Key points include: - Simple harmonic motion is an oscillatory motion where acceleration is proportional to displacement from a fixed point and directed toward that point. - Progressive waves transfer energy as a result of particle oscillations/vibrations, while standing waves do not transfer energy along the wave. - Resonance occurs when an impressed frequency equals the natural frequency of vibration, and should be avoided in situations where it could cause excessive vibration. - Damping is the reduction of amplitude due to friction or loss of energy from the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    2012

    IV Oscillations and waves | y

    CIE

    AS & A LEVEL PHYSICS

    14. Oscillations
    15. Waves
    16. Superposition
    Simple Harmonic Motion is an oscillatory motion in which acceleration is always
    proportional to its displacement from a fixed point, and is directed towards that
    point.
    See Q:3 of June:2003
    Candidates should realise that both a sine wave and a cosine wave are sinusoidal.
    State the effect, if any, on the appearance of the fringes observed on the
    screen when the following changes are made, separately, to the doubleslit arrangement.
    -the width of each slit is increased but the separation remains constant.
    same separation
    bright areas brighter
    dark areas, no change
    fewer fringes observed
    -the separation of the slits is increased.
    smaller separation of fringes
    no change in brightness
    Progressive wave:
    frequency:
    number of oscillations per unit time M1
    of the source / of a point on the wave A1 [2]
    speed:
    speed at which energy is transferred / speed of wavefront
    Standing wave:
    does not transfer energy (along the wave)
    position (along wave) where amplitude of vibration is a maximum is called
    the anti node.
    once we get
    stress = force / area so area = force / stress
    area = (1.9 103) / (9.5 108)
    = 2.0 106 m2

    now this is the minimum area the rod should have, so that it does not break.(lesser
    shall it be, the rod would break.) and this can only be such when the area of bubble
    is its maximum.
    (max) area of cross-section = (3.2 2.0) 106
    = 1.2 10^6
    when bubble has 1.2 x 10^-6, rod has 2 x 10^-6, a total of 3.2 x 10^-6 n07 q4c

    coherent = constant phase difference


    Progressive wave = transfer of energy as a result of oscillations/ vibrations of a
    particles.
    N09#1 Q:5c for diffraction and interference
    State what is meant by resonance.
    1. large / maximum amplitude of
    vibration .............................................................. B1
    2. when impressed frequency equals natural frequency of
    vibration ...................... B1
    State and briefly explain a situation in which resonance should be
    avoided.
    1. e.g. metal panels on machinery vibrate / oscillate ...........................................
    (M1)
    motor in machine impresses frequency on panel ......................................(A1)
    2. e.g. car suspension system vibrates / oscillates.................................................
    (M1)
    going over bumps would give large amplitude vibrations .............................
    (A1)
    Damping:
    1. either loss of energy (from the system) or amplitude decreases or additional
    force acting (on the mass)
    2. either continuous/gradual loss or force always opposing motion
    it is the reduction in amplitude due to friction.
    Resonance:
    Harmful:
    The operation of the engine of a vehicle causes a periodic force on the parts of the
    vehicle, which can cause them to resonate. For example, at particular frequencies of
    rotation of the engine, the mirrors may resonate. To prevent excessive vibration, the
    mountings of the mirrors provide damping.

    Useful:
    Musical instruments rely on resonance to amplify the sound produced.The sound
    from a tuning fork is louder when it is held over a tube of just the right length, so
    that the column of air resonates.
    Radianangle (subtended) at centre of circle (by) arc equal in length to radius
    Oscillations:
    to-and-fro / backward and forward motion (between two limits)
    Free oscillations:
    no energy loss or gain / no external force acting / constant energy / constant
    amplitude
    Potential energy of the body:
    ability to do work as a result of the position/shape, etc. of an object
    Speed of the stationary wave
    wave is reflected at end / at
    P ............................................................................ B1
    either incident and reflected waves interfere
    or two waves travelling in opposite directions interfere
    ................................M1
    speed is the speed of incident or reflected wave / one of these
    waves .............. A1
    Features of a stationary wave that distinguishes it from a progressive wave:

    no energy transfer
    amplitude varies along its length/nodes and antinodes
    neighbouring points (in inter-nodal loop) vibrate in phase

    You might also like