Inglaterra: Anthem: Various

INGLATERRA
Anthem: Various
Predominantly "God Save the King/Queen"
Location of England (dark green)

in Europe (green & dark grey)
in the United Kingdom (green)
Status
Country
Capital
and largest city
London
5130N 07W
National language
English
Regional languages
Cornish
Ethnic groups(2011)
85.4% White$50,566
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[3][4][5] It shares

land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest
of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental
Europeby the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country
covers much of the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain, which lies in
the North Atlantic; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and
the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper
Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who
settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th
century, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a
significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world.[6] The English language,
the Anglican Church, and English law the basis for the common law legal systems of
many other countries around the world developed in England, and the
country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations.
[7]
The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the
world's first industrialised nation.[8]
England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern
England. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake
District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoorand
the Cotswolds). The capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the
United Kingdom and the European Union.[nb 1] England's population of over 53 million
comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around
London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East,
and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.[9]
The Kingdom of Englandwhich after 1535 included Walesceased being a
separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when theActs of Union put into effect the terms
agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with
the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.[10][11] In 1801, Great Britain
was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United
Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.
Contents
[hide]
1Toponymy
2History
o
2.1Prehistory and antiquity
2.2Middle Ages
2.3Early Modern
2.4Late Modern and contemporary
3Governance
o
3.1Politics
3.2Law
3.3Regions, counties, and districts
4Geography
o
4.1Landscape and rivers
4.2Climate
4.3Major conurbations
5Economy
o
5.1Science and technology
5.2Transport
6Healthcare
7Demography
o
7.1Population
7.2Language
7.3Religion
8Education
9Culture
o
9.1Architecture
9.2Folklore
9.3Cuisine
9.4Visual arts
9.5Literature, poetry and philosophy
9.6Performing arts
9.7Cinema
9.8Museums, libraries, and galleries
10Sports
11National symbols
12See also
13Notes
14References
o
14.1Bibliography
15External links
Toponymy
See also: Toponymy of England
The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land
of the Angles".[12] The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain
during the Early Middle Ages. The Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of
Kiel area of the Baltic Sea.[13] The earliest recorded use of the term, as "Engla londe", is in
the late ninth century translation into Old English of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the
English People. The term was then used in a different sense to the modern one, meaning
"the land inhabited by the English", and it included English people in what is now southeast Scotland but was then part of the English kingdom of Northumbria. TheAnglo-Saxon
Chronicle recorded that the Domesday Book of 1086 covered the whole of England,
meaning the English kingdom, but a few years later the Chronicle stated that King Malcolm
III went "out of Scotlande into Lothian in Englaland", thus using it in the more ancient
sense.[14] According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its modern spelling was first used in
1538.[15]
The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work
by Tacitus, Germania, in which the Latin word Anglii is used.[16] The etymology of the tribal
name itself is disputed by scholars; it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of
the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape.[17] How and why a term derived from the name of a
tribe that was less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the
entire country and its people is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of
calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons.[18] In Scottish
Gaelic, another language which developed on the island of Great Britain, the Saxon tribe
gave their name to the word for England (Sasunn);[19] similarly, the Welsh name for the
English language is "Saesneg".
An alternative name for England is Albion. The name Albion originally referred to the entire
island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in
theAristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo:[20] "Beyond the Pillars of
Hercules is the ocean that flows round the earth. In it are two very large islands called
Britannia; these are Albion and Ierne".[20][21] But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De
Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, i.e. it was written later in the GraecoRoman period or afterwards. The word Albion () or insula Albionum has two
possible origins. It either derives from a cognate of the Latin albus meaning white, a
reference to the white cliffs of Dover, the only part of Britain visible from the European
Continent,[22] or from the phrase the "island of the Albiones"[23] in the now lost Massaliote
Periplus, that is attested through Avienus' Ora Maritima[24] to which the former presumably
served as a source. Albion is now applied to England in a more poetic capacity.[25] Another
romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, and
made popular by its use in Arthurian legend.

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INGLATERRA

Location of England (dark green)

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[3][4][5] It shares

2.1Prehistory and antiquity

2.4Late Modern and contemporary

3.3Regions, counties, and districts

4.1Landscape and rivers

5.1Science and technology

9.5Literature, poetry and philosophy

9.8Museums, libraries, and galleries

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