NAFI Datafile SP1 (1989) - Timber Specifications

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TllililE.lF<3 SPECHFHCATHDNS
Contents
Page
Introduction
Using This Datafile
Terminology
Specifying On Drawings
One Line Specification
Notes on Drawings
Standards And Quality Assurance
Guide Specification
Modifications to NATSPECWoodwork
(Continued)
Additions to NATSPECWoodwork
Plywood Identification
Nailplated Joined Beams
Laminated Veneer Lumber
Scrimber
Marine Superstructures
Portal Framed Structures
Deck Finishing
Fire Rated Floor Systems
Sound Rated Floor System
FloorsCommercial and Industrial
DecksCommercial, Industrial and
Marine
Wall Sarking
Pre-Nailed Frames
36
36
Bracing Walls
86
36
37
37
37
38
39
39
39
E/|Z?:rri::S
Panel and Sheet Products
Workmanship
Structure
Pom Structures
2
11
12
13
15
Fire-Rated Wall System

Sound Rated Wall System
Plywood Cladding
Shearwalls and Diaphragms
Puilms and Girts
Ceiling Diaphragms
Fire Rated Ceiling System
Glued Laminated Bench Tops
Q6
Additions to NATSPECPi|ing
40
Sheeting and Lining Applications

Roofs, Ceilings
Joint Insertions
22
24
27
Timber Land Piling System

Timber Marine Piling System
40
43
COVER PHOTO: Successful specifications

are based on informed decision making at
the design stage
NAFI AUGUST 1989

ISBN 1 86346 O17 9
ISBN 1 86346 O21 7 (Set No.)
The information, opinions, advice and recommendations contained in this Datafil_e have bee_n prepared with due care. They
are offered only for the purpose of providing useful information to assist those interested in technical matters associated
with the s P ecification and use of timber and timber products.
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that this Datafile is in accordance with current technology, it is not intended
as an exhaustive statement of all relevant data, and as successful design and_construction depends upon numerous factors
outside the scope of this Datafile, the National Association of Forest Industries Ltd accepts no fE_Sp0f'|Slb||llK_f0l errors in,
or omissions from, the Datafile, nor for specifications or work done or omitted to be done in reliance on t is Datafile.
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ifii
TUIMIEFS SlP>E@llFll@ATHNS
Introduction
Terminology
This datafile provides guidance to professional

designers on the specification of timber products
and systems for a wide range of applications.
All timber specifications tend to use general

building terminology and specific timber industry
terminology. Most Australian Standards relating to
timber provide relevant definitions. Apart from the
timber terminology given in these Standards, one
reference which defines much of the terminology
used by the timber industry is A DICTIONARY OF
TIMBER TERMS AND OTHER INFORMATION by
Australian Forest Industries Journal.
Specifications which describe the timber elements

within a structure are generally no different from
that of other building materials, except that
designers are generally less familiar with timber.
The reason for this is the multitude of timber
products and systems, the range of timber species
which are available and the varied applications for
which timber can be used.
Whether the specification describes a 50 m span
curved glued laminated timber roof over an indoor
swimming pool or a simple stud in a house frame,
the correct specification will lead to the most
efficient use of labour and materials.
invariably, quality timber structures are a direct
result of a carefully prepared timber specification
which defines clearly the quality of timber products
and systems, responsibilities and workmanship.
Using This Datafile

It is generally accepted that a specification only
contains information which cannot appropriately
be indicated on a drawing. For this reason, this
datafile providesguidance on specifying timber
products and systems both on drawings and in
a formal written specification.
Designers may use this datafile either to review
their current timber specification or use it as a
guide when preparing a specification for a
particular project or describing a particular timber
product on drawings. Other datafiles in this series
provide checklists which may be used as a guide
when deciding which specification clauses should
be used for a specific timber application.
This datafile is intended as a guide only, as it is
the responsibility of the specifier to decide on the
quality of materials and workmanship appropriate
to the project and to select the relevant clauses,
making alterations and additions considered
necessary.
The other factor which affects the terminology

adopted by a specifier is the regional differences
which exist throughout Australia. Further
information on terminology is available from the
Timber Advisory Services scheduled on the back
page of this datafile.
Specifying on Drawings
Where a project has minimal timber content or is
of a relatively small scale, the complete
specifications for timber can be included on the
drawings. The primary advantage in specifying
timber on drawings is that the builder or carpenter
has only one document to refer to during
construction.
There are two methods of specifying timber on
drawings. These are the abbreviated one Iine"
method, e.g., 122 x 19 T & G Hardwood
Chamferboard or the "notes" method where a
semi-formal specification is placed on the drawing
as a block of text. Although they are discussed
separately below, the methods are often used in
combination.
NOTE: Ensure there is no conflict between
information included on drawings and that in the
specification; e.g., timber sizes should be shown
on drawings and not repeated in specifications
unless a comprehensive cross check is made.
One Line Specification

A one line timber specification can be made up
of a series of abbreviated words and numbers,
each of which describes a particular characteristic
of the timber element. These words are usually
accompanied by an arrow which points to the
relevant element within the structure. Refer Figure
1. Some characteristics of timber which can be
shown in this form of specification are shown in
Table 1.
THMBEIR SPECIIFHC/ATINS
100 x 38 mm F14 HWD top rail

screwed to posts and edges arrised
T
90 x 45 mm F14 HWD DAR with top edges
arrlsed. Screw fixed to support frame
100 x 100 mm F14 HWD posts
@ 1200 mm crs.
400
Q
Q1
A\\ .\\\ 7/In i\\\\
10 mm Q HDG cup head bolt______).=_=

75 x 50 mm F14 HWD nagging
@ 1200 mm crs
75 x 50 mm F14 HWD support

framing secured with 10 mm
HDG cup head bolts
100 x 100 mm F14 HWD supports
skew nailed to decking
"' ,-,. .- //4, .-
B8 x 19 mm select HWD decking

mm ,\\. _-/, mm ,
+
12 mm Q HDG cup head bolt 4% g 125 x 75 mm F14 HWD bearer
Post fixed to 50 x 6 mm HDG
(A steel --w" bracket with 2/12 mm if

nos bolts
1///i\\f/\\\:%'
.2 _ s/4. i//
NOTE: All screw fixings to be No. 10 Type 17 H.D.G. 75 mm. Mo screws per point.
FIGURE 1
TABLE 1
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION ON DRAWINGS
ONE LINE SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES
Characteristic
Examples of Key Words
Application/Product
Cladding, flooring, rafters, beam, joist, hand rail, etc.
Size
Width (mm) x Thickness (mm) x (Length) (mm or m). Length is

usually not given, e.g. 75 >< 50, 82 x 19
Species or Species Group
Douglas Fir (Oregon), Hardwood (Hwd), Spotted Gum 1

Radiata Pine, etc.
Surface Finish
Sawn, dressed, sized, gauged, D.A.R., reeded finish,
Profile
Tongue and Grooved (T & G), End Matched (E.M.),

Shot Edge (S.E.)
Moisture Content
Seasoned, Unseasoned
Treatment
Treated, Untreated, H1, H2, H3, H4, etc.
Durability Class
Durability Class 1, 2, 3, etc.
Structural Grade
F14, F8, F7, F5, etc.
Appearance Grade
Clear, Select, Utility, Standard, etc.
Special Features
e.g., density between 600 kg/m3 and 700 kg/m3.
Fixings
Fixed with 2/75 x 3.15 mm diameter galvanised nails
Fabrication details
To specific requirements
Finishing Details
One flood coat W.R.P
GIC.
TIMER SPECUFUCATIIONS
The inclusion of a particular specification on a
drawing will depend on the specifiers knowledge
of timber product's availability in a particular
region. Many timber producers have default
specifications which apply. For instance, the nonconditional specification of hwd" in a place like
Rockhampton would normally result in mixed
Guide Specification
Class 2 or better while in Melbourne it would result

in "mixed hardwood", unseasoned F8, sawn,
Durability Class 4 or better timber being supplied.
Knowledge of local timber availability and
terminology can minimise the specification details
required, but it is recommended that the required
characteristics be specified; e.g. stress grade, size,
durability class, sawn or dressed, as appropriate
to the application.
The text contained

categories:
Notes on Drawings
This specification method uses a block of text
which contains a number of points, which may
relate to one particular drawing or a series of
drawings. In general, the notes usually cover the
following:
It is the intention of the NATSPEC authors to revise

215PiIing, 270Woodwork and other possible
Sections to reflect the changes which are
contained in this datafile. It is stressed that this
hardwood", unseasoned, F14, sawn, Durability
v
0
~
'
v
v
timber product or system specifications

erection or fabrication requirements
workmanship
fixings
finishing
maintenance
The notes which describe the product or system

generally cover the requirements which are not
included in the one line specification on the
drawings. However, in addition to these points, the
notes may also contain:
~ a table of suitable species

'
~
~
~
a schedule of timber sizes

relevant Australian Standards
reference to timber legislation, e.g., TUMA, Old.
specific details for particular timber elements or
the structure as a whole
~ joint details
Standards and Quality

Assurance
Datafile SP2, TIMBER STANDARDS AND
QUALITY ASSURANCE provides a comprehensive
list and brief guide notes on Australian Standards
pertinent to timber and includes other relevant
Industry Standards. These Industry Standards
usually apply where no current applicable
Australian Standard is available.
Detailed information of the Quality Assurance
programmes for timber and timber products is also
included in that Datafile.
All other Datafiles should also be referenced for
detailed information on the performance,
application and specification of timber and timber
products.
It is intended that this Datafile be used in

conjunction with NATSPEC (National Building
Industry Specification).
herein falls
MODIFICATIONS
WOODWORK
TO
into three
NATSPEC
ADDITIONS TO NATSPEC WOODWORK

ADDITIONS TO NATSPEC PILING
is an interim document to be used until the new
Sections are released by NATSPEC.

In general, this Master specification is a
combination descriptivereference specification.
References are generally made to Australian
Standards. Where no standard exists or the
standard is inadequate, a descriptive specification
is provided. Performance specifications have not

been included. Guide notes are provided to assist
specifiers in selecting alternatives and give
references to external source information.
Other Sections of NATSPEC also include
references appropriate to the specification of
timber and timber products in building
construction. These include:
Q Chemical termite barriers:
Section 210, Groundworks
Subsection 149, Protection
~ Timber Piles:
Section 215, Piling
Subsection 215, Piling Systems
~ Formwork:
Section 220, Concrete Subsection O81,
Formwork
~ Metal Fasteners:
Section 260, Metalwork
Subsection 300, Structural Members
Subsection 500, Finishes
' Parquetry:
Section 430, Paving
Subsection 556, Parquetry
Shingles and Shakes:
Section 450, Roofing Subsection 134, Tiles,
Shingles, Slates
' Timber Doors:
Section 464, Doors
Subsection 360, Door Frames
Subsection 464, Door Assemblies
Subsection 999, Door Schedules
0 Timber Finishes:
Section 570, Painting
5
Modifications to NATSPEC Woodwork

U
THE FOLLOWING SUBSECTIONS AND/OR CLAUSES ARE PRESENTLY IN

SECTION 270 WOODWORK OF NATSPEC
THESE ARE RECOMMENDED MODIFICATIONS AND/OR CORRECTIONS
SUBSECTION 001 GENERAL
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
[REFERENCED DOCUMENTS:
If additional clauses referencing
Australian or other standards are
added to this Section of the
Specification, list the additional
standards here. Delete standards
which are not referred to in the project
specification.]
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: The following standards are referred to in this

Section1
[Refer NAFI Timber Datafile SP2,

TIMBER STANDARDS AND QUALITY
ASSURANCE.
Standards
are
referenced here without date of
publication. This implies that the most
recent edition is applicable.]
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS CA31
AS CA39
AS K130
AS 1080
1111
1148
1214
1237
1261
1262
1326
AS 1328
AS 1366
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
1393
1428
1476
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1530
1540
1599
1604
1605
AS 1606
AS
AS
AS
AS
1607
1650
1684
1694
AS 1720
AS 1728
AS 1734
AS 1748
AS 1749
AS 1782
AS 1783
AS 1784
AS 1785
AS 1786
AS 1787
Code oi Recommended Practice for the laying of parquetry flooring

Code of Recommended Practice for the sanding of interior wood
floors
Decorative thermosetting laminated sheet
Methods of test for timber
Part 1 A Moisture content
ISO Metric hexagon commercial bolts and screws
Nomenclature of commercial timbers imported into Australia
Hot dipped galvanised coatings on threaded fasteners
Flat metal washers for General Engineering Purposes
Wood mosaic parquet
Code of Practice for installation of wood mosaic parquet flooring
Polyethylene (polythene) film for packaging and allied purposes
(metric units)
Glued laminated structural timber
Rigid cellular plastic sheets for thermal insulation
Part 3 Rigid cellular polystyrene
Coach screws (metric series) (with ISO hexagon heads)
Code of Practice for design rules for access by the disabled
Metric wood screws
Flooring milled from radiata pine
Shelving and dressed boards milled from radiata pine
Lining and panelling boards milled from radiata pine
Preservative treated radiata pine cladding
Preservative treated radiata pine fascia boards and barge boards
Milled radiata pine for joinery
Mouldings milled from radiata pine
Methods for tire tests on Building Materials and Structures
Timber frames and sashes for windows (metric units)
Pressure sensitive adhesive packaging tapes
Preservative treatment for sawn timber, veneer and plywood
Methods for the sampling and analysis of wood preservatives and
preservative treated wood
Code of Practice for water-repellent treatment of timber, joinery and
other timber products
Water-repellent treatment of timber, joinery and other timber products
Galvanised coatings
SAA Timber Framing Code
Code of Practice for physical barriers used in the protection of
buildings against subterranean termites (metric units)
SAA Timber Structures Code
Types of timber surfaces
Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy flat sheet, coiled sheet and
plate for general engineering purposes
Mechanically stress-graded timber
Rules for mechanical stress grading of timber
Flooring milled from Australian-grown conifers (softwoods) (excluding
radiata pine and cypress pine)
Lining boards milled from Australian-grown conifers (softwoods)
(excluding radiata pine and cypress pine)
Preservative-treated cladding (weatherboards and chamferboards)
milled from Australian-grown conifers (softwoods) (excluding radiata
pine and cypress pine)
Mouldings milled from Australian-grown conifers (softwoods)
Joinery timber milled from Australian-grown conifers (softwoods)
Preservative-treated fascia boards and barge boards milled from
Australian-grown conifers (softwoods) (excluding radiata pine and
cypress pine)
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
1804
1810
1859
1860
1884
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
1903
1904
1909
1924
1926
2082
2131
Soft lead sheet and strip

Flooring milled from cypress pine
Flat pressed particleboard
Code of Practice for installation of particleboard flooring
Floor coveringsresilient sheet and tiles - laying and maintenance
practices
Reflective foil laminate
Code of Practice for installation of reflective foil laminate in buildings
Installation of timber doorsets
Playground equipment for parks, schools and domestic use
Fences and gates for private swimming pools
Visually stress-graded hardwood for structural purposes
Adhesives for bonding decorative thermoset laminates (contact
adhesives)
AS 2146
AS 2147
AS 2155
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
BS
2159
2209
2269
2270
2271
2272
2289
2329
2334
2370
2440
2458
2459
2461
2543
2689
2699
2796
2858
2870
2904
3566
O1
O70
O82
O84
O91
O93
O94
4106
Performance of timber window assemblies

Code of Practice for the installation of timber windows in buildings
PlaygroundsGuide to siting and to installation and maintenance of
equipment
Rules for the design and installation of piles
Timber poles for overhead lines
Structural plywood
Plywood and blockboard for interior use
Plywood and blockboard for exterior use
Marine plywood
Glossary of terms used in the plywood industry
Mastic adhesives for fixing wallboards
Steel nailsmetric series
PVAC emulsion adhesives for wood

Sawn Douglas fir (Oregon) and sawn western hemlock (Canada pine)
Hardboard
Organic fibre insulating board
Mineral wood thermal insulationloose fill
Nomenclature of Australian timbers
Timber doorsets
Wall ties for masonry construction
Timberseasoned hardwoodmilled products
TimberSoftwoodVisually stress graded for structural purposes
Residential Slabs and Footings
Damp Proof Courses and Flashings
ScrewsSelf drillingFor the building and construction industries
Glossary of terms used in timber standards
Sawn house stumps, sole plates. fence posts and struts
Sawn Eastern Australian hardwoods
Sawn Australian Rainforest timber
Unseasoned cypress pine boards
Unseasoned cypress pine milled weatherboards (chamferboards)
Unseasoned cypress pine milled lining
Specification for Building Paper (breather type)
U.S. Industry Standard AFGO1 Structural Elastomeric Glues

RPRI industry Standard 102-1982 Guide Specification for the Manufacture, On~Site
Handling, Erection, Surface Coating and Maintenance of Structural Glue
Laminated Radiata Pine Components.
RPRI industry Standard 103-1982 Specification for Machine Graded Radiata Pine
RPRI industry Standard 104-1982 Code of Practice for the Machine Proof Grading
of Radiata Pine.
TPAA Standard 1579 Light Organic Solvent Preservative Treatment of Timber by
Vacuum/Pressure Methods.
TPAA Standard 1784 Preservative Treated Hardwood and Softwood Foundation
Piling.
APRI industry Standard for High Moisture Resistant (HMR) PARTICLE BOARD.
TAS~G4 (1985) Appearance Graded Western Australian Hardwood for Furniture
Use. F.P.A. (W.A.)
Industry Specification (May 1983) Manufacturing Requirements and Quality Control
Procedures for Finger Jointed Victorian Hardwood Wall Framing Material T.P.C.
(Vic.)
Interim Code of Practice for Proof Graded Timber. TRADAC (Qld.)

Interim SpecificationGrading Rules for Cypress Milled Products TRADAC (Old).
lNSPECT|0NWOODWORK
INSPECTION
[NOTlCE:
required.]
Add
other
items
as
NOTICE: Give sufficient notice so that the following may be inspected:
items fabricated off site before priming or water-repellent treatment

prefabricated wall frames
prefabricated trusses
erected structural timber work
bolts after final tightening
[MINIMUM NOTICE REQUIRED; If

desired, state a period,
e.g. two days" or deIete.]
MINIMUM NOTICE REQUIRED: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
TIMBER IDENTIFICATION
TIMBER IDENTIFICATION WOODWORK
[REQUIREMENT Identification may be

required for species, stress grade,
treatment level, etc.]
REQUIREMENT: All Timber shall be identified by Certification, Branding or

Inspection, Unidentified timber may be rejected. Structural timber shall be
branded.
CERTIFICATION: Obtain from the supplier, and produce on demand written
certification (which may be included on an invoice or delivery docket) that the
timber complies with the contract requirements.
[BRANDlNG: Branding is provided for

in certain standards, e.g. AS 2082 and
AS 2858, and is required by some
government organisations and is
compulsory in some States. For major
works, and/or critical members,
branding should be mandatory. For
decorative exposed members, written
certification may be preferred.
BRANDING: The brand shall identify the grade and source of grading. Brands
used on structural timber shall identify the stress grade ("F" Rating), the method
of grading, the word "seasoned" or letter s" (if seasoned), the source of
grading and the trademark of a recognised Timber Quality Assurance Programme.
[INSPECTION: Forestry Departments

in each state usually offer timber
inspection services. Advice can also
be sought from Timber Advisory
Services]
INSPECTION: Where branding or certification are not adopted, an independent

inspecting authority shall be engaged to certify the timber used in the works
complies with the specification. The inspecting authority's charges shall be borne
by the contractor.
PRESEFIVATIVE TREATMENT
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENTWOODWORK
[Provision is made in TIMBER

TREATMENT
SCHEDULE
WOODWORK for specifying the items

to be treated with preservative or water
repellent, and the types of treatment.
Refer also to NAFI Timber Datafile P4,
TIMBERDESlGN FOR DURABILITY.]
[PRESSURE TREATMENT: The

AS 1604 options are branding,
certifying, or sampling and testing, but
regulations in New South Wales and
Queensland override. When specifying
a particular application (see Schedule)
state the required hazard number; see
AS 1604, Tables 2 and 3 and clause
1.2.7. Preservative treatment applies
principally to sapwood; adequate
pentration of heartwood is not possible
for most species]
PRESSURE TREATMENT: To AS 1604 or Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act

(Qld.), Timber Marketing Act (NSW). If preservative treatment of timber is specified
or required by law, either mark the timber with the relevant H brand, or if
acceptable, provide a certificate of treatment.
SUBSECTION 120 MATERIALS
TIMBER QUALITY
TIMBER QUALITYWOODWORK
[REQUlREMENT: Recognised Timber

Quality Assurance Programmes for
structural timber are scheduled in
NAFI Timber Datafile SP2, TIMBER
REQUIREMENT: Unless otherwise specified, use timbers suited to their intended

purpose which have been graded to the relevant Australian Standard. Structural
timber shall be graded under the authority of a recognised Timber Quality
Assurance Programme.
STANDARDS
ASSURANCE.
AND
QUALITY
SEASONED TIMBER (Previously

called Seasoning in Natspec.)
SEASONED TIMBERWOODWOFlK
[REQUIREMENT: Some dressed large

timber sections may be unseasonecl.
If these are to be used, the
specification must make appropriate
al|owance.]
REQUIREMENT: Make milled or dressed products from timbers within 3% of the

equilibrium moisture content (EMC) appropriate to the timber and its intended
conditions of use, and unless otherwise specified not greater than 15/o nor less
than 10%, with no more than 3% difference between any two pieces in any one
group. Submit evidence of moisture content if requested:
To AS 1080 Part 1.
TIMBER GRADES
TIMBER GRADESWOODWORK
[STANDARDS: The nomenclature of

timber grades varies from standard to
standard. Structural timber grades are
based on stress grading (visual or
mechanical) and therefore correspond
to a stress grade Fx where x is the
rounded basic working stress in
bending in MPa. Each standard also
provides supplementary grades for
particular purposes such as studs,
Iintels, appearance, etc. There are thus
a range of options from which a choice
must be made if a standard is quoted
in the specification.]
STANDARDS: Grades shall be as defined in Australian Standards where

applicable, and unless otherwise specified shall be those normally used in the
type of work for which the timber is intended.
[STRESS GRADES; Specifying a stress

grade (F) for structural timber
determines the stress grade of the
species in accordance with the
appropriate standard.
VISUAL STRESS GRADING: To AS 2858 (softwood) or AS 2082 (hardwood) as

appropriate.
[DRESSED TIMBERS: Non - structural

timber grades (for flooring, cladding.
milled products) are defined in terms
of permissible imperfections. Some
standards define one grade only. but
others define 2 or more, from which
a choice must be made, as before, if
the standard is quoted. If grades other
than those specified are required,
consult the notes to the following
clauses for information on standards
which allow choice of grade.]
DRESSED TIMBERS: Where the relevant Australian Standard specifies more than
one grade, the grade shall be as follows, unless otherwise specified:
[DRESSED SURFACE FINISH: For
DRESSED SURFACE FINISH: Classes to AS 1728, corresponding to grades as in

AS 2796 Clause 1.10 and Table A1.
sanded finishes, see TIMBER

SURFACESWOODWORK.]
TIMBER SPECIES GROUPS
STRUCTURAL TIMBERS: Stress grade, stud grade and lintel grade where
appropriate. Appearance grade if exposed to view in the finished work.
MECHANICAL STRESS GRADING: To AS 1748 and AS 1749.

PROOF GRADING:
- Cypress and Queensland Pine: To Interim Code of Practice for Proof Graded
Timber. TRADAC (Qld.)
- Radiata Pine: To RPRI Industry Standard for the Machine Proof Grading of
Radiata Pine.
Timbers For Transparent Finishes: The highest commercially available grade in the
standard.
Timbers For Opaque Finishes: Hardwoodselect grade to AS 2796. Softwood
- standard grade if more than one grade specified in appropriate Australian
Standard.
TIMBER SPECIES GROUPSWOODWORK
[Standardsz Standards which allow

choice of grades for milled or dressed
products are noted below. Standards
not noted describe one grade only.]
[HARDWOODS: AS 2796 offers Clear,
Select, Standard and Utility grades.]
HARDWOODS:
Structural, Visually Stress Graded: To AS 2082.
Milled Products: To AS 2796.
isomwoops (CONIFERS):]
SOFTWOODS (CONIFERS):
~ Structural, Visually Stress Graded: To AS 2858
- Machine Stress Graded to AS 1748-1749
- Proof graded to Industry Standards shown in TIMBER GRADES
WOODWORK.
Milled Products:
[Australian grown: AS 1783: select or

standard grade. AS 1786: clear,
standard or utility grade.]
Australian Grown Softwood: To AS 1782 AS 1787 as appropriate:

- Preservative Treated Cladding: To AS 1784
[Radiata pine: AS 1494AS 1496:

select or standard grade.]
Radiata Pine: To AS 1492AS 1498 as appropriate:

- Preservative Treated Cladding: To AS 1494
[Cypress pine: one grade.]
Cypress Pine: To Industry Standardlnterim Code of Practice - OTB Cypress

Division or AS 1810 for flooring.
[DOUGLAS FIR (OREGON) AND

WESTERN HEMLOCK (CANADA
PINE): Select dressing or dressing
grade.]
DOUGLAS FIR (OREGON) AND WESTERN HEMLOCK (CANADA PINE): For

dressing purposes: To AS 2440.
[WESTERN RED CEDAR: As there is

no relevant standard for dressed
Western red cedar, use AS 2440.]
WESTERN RED CEDAR: For dressing purposes: To AS 2440.
DURABILITY AND PRESERVATION

(Previously called Durability
Class" in NATSPEC.)
07
[NATURAL DURABILITY: Natural

Durability class (heartwood only)
system adopted by Australian
Standards is based on CSIRO
classifications Class 1 (most durable)
to Class 4 (least durable). State
regulations may override for specific
applications.
DURABILITY AND PRESERVATIONWOODWORK
NATURAL DURABILITY: Unless otherwise specified, timber durability class to be

appropriate to end use.
Class 1For timbers in contact with the ground.
Class 2 and 1For timbers above ground, not in continuous contact with
moisture, well ventilated, protected from moisture but exposed to the weather.
Class 3, Class 2 and Class 1For timber above ground, not in continuous contact
with moisture, well ventilated, protected with a finish and well maintained.
Class 4, Class 3, Class 2 and Class 1For timber fully protected from moisture,
indoors, above ground and well ventilated.
Natural durability class must also be

considered in conjunction with
preservative treatment (where
specified), e.g., Class 4 plantation
softwoods treated to H5 level are
suitable for in-ground contact.
Timber suitability for specific

applications is dependant upon natural
durability and/or preservative
treatment level. Hazard Classifications
"H levels," for specific end use
conditions provide a means of
specification to cater for a range of
appropriate combinations. See also
NAFI Timber Datafile P4, TIMBER DESIGN FOR DURABILITY for
detailed information.]
[HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS; At
present, Queensland and NSW have
their own Act and all other States and
Territories use AS 1604. Select Act or
Standard appropriate to the project
location.]
HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS: Hazard levels and natural durability classes to

Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act (Old), Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or
AS 1604 as appropriate to end use:
H1Fully protected indoors;
H2Termite hazard only;
H3Above ground, well ventilated but weather exposed;
H4ln ground non critical members or above ground moist applications;
H5ln ground, fresh water contact
H6Marine, estuary tidal water contact.
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Treatment, natural durability classes and
combinations thereof to AS 1604 or relevant State legislation as above, appropriate
to end use.
DIMENSIONS
08
DlMENSIONSWOODWOFIK
TOLERANCES: Negative tolerances

for sawing are provided in standards
for unseasoned timbers (hardwoods
and cypress) and for Douglas Fir
(Oregon) and Hemlock. Positive
tolerances only are provided for
seasoned timbers (Australian grown
softwoods other than cypress).
TOLERANCES: Unless otherwise specified, the actual cross-sectional dimensions

of timber may vary from the dimensions stated herein or on the drawings by the
tolerances (if any) permitted in the relevant Australian Standards.
Framing Timbers: Tables in the

Supplements to AS 1684 and State
framing manuals permit these general
tolerances on stated sizes:
Framing Timbers: To AS 1684 or as specified on Drawings.

Gauged or Sized Timber: Tolerance +2 mm -0.
- unseasoned timber up to F7: -4 mm;

- unseasoned hardwood: -3 mm;
Seasoned Sizes: Tolerances: Tables in
Supplements to AS 1684 and State
framing manuals do not permit a
negative tolerance on stated sizes of
seasoned timbers.
10
Seasoned Sizes: The actual sizes of timbers specified to be seasoned shall be not
less than the stated sizes, except for tolerances permitted in relevant Australian
Standards.
Finished Sizes: The specification of

finished sizes provides only positive
tolerances. Nevertheless, to avoid all
Finished Sizes: The actual dimensions of structural, dressed or milled timbers

shall be not less than the stated dimensions, except for stated dimensions
qualified by a term such as nominaI" or out of" or equivalent, to which a
machining tolerance of -3 mm maximum per dressed face shall apply.
possible ambiguity, it is recommended
that stated sizes for dressed timbers

be qualified always by either
"(finished)" or "(nominal)" as the case
may be. Both methods of specifying

sizes are still current in the timber
industry. However it is preferable to
specify finished sizes, as machining
tolerances vary with size and species.
Industry standard finished sizes should
be specified where possible.
SUBSECTION 136 PANEL AND SHEET PRODUCTS
Panel and Sheet Products: Show

dimensions (e.g. thicknesses) on the
Drawings or specify in particular
component clauses.
PLYWOOD AND BLOCKBOARD
01
PLYWOOD AND BLOCKBOARD WOODWORK
Plywood and Blockboard: See also

NAFI Timber Datafile P2, PLYWOOD
for information.
STRUCTURAL PLYWOOD: Specify
veneer layup as it affects properties
and also face veneer grade, e.g., C or
D, or if decorative face required, A or
B.
STRUCTURAL PLYWOOD: Interior or Exterior Use: To AS 2269.

Item:
Stress Grade:
Veneer Layup:
Stress grade to AS 2269 clause 1.4.3

for range (F7 to F34).
INTERIOR USE: Specify Bond type C
or D as appropriate and face veneer
grades as appropriate.
INTERIOR USE: To AS 2270.
EXTERIOR USE: Specify bond type A

or B. If structural, must be A bond.
Also specify face veneer grades as
appropriate, e.g., AC equals A face
veneer C back veneer.
EXTERIOR USE: To AS 2271.
MARINE PLYWOOD: Generally only

appropriate to boat construction,
otherwise refer to AS 2269.
MARINE PLYWOOD: To AS 2272.
Item:
Item:
Bond Type:
Bond Type:
Veneer Grade:
Veneer Grade:
PRESEALED PLYWOOD: Plywood presealed both sides with an approved machine

applied sealer. Edges to be sealed with an approved sealer.
Proprietary Item: Specify appropriate

proprietary item.
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Plywood to be used in weather exposed

applications to be preservative, treated to AS 1604, Timber Utilisation and
Marketing Act (Old), or Timber Marketing Act (NSW) as appropriate.
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PARTICLEBOARD
[STANDARD: AS 1859 is in the process

of revision. The types and grades
referred to here are likely to be
incorporated in the revised standard.
APRI Industry Standard for High
Moisture
Resistant
(HMR)
Particleboard should be specified in
the interim. Refer Australian Wood
Panels Association for current
information]
02
PARTICLEBOARD WOODWORK
STANDARD: To AS 1859. Standard type for interior use in dry locations only. HMR
(highly moisture resistant) type for all other uses except flooring. Use flooring
grade for flooring generally. Use fungicidal treated flooring in damp situations.
MELAMINE SURFACE PARTICLEBOARD: Particleboard factory finished with a
melamine surface bonded to both faces.
VENEERED PARTICLEBOARD: Standard grade particleboard faced on both sides
with timber veneers, complying with the specification for blockboard except for
the composition of the core.
[MEDIUM DENSITY FIBREBOARD: A

proprietary product intended for
stained, painted, or veneered joinery
and for high quality edge or face
machining.]
MEDIUM DENSITY FIBREBOARD: Fine grained homogeneous uniform density

resin~bonded board.
[Proprietary Item: Specify.]
11
FIBRE BUILDING BOARDS
FIBRE BUILDING BOARDS WOODWORK
HARDBOARD: To AS 2458.
[Classification: Tempered hardboard is
also available. If classifications different
from those given here are required.
specify them with the particular item.
Show thicknesses on the Drawings, or

specify with the item.
Interior wall lining: Reduced density
hardboard and standard hardboard
types GP and RD are also available
pre-primed.]
Classification: Unless otherwise specified:

4
Interior use generally: Standard hardboard Type GP.

Interior wall lining: Standard hardboard Type RD.
Floor Underlayment: Standard hardboard Type RD.
Exterior cladding: Exterior hardboard.
Sheltered Exterior: Tempered hardboard.
Interior Moisture Areas: Tempered hardboard.
VENEERED HARDBOARD: Type GP with a wood face veneer bonded to one side
only. Thickness 3 mm unless otherwise specified.
INSULATING FIBREBOARD: Organic fibre insulating board to AS 2459.
[INSULATING FIBREBOARD: Specify

other thicknesses with particular
items.]
Thickness: 13 mm unless otherwise specified.
VENEERS
VENEERS WOODWORK
VENEER QUALITY: To AS 2270 and AS 2271, and for face veneers as follows,
unless otherwise specified:
Veneer Quality A: Visible surfaces specified to have clear or high gloss finishes or
to have no coated finish.
Veneer Quality B: Visible surfaces specified to have opaque finishes.
Veneer Quality C: Non visible surfaces.
Decorative Quality S: To the following table:
[Veneered Item: e.g., All visible timber
veneers on plywood, blockboard or
particIeboard or list each item
individually, e.g. Flush doors".
Cupboard doors", Cupboard ends",
Bench tops", etc. Alternatively specify
the veneer in the clause specifying the
item, or show on the Drawings.
Veneered
Item:
Veneer Timber
Species:
Type of
Cut:
Matching
Arrangement:
Type of Cut: e.g. Sliced Semirotary" PeeIed", or "Rotary peeled".

Matching Arrangement: "Book"
"Centre" Diamond" "Random" or
Slip".]
SUBSECTION 140 WORKMANSHIP
WORKMANSHIP GENERALLY
WORKMANSHIP GENERALLY WOODWORK
EXTENT: Perform necessary operations including framing, trimming, assembling,

joining, fixing, finishing, and the like.
JOINTS: Use timber in single lengths whenever possible. If joints are necessary
make them over supports unless otherwise shown on the drawings or specified.
EDGES: Arris edges of work to receive paint or similar coatings. Arris or round off
visible edges to approval.
PLOUGHING: Back plough boards liable to warping (e.g. if exposed externally on
one face). Make the width, depth, number and distribution of ploughs appropriate
to the dimensions of the board and degree of exposure.
ACCESSORIES: Provide necessary templates, linings, blocks, stops, ironwork,
hardware and the like.
[UNSEASONED TIMBER: See also
NAFI Timber Datafile P4, TIMBERDESIGN FOR DURABILITY.
UNSEASONED TIMBER: Where unseasoned timber is used, allowance should be

made for shrinkage and to ensure undue stresses, misalignment or differential
shrinkage does not occur.
FRAMING: Trim where necessary for openings, including those required by other
trades.
FIXINGS: Where fixings are likely to cause splitting, adopt the following
practicesPredriIling to 80/o of the diameter of the fixing for nail and screw
fixings and 100% of diameter plus 1 mm. for bolt fixings.
Stagger adjacent nails and screws;
- Install adjacent nails and screws at slightly opposing angles.
12
[TIMBER MOVEMENT: See also NAFI

Timber Datafiles J1, TIMBER JOINT
DESIGN and P4, TIMBERDESIGN
TIMBER MOVEMENT: Make necessary allowance for shrinkage or swelling of

timber.
FOR DURABILITY.
JOINERY
JOINERY WOODWORK
[GENERALLY: See the note to

DlMENSlONSWOODWORK for
recommendation on specifying joinery
dimensions. Ensure that the Drawings
include joinery details.]
GENERALLY: Make joinery to details shown on the drawings, and as follows:

FINISHES: Where joinery is specified to have clear or tinted finishes, match
adjacent pieces to approval.
FASTENINGS: Conceal fastenings where possible, otherwise punch or sink the
heads below the surface and fill flush by an approved means to match the
finished surface.
[PLUGGING: (also known as

"peIIeting"); Plugs can be cut from
matching timber with a special "pIug
cutter" drill bit.]
PLUGGING: If fastenings are specified to be plugged, sink them below the

surface and cover with flush matching wood plugs showing face grain ( not end
grain) unless otherwise specified.
STOPPING: If fastenings are specified to be stopped, fill flush with an approved
colour matching putty, filler or dowel.
JOINTS: Scribe internal, mitre external joints.
TIMBER SURFACES
TIMBER SURFACES WOODWORK
[TERMINOLOGY: AS 1728 specifies

five classes of sawn surface, five of
dressed, and three of abraded. It is
doubtful whether all of these are
recognised in practice. Sawn, fine
sawn", dressed", "sanded" and "fine
sanded" may be sufficient for ordinary
purposes. Few organisations would
have the timber surface gauge
(AS 1728 Fig. 1) which is necessary to
use the standard. Timber Advisory
Services can advise on timber
surfaces and the use of AS 1728.]
TERMINOLOGY: To AS 1728, except that "sanded" shall have the same meaning
as abraded.
SURFACE TYPES: As follows unless otherwise specified:
Timber Surfaces Generally: The types most nearly corresponding to the
"suggested applications" in the Table to the Commentary of AS 1728.
Visible Sawn Timbers: UnseasonedNo. 3 Sawn Surface (medium) Seasoned:
- No. 4 Sawn Surface (fine)
Visible Dressed Timbers: Not less than No. 4 Dressed Surface (fine), or
sanded as specified below.
Joinery and Dressed Timbers, including Veneers, Visible Internally: Sanded to
not less than No. 2
Abraded Surface (smooth) for gloss paint finish; sanded to not less than No. 3
Abraded Surface (very smooth) for polished, clear, tinted or the like finishes.
Band Sawn Surfaces: UnseasonedNo. 3 Sawn Surface (medium) Seasoned: No. 4 Sawn Surface (fine)
SUBSECTION 300 STRUCTURE
FASTENINGS
FASTENINGS WOODWORK
For detailed information see also NAFI

Timber Datafiles J1 to J4, TIMBER
JOINT DESIGN. Also see Datafile P4,
GENERALLY: Provide necessary fixings, fastenings, anchors, lugs, nails, screws,

bolts, straps and the like of approved types, sufficient to transmit the loads and
stresses imposed and ensure the rigidity of the assembly. Drill timbers for
fastenings where appropriate and where necessary to prevent splitting and to
make allowance for shrinkage.
TIMBER - DESIGN FOR DURABILITY.
[CORROSIVE
RESISTANT
FASTENINGS: Bolts, etc in contact with
CCA treated timber should be further
protected with heavy bodied grease or
bituminous coatings]
CORROSIVE RESISTANT FASTENINGS: To AS 1214; AS 1650, AS 3566. Fastenings

exposed to weather, or used in external timbers such as weatherboards and
decking, or in contact with chemically treated timbers, marine or corrosive
atmospheres: to AS 1650, hot dip galvanised to 300 g/m2, coating mass, or
heavier coating as appropriate to the environment.
[FASTENINGS
FOR
TIMBER
ENGINEERING PURPOSES: AS 1720
provides information on spacing, end
and edge distances for fasteners]
FASTENINGS FOR TIMBER ENGINEERING PURPOSES: Bolts, washers, nails,

screws, coach screws, split ring connectors, shear plate connectors, tooth plate
connectors, framing anchors, and nail plate connectors: To AS 1720, of galvanised
steel unless otherwise specified and to details as shown on the drawings.
EXPLOSIVE DRIVEN FASTENINGS: Use only where specified or approved.
[NAlLS: Do not use steel or copper

nails in Western Red Cedar exposed
to weather or dampness. Specify
aluminium galvanised or silicone
bronze naiIs.]
NAILS: Use types appropriate for the purpose, or as recommended by the

manufacturer for the fixing of building boards or other manufactured sheets.
Steel Nails: To AS 2334.
Nail Length for Fixing Cladding, Lining and the like: Unless otherwise specified,
not less than 21/2 times the thickness of the member or members the nail is being
used to secure. (Not less than 4 times if the member is plywood or building
board under 10 mm thick.)
13
Nailing in Frames: To AS 1684, Section 6, or other approved publications.

SCREWS:
Wood Screws: To AS 1476.

Self Drilling Screws: To AS 3566.
Coach Screws: To AS 1393.
BOLTS: To AS 1111.
WASHERS: To AS 1237.
MASONRY ANCHORS: Approved patent expansion or chemical type.

HOOP IRON STRAPS: 30 x 1.0 or 25 x 1.2 mm, galvanised unless otherwise
specified.
PLUGS IN MASONRY: Seasoned softwood, or plastic plugs of an approved type.
ADHESIVES
ADHESIVES - WOODWORK
[GENERAL: Also refer NAFI Timber

Datafile P4, TIMBER DESIGN FOR
GENERAL: Use adhesives of approved types, sufficient to transmit the loads and
stresses imposed and ensure the rigidity of the assembly. Prevent adhesives from
staining surfaces specified to have clear or transparent finishes.
DURAB|LITY.]
NON-STRUCTURAL TYPES:
[Flooring Adhesive:
Maxbond".]
e.g.
FuIlers
Flooring Adhesives: Structural Elastomeric to U.S. Industry Standard AFG-01.

Contact Adhesive: To AS 2131.
Wallboard Adhesive: To AS 2329.
PVAC Emulsion: To AS 2370, Type 2 if required to be water resistant.
[Proprietary Item: Specify proprietary

type appropriate to application]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[STRUCTURAL TYPE: AS 1328

specifies appropriate structural
adhesives for timber eg. resorcinoI.]
STRUCTURAL TYPES: To AS 1328.
NAILING STRIPS
NAILING STRIPS WOODWORK
TOP BEARING: Unless otherwise specified or shown where timber joists, rafters or
purlins bear on steel principles, bolt 100 x 50 mm nailing strips to the top of the
principle with M10 bolts at 900 mm centres, through holes provided in the top
flange. To open-web joists, use hook-bolts passing between chord pairs. Make
allowance for shrinkage.
[BOTTOM BEARING: This is an
alternative to top bearing. Allowance
for shrinkage is critical. Also refer NAFI
Timber Datafile P4, TIMBERDESIGN
FOR DURABILITY.
BOTTOM BEARING: Unless otherwise specified or shown where timber joists,

rafters, or purlins bear on bottom flanges of rolled steel members bolt 50x 50 mm
nailing strips to each flange with M10 diameter bolts at 900 mm centres through
holes provided in the flanges. Make allowance for shrinkage.
GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER

(Previously
called
Glued
Laminated Members" in NATSPEC.)
GLU ED LAMINATED TIMBERWOODWORK
For details see also NAFI Timber
DESIGN: To AS 1720.1.
Datafile P8,
TIMBER.
GLUED
LAMINATED
[LOCATION: Delete if clear from the

Drawings]
LOCATION:
[TIMBER SPECIES: e.g. "Radiata

pine" "Jarrah" Brushbox".]
TIMBER SPECIES: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . ..
[DESIGN STRESSES: Refer to

manufacturers published stresses as
these will be different from standard
stress grades as they are based on
structural testing to AS 1720, etc]
DESIGN STRESSES: As per manufacturers published design stresses.
14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[SHAPE AND SIZE: e.g. As shown on

the Drawings", or specify here.
Alternatively, call on the Contractor to
design and size members to AS 1720,
and provide an engineer's certificate
to this effect]
SHAPE AND SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[CAMBER: Should only be specified

where it is required by design]
CAMBER: A member shall not be cambered unless a camber is shown. Install

cambered members with the camber up, or as otherwise specified.
MANUFACTURE: To AS 1328. and as follows:
THICKNESS; T0 AS 1328, clause 2.1.2.
END JOINTS: Unless otherwise specified, scarf or finger joints to AS 1328 and
AS 1720.1.
[ADHESIVES: Resorcinol or
"Phenolic" if exterior service grade.]
ADHESIVES: To AS 1328. clause 2.2

Adhesive Type: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SERVICE GRADE: Interior or

Exterior". Based on adhesive type]
SERVICE GRADE: To AS 1328, clause 4.3 unless otherwise specified.
[APPEARANCE GRADE: A, B or c to
As 1328.]
APPEARANCE GRADE: T0 AS 1328, Appendix F.
A Grade: suitable for clear finishing;

B Grade: fine sawn; C Grade:
structural only; Lowest acceptable
should be specified.
[PROTECTION AND HANDLING:
Ensure that specified protective
coating is compatible coating.]
PROTECTION AND HANDLING: Apply two coats of clear acrylic or polyurethane

all round prior to delivery to site unless otherwise specified. Do not overstress or
damage the member, or any joints in the structure. during handling and erection.
Store members on site on edge 150 mm clear of the ground/slab and cover with
tarpaulins.
MARKING: To AS 1328 clause 7.2.
SUBSECTION 320 POLE STRUCTURES
NAFI Timber Datafile Reference: SS2,

POLE FRAME CONSTRUCTION.
POLE STRUCTURES
POLE STRUCTURE DEFINITIONS
This Clause
NATSPEC.
POLE: A full length preservative treated round timber pole of specified species,
strength, taper, sweep, and the like, including round timber used as a column or
post extending to roof level and round timber used as a pier or post extending to
the underside of the floor frame.
is unchanged from
POLE STRUT: A pole used as a horizontal or diagonal bracing member. Similarly,

STRUTTING BEAM POLES.
PIER: An in-situ concrete pier formed in a bored pier hole as a footing for a pole
including the concrete encasing of embedded poles.
POLES
POLES
[STAN DARD: AS 2209 is the standard

for power transmission line poles.
Consider its suitability for specifying
poles for other purposes. If necessary
delete the reference, or modify it by
otherwise specifying" where its
requirements diverge.]
STANDARD: To AS 2209, unless otherwise specified.
[SPECIES: AS 2209 provides for

various pine species, (e.g. radiata,
slash) and hardwoods. Nominate the
species required.]
SPECIES:
[STRESS GRADE: Refer AS 1720 or

NAFI Timber Datafile SS2, POLE
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ..
FRAME CONSTRUCTION.
15
[DlAMETER: A variation of 25 mm
between minima and maxima is
reasonable, e.g. 125, 150 mm; 175,
200 mm 275, 300 mm. Expand the
table as necessary for members in a
range of sizes, or alternatively show
diameters on the Drawings]
DIAMETER: (Measured at the small end):

Minimum:
Maximum:
Poles and Posts:
. . . . .. . . . .
. . : . . : . . . .
Pole Struts:
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
Strutting Beam Poles:
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . ..
STRAIGHTNESS: To AS 2209, Table 1.1

BARREL CHECKS AND END SPLITS; Not exceeding Rating 1 for softwood and
Rating 2 for hardwood as in AS 2209, and not more than 3 mm at the widest
point.
[END SEALING/PLATING: Nail-plating
(50% of cross-section area) or sealing
(Mobilcer "M" wax emulsion) of pole
ends may be specified to reduce end
spIitting.]
END SEALING/PLATING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
POLE TAPER: Maximum 1 in 120.
MECHANICAL DAMAGE: Notwithstanding the limits permitted by AS 2209, poles

may be rejected if their strength has been unduly impaired. indentations up to a
maximum of 12 mm deep may be dressed out before or after preservative
treatment provided that such dressing does not adversely effect the treatment
specification.
[PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: At
location.]
[RETENTION OF PRESERVATIVE:
Certificates of compliance should be
obtained from an independent
laboratory for poles in critical
applications. State legislation may
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Provide certificate of treatment for treated poles

complying with the Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act (Qld), Timber Marketing
Act (NSW) or AS 1604 for protection against Hazard 5.
RETENTION OF PRESERVATIVE: Test by one of the methods specified in

AS 2209Section 5.
override]
[MARKING: State Legislation may
override AS 1604.]
MARKING: Brand preservative treated poles to AS 2209 Clause 5.10.
[SITE PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT:

Suitable preservatives include copper
napthenate emulsions]
SITE PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Where poles are docked, checked, machined

or otherwise fabricated on site, resulting in the exposure of untreated heartwood,
treat such areas with a saturation coating of an approved preservative before
erection or concealment.
ERECTING POLES
ERECTING POLES
SETTING OUT: Centre poles in pier holes so that the centre of the pole is on the
framing grid at ground level and the centre of pole top is on the grid at roof
beam level.
ERECTION: Erect poles plumb and true within the limits of deviation from
verticality set by the allowable sweep in the poles.
TEMPORARY BRACING: Maintain poles in correct position until structural framing
is complete.
TOLERANCES: + or -10 mm from grid location at ground level.
SWEEP: Align the allowable sweep parallel with roof beams. Compensate for
sweep at floor beam level and pole butt level by appropriate offsets from the
framing grid.
BEAM CONSTRUCTION: Provide beam connections in accordance with details on
the Drawings. Do not make oversize checks, or pack the beam out from the pole,
to compensate for sweep, taper, crooks, kinks, and the like.
[POLE FOOTINGS: Ensure that
footings are specified]
16
POLE FOOTINGS: Provide footings to engineer's details shown on drawings.

Ensure holes are dry and clear of loose materials prior to placing concrete.
SUBSECTION430 FLOORS
SUB-FLOOR TIMBER (Previously
called
Floor
NATSPEC.)
Stumps"
SUB-FLOOR TIMBER WOODWORK
in
[Building Regulations may override

where stumps are used for lateral
stabiIity.]
TIMBER FLOOR STUMPS: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684, clause 2.10.
[TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: e.g.

"Pine, stress grade F8, preservative
treated to AS 1604 Hazard 5" or
Sawn hardwood to AS 070"]
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SPACING: Show on the Drawings.

Building regulations may override the
Standard]
SPACING: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684, Table 3.
[SlZES: The minimum sizes permitted

by AS 1684 clause 2.10 are: Stumps,
100 x 100 mm or 115 mm diameter;
Sole plates, 300 x 150 x 38 mm;
Bracing, 75 x 38 mm. Refer to the
standard for other sizes. Building
regulations may override]
SIZES: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684 clause 2.10 and Table 2.
[STUMP BRACING: Refer also to State

Framing Manuals, particulary for high
wind areas.]
STUMP BRACING: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684 clause 2.10.6.
[INSTALLATlON: In high wind areas.

stumps may also act as tie-down.
Special details may be necessary.]
INSTALLATION: Unless otherwise specified, to AS 1684, Rule 2.10. Fix stump

battens horizontally 75 mm apart to external faces of building perimeter stumps.
Keep braces and battens 25 mm clear of ant caps.
[TERMITE TREATMENT: There should

be a casing of termite treated soil
around the base of the stumps in areas
subject to termite attack. See also NAFI
TERMITE TREATMENT: Specified in TERMITE BARRIER - GROUNDWORKS.
STUMP BATTENS: Unless otherwise specified, 75 x 25 mm.
Timber Datafile P4, TIMBER - DESIGN

FOR DURABILITY.
[ACCESS GATE: Show location on

Drawings]
ACCESS GATE: 600 mm wide, framed and braced and battened to match stump
battens. Hang on two galvanised mild steel hinges. Fit a galvanised mild steel
pad bolt
[ANT CAPS: See also NAFI Timber
ANT CAPS: Specified in TERMITE SI-IIELDSWOODWORK.
Datafile P4, TIMBER - DESIGN FOR

DURABILITY.
GROUND FLOOR TIMBERS
GROUND FLOOR TIMBERS WOODWORK
[TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: See

AS 1684 Rule 3.3, and TIMBER
SPECIES GROUPS - WOODWORK.
Refer to species groups as in timber
standards if it is not intended to limit
choice to a single species; eg.
"Hardwood to AS 2082".]
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[STRESS GRADE: See notes to

TIMBER GRADES - WOODWORK]
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SIZES AND SPACINGS: (May be

shown on the Drawings.) See AS 1684
clause 3.3. Regulations may govern
minimum sizes and spacings of
bearers and joists. Refer also State
Framing Manuals]
SIZE AND SPACINGS:

Size
Bearers:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Joists:
. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
[lNSTALLATlON: AS 1684 Section 3

gives detailed and comprehensive
workmanship requirements. However
if further or special instructions are
needed, add them here. Ensure that
the design provides for adequate
ventilation of sub-floor spaces and
minimum clearance to underside of
timbers to comply with local building
reguIations.]
INSTALLATION: T0 AS 1684, Section 3.
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Spacing:
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
PREPARATION: Remove debris from under floor areas before fixing floor timbers
and laying flooring. Keep the areas clear of off-cuts and sawdust.
17
UPPER FLOOR TIMBER
UPPER FLOOR TIMBERS WOODWORK
[See note to previous clause on ground
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
floor timbers]
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ..
JOISTS: . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[RESTRAINT: Show location on

Drawings if possible. AS 1684 gives
size for blocking but not for strutting]
RESTRAINT: Solid blocking, herringbone strutting, or strapping. To AS 1684.

Rule 3.8.2.
Strutting Size: 38 x 38 mm
TRIM AROUND OPENINGS: T0 AS 1684, Rule 3.10.
INSTALLATION: To AS 1684, Section 3.

TIMBER FLOORS ON SLABS
TIMBER FLOORS ON SLABS WOODWORK
[LOCATlON: Delete if clear from the

Drawings. For details, see also NAFI
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timber Datafile SS3, TIMBER FLOORS

- COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRlAL.]
JOISTS/BATTENS:
Timber Species or Group: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stress Grade: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spacing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Layingz Either on fIat" or on edge".

Joists on flat are suitable for secret
nailing where the boards are cramped
one at a time. but 50 mm joist width
is the maximum for cramping a
number of boards at one time]
[VAPOUR BARRIER: Delete if not
required]
Laying: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VAPOUR BARRIER: 0.15 mm high-impact resistant polyethylene film to AS 1326.

Lap 150 mm. Seal laps with pressure~sensitive polyethylene adhesive tape to
AS1599, Serial number 19.
FIXING: Do not commence fixing until the moisture content of the concrete is less
than 6% when tested by the Preliminary or Electrical Resistance Tests of AS 1884
Appendix A. Fix joists/battens to concrete at 900 mm maximum centres. Pack as
necessary if the concrete is out of level, with corrosion-resistant non-compressible
material.
[Fixing Method: e.g. Patent floor

clips" "Masonry anchors" Hoop iron
overstraps fixed with explosive driven
lastenings".]
Fixing Method: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STRIP FLOORING
STRIP FLOORING WOODWORK
[Details: For extensive details, see also

NAFI Timber Datafile SS3, TIMBER
FLOORS - COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRlAL.]
AND
[LOCATION: Delete if clear from the

Drawings. May also be used for roof
decking. See ROOF DECKING AND
CEILING - WOODWORK.]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 6 of AS 1684, and the flooring
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
standards AS 1492, AS 1782, AS 1810
and AS 2796.]
18
[GRADE: e.g. Standard or

"Merchantable" to AS 1492 (Radiata
pine), "Clear" Select "Standard"
Utility to AS 1782, AS 1810) specifies
one grade only]
GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[PROFILE: Tongued and grooved.

Add "secret nailed" and end
matched" if required. End matched
flooring is suitable only for domestic
applications. The end matched joint is
not suitable for the heavy wear
encountered in public buildings,
squash courts and the like.]
PROFILE: . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SIZE: Minimum thickness is 19 mm for

most timbers. Common nominal widths
are 75 and 100 mm. Available sizes
vary from state to state and from
species to species. Finished thickness
should be specified. "Secret nailed"
flooring is generally available only in
less than 100 mm nominal. For further
information, contact local Timber
Advisory Services]
SIZE:
[INSTALLATlON: AS 1684, Rule 3.11

gives detailed and comprehensive
workmanship requirements. Add any
further or special instructions here if
needed]
INSTALLATION: To AS 1684, Rule 3.11
PARTICLEBOARD FLOORING
PARTICLE BOARD FLOORING WOODWORK
[LOCATION: See note to STRIP

FLOORING (above).]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[PARTICLEBOARD: See note to

PARTICLEBOARD - WOODWORK.]
PARTICLEBOARD: To AS 1859.
[GRADE: Insert either "Flooring

grade" or Fungicide treated flooring
grade".
GRADE:
Width: (nominal): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thickness (finished): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flooring grade particleboard is

designed for limited weathering (3
months during construction). The
usual precautions are required:
well ventilated sub-floor space
vapour barrier over permanently
damp ground.
Fungicide treated flooring should be
used if there is a likelihood of
dampness during service]
[THlCKNESS: 19 or 22 mm (for joist
spacing 450 or 600 mm.)]
THICKNESS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EDGE FINISH: Tongued and grooved (plastic spline) or square edge
[lNSTALLATlON: Overall sanding is

usually necessary]
INSTALLATION: To AS 1860. Use elastomeric adhesive as recommended by the

particleboard manufacturer, in addition to nailing Sand to give a smooth level
surface taking into account junctions and weathering of board during
construction.
PLYWOOD FLOORING
PLYWOOD FLOORING WOODWORK
(LOCATION:
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See
note to STRIP
FLOORING (above).]
PLYWOOD: To AS 2269
[STRESS GRADE: F11 is most readily

available]
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[THICl<NESS: eg. 15 mm. See

AS 1684, Table 6, for thickness related
to joist spacing. See also NAFI Timber
Datafile P2, PLYWOOD and PAA
publication T & G STRUCTURAL
PLYWOOD IN RESIDENTIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS]
THICKNESS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[VENEER GRADE: Specify face and

back grades, e.g., CD".]
VENEER GRADE:
Face: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . ..
Back: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
EDGE FINISH; Tongued and grooved.
INSTALLATION: To AS 1684, Rule 3.11.7. Use elastomeric adhesive to US. Industry

Standard AFG-O1, as recommended by the Plywood Association of Australia, in
addition to nailing. Sand junctions lightly to a smooth level surface.
EMBER DECKING
08
[For heavy decking reference should

be made to subsection 432 DECKS
COMMERCIAL, INDAUTRIAL AND
MARINE.]
TIMBER DECKING WOODWORK

LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOISTURE CONTENT: Seasoned to 10-15% MC
Consult Timber Advisory Services for

timber availability, sizes and allowable
spans]
[SIZE: (Nominal): e.g. 100 x 25 mm.]
SIZE: (Nominal): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SURFACE FINISH: e.g. Dressed one

side" Dressed all round, ribbed one
side", etc]
SURFACE FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[TOP EDGES: e.g. "Pencil rounded"

or "Arrised".]
TOP EDGES: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[lNSTALLATION: For heavy decks,

fixing requirements should be in
accordance with NAFI Timber
Datafile SS4, TIMBER DECKS COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND
INSTALLATION: Lay in long lengths (minimum 3 spans) double nailed at each

bearing with galvanised nails driven flush. Stagger joints and make them over
joists. Leave 4 mm between edges of boards. Drill nail holes at board ends to
avoid splitting.
MARINE]
FLOOR SANDING AND FINISHING
12
FLOOR SANDING AND FINISHINGWOODWORK

SANDING: To AS CA39.
Floors to be Overlaid with Textile or Resilient Floor Coverings and the like:
Basic sand.
Floors to be Finished with a Liquid Plastic, Sealer or Wax: Stop with colour
matching filler and fine sand.
[FINISH: See also NAFI Timber
Datafile SS3, TIMBER FLOORS COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL]
FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Domestic Floors: 2 coats clear gloss two pack Polyurethane.
SUBSECTION 440 WALLS
REFLECTIVE WALL INSULATION
D5
REFLECTIVE WALL lNSULATlONWOODWORK
[Reflective foil should never be

specified for use directly under timber
cladding]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Class: and Grade: See note to FLOOR
Class: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MATERIAL: Reflective foil laminate to AS 1903.
INSULATION - WOODWORK.]
Grade: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Type: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Proprietary Item: Specify item and
grade]
Proprietary Item:
INSTALLATION: To AS 1904, Rule 7. Apply to outer face of external stud walls
including brick veneered walls.
[VAPOUR BARRIER: Include if

reflective insulation is to form a vapour
barrier. A vapour barrier is required in
alpine areas and in humid tropical and
sub-tropical areas if the interior is air
conditioned. See also NAFI Timber
Datafile P4, TlMBERDESIGN FOR

DURABILlTY.]
20
VAPOUR BARRIER: Seal laps, terminations, and penetrations with 50 mm wide

pressure-sensitive polyethylene adhesive tape to AS 1599, serial number 19. Form
a continuous air-tight seal over the whole of the wall area.
TIMBER WALL FRAMING
TIMBER WALL FRAMING WOODWORK
[STANDARD: AS 1684 gives detailed

and comprehensive installation
requirements. Add any further or
special requirements here if needed.
For example, trenching plates for studs
is optional in AS 1684: state if
otherwise required. AS 1684
calculations are based on a design
wind velocity of 33 mls. High wind
conditions will require separate
calculations based on AS 1720 and
AS 1170 Part 2 or specify in
accordance with State Timber Framing
Manuals that provide details for other
wind speeds]
STANDARD: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684 Section 4.

note to GROUND FLOOR TIMBERS.]
[STRESS GRADE: e.g., F8 to F14

(unseasoned
hardwood),
F5
(seasoned pine), F5 or F7 (oregon) &
F5 (cypress)]
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[STUD SPACING: 450 mm or 600 mm.]
STUD SPACING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
BACKING TO JOINTS: Where requried by the sheeting manufacturer, provide a

frame member behind every joint in sheeting or lining.
[MINIMUM SIZES: Select from Tables
in Supplements to AS 1684. (Note:
Regulations may govern . Also refer
State Framing Manuals]
MINIMUM SIZES: (Subject to permitted specified tolerances): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Studs and plates: e.g. 100 x 38, 75

x 50 mm (in seasoned pine 90 x
35 mm).]
Stud, plates, and sill trimmers: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Studs to openings over 900 m wide:

Tables 6S or 24S. Specify stud sizes
for opening widths shown on
Drawings]
Studs to openings:
Opening Width:
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
Stud Size:. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
Verandah Posts:
Height: . . . . . . . . ..
Size: . . . ..
[Lintels: Tables 9S and 27S. Give Iintel

size for each width of opening]
Lintels: . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Verandah plates: Generally as for

lintels. See AS 1684, Rule 4.5.]
Verandah plates: . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[DOUBLE FACED WALLS: Gauged

framing is not necessary when
seasoned framing is specified]
DOUBLE FACED WALLS: Use framing members gauged to tolerances specified in

DIMENSIONSWOODWORI<.
NOGGING: Minimum 70 x 30 mm wide, at not more than 1350 mm centres.

Additional noggings for fixtures and flexible sheetings or linings as required.
[BRACING: For high wind areas, refer
BRACING WALLS - WOODWORK.]
BRACING: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684, Rule 4.8.
[Bracing type: "Timber" Metal or

Structural pIywood", "Particleboard",
Hardboard", or leave optional]
Bracing Type: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LEDGERS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VERANDAH POST BASES: Specified in POST BASES~METALWORK. Fix posts to
bases by the method provided in the base design.
[TIE-DOWN: May be required in

cyclonic or high wind areas. (See, for
example, Northern Territory Building
Manual, or the Queensland Timber
Framing Manual). Delete if not
required]
TIE-DOWN: Unless otherwise specified, the top plate shall be tied-down to the
bottom plate, floor frame or slab to resist wind uplift as shown on the drawings.
WALL PLATES ON MASONRY WALLS: Specified in PITCHED ROOF FRAMINGWOODWORK.
21
SUBSECTION .443 sFtEETmG.ANo ciuine APPLICATIONS I I

TIMBER EXTERNAL CLADDING
TIMBER EXTERNAL CLADDING - WOODWORK
(Previously called Weatherboards in

Natspec.)
[For details, see also NAFI Timber
Datafile FP1, TIMBER EXTERNAL
CLADDING]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: e.g.

Unseasoned cypress to AS 091 (or
AS 093). "Milled hardwood to
AS 2796 "Sawn hardwood to
AS 082";
"Preservative-treated
Radiata pine to AS 1495
Preservative-treated softwood to
AS1784, Western red cedar", etc]
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . ..
[GRADE: Specified under DRESSED

TIMBER in TIMBER GRADESWOODWORK. Vary if required]
GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[MOISTURE CONTENT: Sawn

weatherboards are normally supplied
unseasoned.]
MOISTURE CONTENT: Unless otherwise specified Seasoned.
[PROFILE AND SIZE: Available profiles

and sizes vary from time to time,
species to species, and place to place.
Consult local supplier or Timber
Advisory Service.]
PROFILE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .
FIXING:
Sawn Weatherboards: Single nail to each stud with corrosion resistant nails as
specified in FASTENlNGSWOODWORK.
Seasoned Milled Cladding: Double nailed at each crossing with corrosion resistant
nails as specified in FASTENINGSWOODWORK.
[PRIMING: See also NAFI Timber
Datafile FM1, EXTERIOR FINISHES
FOR TIMBER]
PRIMING: Unless otherwise specified prime all round before fixing with primer
matching colour of top coat specified in PRIMING BEFORE FIXING IN TIMBER
SURFACESPAINTlNG.
[NAIL HEADS: For stained finishes:

Drive flush. Do not punch or putty.
Concealed nailing" (on suitable
profiles). For paint finishes: Punch,
putty after priming", as specified in
PAINTING]
NAIL HEADS: . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[MITRED ANGLES: AND BEADED

ANGLES: are alternatives. Delete one.
Refer NAFI Timber Datafile FP1,
TIMBER EXTERNAL CLADDING for
typical details]
MITRED ANGLES: Mitre external angles. Scribe internal angles. Provide

flashing/sarking behind joint.
BEADED ANGLES: Butt at external and internal angles against square or profiled
beads equal to weatherboard thickness. Provide flashing/sarking behind joint.
FINISHING: As specified in the PAINTING Section.

HARDBOARD PLANKS
HARDBOARD PLANKS-WOODWORK
[Refer to FP1, TIMBER EXTERNAL

CLADDING and FM1, EXTERIOR
FINISHES FOR TIMBER]
MATERIAL: Exterior hardboard to AS 2458.

FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIXING: To manufacturers specification.
Q)
22
LINING BOARDS
LINING BOARDS WOODWORK
[LOCATION: eg. "Internal walls"

Eaves lining", etc. Delete if shown on
the Drawings]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP:

eg.,"Cypress to AS 094", "Milled
hardwood to AS 2796", Australiangrown softwood to AS 1783", Radiata
pine to AS 1493", Western red cedar
"Douglas fir", other imported timbers,
etc]
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP:. ..
[GRADE: PROFILE: AND SIZE: See
GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
notes to TIMBER EXTERNAL

CLADDING - WOODWORK. Some end
matched profiles are available]
PROFILE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[RUN OF BOARDS: eg. "Vertical"

"Horizontal" Diagonal, or show on
the Drawings]
RUN OF BOARDS: . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
INSTALLATION: Fix direct to framing in long lengths Stagger joints Use only full
length boards in vertical applications Fit and butt up to openings and adjoining
surfaces. Lap and arris external corners with both edges mitred together Scribe
internal corners.
[NAIL HEADS: For stained finishes:

Drive fIush." Do not punch or
putty". "Concealed naiIing (on
suitable profiles). For paint finishes:
Punch. Putty after priming as specified
in PAINTING]
NAIL HEADS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
HARDBOARDS LINING
HARDBOARD LINING WOODWORK
[LOCATION: e.g. Internal walls"

Internal ceiIings", etc. Delete if shown
on the Drawings]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[MATERlAL: Specify the classification,

e.g. "Tempered hardboard, if different
from those specified in FIBRE
BUILDING BOARDS - WOODWORK]
MATERIAL: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[FINlSH: Various factory prefinishes,

textured surfaces, etc., are available.
Consult manufacturer]
FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[THlCKNESS: e.g. 4.5 mm", "6 mm,

etc]
THICKNESS:
[INSTALLATION: Show sheet layout on

the Drawings or state whether sheets
run vertically or horizontally]
INSTALLATION: Set out sheets in even panels Fix direct to framing to

manufacturer's specifications.
[JOINTS: For example: Exposed: "Butt

edges and lightly arris. Mitre external
angles and scribe internal angles.
Covered: "Cover with moulds as
specified in the WOODWORK
SCHEDULES."]
JOINTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[PIN FIXING AND ADHESIVE FIXING:

are alternatives. Delete one]
PIN FIXING: Unless otherwise specified for bracing pin direct to bearings at all
edges at 100 mm centres and in body of sheet at 200 mm centres with
hardboard nails. Punch heads just below surface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
ADHESIVE FIXING: To contact surfaces with wallboard adhesive to AS 2329

recommended by the lining manufacturer
PLYWOOD LINING
05
PLYWOOD LINING WOODWORK
[LOCATION: e.g. Internal walls

"Internal ceilings, Eaves lining, etc.
Delete if shown on the Drawings]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[MATERlAL: "Interior (or Exterior) use

pIywood".]
MATERIAL: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[GRADE: "Decorative" or "Select". If

the former, specify the veneer (see
VENEERS - WOODWORK).]
GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THICKNESS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[lNSTALLATION: Show sheet layout on

the Drawings, or state here whether
sheets run vertically or horizontally,
location of joints, and the like. See also
PAA publication PLYWOOD IN
RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION]
INSTALLATION: Set out sheets in even panels. Fix direct to framing.
[JOINTS: e.g.: Exposed: "Butt edges

tightly and lightly arris. Mitre external
angles and scribe internal angles.
Covered: "Cover with moulds as
specified in the WOODWORK
SCHEDULES."]
JOINTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[PIN FIXING: and ADHESIVE FIXING:

are alternatives. Delete one. If lining is
to act as bracing wall or shear
diaphragm, specification must require
lining and fixing to comply with PAA
specifications.]
PIN FIXING: Unless otherwise specified for bracing, pin direct to bearings, at
edges at 100 mm centres and in body of sheet at 200 mm centres with wallboard
nails. Punch heads just below the surface.
ADHESIVE FIXING: To contact surfaces with wallboard adhesive to AS 2329, as
recommended by the lining manufacturer.
SUBSECTION 450 ROOFS, CEILINGS

TIE-DOWN
STRAPS,
BOLTS
01
TIE-DOWN STRAPS, BOLTSWOODWORK
(Previously called Overstraps to
Beams and Plates" in NATSPEC.)
[REQUlREMENT: For other than tile

roofs, for wind speeds up to 33 m/s,
all roofs require to be tied-down. Refer
State Timber Framing Manuals]
PITCH ED ROOF FRAMING
REQUIREMENT: Timber roof frames including roof battens, rafters, trusses, beams
plates, shall be tied-down to the supporting structure as specified on the
drawings.
02
PITCHED ROOF FRAMING WOODWORK
[Traditional domestic roof structure.]

[STANDARD: AS 1684 Section 5 gives
detailed
and
comprehensive
installation requirements. Add any
further or special requirements here if
needed. Some special members may
STANDARD: Unless otherwise specified to As 1684, Section 5.
need to be designed to AS 1720. Also

refer State Framing Manuals]

note to GROUND FLOOR TIMBERS
(above).]
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[MOISTURE CONTENT: SEasoned or

unseasoned.]
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
SPACING:
[Raftersz AS 1684 Table 13S (A or B).]
Rafters: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Underpurlins: Table 138 (A or B).]
Underpurlins (Maximum): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Strutting Beams: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Hanging Beams: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Ceiling joists: Table 10S]
Ceiling Joists: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Soffit Bearers: To suit soffit lining.
24
[MINIMUM SIZES: Regulations may

govern: Alternatively, sizes may be
shown on Drawings.]
MINIMUM SIZES: (Subject to permitted tolerances)
[Wall Plates on Masonry Walls: e.g.

100x 50 mm. AS 1684. Rule 5.21,
permits 75 x 38 mm. Fixing, see
PLATE FIXING - MASONRY]
Wall Plates on Masonry WaIIs:. . . . .
[Ceiling Joists: AS 1684, Table 108.]
Ceiling Joists: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Hanging Beams: Table 11S.]
Hanging Beams: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Common Rafters: Table 13S (A or B).]
Common Rafters: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Ridge Boards: AS 1684 Rule 5.2.5

permits smaller sizes under some
conditions]
Ridge Boards: Depth: Rafter depth plus 50 mm

Width: 38 mm
[Hip Rafters: See Rule 5.2.6 for special

conditions.]
Hip Rafters: As for ridge boards.
[Valley Rafters: See Rule 5.2.7 for

special conditions]
Valley Rafters: As for ridge boards.

Valley Boards: 19 mm thick. width to suit valley gutter
[Underpurlinsz Table 15S for allowable

spans for this size, and for other sizes
and spans.]
Underpurlins: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Strutsi See AS 1684 Rule 5.2.10 for

other sizes and conditions.]
Struts: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Strutting Beams: Table 15S.]
Strutting Beams: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Scissor Rafters: Rule 5.2.10.4.]
Scissor Rafters: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Collar Ties: Rule 5.2.11.1
Collar Ties: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Wind Bracing: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684 Rule 5213
[Soffit Bearers: 50 x 38 mm (if span

less than 600 mm.]
Soffit Bearers: (Eaves or verges): 75 x 38 mm

Jack Rafters: As for rafters.
Boxed Gables: Construct with gable studs plate and soffit bearers to AS 1684
Rule 5.2.15.3.
[Roof Battens: Tiling battens are

specified in ROOFING. Battens for
sheet roofing may be specified here
or in ROOFING. See also State
Construction Safety ReguIations.]
Roof Battens: Specified in ROOFING
BRACING: To AS 1684.
BEAM-SUPPORTED ROOF
BEAM-SUPPORTED ROOF WOODWORK
[Applicable to the construction of flat

roofs, and pitched roofs where the
ceiling follows the roof line. Also
adaptable to purlin-type roofs
(substitute PURLINS for RAFTERS).
Design may also be to AS 1720.]
STANDARD: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684

note to GROUND FLOOR TIMBERS
(above).]
TIMBER SPECIES OR GROUP:. . ..
[MOISTURE CONTENT: Seasoned or

unseasoned]
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . . ..
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
RAFTERS:
[Sizez and Spacing: AS 1684, Table 138
(A or B). See also State Framing
Manuals.]
Size: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[ROOF BEAMS (Principals): AS 1684,

Table 14S. Show location on Drawings.
See also State Framing Manua|s.]
ROOF BEAMS: (Principals):
Spacing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Members: Species, size, proprietary laminated beams and spacing Specified in
the WOODWORK SHEDULE.
[BRACING: and Visible Restraint: are

alternatives. Delete one. Use Visible
Restraint if the rafters themselves are
BRACING: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684, Rule 3.8.2.
exposed, e.g., as in ROOF DECKING

AND CEILINGWOODWORK.]
[RAFTER
RESTRAINT:
Solid
blocking" "Herringbone strutting".
Delete if not required]
6
RAFTER RESTRAINTI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visible Restraint: To AS 1684, Rule 3.8.2. Solid blocking from timber of rafter cross
section. Cut to fit between rafters and nail to rafters, evenly spaced, in a straight
line. Provide additional rows of blocking above wall plates, and above beams or
ridges occurring over walls, fixed vertically with top edges splayed to roof pitch.
ROOF TRUSSES
ROOF TRUSSES WOODWORK
[Show on the Drawings the location of

trusses; also sizes of members and
method of fabrication (e.g. nail-plating).
Alternatively call on the Contractor to
design the trusses to AS I720, and to
furnish an engineer's certificate to this
effect.]
PRE-FABRICATION: Fabricate timber trusses in an approved workshop to the

Drawings.
SHOP DRAWINGS: Supply pursuant to SHOP DRAWINGS - PRELIMINARIES.
INSTALLATION: Check set out and truss support positions and fix as detailed in
positions shown. Do not bend, overstress, or otherwise damage.
ERECTION AND BRACING: Lift, erect and provide temporary bracing in
accordance with manufacturers directions.
[See also NAFI Timber Datafile P9,

MANUFACTURED STRUCTURAL
TIMBER PRODUCTS.]
TOLERANCES ON PLACING: Out of Plumb: Not more than H/100, where H is the
height.
Overall Bow in any Chord: Not more than L/200 where L is the chord length, or
50 mm, whichever is the less.
BRACING: As specified on drawings.
[Proprietary Item: Specify design and

manufacturer of roof trusses]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROOF DECKING AND CEILING
ROOF DECKING AND CEILING - WOODWORK
[Where deck soffit is the ceiling, rafters

exposed.]
[DECKING MATERIAL: e.g. As
specified for STRIP FLOORING" (or
PARTICLEBOARD FLOORING, or
PLYWOOD FLOORING). If strip
flooring, specify dressed all round
(some types are not dressed on the
underside). Thicknesses for nontrafficable roofs may differ from flooring
thicknesses; see AS 1684 Tables 10
and 11.]
DECKING MATERIAL: . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[FlXlNG: It may be necessary to

specify additional fixing (if the material
is to be used as a diaphragm). Refer
to NAFI Timber Datafile SS6, TIMBER
FIXING: Unless otherwise specified, to be fixed as for flooring.
SHEARWALLS AND DIAPHRAGMS1
[FILLETS: For built-up roofing onIy.]
FILLETS: Plant triangular fillets, cut from 50 x 50 mm, in all corners formed by
roof decking and vertical surfaces.
ROOF SARKING
ROOF SARKING WOODWORK
[Sarking fixed directly over timber

decking or ceiling must be vapour
permeable.]
LOCATION: . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MATERIAL: Vapour permeable breather type sarking (to BS 4160) with spread of
flame index not greater than 5.
PROPRIETARY ITEM: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..
26
FASCIAS, BARGES, ROOF TRIM

(Previously called Roof Trim" in
NATSPEC)
FASCIAS, BARGES, ROOF TRIM - WOODWORK
[MATERlAL: For solid timber

members, specify timber species or
group, and grade, (e.g. select or
standard), or specify other materials,
e.g. Presealed pIywood".]
MATERIAL: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
FINISHED SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
FASCIA: Groove for eaves lining. Mitre corners. Chamfer lap joints. Nail to rafters
Use long lengths.
BARGE: To match fascia.
[PLYWOOD FASCIA: ls an Option.

PLYWOOD FASCIA: Presealed plywood, minimum length 5 m without scarf joints.
[ANTI-PONDING BOARD: Only for

roofs sarked under roofing battens]
ANTIPONDING BOARD: Fix a fibre cement or tempered hardboard anti-ponding

board between the fascia and the lowest roofing batten to carry the roof sarking
on to the top of the fascia without ponding.
SUBSECTION 480 JOINT INSERTIONS

TERMITE SHIELDS
TERMITE SHIELDS WOODWORK
[A combination of termite shields and

chemical treatment (AS 2057) may be
appropriate. Refer TERMITE BARRIER
- GROUNDWORKS.]
STANDARD: T0 AS 1694
[Shields should only be specified

where access is available for regular
inspection.]
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAPSHIELDS: To tops of floor stumps, piers or posts, to AS 1694 clause 8.3.1.
[Refer also to NAFI Timber Datafile P4,

TIMBER-DESIGN FOR DURABILITY]
STRIP SHIELDS: Between concrete slab and underside of external stud wall
plates, to AS 1694 clause 8.5.
MATERIAL: 0.6 mm thick galvanised or aluminium/zinc coated steel sheet turned

down 45 degrees.
27
Additions to NATSPEC Woodwork

D
THE FOLLOWING SUBSECTIONS AND/OR CLAUSES ARE NEW TO

SECTION 270 WOODWORK OF NATSPEC
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THEY BE INSERTED WHERE INDICATED
IN SUBSECTION 001 GENERAL
PLYWOOD IDENTIFICATION
08
PLYWOOD IDENTIFICATION WOODWORK
REQUIREMENT: All structural and exterior use plywood to be identified by

branding.
[BRANDING: See NAFI Timber
Datafile P2, PLYWOOD for details of
Plywood Association of Australia
quality assurance identification marks.]
BRANDING: Brands to identify the plywood type and the appropriate Australian
Standard, face and back veneer grades, glue bond, stress grade, manufacturer,
and the mark of a recognised Plywood Quality Assurance Programme.
IN SUBSECTION300 STRUCTURE, AT THE END

NAILPLATED JOINED BEAMS
NAILPLATED JOINED BEAMS WOODWORK
[PRODUCT: Refer to Manufacturers

specifications and published design
tables for allowable spans etc. See also
NAFI
Timber
Datafile
P9,
PRODUCT: Composite member made up by butt and/or horizontally joining timber

with pressed in metal nailplates.
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TIMBER PRODUCTS]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER
LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER WOODWORK
6
:~
PRODUCT: Glued laminated veneer structural component.

[PROPRIETARY ITEM: Two brands of
LVL are commercially available:
Hyspan and lnterlam. Nominate select
item if appropriate]
[SlZES: Ensure sizes are shown on

Drawings.]
SIZES: As shown on Drawings.

manufacturers published stresses]
DESIGN STRESSES: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[FINISH QUALITY: Standard finish is

unsanded with some surfaces sawn.
Sanded finish to be specified if
required]
FINISH QUALITY: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.

damage the member during handling and erection.
SCRIMBER
SCRIMBER WOODWORK
PRODUCT: Glue bonded orientated wood strand structural component.

manufacturers published stresses.]
DESIGN STRESSES: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SlZES: Ensure sizes are shown on

Drawings.]
SIZES: As shown on Drawings
[FINISH QUALITY: Standard finish is
FINISH
QUALITY: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
fine sawn. Sanded finish to be

specified if required]
damage the member during handling and erection.
W
28
NEW SUBSECTION328
SUBSECTION 328 MARINE SUPERSTRUCTURES

GRADE AND QUALITY
01
GRADE AND QUALITY
SAWN TIMBER: Generally, complying with the following:

Hardwood: Structural Grade No. 2 to AS 2082 except as specified below.
Softwood: Structural Grade No. 2 to AS 2858 except as specified below.
VARIATIONS TO STANDARD:
Gum and Resin Veins: Loose gum and resin veins not permitted.
Unsound Knots: Not permitted.
Sapwood: Permitted provided preservative treated as specified below.
Gum and Resin Pockets: Not permitted on the upper surface of decking, kerbs or
other horizontal members fully exposed to the weather.
Heart:
Hardwood: Sound heart permitted in the central one third of the cross-section
of members with a least dimension greater than 175 mm.
Softwood: Refer to AS 2858.
Shakes and Splits: Not permitted.
Heartwood: For softwoods, heartwood to be limited to 20% of the cross sectional
area not to exceed 50% of the surface width.
ROUND TIMBER: To AS 2209, Section 3 and Section 4 as appropriate,
SPECIES AND STRESS GRADE
02
SPECIES AND STRESS GRADE
ACCEPTABLE SPECIES:
Hardwood: Durability Class 1 or 2 and Strength Group S3 or better.
Softwood: Radiata Pine, Slash Pine or Caribbean Pine.
[PREFERRED SPECIES AND STRESS
GRADE: Refer to Timber Advisory
Services for availabiIity.]
PREFERRED SPECIES AND STRESS GRADE:
Girders, Corbells and Kerbs:
Species
Stress Grade
Headstocks:
Species
Stress Grade
Wales and Braces:
Species
Stress Grade
Handrails:
Species
Stress Grade
Decking and Spiking Planks:
Species
Stress Grade
\ .
29
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT
03
HAZARD LEVEL: Timber to be used above high water line shall be treated to
hazard level H3 in accordance with the Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act
(Qld), the Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or AS 1604 as appropriate. Timber that will
be in contact with the water shall be treated to H6 level as above.
[HAZARD LEVEL: At present,

Queensland and NSW have their own
Act and all other States and Territories
use AS 1604. Select Act or Standard
appropriate to the project location.]
TREATMENT OF JOINTS
ACCEPTANCE, TESTING, BRANDING AND CERTIFICATION: To be in accordance

with the Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act (Qld.), The Timber Marketing Act
(NSW) or AS 1604 and AS 1605 as appropriate.
O4
TREATMENT OF JOINTS
DRILLING, NOTCHING AND MACHINING: After the completion of drilling,

notching and machining, all joints, holes and notches to be coated with a 6 mm
layer of copper napthenate preservative emulsion paste.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
05
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
GENERAL: Allowance to be made to negate any possible detrimental effects due

to differential shrinkage.
ENDS AND JOINTS: All members to be butt joined over the centre line of
supports. End joints to be cut square. Girders' ends to be placed with a minimum
gap at ends of 40 mm and a maximum gap of 60 mm. Decking to be placed to
cover this gap. Flats on girders supporting spiking planks to be 20 mm less than
the spiking plank width.
HEART: Where possible, the heart side of all members to be laid down except for
bracing or similar members where it is to be placed to the inside of joints.
SPIKING PLANKS: To be of length at least half the span of girders and end joints
shall be located outside the middle one third of the girder span. Fix spiking
planks to girders at girders ends with M16 coach screws not less than 100 mm
into the girder. At other positions, use M20 bolts at least 150 mm from ends of
spiking planks.
ANTl~SPLITTlNG DEVICE: Provide anti-splitting bolts or nail plates to spiking
planks at 1000 mm centres.
DECK FIXING: Decking to be fixed using two spikes, screws or bolts at each
crossing, as shown on the Drawings. Fixings at each crossing to be staggered to
avoid joist splitting.
DECK STORAGE AND HANDLING: Store and handle decking so as to ensure
minimal distortion of decking occurs during drying.
STEELWORK
06
STEELWORK
MATERIAL: Unless otherwise specified, all steelwork to be hot dip galvanised mild
steel of grade 4.6 to current Australian Standards.
HOLES: Holes for bolts to be bolt diameter plus 2 mm. Holes for spikes to be
spike diameter less 10/o and to be drilled 25 mm less in depth than the length of
spike. Holes for coach screws to be the shank diameter for the length of the
shank and the root diameter for the length of the thread.
THREADS: Thread lengths to be a minimum of four times the bolt diameter.
WASHERS: Washers to be provided to the heads and nuts of all coach screws
and bolts and to be a minimum of 4 mm thick and 65 mm square or equivalent
round area.
LENGTHS: Make due allowance for bolt lengths to ensure sufficient lengths are
available for oversize timber. Cutting into timber will not be permitted to facilitate
short bolt lengths.
BOLT PROTECTION: Coat bolts with a bituminous coating prior to insertion in bolt
holes.
30
NEW SUBSECT|ON354
SUBSECTIQN. as4: P(;IRTALFRAMED$TRUCTURE;S;

PORTAL COLUMN AND RAFTERS
O1
PORTAL COLUMN AND RAFTERS
[Detailsz For details refer also E

Timber Datafiles SS1, TIMBER
PORTAL FRAMES and B1, TIMBER
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
STRUCTURES]
[PRODUCE: Specify product i.e.,

glued laminated, LVL or other.]
PRODUCT:
SPECIES:
. . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . , . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . I . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . .
[BASIC WORKING STRESSES: Specify

working stresses or structural
properties appropriate to product as
per manufacturers published data.]
BASIC WORKING STRESSES: . I . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[GRADED QUALITY: Specify finish

quality e.g. Appearance grade A, B or
C for glued laminated timber.]
GRADED QUALITY:
[CAMBER OR TAPER: Insert Permitted

or Not Permitted.]
CAMBER OR TAPER: . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[PRE-FINISHING/TEMPORARY
PROTECTION: Ensure that specified
protective coating is compatible with
specified finish coating.]
PRE-FINISHING/TEMPORARY PROTECTION: Prior to delivery, apply 2 coats of

clear acrylic or polyurethane all round to members and wrap with an impervious
sheeting.
. . . . : . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . I , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
HANDLING AND STORAGE: Carefully handle members to protect waterproof

covering. Store on site, on edge, 150 mm clear of the ground.
[Proprietary Item: Specify type.]
GUSSET PLATES
Proprietary Item: . . . t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
02
[TYPE: Specify type i.e. Structural

plywood, mild steel, etc.]
GUSSET PLATES
TYPE:
. . . , . , . . . . . . . I . . , . . . I . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THICKNESS:
[GRADE: Specify grade of plywood

e.g. F11, or grade of steeI.]
[CORROSION PROTECTION: Refer
also NAFI Timber Datafile P4,
GRADE:
. . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . I , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . I . . . , , . , . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . A A . . . . . . . I . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 4
CORROSION PROTECTION: . . . . . . A . . . . . I , . . . . . . . . . I , . . . . . . I . . . , . . , . . . . . ..
TIMBERDESIGN FOR DURABILITY.]
TEMPORARY PROTECTION: Ensure gusset plates are protected from moisture

while being handled or stored.
[FlXING: Ensure all nail information is

nominated on Engineers Drawings.]
FIXING: Hand or machine nail gusset plates using nails of length, diameter and
head type specified on Drawings.
[OVER DRIVING: Delete this where

heavy steel gusset plates are specified.
Nailing is sometimes used with light
gauge steel gusset plates]
OVER DRIVING: Replace gusset plates where more than 10% of nail heads
penetrate the outer veneer of the gusset plates.
BASE PLATES TO COLUMNS
[TYPE: Specify type e.g. concealed,

inverted T or as detailed on
Drawings".]
03
BASE PLATES TO COLUMNS

TYPE:
. . . . . . I . , . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . , . , . ..
CORROSION PROTECTION: I-lot dip galvanised to AS 1650.
DAMP PROOFING: Insert the damp proofing membrane between the base of the
timber and the concrete and secure in place.
[Damp Proof Membrane: Where there
is no gap between the base of the
timber and the concrete and there is
no metal base plate, specify an
appropriate damp proofing membrane
e.g. bitumen coated aluminium to
AS 2904,]
Damp Proof Membrane: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .:
31
ERECTION
04
ERECTION
PERMANENT BRACING: Install all permanent bracing in accordance with the

Drawings.
TEMPORARY BRACING: If permanent bracing is not fitted prior to lifting, provide
temporary bracing to the outside of columns allowing adequate clearance for the
lifting of roof frames.
LIFTING: Provide spreaders, strongbacks, bracing and the like, as required to
ensure fabricated sections of roof are lifted without racking or distress.
PURLINS AND GIRTS: When fitting unseasoned purlins and girts, position them
sufficiently proud of the portal frames so that, when shrinkage takes place, the
outer edge of purlins and girts are not inside the required line.
IN SUBSECTION430 FLOORS, BETWEEN THE PRESENT 12 & 13
DECK FINISHING
NEW
DECK FINISHING WOODWORK
HARDWOOD AND CYPRESS: One coat of primer and one finishing coat all
around prior to fixing, followed by one finishing coat on completion.
Refer NAFI Timber Datafiles: FM1,

EXTERIOR FINISHES FOR TIMBER
and SS4, TIMBER DECKSCOMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND
SOFTWOOD: One coat of water repellent preservative and one finishing coat all
around prior to fixing followed by one finishing coat on completion.
MARINE.
FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[FINlSH: To be selected. If used over

water repellent preservative, it must be
compatibIe.]
[Delete if decking is to be left unfinished]
IN SUBSECTION 430, FLOORS
FIRE RATED FLOOR SYSTEM
15
FIRE RATED FLOOR SYSTEM WOODWORK

STANDARD: TO AS 1530.4.
LOCATION:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F.R.L: . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
[F.R.L.: Local Building Regulations will
HPPIYI
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[PROPRIETARY ITEM: Select system

from manufacturers specifications e.g.
CSR, Boral, etc]
SOUND RATED FLOOR SYSTEM
16
SOUND RATED FLOOR SYSTEM - WOODWORK
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[S.T.C. and l.l.C RATINGS: Local
Building Regulations will app|y.]
S.T.C. RATING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

CSR, Boral, etc]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
I.l.C. RATING; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
NEW SUBSECTION431
SUBSECTION 431 FLOORSCOMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
Refer NAFI Timber Datafile: SS3.

TIMBER FLOORSCOMMERClAL
AND INDUSTRIAL.
FRAMING TIMBERS
O1
FRAMING TIMBERS
[Specify species. stress grade and

moisture c0ntent.]
SPECIES:
[MOISTURE CONTENT: Seasoned or

unseasoned. If unseasoned timber is
used, make due allowance in design
for differential shrinkage.]
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . ..
32
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , . . . . .
STRESS GRADES: . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . , . . . . .
["GAUGED" OR SIZED: Required

or not required. Commercial timbers
can be so large that sizing joists can
GAUGED OR "SlZED; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
be impractical.]
[SlZE: If span, spacing, sizes and the
like are not shown on Drawings,
specify here.]
SIZE:
Bearers
Joists
BRANDING: Brand framing members to identify stress grade and supplier.

FLOORING
FLOORING
[TYPE: Specify type e.g.

T & G Strip, Plywood, Particleboard]
TYPE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
SPECIES:
[MOISTURE CONTENT: Under normal

conditions, moisture content should be
10-15%, however, in special
applications such as air-conditioned
spaces moisture content should be
varied, consult Timber Advisory
Services]
[GRADE: Refer to the
Australian Standard.]
relevant
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . ..
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
SURFACE FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
GRADE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LENGTH: The minimum length of strip T & G boards to be three times the joist
spacing.
[PROFlLE: Specify secret
standard or offset tongue.]
nail,
PROFILE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Width: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thickness:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
END JOINTING:
[Over Joists: Strongly recommended
for commercial flooring.]
Over Joists: Join flooring only over joists.
[End Matching: End matched flooring

should only be used in lightly loaded
areas, e.g. typical of domestic loading.]
End Matching: End matching may be used.
[Proprietary Item: Specify proprietary

flooring system if applicable.]
LAYING
LAYING
[LAYlNG: Select the

paragraph.]
appropriate
LAYING:
Strip FlooringJoined over Joists: Stagger joints in adjoining boards.

Strip FlooringEnd Matched: Lay strip boards with end joints staggered such that
no two end joints in adjacent boards occur within a distance of one board span.
Sheet Flooring: Lay sheet floors using a halt sheet staggered pattern.
CRAMPING: Cramp strip floors in maximum widths of 900 mm and ensure boards
are firmly seated on joists before nailing.
[FlXlNGS: For recommendations refer
NAFI Timber Datafile SS3. TIMBER
FLOORS - COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL.]
FIXINGS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
AND
[EDGE CLEARANCE I EXPANSION

JOINTS: A most important aspect for
large expanses of commercial
fIooring.]
EDGE CLEARANCE/EXPANSION JOINTS: Provide edge clearance and expansion

joints in the flooring as shown on the drawings.
FINISHING
FINISHING
[PROTECTION
DURING
CONSTRUCTION: Specify if necessary
the protection required. If weather
protection is not provided before floor
installation, specify protective coatings
of a polyurethane finish or alternative,
compatible with finish coating]
PROTECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
33
RECESSING NAIL HEADS: Recess all nail heads to a minimum depth of 3 mm

and maximum depth of 5 mm.
FILLING: Fill nail holes and cavities in boards with an approved proprietary wood
filler in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, matching the
flooring in colour.
SANDING: To AS CA 39-1963.
[SEALING: Specify the sealer and/or
undercoat required.]
SEALING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[MARKING: For sports floors, marking

under the top coat may be required.
Specify paint or method to be used.]
MARKING:
[TOP COATS: Specify the number and

type of top coats required.]
TOP COATS:
RESILIENT FLOORS
RESILIENT FLOORS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Suggested details and specifications

are included in NAFI Timber
Datafile SS3, TIMBER FLOORSCOMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL]
NEW SUBSECTlON432
SUBSECTION 432 DECKS--COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND MARINE
Refer NAFI Timber Datafile: SS4,

TIMBER DECKSCOMMERCIAL,
INDUSTRIAL AND MARINE.
FRAMING TIMBERS
FRAMING TIMBERS
[SPECIES: Specify individual or group
SPECIES:
requirements needed. Modify text if

only hardwood or softwood is
required]
Hardwood: Species to be Durability Class 1 or 2.
of
species
it
more
specific
Softwood: Preservative treated softwood to Level H3".
location.]
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Regardless of the durability class specified, treat

sapwood to Level H3 in accordance with the Timber Utilisation and Marketing
Act (Old), Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or AS 1604.
[MOISTURE CONTENT:
unseasoned.]
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Usually
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRANDING: Brand bearers and joists to identify stress grade and supplier.
[SlZE: Usually shown on Engineer's

Drawings, if not, can be specified
here.]
SIZE:
Bearers:
. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Joists: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[GAUGED" OR SIZED: Required
or not required.]
"GAUGED" OR "SIZED": . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SEALING: The top surface of

members supporting decking may be
coated with a coper naphthenate
emulsin to increase service life.]
SEALING:
Proprietary Item: Seal ends of all members immediately after sawing with
Mobilcer 'M Wax Emulsion" by Mobil Oil Australia Ltd.
34
Anti-Split End-Plating: Plate ends of members 250 x 75 mm or larger with pressed

or hammer-on nail plates equal to 50% of cross-sectional area.
DECKING
DECKING
[SPEClES: Specify individual or group

of species if more specific
requirements needed. Modify text if
only hardwood or softwood is
required.]
SPECIES:
Hardwood: Species to be Durability Class 1 or 2.
Softwood: Preservative treated softwood to Level H3.
location.]
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Regardless of the durability class specified, treat

sapwood to Level "H3" in accordance with the Timber Utilisation and Marketing
Act (Old), Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or AS 1604.
[MOISTURE CONTENT:
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Hardwood: 19 to 30 mm10-15%
>30 mmunseasoned
Softwood: up to 35 mm10-15%
>35 mmunseasoned
Limited quantities of thicker decking
are available seasoned, refer
suppliers]
[STRESS GRADE: Usually nominated
for thickness >30 mm, specify F5, F11
etc.]
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SURFACE FINISH: Specify upper

surface finish, e.g., sawn, dressed etc.
Note, sawn surfaces tend to weather
better.]
SURFACE FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[TOP EDGES: e.g. "PenciI rounded"

or "Arrised".]
TOP EDGES: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRANDING: All decking to be branded on the underside to identify stress grade

and Supplier.
[SlZE: Usually shown on Engineer's
here]
SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
FIXINGS FRAMING
FIXING FRAMING
[Usually shown on Engineer's

here.]
TYPES:
END SEALING:
Proprietary Item: Seal ends of all members immediately after sawing with
Mobilcer M Wax Emulsion by Mobil Oil Australia Ltd.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CORROSION PROTECTION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
SPACING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
FIXING DECKING BOARDS
04
FIXING DECKING BOARDS

TYPE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
FASTENERS:
Type: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spacing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Nail Heads: Driven flush or punched
3 to 5 mm.]
Nail Heads: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CORROSION PROTECTION: Fixings to be hot dip galvanised to AS 1650.

[BOARD SPACING: When using
unseasoned decking, advice should
be sought regarding recommended
spacing at time of fixing.]
BOARD SPACING: Lay boards to ensure that, when equilibrium moisture content
is reached, a minimum gap between boards of 6 mm and a maximum of IO mm
is provided.
35
FINISHING
FINISHING DECKING BOARDS
Refer NAFI Timber Datafile FM1,

EXTERIOR FINISHES FOR TIMBER.
For some heavy decks finishing may
not be necessary. Delete if not
required. Amend if alternative system
is selected.
HARDWOOD: Apply one coat of primer and one finishing coat all around, prior to
fixing.
[Proprietary
Item:
proprietary item.]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
SOFTWOOD: Apply one coat of water repellent preservative and one finishing
coat all around prior to fixing.
Nominate
FINISHING COATS: Apply finishing coat(s) as specified in the PAINTING Section.

MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE
RE-TIGHTENING: Immediately prior to completion of the Contract Period, all nails

and screws to be re-punched or driven flush with the decking surface and all
bolts, screws and the like, to be re-tightened.
IN SUBSECTION44O WALLS, BETWEEN THE PRESENT O4 8: 05
WALL SARKING
NEW
[WALL SARKING: Should be specified

for use under timber cladding which
does not provide a permanent
weatherproof seal including unpainted
or unsealed cladding or boards fixed
vertically or diagonally. Refer to
Datafile FP1, TIMBER EXTERNAL
CLADDING.]
WALL SARKING WOODWORK

LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MATERIAL: Vapour permeable breather type sarking to BS 4106 with spread of

flame index not greater than 5.
INSTALLATION: To AS 1904, Rule 7. Apply to outer face of external stud walls.
IN SUBSECTION440 WALLS, BETWEEN THE PRESENT 07 & 08

PRE-NAILED FRAMES
NEW
PRE-NAILED FRAMES WOODWORK
PRE-FABRICATION: To AS 1684 unless otherwise specified.
[PRE-FABRICATION: Some framing

systems may vary from AS 1684 or
State Framing Manuals. In such cases,
Engineer Certification should be
required.]
INSTALLATION: Check set out, locate and fix as detailed. Do not bend,
overstress, warp or otherwise damage.
ERECTION: Lift, erect and provide temporary bracing until permanent bracing is
completed.
BRACING: Unless otherwise specified to AS 1684.
[BRAClNG: For high wind areas, refer

BRACING WALLS-WOODWORK.]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.
IN SUBSECTION440 WALLS, BETWEEN THE PRESENT 08 8: O9

BRACING WALLS
[In high wind areas, specific wall

bracing systems will be required. See
also State Framing Manuals]
NEW
BRACING WALLS WOODWORK
STANDARD: To AS 1684 or State Timber Framing Manuals.

INSTALLATION: To Manufacturers Specification.
SPACING: All external walls to contain at least one bracing wall. Provide even
distribution of bracing walls throughout structure with maximum spacing between
to be 9 metres.
FIXING: Provide adequate fixing to floor and ceiling to transmit bracing forces.
[Proprietary Item: Specify type.]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IN SUBSECTION 440, WALLS

FIRE RATED WALL SYSTEM
FIRE RATED WALL SYSTEM WOODWORK

STANDARD: To AS 1530.4
LOCATION:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[F.R.L. Local Building Regulations will

aIl>P|Y-I
F.R.L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CSR, Boral, etc.]
36
SOUND RATED WALL SYSTEM
SOUND RATED WALL SYSTEM WOODWORK
LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[S.T.C. and l.I.C. RATINGS: Local
Building Regulations will apply.]
S.T.C. RATING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
l.l.C. RATING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

CSR, Boral, etc.]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
IN SUBSECTION 443 SHEETING AND LINING APPLICATIONS, BETWEEN PRESENT 02 and 03.
PLYWOOD CLADDING
NEW
PLYWOOD CLADDING WOODWORK
[LOCATION: Delete if adequately

shown on Drawings.]
LOCATION
[Proprietary Item: Nominate product.]
MATERIAL: Exterior Use plywood preservative treated to AS 1604.

Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .
GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[THICKN ESS: Refer manufacturers
specification]
THICKNESS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[FINISH QUALITY: e.g. sawn finish,

grooved, etc.]
FINISH QUALITY: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[INSTALLATlON:
Refer
to
manufacturers recommendations. If
used as cladding/bracing refer to
Plywood Association of Australia
recommendations]
INSTALLATION: Set out and fix to framing in accordance with manufacturers

recommendations.
NEW SUBSECTlON444
SUBSECTION 444 SHEARWALLS AND DIAPHRAGMS
SHEATHING MATERIAL
01
SHEATHING MATERIAL
Refer NAFI Timber Datafile: SS6,

TIMBER
SHEARWALLS
AND
DIAPHRAGMS
and
COMMERCIAL AND
STRUCTURES.
B1
TIMBER
INDUSTRIAL
MATERIAL: Unless otherwise specified, structural Plywood to AS 2269.

[THlCKNESS: Specify thickness
usually 7 mm minimum for commercial
work]
THICKNESS:
[GRADE: Specify Stress Grade of

Plywood e.g. F11.]
GRADE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SURFACE FINISH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Use
this paragraph if plywood is used as
exterior cladding.]
PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT: Treat plywood to level H3 in accordance with

AS 1604.
FIXINGS: Unless otherwise specified, 2.8 mm diameter hot dipped galvanised
flathead nails.
OVER DRIVING: D0 not overdrive nails. Where machine nailing is employed, fit
guns with stops to ensure nail heads finish flush with outside face of sheets.
BRANDING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
FRAMING
FRAMING
02
[If the relevant information is not
included on the Engineering Drawings,

provide here.]
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOISTURE CONTENT: . . . . . . . . . ..
SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPACING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EDGE SUPPORTS: Unless otherwise specified all sheet edges to be supported
on minimum timber thickness 45 mm
[FIXlNGS: Engineering requirements
may vary this figure.]
FIXINGS: Fix all straps, screws, framing anchors, nails and the like as specified
on Drawings. Sheathing to be nailed to all framing at 150 mm centres unless
otherwise specified.
[SlZED OR GAUGED": Specify if

required or not required.]
"SIZED" OR GUAGED": . . . . . . ..
NEW SUBSECTION 445
SI.I_B'SEGTION~ 4.45". PU,FII.INS AND GIRTS
Refer NAFI Timber Datafiles: P9,

TIMBER PRODUCTS and B1.
TIMBER
COMMERCIAL
AND
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES and
TRADAC
DESIGN
MANUALPURLINS AND GIRTS.
PURLINS
01
PURLINS
[TYPE: Specify type, e.g. sawn timber,

LVL or fabricated beams.]
TYPE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[STRESS GRADE: When sawn timber

is used, specify its stress grade. When
LVL, fabricated beams or glued
laminated timber is used. specify
manufacturer's working stresses]
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[APPEARANCE GRADE: Specify

"appearance grade" if required.]
APPEARANCE GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . ..
BRANDING: . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRE-FINISHING:
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[Proprietary Item: Specify type etc. e.g.

I" Beam and manufacturer]
GIRTS
[See notes for PURLINS above.]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
02
GI RTS
TYPE:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
STRESS GRADE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
APPEARANCE GRADE: . . . . . . . . . ..
SIZE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRE-FINISHING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
BRANDING: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
38
IN SUBSECTION450 ROOFS, CEILINGS, BETWEEN THE PRESENT 13 8: 14

CEILING DIAPHRAGMS
NEW
[For high wind areas or where large

open plans require structural ceiling
diaphragms to transfer loads to
bracing walls, they should be provided
for and designed by a Structural
Engineer. Also, see State Timber
Framing Manuals, e.g.,QueensIand
Timber Framing Manual W60, for
details.]
CEILING DIAPHRAGMS WOODWORK
REQUIREMENT: Provide structural ceiling diaphragms to details shown on the

Drawings.
[Suitable products include structural

plywood lining, plasterboard and
timber lining.]
[For diaphragm details, refer Datafile
SS6, TIMBER SHEARWALLS AND
DIAPHRAGMS]
IN SUBSECTION 450 ROOFS, CEILINGS
FIRE RATED CEILING SYSTEM
16
FIRE RATED CEILING SYSTEM WOODWORK

STANDARD: To AS 1530.4.
LOCATION:
[F.R.L.: Local Building Regulations will
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F.R.L.: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
applv-I
C.S.R., boral, etc.]
Proprietary Item: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IN SUBSECTION 600 FIXTURES AND FURNITURE

GLUED LAMINATED BENCH TOPS
18
GLUED LAMINATED BENCH TOPS WOODWORK

LOCATION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[TIMBER
SPECIES:
Refer
manufacturer or Timber Advisory
Service for availabiIity.]
TIMBER SPECIES: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[WIDTH AND THICKNESS: If not

shown on Drawings, specify.
WIDTH AND THICKNESS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

ADI-IESIVES: To AS 1328.
[SERVICE GRADE; Interior or

"Exterior". When used in wet or damp
areas, "Exterior" grade should be
specified.]
SERVICE GRADE: To AS 1328: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
FIXING: Fix to allow expansion and contraction due to moisture variations.

FINISHING: First coat to be applied all round, including end-grain and joints,
followed by two finishing coats.
Additions to NATSPEC Piling

U
THE FOLLOWING NEW SUBSECTIONS ARE FOR INSERTION IN

SECTION 215 PILING OF NATSPEC
SUBSECTION 220 TIMBER LAND PILING SYSTEM

Refer
NAFI Timber Datafile:
P4,
TIMBERDESIGN FOR DURABILITY.
[See Manufacturers specifications for

both softwood and hardwood land and
fresh water piles, e.g. Koppers (Aust)]
[AS 2870f"Residential Slabs and
Footings provides details for small
diameter piling appropriate to
domestic and light commercial
applications.]
SCOPE
01
OUTLINE DESCRIPTION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
[SCOPE; Define scope or show on

Drawings.]
STANDARDS
SCOPE
02
STANDARDS
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: The terms and names used herein, unless

specifically defined in DEFINlTlONSTlMBER LAND PILING SYSTEM, shall be
interpreted in accordance with the following:
AS 1604 Preservative treatment for sawn timber, veneer and plywood
AS 1605 Methods for the sampling and analysis of wood preservatives and
AS 1720 SAA Timber Structures Code
AS 2159 SAA Piling Code
AS 2209 Timber poles for overhead lines
AS 2543 Nomenclature of Australian timbers
AS 2870 Residential slabs and footingsAppendix H
AS O1 Australian Standard Terms used in Timber Standards and Amendments
TPAA-1784
DEFINITIONS
03
DEFINITIONS
SOUND KNOT: A knot which is solid across its face, and at least as hard as the
surrounding tissue and free from decay.
DRY SIDE: Strip of exposed dead wood bordered by callus, and formed following
an injury to the living tree.
PLUG SAMPLE: A core boring drilled out of the pile with a core borer of
minimum 15 mm diameter and to at least the full depth of the sapwood.
PEELING AND SHAVING: The mechanical removal of bark, discontinuities and
other irregularities to attain a more regular shape.
LIMBER SPECIES
O4
TIMBER SPECIES
[HARDWOOD: Other durability class

hardwoods may be suitable for some
pile applications where low or no
hazards exist. e.g. where the whole of
the pile is below the permanent water
tabIe.]
HARDWOOD: Durability Class 1 Species and Strength group S3 or better.
[SOFTWOOD: Nominate one of the

following species:
Pinus elliottii (slash pine), pinus radiata
(radiata pine) or pinus Caribbean
(Caribbean pine).]
SOFTWOOD:
40
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
QUALITY
QUALITY
[STANDARD: There is no standard that

adequately describes the grade of
piles. A grade description is therefore
provided.]
STANDARD: To AS 2209, Section 3 and Section 4 except as varied by this Clause.

GENERAL: Piles shall be cut from live timber, being approximately circular in
cross-section, having a continuous natural taper and cut from above the ground
swell. Piles to be sound, free from decay, insect damage, short crooks, all shakes,
splits and fractures at the butt and the toe except as provided below. Limbs to be
trimmed, shaved or peeled flush with the surface at the limb base. Leave surface
irregularities or lumps untrimmed. Remove bark and cut both ends square to the
longitudinal axis.
PERMITTED DEFECTS: Surface Gum and Resin Pockets, Rot Pockets and
Unsound Knots: Individual up to 20 mm in depth and not to exceed 7% of the
circumference of the pile in width. The aggregate width not to exceed 10% of
circumference in any 600 mm length of the pile.
Sapwood Damage: Permitted provided the minimum depth of sapwood is
maintained.
Surface Scars: Dressing out of surface scars is permitted provided the minimum
depth of sapwood is maintained.
Decay Pockets, Pipe and Heartrot: Not permitted at the toe or butt.
Dry Side: Not permitted.
Insect Attack: Active termite galleries are not permitted. Residual galleries to
20 mm diameter are permitted at the butt only.
Grub Holes: Up to 10 mm diameter provided that there are not more than 10
holes in any 300 mm square at the pile surface. From 10 to 25 mm diameter
holes are permitted provided they are spaced more than one metre apart. The
aggregate diameter of insect holes not to exceed 5% of the diameter of the pile
at any one cross-section.
Knots: Individually, sound knots are permitted with width up to 10% of pile
circumference. In aggregate at any cross-section up to 20% of pile circumference.
Checks: Permitted up to numerical rating 2 in accordance with AS 2209 Fig. 1.2.
End Splits: Permitted up to numerical rating 2 in accordance with AS 2209
Fig. 1.3.
Spiral Grain: Permitted at the pile surface up to a slope of 15%.
Stain: Permitted.
SAPWOOD THICKNESS: The minimum sapwood thickness after trimming, shaving
or peeling:
Hardwood: 16 mm.
Softwood: A minimum of two thirds of the radius of pile.
SURFACE CONDITION: Surface of piles to be dry and free of dirt, preservative
deposits and other extraneous matter.
SIZE AND SHAPE
SIZE AND SHAPE
DIAMETER: Not less than the diameter specified nor greater than the diameter
specified plus 50 mm, measured at the small end.
OVALITY: The least dimension of an oval pile to be not less than 80% of the
specified diameter at the toe or butt.
TAPER: Not less than 1 in 300 or more than 1 in 150.
STRAIGHTNESS: A straight line joining the centres of the butt and toe crosssection shall fall entirely within the pile.
Sweeps, Crooks and Kinks: Not to exceed the limits for select grade given in
Table 1.1 of AS 2209.
41
[PRESERVATIVE
At
present,
appropriate to the project location. For
some pile applications, untreated piles
of durability class 1 species may be
suitable]
PRESERVATIVE: Copper chrome arsenate formulations approved for in-ground

usage under the Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act (Old), Timber Marketing Act
(NSW) or AS 1604.
RETENTION AND PENETRATION: Regulation: The retention and penetration shall
comply with the requirements of the Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act (Old),
Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or AS 1604 as appropriate.
Charge Retention: The minimum charge retention, based on the estimated
treatable volume of the charge:
e Hardwood: Not less than 35 kg per cubic metre.
Softwood: Not less than 20 kg per cubic metre.
Retention in a Pile: The retention of preservative in any pile measured as the total
active elements expressed as a percentage of oven dry wood mass in the
analytical zone:
Hardwood: Not less than 0.7%.
i Softwood: Not less than 0.6%.
IDENTIFICATION: Have each pile marked, by an approved method, which will
enable identification of Supplier, charge date, charge number and the like at any
time.
INSPECTION:
Access: Provide access for inspecting, sampling, and testing any preservatives.
Analysis: On request, provide an analysis of any preservative solutions for the
piles.
[BRANDING: See Guide Note on

"ReguIation"]
BRANDING: indelibly brand in accordance with Timber Utilisation and Marketing

Act (Qld), Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or AS 1604. Brand piles on the butt.
TESTS FOR IMPREGNATION
[SAMPLING: For critical structures,

every pile may require to be sampled
and tested]
SAMPLING:
Requirement: Prior to delivery, conrm the penetration and retention of
preservative in a charge by chemical analysis of pile plugs.
Sample Plugs: Take 2 plugs at least 15 mm diameter, from opposite sides of each
pile located 1000 mm and 1500 mm from the butt. Tightly plug each hole with a
dry pine dowel treated with CCA preservative to not less than the specified pile
retention.
TESTING:
Testing Authority: A NATA or approved registered laboratory.
Test Method: To AS 1605.
Failed Tests: If one plug tails to meet the penetration or retention requirements,
then either:
all piles in that particular charge tested, and piles tailing to meet the
requirements retreated, or
all piles in that particular charge retreated.
NUMBER OF SAMPLES: The minimum sampling requirements are:
No. of piles
in a single charge
No. of piles
to be sampled
No. of pile
plugs taken
21 to 30
11 I0 20
1 I010
3
2
1
6
4
2
CERTlFlCATE:- Provide a certificate of treatment for each parcel of piles stating the
preservative used and the minimum retention achieved.
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
STORAGE: Support piles, held in storage, above the ground on decay resistant
skids.
PROTECTION: Protect piles from damage or distortion and prevent exposure to
destructive agents during the storage period.
PERSONNEL: Ensure all personnel handling preservatives and preservative
treated material are adequately protected in accordance with the Regulations.
42
PITCHING AND DRIVING
[PITCHING AND DRIVING: Delete.

amend or replace with specific needs
for contract or design requirements if
text unsuitable.]
[STANDARD:
AS
2159large
installations, AS 2870 Appendix H
small instaIlations.]
STANDARD:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
INSTALLATION: Handle, pitch and drive the piles at the positions, and to the
levels shown on the Drawings.
PRE-BORING: Piles may be pre-bored if in coffee rock and jetted or driven.
SET AND LEVEL OF PENETRATION: Drive piles to the set and minimum level of
penetration nominated on the Drawings or by the Superintendent.
Unachieved Set: Continue driving any pile which fails to reach the required set at
the specified depth, until the required set is reached.
Cost: If, in the opinion of the Superintendent, failure to reach the required set is
due to factors within the control of the Contractor, extra costs of further driving, or
removal and replacement with a longer pile will be at the Contractor's expense.
RINGS, TAPER CUTTING AND STEEL SHOES: Mild steel rings to top of piles
and/or taper cutting and steel shoes to toe of piles is permitted.
DAMAGED PILES: Take precautions to protect the head of the pile during driving.
When directed, withdraw and replace any pile split or damaged during driving.
[DRIVING TOLERANCES:
tolerances are:
Alignment:
diameter.
Typical
+ or 20/o of pile
DRIVING TOLERANCES: Drive piles to the following tolerances:

Alignment:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Level: + or 10 mm.
Level:
Verticality: Up to 5 degrees from plumb

or specified rake]
Verticality: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OUTSIDE TOLERANCES: Withdraw and replace piles driven outside the specified
tolerances. Piles may be re-driven if not damaged.
[SPLlClNG: For pile lengths in excess
of 12 m, splicing may be required.
SPLICING: As shown on Drawings.
TRIMMING OF PILES
TRIMMING OF PILES
REQUIREMENT: After driving, trim the heads of piles to the level shown on
Drawings. If the head of the pile exhibits splits after trimming, the pile will be
deemed unsatisfactory and be replaced.
PROTECTIVE COATING: After cutting and trimming, coat the ends of piles with a
6 mm layer of copper napthenate emulsion.
SUBSECTION 221 TIMBER MARINE PILING SYSTEM
Refer NAFI
Timber
Datafile:
P4,
TlMBERDESlGN FOR DURABILITY.
[See Manufacturers specifications for

both softwood and hardwood land and
fresh water piles, e.g. Koppers (Aust).]
[This specification is relevant for heavy
wharf structures. For lighter structures
such as small boat marinas, treated
softwood piling would also be suitable]
SCOPE
SCOPE
[SCOPE: Define scope or show on

Drawings]
OUTLINE DESCRIPTION: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
43
STANDARDS
STANDARDS
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: The terms and names used herein, unless

specifically defined in DEFINiTlONST|MBER LAND PILING SYSTEM, shall be
interpreted in accordance with the following:
AS 1143 High temperature creosote for the preservation of timber
AS 1604 Preservative treatment for sawn timber, veneer and plywood
AS 1605 Methods for the sampling and analysis of wood preservatives and
AS 1720 SAA Timber Structures Code
AS 2159 SAA Piling Code
AS 2209 Timber poles for overhead lines
AS 2543 Nomenclature of Australian timbers

AS O1
Australian Standard Terms used in Timber Standards and Amendments
TPAA-1784
DEFINITIONS
DEFINITIONS
SOUND KNOT: A knot which is solid across its face, and at least as hard as the
surrounding tissue and free from decay.
DRY SIDE: Strip of exposed deadwood bordered by callous, and formed following
an injury to the living tree.
PLUG SAMPLE: A core boring drilled out of the pile with a core borer of
minimum 15 mm diameter and to at least the full depth of the sapwood.
PEELING AND SHAVING: The mechanical removal of bark, discontinuities and
other irregularities to attain a more regular shape.
TIMBER SPECIES
TIMBER SPECIES
[Hardwoods have been the traditional

species used in Australia, however,
treated plantation softwoods, i.e., slash
pine and radiata pine are also suitable
as they have wide sapwood bands that
can be adequately treated with CCA
and P.E.C. This Subsection has not
been formulated for softwood. If
softwood is to be used consult the
Timber Advisory Services for
assistance.]
[HARDWOOD: Species with larger
sapwood zones (e.g. spotted gum)
which facilitate deep penetration of
chemical preservatives are preferred.
If a specific species is to be nominated,
delete the text and specify the timber
species to be used]
HARDWOOD: All hardwood species listed in Appendix A: AS 2209-1979 are

acceptable.
QUALITY
QUALITY
STANDARD: To AS 2209, Section 3 and Section 4 except as varied by this Clause.

GENERAL: Piles shall be cut from live timber, being approximately circular in
cross-section, having a continuous natural taper and cut from above the ground
swell. Piles to be sound, free from decay, insect damage, short crooks, all shakes,
splits and fractures at the butt and the toe except as provided below. Limbs to be
trimmed, shaved or peeled flush with the surface at the limb base. Leave surface
irregularities or lumps untrimmed. Remove bark and cut both ends square to the
longitudinal axis.
PERMITTED DEFECTS:
Surface Gum and Resin Pockets, Rot Pockets and Unsound Knots: Individual up
to 20 mm in depth and not to exceed 7% of the circumference of the pile in
width. The aggregate width not to exceed 10/o of circumference in any 600 mm
length of the pile.
Sapwood Damage: Permitted provided the minimum depth of sapwood is
maintained.
Surface Scars: Dressing out of surface scars is permitted provided the minimum
depth of sapwood is maintained.
Decay Pockets, Pipe and Heart rot: Not permitted at the toe or butt.
44
Dry Side: Not permitted.

Insect Attack: Active termite galleries are not permitted. Residual galleries to
20 mm diameter are permitted at the butt only.
Grub Holes: Up to 10 mm diameter provided that there are not more than 10
holes in any 300 mm square at the pile surface. From 10 to 25 mm diameter
holes are permitted provided they are spaced more than one metre apart. The
aggregate diameter of insect holes not to exceed 5% of the diameter of the pile
at any one cross~section.
Knots: Individually, sound knots are permitted with width up to 10% of pile
circumference. In aggregate at any cross-section up to 20% of pile circumference.
Checks: Permitted up to numerical rating 2 in accordance with AS 2209
Fig. 1.2.
End Splits: Permitted up to numerical rating 2 in accordance with AS 2209

Fig. 1.3.
Spiral Grain: Permitted at the pile surface up to a slope of 15%.
Stain: Permitted.
SAPWOOD THICKNESS: The minimum sapwood thickness after trimming, shaving
or peeling shall be 16 mm.
SURFACE CONDITION: Surface of piles to be dry and free of dirt, preservative
deposits and other extraneous matter.
SIZE AND SHAPE
SIZE AND SHAPE
DIAMETER: Not less than the diameter specified nor greater than the diameter
specified plus 50 mm, measured at the small end.
OVALITY: The least dimension of an oval pile to be not less than 80% of the
specified diameter at the toe or butt.
TAPER: Not less than 1 in 300 or more than 1 in 150.
STRAIGHTNESS: A straight line joining the centres of the butt and toe crosssection shall fall entirely within the pile.
Sweeps, Crooks and Kinks: Not to exceed the limits for select grade given in
Table 1.1 of AS 2209.
[For some applications untreated

species such as turpentine and satinay
have provided satisfactory services,
particularly where bark is left intact.]
TREATMENT DESCRIPTION: The treatment process to be completed in two

stages. The piles treated in this two stage process are commonly called "double
treated" piles. The first treatment to be with CCA preservative. After a drying
period, the piles are then subjected to a second treatment with P.E.C.
preservative.
PRESERVATIVE TYPES:
[CCA Preservatives: At present,

appropriate to the project location.]
CCA Preservatives: Copper chromate arsenate formulations to the Timber

Utilisation and Marketing Act (Old), Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or AS 1604.
P.E.C. Preservatives: Pigment Emulsified Creosote containing 64 + or 2/om/m

creosote as specified in AS 1143.
RETENTION AND PENETRATION:
Regulation: The retention and penetration shall comply with the requirements of
the Timber Utilisation and Marketing Act (Old), Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or
AS 1604 as appropriate.
Minimum Charge Retention:
CCA 30 kg/m3.
P.E.C. Full sapwood penetration, with the exception of refractory species such
as spotted gum, to be to a minimum depth of 16 mm or 75% of sapwood
thickness whichever is the greater. Within the penetrated zone the preservative
to be distributed reasonably evenly having regard to the radial distribution
pattern normal in round timber.
IDENTIFICATION: Have each pile marked, by an approved method, which will
enable identification of Supplier, charge date, charge number and the like at any
time.
45
INSPECTION:
Access: Provide access for inspecting, sampling, and testing any preservatives.
Analysis: On request, provide an analysis of any preservative solutions for the
piles.
"PRESERVATIVE"].
BRANDING: indelibly brand in accordance with Timber Utilisation and Marketing

Act (Qld), Timber Marketing Act (NSW) or AS 1604. Brand piles on the butt.
[BRANDING: See Guide Note on
SAMPLING:
Requirement: Prior to delivery, confirm the penetration and retention of

preservative in a charge by chemical analysis of pile plugs.
Sample Plugs for CCA Testing: Take 2 plugs from 3 piles in every charge at least
15 mm diameter, from opposite sides of each pile located 1000 mm from the toe
end. The plug to be taken at least 5 mm past the true wood boundary. Tightly
plug each hole with a dry pine dowel treated with CCA preservative to not less
than the specified pile retention.
Sample Plugs for P.E.C. Testing: Take one plug from every pile in each charge at
least 15 mm diameter, from opposite sides of each pile located 1000 mm from the
toe end. The plug to be taken at least 5 mm past the true wood boundary. Tightly
plug each hole with a dry pine dowel treated with both CCA and P.E.C.
preservative to not less than the specified pile retention.
TESTING:
Testing Authority: A NATA or approved registered laboratory.
Penetration and Distribution Testing: At the treatment plant, all plugs to be split
along the grain and inspected for compliance with this Specification by the
appropriate method described in AS 1605 Section 3. Submit all plugs, which meet
the requirements, to a NATA testing laboratory. All plugs to be rechecked at the
laboratory to confirm compliance with the Specification.
Retention Testing: All plugs shall be assayed for compliance with the Specification
except where P.E.C. retention has been confirmed by weighing at the treatment
plant. The analytical zone for all plugs is the outer 15 mm of the sapwood.
Plug Analysis:
- For CCA treatment, the two plugs from each pile to be analysed as a
composite.
For the P.E.C. treatment, each plug to be analysed individually.
Acceptable Criteria: Only piles which meet all requirements of this specification to
be accepted. Rejected piles may be retreated where practical and retested.
CERTIFICATE: Provide the NATA or other approved registered laboratory report to
the Superintendent detailing the test results and confirming compliance with the
Specification. Make this report also available at the mill or treatment plant for
inspection prior to the despatch of the piles.
ON-SITE INSPECTION: Provide sufficient notice so that every pile may be
inspected on the site by the Superintendent prior to being driven.
REMOVAL: Remove all unbranded piles, or piles unfit for use from the site within
24 hours of being instructed to do so.
PROTECTION
PROTECTION
STORAGE: Support piles, held in storage, above the ground on decay resistant
skids.
PROTECTION: Protect piles from damage or distortion and prevent exposure to
destructive agents during the storage period.
PERSONNEL: Ensure all personnel handling preservatives and preservative
treated material are adequately protected in accordance with the Regulations.
46
10
[PITCHING AND DRIVING: Delete,

amend or replace with specific needs
for contract or design requirements if
text unsuitable. Note in particular
requirements for set".]

STANDARD: To AS 2159.
INSTALLATION: Handle, pitch and drive the piles at the positions, and to the
levels shown on the Drawings.
PRE-BORING: Piles may be pre-bored if in coffee rock and jetted or driven.
SET AND LEVEL OF PENETRATION: Drive piles to the set and minimum level of
penetration nominated on the Drawings or by the Superintendent.
Average Set per Blow: On last 4 blows, using 1.3 tonne hammer dropping 2400 mm,
shall not exceed 12 mm.
Unachieved Set: Continue driving any pile which fails to reach the required set at
the specified depth, until the required set is reached.
Cost: If, in the opinion of the Superintendent, failure to reach the required set is
due to factors within the control of the Contractor, extra costs of further driving, or
removal and replacement with a longer pile will be at the Contractor's expense.
RINGS, TAPER CUTTING AND STEEL SHOES: Mild steel rings to top of piles
and/or taper cutting and steel shoes to toe of piles is permitted.
DAMAGED PILES: Take precautions to protect the head of the pile during driving.
When directed, withdraw and replace any pile split or damaged during driving.
OUT OF POSITION: Withdraw and replace piles driven out of position, when
pulling the head into place causes a rake of greater than 1:25. Piles may be redriven if not damaged.
[SPLICING: For pile lengths in excess

of 12 m, splicing may be required.
TRIMMING OF PILES
SPLICING: As shown on Drawings
11
TRIMMING OF PILES
REQUIREMENT: After driving, trim the heads of piles to the level shown on
Drawings. If the head of the pile exhibits splits after trimming, the pile will be
deemed unsatisfactory and be replaced.
PROTECTIVE COATING: After cutting and trimming, coat the ends of piles with a
6 mm layer of copper napthenate emulsion.
[CAPPING: Delete if not required.]
CAPPING: Cap piles to the details shown on the Drawings.

HEADSTOCKS: Where piles are notched for headstocks, coat the interface with a
3 mm thickness of copper napthenate emulsion prior to jointing.
FENDER PILES: If the head of a fender pile is satisfactory, fit toothed type antisplitting plates to prevent splitting. Apply plates overlapping each other and
covering the whole of the head of the pile, the plates to be 1.9 mm thick and hot
dip galvanised mild steel.
PAINTING OF FENDER PILES
12
PAINTING OF FENDER PILES
REQUIREMENT: After trimming, paint the trimmed heads of the fender piles with
the following paint system using premium quality paints in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations:
1st Coat: Primer
2nd Coat: Undercoat
3rd Coat: Full Gloss Solvent-Borne Exterior
4th Coat: Full Gloss Solvent-Borne Exterior
STOPPING: After priming, stop holes, cracks and the like with an approved filler.
BRAND NAME: Submit the brands and manufacturer's name to the
Superintendent for approval prior to ordering paints.
PAINT DELIVERY: Have paint brought to the site of painting in labelled and
unopened containers.
47
TIMER IDATAFILE SP1]
Successful projects result from good design and clear specifications
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT THE FOLLOWING:

Forest Products Association (WA),
1 (09) 822 2088
103 Colin Street, West Perth, WA 6005
NSW Timber Advisory Council,
(02) 871 1722
27 Oratava Avenue, West Pennant Hills, NSW 2120
Plywood Association of Australia,
(07) 8541228
3 Dunlop Street, Newstead. Qld 4006
Radiata Pine Association of Australia,
(02) 891 2788
10 Pitt Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150
Tasmanian Timber Promotion Board,
(008) 81 8077
68 York Street, Launceston, Tas 7250
Timber and Building Materials Association (NSW) Limited,
(02) 880 8088
13-29 Nichols Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010
Timber Development Association NSW Ltd,
(02) 899 1888
525 Elizabeth Street, South, Sydney NSW 2012
Timber Development Association of SA,
(08) 297 0044
113 Anzac Highway, Ashford, SA 5035
Timber Merchants Association of Victoria,
(08) 877 2000
180-184 Whitehorse Road, Blackburn, Vic 3130
Timber Promotion Council of Victoria,
(08) 847 8822
932 Swanston Street, Carlton, Vic 3053
Timber Research and Development Advisory Council of Queensland (Timber Facts),
5 Dunlop Street, Newstead. Qld 4006 PH: (07) 852 1344
FAX 1
(09) 481 1019

FAX 1 (02) 872 5585
FAX (07) 252 4788
FAX (02) 885 8888
FAX (008) 81 1879
FAX: (02) 880 8484
FAX 1 (02) 899 8088
FAX 1 (08) 297 2772
FAX (08) 877 8888
FAX: (08) 847 1228
FAX:
(07) 252 2807
TIMBER . . ENVIRONMENTALLY THE ONLY CHOICE

FOR BUILDING AUSTRALIAS FUTURE
48
PRINTED 11/89

NAFI Datafile SP1 (1989) - Timber Specifications

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Using This Datafile

Standards And Quality Assurance

Fire-Rated Wall System

Sheeting and Lining Applications

Timber Land Piling System

COVER PHOTO: Successful specifications

NAFI AUGUST 1989

This datafile provides guidance to professional

All timber specifications tend to use general

Specifications which describe the timber elements

Using This Datafile

The other factor which affects the terminology

One Line Specification

100 x 38 mm F14 HWD top rail

A\\ .\\\ 7/In i\\\\

10 mm Q HDG cup head bolt______).=_=

75 x 50 mm F14 HWD support

"' ,-,. .- //4, .-

B8 x 19 mm select HWD decking

(A steel --w" bracket with 2/12 mm if

TYPICAL SPECIFICATION ON DRAWINGS

ONE LINE SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES

Examples of Key Words

Cladding, flooring, rafters, beam, joist, hand rail, etc.

Width (mm) x Thickness (mm) x (Length) (mm or m). Length is

Species or Species Group

Douglas Fir (Oregon), Hardwood (Hwd), Spotted Gum 1

Sawn, dressed, sized, gauged, D.A.R., reeded finish,

Tongue and Grooved (T & G), End Matched (E.M.),

Treated, Untreated, H1, H2, H3, H4, etc.

Durability Class 1, 2, 3, etc.

F14, F8, F7, F5, etc.

Clear, Select, Utility, Standard, etc.

e.g., density between 600 kg/m3 and 700 kg/m3.

Fixed with 2/75 x 3.15 mm diameter galvanised nails

One flood coat W.R.P

Class 2 or better while in Melbourne it would result

The text contained

It is the intention of the NATSPEC authors to revise

hardwood", unseasoned, F14, sawn, Durability

timber product or system specifications

The notes which describe the product or system

~ a table of suitable species

a schedule of timber sizes

Standards and Quality

It is intended that this Datafile be used in

ADDITIONS TO NATSPEC WOODWORK

is an interim document to be used until the new

Sections are released by NATSPEC.

standard is inadequate, a descriptive specification

is provided. Performance specifications have not

Modifications to NATSPEC Woodwork

THE FOLLOWING SUBSECTIONS AND/OR CLAUSES ARE PRESENTLY IN

REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: The following standards are referred to in this

[Refer NAFI Timber Datafile SP2,

Code oi Recommended Practice for the laying of parquetry flooring

Soft lead sheet and strip

Performance of timber window assemblies

PVAC emulsion adhesives for wood