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    Thin Walled Pressure Vessels

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    BillyIlustrisimo
    1. Thin-walled pressure vessels like tanks and pipes are subjected to tangential and longitudinal stresses when pressurized internally. 2. The tangential (bursting) stress is twice the longitudinal (axial) stress. If a vessel bursts, it will split along a longitudinal line. 3. For spherical shells, the stress at the wall depends on the internal pressure, diameter, and thickness. Sample problems demonstrate how to calculate stresses and determine maximum pressures or thicknesses given stress limits.

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    Thin Walled Pressure Vessels

    Uploaded by

    BillyIlustrisimo
    606 views4 pages
    1. Thin-walled pressure vessels like tanks and pipes are subjected to tangential and longitudinal stresses when pressurized internally. 2. The tangential (bursting) stress is twice the longitudinal (axial) stress. If a vessel bursts, it will split along a longitudinal line. 3. For spherical shells, the stress at the wall depends on the internal pressure, diameter, and thickness. Sample problems demonstrate how to calculate stresses and determine maximum pressures or thicknesses given stress limits.

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    1. Thin-walled pressure vessels like tanks and pipes are subjected to tangential and longitudinal stresses when pressurized internally. 2. The tangential (bursting) stress is twice the longitudinal (axial) stress. If a vessel bursts, it will split along a longitudinal line. 3. For spherical shells, the stress at the wall depends on the internal pressure, diameter, and thickness. Sample problems demonstrate how to calculate stresses and determine maximum pressures or thicknesses given stress limits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    606 views4 pages

    Thin Walled Pressure Vessels

    Uploaded by

    BillyIlustrisimo
    1. Thin-walled pressure vessels like tanks and pipes are subjected to tangential and longitudinal stresses when pressurized internally. 2. The tangential (bursting) stress is twice the longitudinal (axial) stress. If a vessel bursts, it will split along a longitudinal line. 3. For spherical shells, the stress at the wall depends on the internal pressure, diameter, and thickness. Sample problems demonstrate how to calculate stresses and determine maximum pressures or thicknesses given stress limits.

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    Strength of Materials

    Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels


    A tank or pipe carrying a fluid or gas under a pressure is subjected to tensile forces,
    which resist bursting, developed across longitudinal and transverse sections.
    TANGENTIAL STRESS (Bursting Stress), t
    Consider the tank shown being subjected to an internal pressure (p). The length of the
    tank is L and the wall thickness is t. Isolating the right half of the tank:

    If there exist an external pressure (po) and an internal pressure (pi), the formula may
    be expressed as:

    LONGITUDINAL STRESS, (Axial Stress), (l)


    Consider the free body diagram in the transverse section of the tank:

    The total force acting at the rear of the tank F must equal to the total longitudinal stress
    on the wall PT = L Awall. Since t is so small compared to D, the area of the wall is close to

    Dt
    If there exist an external pressure (po) and an internal pressure (pi), the formula may
    be expressed as:

    It can be observed that the tangential stress is twice that of the longitudinal stress. It
    follows that if the pressure in a cylinder is raised in a bursting point, the vessel will split
    along a longitudinal line. When the cylindrical tank is manufactured from a curved sheet that is
    riveted together, the strength of the longitudinal joints should be twice the strength of the
    girth joints.
    t = 2 l

    SPHERICAL SHELL
    If a spherical tank of diameter D and thickness t contains gas under a pressure of p, the
    stress at the wall can be expressed as:

    SAMPLE PROBLEM:
    1. A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm, is
    subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m 2. (a) Calculate the tangential and
    longitudinal stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the internal pressure be increased
    if the stress in the steel is limited to 120 MN/m2? (c) If the internal pressure were
    increased until the vessel burst, sketch the type of fracture that would occur.

    QUIZ # 5 (Take Home)


    1.A water tank, 22 ft in diameter, is made from steel plates that are in. thick. Find the
    maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress is limited to 6000
    psi. The specific weight of water is 62.4 lb/ft3. Note: review fluid mechanics- total hydrostatic
    force topic.
    2. A cylindrical container of 2 ft inner diameter is pressured internally to 1400 psi. Given that the
    working stress is 12 ksi, find the smallest allowable thickness of cylinder wall.
    3. A pipe carrying steam at 3.5 MPa has an outside diameter of 450 mm and a wall thickness of
    10 mm. A gasket is inserted between the flange at one end of the pipe and a flat plate used to cap
    the end. How many 40-mm-diameter bolts must be used to hold the cap on if the allowable stress
    in the bolts is 80 MPa, of which 55 MPa is the initial stress? What circumferential stress is
    developed in the pipe? Why it necessary to tighten the bolt initially and what is will happen if the
    steam pressure should cause the stress in the bolts to be twice the value of the initial stress?
    4. The hydraulic cylinder has a 12 in inner diameter and a 0.25 in. wall thickness. The left end of
    the cylinder is attached toa arigid wall, whereas the right end is open. Determine the longitudinal
    and tangential stress in the wall of the cylinder when the 10 kip force is applied to the piston.
    5. A cylinder steel pressure vessel has a 600 mm inner radius and 10 mm thick walls. Find the
    change in the inner radius when the vessel is pressurized to 1.5 MPa.Use E = 200 GPa and
    poisson ratio = 0.3 for steel.

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