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    Soil Improvement

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    Atta Ul Mohsin
    This document discusses various techniques for improving soil properties, including compaction, vibroflotation, precompression using sand drains, soil stabilization with admixtures, using stone columns and granular trenches, dynamic compaction, and geosynthetics. The key goals of soil improvement are to reduce settlement, increase bearing capacity, improve shear strength, and reduce shrinkage/swelling. Compaction is commonly used to densify soils in place using drums, tires, or vibratory rollers. Vibroflotation involves sinking a vibrating unit into the soil while adding granular material from the top to densify loose layers. Sand drains accelerate consolidation of soft clays by providing drainage pathways for excess pore

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    Soil Improvement

    Uploaded by

    Atta Ul Mohsin
    250 views7 pages
    This document discusses various techniques for improving soil properties, including compaction, vibroflotation, precompression using sand drains, soil stabilization with admixtures, using stone columns and granular trenches, dynamic compaction, and geosynthetics. The key goals of soil improvement are to reduce settlement, increase bearing capacity, improve shear strength, and reduce shrinkage/swelling. Compaction is commonly used to densify soils in place using drums, tires, or vibratory rollers. Vibroflotation involves sinking a vibrating unit into the soil while adding granular material from the top to densify loose layers. Sand drains accelerate consolidation of soft clays by providing drainage pathways for excess pore

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    Soil Classification

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    This document discusses various techniques for improving soil properties, including compaction, vibroflotation, precompression using sand drains, soil stabilization with admixtures, using stone columns and granular trenches, dynamic compaction, and geosynthetics. The key goals of soil improvement are to reduce settlement, increase bearing capacity, improve shear strength, and reduce shrinkage/swelling. Compaction is commonly used to densify soils in place using drums, tires, or vibratory rollers. Vibroflotation involves sinking a vibrating unit into the soil while adding granular material from the top to densify loose layers. Sand drains accelerate consolidation of soft clays by providing drainage pathways for excess pore

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    250 views7 pages

    Soil Improvement

    Uploaded by

    Atta Ul Mohsin
    This document discusses various techniques for improving soil properties, including compaction, vibroflotation, precompression using sand drains, soil stabilization with admixtures, using stone columns and granular trenches, dynamic compaction, and geosynthetics. The key goals of soil improvement are to reduce settlement, increase bearing capacity, improve shear strength, and reduce shrinkage/swelling. Compaction is commonly used to densify soils in place using drums, tires, or vibratory rollers. Vibroflotation involves sinking a vibrating unit into the soil while adding granular material from the top to densify loose layers. Sand drains accelerate consolidation of soft clays by providing drainage pathways for excess pore

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 7

    SOIL

    IMPROVEMENT
    Assistant Professor
    Berrak TEYMUR

    Introduction
    The existing soil at a construction site may not
    always be totally suitable for supporting
    structures. Various techniques for improving soil
    are used to:

    Reduce the settlement of structures


    Improve the shear strength of soil and thus increase
    the bearing capacity of shallow foundations
    Increase the factor of safety against possible slope
    failure of embankments and earth dams
    Reduce the shrinkage and swelling of soils

    Introduction
    Compaction
    Field Compaction: Ordinary compaction in the field is
    done by rollers.
    Types:
    Smooth wheel rollers (or smooth drum rollers)
    Pneumatic rubber-tired rollers
    Sheepsfoot rollers
    Vibratory rollers

    Soil compaction characteristics & recommended


    compaction equipment

    Vibroflotation
    The process involves the use of a vibroflot (called the
    vibrating unit), which is about 2m in length.
    Compaction process:

    The jet at the bottom of the vibroflot is turned on and the


    vibroflot is lowered into the ground.
    The water jet creates a quick condition in the soil, which
    allows the vibrating unit to sink.
    Granular material is poured into the top of the hole. The
    water from the lower jet is transferred to the jet at the top of
    the vibrating unit. This water carries the granular material
    down the hole.
    The vibrating unit is gradually raised in about 0.3m lifts
    and held vibrating for about 30 seconds at a time. This
    process compacts the soil to the desired unit weight.

    Precompression
    When highly compressible, normally consolidated
    clayey soil layers lie at a limited depth and large
    consolidation settlements are expected as a result of
    the construction, precompression of soil may be used
    to minimise post-construction settlement.

    Sand Drains

    The use of sand drains is another way to accelerate the


    consolidation settlement of soft, normally consolidated
    clay layers and achieve precompression before
    foundation construction.
    Sand drains are constructed by drilling holes through
    the clay layers in the field at regular intervals. The holes
    are then backfilled with highly permeable sand.
    After backfilling the drill holes with sand, a surcharge
    is applied at the ground surface.
    This surcharge will increase the pore water pressure in
    the clay.
    The excess pore water pressure in the clay will be
    dissipated by drainage, both vertically and radially to
    the sand drains which accelerates settlement of the clay
    layer.

    Soil Stabilisation by Admixtures

    Admixtures are used to stabilise soils in the field


    especially fine-grained soils. The most common
    admixtures are lime, cement and lime-fly ash. The
    main purposes of soil stabilisation are to

    a) modify the soil,


    b) accelerate construction and
    c) improve the strength and durability of the soil.

    Lime Stabilisation
    Cement Stabilisation
    Fly Ash Stabilisation

    Stone Columns

    Foundations on Granular Trenches

    To increase the load-bearing capacity of shallow


    foundations on soft clay layers, stone columns are
    used.
    When the width of a foundation is relatively small
    and is constructed over soft clay soil, to prevent it
    from undergoing undesirable settlement and to
    increase its allowable bearing capacity, it can be
    constructed over granular (sand) trenches made in
    the soft clay.

    Dynamic Compaction

    This process involves dropping a heavy weight


    repeatedly on the ground at regular intervals. The
    degree of compaction achieved depends on the

    weight of the hammer


    height of hammer drop
    spacing of locations at which the hammer is dropped

    Geosynthetics

    Are:
    Geotextiles
    Geomembranes
    Geogrids
    Geonets
    Geocomposites
    Major Functions:
    Separation
    Reinforcement
    Filtration
    Drainage
    Moisture barrier

    Use of geosynthetics

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