1. The amount of achieved output per unit of input is called___________________.

c. Productivity
a. Utilization
b. Efficiency
d. None of the above

2. Quality ____________ refers to any planned and systematic activity directed towards providing
consumers with products (goods and services) of appropriate quality, along with the confidence
that products meet consumers requirement
a. Assurance
c. Maintenance
b. Control
d. Approval
3. Quality initiatives focused initially on reducing defects and errors in products and services
through the use of ___________.
a. Efficient Planning
c. Ideas Revision
b. Qualified HR
d. Measurement and Statistical Tools
4. Quality is a race without ______.
a. Training
b. Finish Line

c. Communicating
d. Producing

5. Future challenges which influence quality will be__________________.

a. Knowledge Focus
c. Both a & b
b. Bulk Manufacturing
d. None of the above
6. Quality can be defined as ___________________.
a. Perfection
b. Consistency

c. Waste Elimination
d. All of the above

7. Excellence is __________ and standard of excellence can vary among individuals.

a. Absolute
c. Abstract
b. Relative
d. Sequential
8. A product must be __________ to be considered a quality product by consumers.
a. Beautiful
c. Cheap
b. Expensive
d. Compact
9. Quality can be defined as_________________________________________________________.
a. Measure of anonymous with superiority or excellence.
b. Features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy needs.
c. How well the product performs its non-intended function.
d. Amount of divergence from usefulness or satisfaction to price.

10. _________ is a total system approach and an integral part of high-level strategy.
c. TQ
a. QA
b. QC
d. CDQ
11. Quality of products and services is directly influenced by _____ Ms.
a. Nine
c. Eight
b. Ten
d. Five
12. ________ Improvement refers to both incremental changes, which are small and gradual, and
breakthrough, or large and rapid, improvements.
a. Abrupt
c. Relative
b. Discontinuous
d. Continuous
13. Which of the following is not included in 3Cs of Quality Management
a. Co-operation
c. Customer
b. Communication
d. Competition
14. Customer relationship management and Leadership and strategic planning are two basic elements
of _____________________.
a. Quality Control
c. Total Quality
d. Infrastructure
b. Function Flow

15. Organizations must apply total quality at __________ levels.

a. Two
c. Four
b. Three
d. Five
16. ______ helps businesses and organizations to be efficient and improve customer satisfaction.
a. ISO 9001
c. ISO 10303
b. ISO 9002
d. None of the above
17. TQM _______ specify what the objectives relating to quality or meeting customer needs
should be.
a. Does
c. Sometimes
b. Doesnt
d. Should
18. Which of the following statement is wrong:a. ISO 9001 is based on the idea of continual improvement.
b. ISO 9001 needs to reflect changes in order to remain relevant.
c. ISO 9001 is suitable for middle size organizations.
d. All of the above

19. ISO 9001:2015 now follows the same overall structure as _______________________.
a. Any level structure
c. Medium level structure
b. Low level structure
d. High level structure
20. ISO usually have a _________ year transition period.
a. One
b. Two

c. Three
d. Four

21. ISO _________ contains many of the terms and definitions used in ISO 9001.
a. 9000
c. 9003
b. 9002
d. 9004

22. ISO _________ provides guidance on how to achieve sustained success with your quality
management system.
a. 9000
c. 9003
b. 9002
d. 9004

23. ISO _________ gives guidance for performing both internal and external audits to ISO 9001.
a. 19010
c. 19012
b. 19011
d. 19013

24. ISO Standards are revised after _______ years to keep it current and relevant for the marketplace.
a. Three
c. Five
b. Four
d. six
25. Successful management relies on a ___________ perspective which is one of the most important
elements of total quality.
a. Surrounding
c. Output
b. Operations
d. System
26. The PSQCA is now acting as National _____________________ for Pakistan.
c. Equity Point
a. Entry Point
b. Enquiry Point
d. Escape Point
27. PSQCA is a member of ____________.
a. ISO
b. ICE

c. OILM
d. All of above

28. The Demings concept focuses on continual improvements in product and service quality by
____________ uncertainty and variability in design, manufacturing and service processes.
a. Increasing
c. Reducing
b. Uniform
d. None of the above
29. A System of Profound Knowledge was introduced by __________________________.
a. Kaizen
c. Taylor
b. Juran
d. Deming
30. Deming never gave managers any ______ for achieving quality.
a. Solution
c. Assumption
b. Question
d. All of above
31. Quality planning, Quality control and Quality improvement are essential elements of _________.
a. Deming Philosophy
c. Kaizen Philosophy
b. Juran Philosophy
d. Taylor Philosophy
32. ______ is all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that
an entity will fulfill requirements for quality.
a. TQ
c. QC
b. QP
d. QA
33. ISO 90001 is a _________ standard.
a. QA
b. QC

c. TQ
d. None of the above

34. ______ is a process for maintaining standards.

a. QC
b. CQC

c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

35. Planning + ________ = Quality Assurance

a. Execution
b. Quality Control

c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

36. Quality Circles are _______ groups of employees who work on similar tasks or share an area of
responsibility.
a. Selected
c. Mature
b. Qualified
d. Voluntary
37. Japanese experience indicated that ________ of the problems in the workshop can be solved
through 7 QC Tools
a. 93%
c. 95%
b. 94%
d. 96%

38. ___________________________ are formed where there is a specific problem whose solution is
unlikely to reside in a single department and which is large enough to justify the establishment of
a team to resolve problem.
a. Quality Planning Team
c. Quality Control Team
b. Quality Assurance Team
d. Quality Improvement Team
39. Quality Improvement Teams (QIT) are _____________________________.
a. Inter-Departmental
c. Both a & b
b. Intra-Departmental
d. None of the above
40. Quality Improvement Teams (QIT) are _____________________________.
c. Can vary
a. Permanent
b. Temporary
d. None of the above
41. Management and Planning Tools include ___________________________.
a. Scatter Diagram
c. Arrow Diagram
b. Matrix Diagram
d. Both b & c
42. Continuous Improvement Tools include ____________________________.
a. Control Charts
c. Histograms
b. Check Sheets
d. All of the above
43. Adequate Training is ________________ for Quality Improvement Teams (QIT).
a. Necessary
c. Depend upon the situation
b. Not Necessary
d. None of the above
44. Post-it Clustering is which of the Management & Planning Tools technique?
a. Affinity Diagram
c. Tree Diagram
b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID)
d. Matrix Diagrams

45. The tool that displays all the interrelated cause-and-effect relationships and factors involved in a
complex problem and describes desired outcomes is______________________________.
a. Affinity Diagram
c. Tree Diagram
b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID)
d. Matrix Diagrams
46. ______________________ is used to break down broad categories into finer and finer levels of
detail.
a. Affinity Diagram
c. Tree Diagram
b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID)
d. Matrix Diagrams

47. ______________________ is used to prioritize items and describe them in terms of weighted
criteria.
a. Affinity Diagram
c. Tree Diagram
d. Prioritization Matrix
b. Interrelationship Digraphs (ID)
48. Forms that can be used to systematically collect data are called ________________________.
a. Check Sheets
c. Cause and Effect Diagrams
b. Pareto Diagrams
d. Scatter Diagrams

49. ________________________ is a vertical bar chart in which the bars are arranged in the
descending order of their height starting from the left and prioritize the problems or issues.
a. Check Sheets
c. Cause and Effect Diagrams
b. Pareto Diagrams
d. Scatter Diagrams

50. Cause and Effect Diagram is also called ________________________.

c. Both a & b
a. Ishikawa Diagram
d. None of the above
b. Fishbone Diagram

51. Tool used for comparison when we have paired numerical data available is _________________.
a. Check Sheets
c. Cause and Effect Diagrams
b. Pareto Diagrams
d. Scatter Diagrams

52. _________________are used for finding the variation in a process and to know when a process
changes.
a. Histogram
c. Fishbone Diagram
b. Control Charts
d. None of the above

53. Changes over time are not taken into account in _________________.
a. Histogram
c. Both a & b
b. Control Charts
d. None of the above

54. Products are _________________.

a. Intangible Offerings
b. Tangible Offerings

c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

55. Services are _________________.

a. Intangible Offerings
b. Tangible Offerings

c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

56. The process of defining all of the companys product characteristics is called ________________.
a. Product Design
c. Both a & b
b. Process Selection
d. None of the above

57. The development of the process necessary to produce the designed product is called
________________.
a. Product Design
c. Both a & b
b. Process Selection
d. None of the above

58. Idea development for a product begins with an idea from ________________.
a. Customers
c. Suppliers
b. Competitors
d. Any of the above

59. The ease with which the product can be made contributes towards ________________.
a. Product Quality
c. Customer Satisfaction
b. Product Cost
d. Overall Manufacturability

60. Last stage of product life cycle is ________________.

a. Introduction
b. Growth

c. Maturity
d. Decline

61. Processes used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements in lower
volumes are ________________.
a. Intermittent Process
c. Both a & b
b. Repetitive process
d. None of the above

62. Processes used to produce one or a few standardized products in high volume are
________________.
a. Intermittent Process
c. Both a & b
b. Repetitive process
d. None of the above

63. A measure of how well a company used its resources is called ________________.
a. Process Velocity
c. Utilization
b. Productivity
d. Efficiency

64. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a methodology used to ensure that customers'
requirements are met throughout ____________________.
a. the product design process
c. Both a & b
b. in the design and operation of
d. None of the above
production systems

65. QFD is both a philosophy and set of ____________ tools that focuses on customer requirements:a. Planning and Communication
c. Manufacturing and Marketing
b. Design and Manufacturing
d. None of the above

66. A major benefit of QFD is ____________________ among all constituencies in the production
process:a. Improved Quality
c. Improved Technical Characteristics
d. Reduced Cost
b. Improved Communications and
Teamwork
67. The customer requirements, expressed in their own terms, are appropriately called __________.
a. Customer Requirements
c. Voice of the Customer
b. Customer Demand
d. None of the above

68. The ___________ relates customer attributes to technical features to ensure that any engineering
decision has a basis in meeting a customer need.
a. House of Quality
c. Design of Experiments
b. Analysis of Variance
d. None of the above

69. _____________________________ translates technical features of the final product into design
requirements for critical components.
a. Technical Features Deployment
c. Both a & b
Matrix
d. None of the above
b. Customer Requirement Planning
Matrix
70. _____________________________translate component features into critical process and product
parameters and control points for each.
a. Quality Function Deployment
c. Both a & b
b. Process Plan and Quality Control
d. None of the above
Charts
71. _____________________________ identify operations to be performed by plant personnel to
assure that important process and product parameters are achieved.
a. Standing Operating Procedures
c. Operating instructions
(SOPs)
d. None of the above
b. Quality Guidelines

72. The focus of ___________________ is translating customer requirements into the appropriate
technical requirements for each stage of product development and production.
a. Quality Function Deployment
c. Technical Features Deployment
b. Customer Requirement Planning
Matrix
Matrix
d. None of the above

73. _________________ seeks to find and eliminate causes of defects and errors in manufacturing
and service processes.
c. Six Sigma
a. House of Quality
b. Analysis of Variance
d. None of the above

74. Six Sigma is based on a statistical measure that equates to _______ or fewer errors or defects per
million opportunities (dpmo).
a. 3.4
c. 4.4
b. 2.4
d. None of the above

75. Defects Per Opportunity (DPO) is the probability of units produced with ________defects by the
process.
a. 20
c. 10
b. Zero
d. None of the above

76. As the sigma quality level increases, the DPMO _____________ and the Rolled Throughput
Yield (RTY) increases.
a. Increases
c. Decreases
b. Remains Constant
d. None of the above

77. ___________________________is the probability that a single unit can pass through a series of
process steps free of defects.
a. Rolled Throughput Yield
c. First Pass Yield
b. Throughput Yield
d. None of the above

78. ____________________________is used to perfect product and processes before use or release.
a. Design for Manufacturing
c. Design for Assembly
b. Design for Six Sigma
d. None of the above

79. ___________________ refers to a data-driven improvement tool used for Six Sigma projects for
improving, optimizing and stabilizing business processes and designs.
a. DMADV
c. DMAIC
b. DFSS
d. None of the above

80. ________________________is the term used to describe the set of statistical tools used by
quality professionals.
a. Quality Control
c. Statistical Quality Control
b. Quality Assurance
d. None of the above

81. Control charts for ____________are used to monitor characteristics that have discrete values and
can be counted.
a. Attributes
c. Both a & b
b. Variables
d. None of the above

82. The errors for which one can conclude that there are assignable causes of variation when only
normal variation exists are known as _______________.
a. Type I Errors
c. Alpha Risks ()
b. Type II Errors
d. Both a & c

83. _______________ are used to monitor the dispersion or variability of the process.
a. R Charts
c. P-Charts
b. X-Bar Charts
d. C-Charts

84. _______________ are used to monitor the changes in the mean of a process (central tendencies).
a. R Charts
c. P-Charts
b. X-Bar Charts
d. C-Charts

85. __________________ are used to measure the proportion of items in a sample that are defective.
a. R Charts
c. P-Charts
b. X-Bar Charts
d. C-Charts

86. __________________ are used for discrete defects when there can be more than one defect per
unit.
a. R Charts
c. P-Charts
d. C-Charts
b. X-Bar Charts

87. __________________ coined the term Six-Sigma to describe their higher quality efforts back in
1980s.
a. Motorola
c. Honda
b. Toyota
d. None of the above

88. _____________________ refers to the process of randomly inspecting a certain number of items
from a lot or batch in order to decide whether to accept or reject the entire batch.
a. Descriptive statistics
c. Acceptance Sampling
b. Statistical Process Control (SPC)
d. None of the above

89. _____________________ are best used for in-process production.

a. Control Charts
c. Both a & b
b. Acceptance Sampling
d. None of the above

90. _____________________ is best used for inbound and outbound materials.

c. Both a & b
a. Control Charts
b. Acceptance Sampling
d. None of the above