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    Crystalliztion Equipment

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    Chem.Engg
    MSMPR crystallizers are widely used in the chemical process industries for continuous crystallization. They allow for continuous introduction of a feed solution which is mixed with the crystallizer contents and maintained in suspension. Crystals are continuously removed such that the fractions and particle size distribution match the removed slurry. Common MSMPR types include forced-circulation, draft tube, and draft tube-baffle crystallizers, with the latter two able to circulate larger slurry volumes at lower supersaturation levels. Key operating principles include controlling supersaturation, maintaining adequate slurry density, and minimizing secondary nucleation and solids buildup.

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    Crystalliztion Equipment

    Uploaded by

    Chem.Engg
    242 views1 page
    MSMPR crystallizers are widely used in the chemical process industries for continuous crystallization. They allow for continuous introduction of a feed solution which is mixed with the crystallizer contents and maintained in suspension. Crystals are continuously removed such that the fractions and particle size distribution match the removed slurry. Common MSMPR types include forced-circulation, draft tube, and draft tube-baffle crystallizers, with the latter two able to circulate larger slurry volumes at lower supersaturation levels. Key operating principles include controlling supersaturation, maintaining adequate slurry density, and minimizing secondary nucleation and solids buildup.

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    MSMPR crystallizers are widely used in the chemical process industries for continuous crystallization. They allow for continuous introduction of a feed solution which is mixed with the crystallizer contents and maintained in suspension. Crystals are continuously removed such that the fractions and particle size distribution match the removed slurry. Common MSMPR types include forced-circulation, draft tube, and draft tube-baffle crystallizers, with the latter two able to circulate larger slurry volumes at lower supersaturation levels. Key operating principles include controlling supersaturation, maintaining adequate slurry density, and minimizing secondary nucleation and solids buildup.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    242 views1 page

    Crystalliztion Equipment

    Uploaded by

    Chem.Engg
    MSMPR crystallizers are widely used in the chemical process industries for continuous crystallization. They allow for continuous introduction of a feed solution which is mixed with the crystallizer contents and maintained in suspension. Crystals are continuously removed such that the fractions and particle size distribution match the removed slurry. Common MSMPR types include forced-circulation, draft tube, and draft tube-baffle crystallizers, with the latter two able to circulate larger slurry volumes at lower supersaturation levels. Key operating principles include controlling supersaturation, maintaining adequate slurry density, and minimizing secondary nucleation and solids buildup.

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    of 1

    MSMPR Crystallization equipment

    Department Editor: Scott Jenkins

    rystallization is a key purification technique


    for various sectors of the chemical process
    industries (CPI). Several approaches for
    industrial crystallization have evolved over time
    and highly specialized crystallizer designs have
    been developed, especially in long-established
    industries. Solution crystallization is an important unit operation because the
    process can generate high-purity
    Recirculation
    products from solutions containpipe
    ing significant levels of impurities
    with relatively low energy input.
    One scheme for classifying
    this equipment is according to
    Steam
    the method used to suspend the
    inlet
    growing crystals. In this scheme,
    a class of equipment known as
    Heat
    exchanger
    mixed-suspension, mixed-product-removal (MSMPR) crystallizers is most important for the CPI. Condensate

    MSMPR

    Cooling
    water inlet

    Non-condensable
    gas outlet

    Cooling
    water

    Air
    ejector

    Barometric
    condenser

    Body

    Barometric
    condenser
    Boiling
    surface

    Body

    Draft
    tube

    Slurry

    Skirt baffle

    Settling
    zone

    Circulating
    pipe

    Source for
    diagrams:
    Perrys Chemical
    Engineers'
    Handbook,
    Swenson Process
    Equipment

    Swirl breaker
    Circulating pipe

    Elutriation leg

    Heating element
    Expansion
    joint

    Feed
    inlet

    Product
    discharge

    Clarified
    mother
    liquor
    Settler

    Propeller

    outlet

    Circulation
    pipe

    Propeller
    drive

    Steam
    Product
    discharge

    MSMPR crystallizers, also


    Feed
    inlet
    known as magma-circulation
    Condensate
    crystallizers, have found
    widespread application in the
    Forced-circulation (evaporative) crystallizer
    Draft-tube-baffle (DTB) crystallizer
    CPI for continuous crystallization. In this configuration, a feed
    solution is continuously introduced
    against which the circulator must pump.
    supersaturation by the deposition of solute.
    into the crystallizer, which is equipped with
    Internal circulators reduce the power input and
    Crystallizers should operate with a minimum
    a mechanism to create supersaturation. An
    circulator tip speed, and thereby reduce the
    10 wt.% suspended crystals (slurry density)
    agitation device allows mixing of the feed
    rate of nucleation, which is influenced signifi Contact the supersaturated liquor quickly with
    with the contents of the crystallizer and also
    cantly by mechanical circulation. The DTB is an
    crystals to avoid losses due to time decay
    maintains a uniform suspension in the mother
    example (diagram, right). In this type, a large,
    Destroy excess nuclei via fines destruction
    liquor inside the crystallizer. A stream of slurry
    slow-moving propeller is surrounded by a draft
    configurations. Seeding the crystallizer with
    is continuously removed from the crystallizer in
    tube within the body that directs the slurry to
    fines will lower crystal size
    such a way that the fractions of solid particles
    the liquid surface to prevent solids from short Minimize secondary nucleation by keeping
    and the particle size distribution in the slurry
    circuiting the zone of most intense supersaturamechanical energy input and crystal attrition
    inside the equipment equals that of the slurry
    tion. Slurry that has been cooled is returned
    as low as possible
    removed from the crystallizer.
    to the bottom of the vessel and recirculated
    Maintain high slurry densities. In general,
    through
    the
    propeller,
    where
    heated
    solution
    is
    Examples
    high densities can produce larger average
    mixed with the recirculating slurry. A finescrystal size as long as crystal attrition is not
    Among the group of MSMPR-type crystallizers,
    destruction feature is common, where a heating
    a negative influence
    some of the most common are the forced-circuelement is used to raise the temperature of the
    Minimize solids buildup by eliminating locallation (FC), draft-tube (DT) and draft-tube-baffle
    solution removed from a settler to destroy the
    ized heat- and mass-transfer gradients
    (DTB) crystallizers.
    small crystalline particles that are withdrawn.
    Ensure adequate velocities and operation
    The baffle can be omitted in cases where fines
    at low temperature gradients across heatForced-circulation crystallizers
    destruction is not needed or wanted.
    exchange equipment
    This type of MSMPR crystallizer consists of a
    In DT and DTB crystallizers, the circula Avoid fluctuations in operating conditions,
    body through which a slurry of growing crystion rate is generally much greater than that
    such as vacuum, residence time and contals flows, and a tube-and-shell heat exchanger,
    achieved in a forced circulation device. Therecentrations. Employ wash nozzles at liquid
    which increases temperatures without vaporizafore, DT and DTB crystallizers are applied
    interfaces
    tion (diagram, left). Heated slurry returns to the
    when it is necessary to circulate large quanti Provide a chemical environment (impurities
    body via a recirculation line, where it mixes
    ties of slurry and minimize supersaturation
    and additives) that favors the desired crystal
    with the body slurry and raises the temperature
    levels within the equipment. These types are
    shape, purity and size distribution
    locally, near the point of entry. During the concommonly used in the production of granular
    Maintain longer crystal retention times,
    sequent cooling and vaporization to achieve
    materials, such as ammonium sulfate, potaswhich can result in less liquor occlusions in
    equilibrium between liquid and vapor, the
    sium chloride and other inorganic and organic
    the crystals
    supersaturation created causes deposits on the
    crystals for which product in the range of 8 to
    Keep the feed to the crystallizer slightly
    swirling body of suspended crystals until they
    30 mesh is required.
    unsaturated
    leave again through the circulating pipe. The
    lower limit for economic continuous operation
    Operating Principles
    References
    of forced-circulation crystallizers is 14 ton/d
    1. Sutradhar, B.C. Coping with Crystallization Problems.
    of crystals, and the upper limit for a single
    Basic good-operating principles for solution
    Chem. Eng., March 2004, pp. 4652.
    vessel is 100300 ton/d of crystals. Units in
    crystallization apply regardless of what type
    2. S
     chweitzer, P.A. Handbook of Separation Techniques
    parallel can reach higher capacities.
    for Chemical Engineers, 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, New
    of crystallization equipment is used. The followYork, 1997.
    ing represent some of these concepts:
    3. Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 7th ed.
    DTB and DT evaporator-crystallizers
    Control the level of supersaturation to ensure
    McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997.
    A number of designs have been developed
    low nucleation rates
    4. Couper, James. Chemical Process Equipment:
    with circulators located within the body of
    Maintain an adequate slurry density to
    Selection and Design, Gulf Professional Publishing,
    the crystallizer in an effort to reduce the head
    provide sufficient surface area to relieve
    Houston, 2010.

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