PRESCRIBED YEAR ABROAD ESSAY TOPICS

NB This list of year abroad essay titles and bibliographical recommendations has been
carefully compiled to provide you with a wide range of viable topics which will ensure
equity for you in accessing materials and completing the coursework in reasonably
comparable conditions. The expectation is therefore that you will select your titles from
this list. Exceptionally, and only in special circumstances, you may suggest and have
approved by Dr Fouto as Assessment Sub Board Chair, an alternative essay title. In that
case, it is up to the student to justify the reasons for submitting an alternative title, and to
take the initiative in researching the feasibility of completing it; the title, bibliography
and a brief outline must have been approved by the Assessment Sub Board Chair.
Half Year Department Assessment (independent study / UFRJ 2015/16) allocated to
module 5AASY027 Portfolio of 2, 2,000 word essays in English.

For students spending the first semester only in a Portuguese speaking country
(UFRJ 2015/16):
-

For students spending the second semester only in a Portuguese speaking country:
-

The two essay questions that you have chosen to answer should be sent to Dr
Fouto catarina.fouto@kcl.ac.uk cc. to splas@kcl.ac.uk by Tuesday 10
November for approval. The submission deadline for these essays will be
January 2016 the exact date will appear on the KEATS module area.

The two essay questions that you have chosen to answer should be sent to Dr
Fouto catarina.fouto@kcl.ac.uk cc. to splas@kcl.ac.uk by Friday 29 January
2016 for approval. The submission deadline for these essays will be May
2016 - the exact date will appear on the KEATS module area.

If you would like to propose your own essay title, please contact Dr Catarina
Fouto as Assessment Sub Board Chair

1. Choose ONE figure or phenomenon of the cultural scene of the Brazilian

state in which you are living and assess his/her/its contribution to the life
of the country.
2. Making use of visits to art galleries as well as printed and/or online
materials, give an account of ONE major artist or artistic movement in
nineteenth- or twentieth-century Brazil.
19th Century Brazilian art
Carlos Roberto Maciel Levys BIBLIOGRAFIA: Pintura Brasileira do Sculo
XIX at: http://www.artedata.com/crml/pubdig/fhab0101.htm
Modern Brazilian Art:
There is a useful link to sites on Brazilian artists and art collections at:
http://www.universes-in-universe.de//america/bra/english.htm
D Battistoni Filho, Iniciao s artes plsticas no Brasil- 1990 - Papirus
Editora Ana Maria de Moraes Belluzzo, Modernidade: vanguardas artisticas
na America Latina. Sao Paulo: Memorial : UNESP, 1990. 319pp
Oriana Baddeley and Valerie Fraser, Drawing the line: art and cultural
identity in contemporary Latin America (Verso, 1989)
AA Amaral, Artes plsticas ne Semana de 22: subsdios para uma histria
da renovao das artes no Brasil- 1972 - Editra Perspectiva
CT da Costa, Arte no Brasil 1950-2000: movimentos e meios- 2004 Alameda

3. Assess the contribution of ONE film-maker to an understanding of

Brazilian society, with detailed reference to one or more films you have
seen.
Bernardet, Jean Claude, Cinema e Historia do Brasil / Jean-Claude Bernardet
e Alcides Freire Ramos. [Sao Paulo]: Editora Contexto: Editora da
Universidade de Sao Paulo, 1988.
Randal Johnson and Robert Stam, editors, Brazilian Cinema, Expanded ed.,
Morningside ed. New York: Columbia University Press, c1995.
Lisa Shaw and Stephanie Dennison, Brazilian National Cinema (Routledge,
2007)
Lcia Nagib, O cinema da retomada depoimentos de 90 cineastas dos anos
90 (The Renaissance of Brazilian Cinema Interviews with 90 Filmmakers
of the 90s). So Paulo, Editora 34, 2002, 528 pp.

 Lcia Nagib, The New Brazilian Cinema. London/New York, I.B. Tauris,
2003.
Randal Johnson, Cinema Novo x 5: Masters of Contemporary Brazilian Film
1st ed. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1984.
Alex Viany, Introducao ao Cinema Brasileiro [Rio de Janeiro]: Alhambra :
Embrafilme, 1987.
Xavier, Ismail, Alegorias do Subdesenvolvimento: Cinema Novo,
Tropicalismo, Cinema Marginal 1. ed. Sao Paulo, SP: Editora Brasiliense,
1993.
4. Assess the aims and activities of ONE NGO (non-governmental
organisation) active in the city of Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo, Salvador or
Belo Horizonte.
See the following websites:
http://www.guiademidia.com.br/ongs.htm
http://lab.org.uk
Maria do Carmo Albuquerque Carvalho, Participao social no Brasil
hoje, http://www.dhnet.org.br/w3/fsmrn/fsm2002/participacao_polis.html
Adilson Cabral, Rompendo Fronteiras: a Comunicao das Ongs editora:
Achiam, 1996

5. Critically compare the contributions of any TWO of the following writers

to the image of the Brazilian serto, making detailed reference to AT
LEAST ONE volume of prose or poetry for each: Guimares Rosa,
Graciliano Ramos, Rachel de Queirz, Joo Cabral de Melo Neto.
Regionalismo, literatura e o serto
Joo Guimares Rosa, Grande Serto: Veredas
Graciliano Ramos, Vidas Secas
Rachel de Queirz, O Quinze
Joo Cabral de Melo Neto, Quaderna, A Educao pela pedra, Morte e Vida
Severina
Walnice Nogueira Galvo, Metamorfoses do serto, Revista Estudos
Avanados., Dec. 2004, vol.18, no.52, p.375-394. ISSN 0103-4014.
(download at: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ea/v18n52/a24v1852.pdf or
http://www.revistas.usp.br/eav/article/view/10042
Ligia Chiappini, DO BECO AO BELO: dez teses sobre o regionalismo na
literatura, http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/ojs/index.php/reh/article/view/1989
Janana Amado, Regio, serto, nao,
http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/ojs/index.php/reh/article/viewFile/1990/1129

 Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Jr., A Inveno do Nordeste e outras artes

(So Paulo: Cortez, 1999)
Eduardo Portella et al., O Romance de 30 no nordeste (Fortaleza: PROED,
1983)
6. Compare the profile of candombl and the igrejas evanglicas in the
everyday, public life of Salvador.

LEHMANN David, Struggle for the spirit : religious transformation and

popular culture in brazil and latin america (Polity, 1996)
BASTIDE, Roger. As Religies Africanas no Brasil: Contribuies a uma
Sociologia das Interpretaes de Civilizaes. So Paulo: Pioneira, 3 ed.
1989.
BRAGA, Jlio Santana. Na Gamela do Feitio: represso e resistncia no
Candombl da Bahia. Salvador: CEAO/EDUFBA, 1995.
CARMO, Joo C. O que candombl. So Paulo: Brasiliense, 1987. 84p.
Coleo Primeiros Passos, 200)
HARDING, Rachel A Refuge in Thunder: Candomble and Alternative Spaces
of Blackness (Indiana University Press, 2000)
NASCIMENTO, Abdias do. Orixs: os deuses vivos da frica. Rio de
Janeiro: IPEADRO/Afrodistica, 1995. 170p.
ORTIZ, Renato 1988. Morte branca de um feiticeiro negro: umbanda e
sociedade brasileira, So Paulo: Brasiliense.
VERGER, Pierre. Orixs, deuses iorubs na frica e no novo mundo.
Salvador: Ed. Corrupio/Crculo do Livro, 1981.
Websites:
http://www.portalafro.com.br/

7. Evaluate the cultural importance of popular festivals in Rio de Janeiro, So

Paulo, Bahia or Minas Gerais
William Rowe & Vivian Schelling, Memory and modernity: popular culture
in Latin America (Verso, 1991)
Alison Raphael, From Popular Culture to Microenterprise: The History of
Brazilian Samba Schools, Latin American Music Review / Revista de
Msica Latinoamericana Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring - Summer, 1990), pp. 73-83
Elizabeth Kiddy. Blacks of the Rosary in Memory and History in Minas
Gerais Brazil (Penn State: 2005)

 Suzel Ana Reily, To remember captivity: the Congados of Southern Minas

Gerais, Latin American Music Review No.1 (2001), 4-30. (PDF copy
available from DT)
AZZI, Riolando 1976. O catolicismo popular no Brasil. Vozes:Petrpolis
ARAUJO, Ubaritan Castro de (ed.) 1999. Salvador era Assim- memrias da
Cidade CEAO: Salvador
CARVALHO, Carlos Alberto de 1915.Tradioes e Milagres do Bonfim,
Typographica Bahiana: Salvador.
GUIMARES, Eduardo Alfredo Morais 1994 Religiao Popular, festa e o
Sagrado, Dissertao de Mestrado UFBA
QUERINO, Manuel 1955. A Bahia de Outrora, Librara Progresso: Salvador
LODY , Raul 1981 Devoao e culto a Nossa Senhora de Boa Morte:
pesquisa Scio-religiosa. Altiva Grfica e Editora :Rio de Janeiro.
NASCIMENTO, Luiz Claudio Dias do 1999. Candombl e Irmandade da
Boa Morte Fundaao Maria Cruz,Cachoeira, BA
TAVARES, Odorico 1964. Bahia, Imagens da terra e do Povo Editora
Civilizao Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro
VERGER, Pierre 1980. Orixs. Ed. Corrupio: Salvador.
8. Examine the role played by culture in a social movement of your choice, e.g.
the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST); the Afro-Brazilian
movement; favela movements; Fome Zero; Street Children projects.
Sarah de Carvalho.The Street Children of Brazil: One Womans Remarkable
Story (1996).
Walter De Oliveira. Working with Children on the Streets of Brazil: Politics
and Practice (2000)
Tobias Hecht. At Home in the Street: Street Children of Norrtheast Brazil
(1998)
Cesar Augusto Rossatto `Social Transformation and Popular Schooling in
Brazil. (street children and illiterate adults receive alternative schooling):
Childhood Education (Digital Jul 28,2005) Html.
Michel Duquette. Collective Action and Radicalism in Brazil: Women,Urban
Housing and Rural Movements (2005)
Anthony Swift. Children for Social Change: Education for Citizenship of
Street and Working Children in Brazil (The Educational Heretics Series)
(1997)
Emily Gustafsson-Wright `Gender dimensions fo child labor and street
children in Brazil (2002).
Jeanette Lukasse. A Cry from the Streets Rescuing Brazils Forgotten
Children (International Adventures) 2002.
R. Mickelson. Children on the Streets of the Americas: Globalization,
Homelessness and Education in the United States, Brazil, and Cuba (2000)

 Rachel E. Harding. A Refuge in Thunder: Candombl and Alternative Spaces

of Blackness (2003).
Frances OGorman. Down to earth: 101 women from rural areas of Brazil
tell their struggle to stay on the land (1987)
James Petras and Henry Veltmeyer. Social Movements and State Power:
Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador (2005).
S Branford, J Rocha, Cutting the Wire: The Story of the Landless Movement
in Brazil- 2002 - Latin America Bureau
Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, Arturo Escobar, Cultures of
Politics/Politics of Cultures: Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements
(Westview Press, 1998)
9. In the period since the military dictatorship, how has womens participation
in Brazilian society and politics changed?
Sonia E. Alvarez. Engendering democracy in Brazil: Womens Movements in
Transition Politics (1990)
Jone Edith Hahner. Women in Brazil (The Brazilian curriculum guide
specialized bibliography) 1998.
Frances OGorman. Down to earth: 101 women from rural areas of Brazil tell
their struggle to stay on the land (1987)
Carol Ann Drogusand Hannah W. Stewart-Gambino. Activist Faith: Grassroots
Women in Democratic Brazil and Chile (2005)
Daphne Patai. Brazilian Women Speak: Contemporary Life Stories (1988)
Kia Lilly Caldwell. Negras in Brazil Re-envisioning Black Women, Citizenship,
and the Politics of Identity (2007)
Michel Duquette,Maurilo Galdino, and Charmain Levy. Collective Action and
Radicalism in Brazil: Women, Urban Housing and Rural Movements (Studies in
Comparative Political Economy and Public Policy (2005).

10. Discuss the variety and complexity of the representation of women in the
theatre of Gil Vicente (Auto da ndia, Auto da Sibila Cassandra, Pranto de
Maria Parda, Auto da Barca do Inferno, Don Duardos). You should discuss
aspects such as the construction of gender; the idealization of the female
body; female codes of conduct; female enclosure (convent life, life in the
palace); women as social margins (prostitution).
Bernardes, Jos Cardoso, Stira e Lirismo no Teatro de Gil Vicente (Lisbon:
Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, 2006)
Brilhante, Maria Joo, Jos Cames e Helena Reis Silva (eds.), Gil Vicente 500
anos depois (Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda, 2003)

 David-Peyre, Yvonne, 1990. Maria Parda, tmoin de son temps, Arquivos do

Centro Cultural Portugus
Garay, Ren, Gil Vicente and the Development of the Comedie (Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina, 1988)
Hart, Thomas, Gil Vicente: Casandra and Don Duardos. Critical Guides to
Spanish Texts 29 (London: Grant and Cutler with Tamesis, 1981)
Osrio, Jorge Alves, 'Solteiras e casadas em Gil Vicente', in Pennsula, Revista de
Estudos Ibricos 2 (2005), 113-36.
Stathatos, Constantine, 1998. A Gil Vicente Bibliography, 1975-1995: With a
Supplement for 1940-1975. Lehigh University.
Stathatos, Constantine, 1980. A Gil Vicente Bibliography 1940-1975. Grant &
Cutler Ltd.
11. Explore the themes of homosexual desire and homoeroticism in the fiction of
S-Carneiro in relation to modernist approaches to self-identity and aesthetic
expression.
De Marchis, Gregorio, 'Mrio de S-Carneiro: Modernism Achieved by Means of
Wrong Beauty' in Dix, Steffen and Jernimo Pizarro (eds.), Portuguese
Modernisms: Multiple Perspectives on Literature and the Visual Arts (London:
Legenda, 2011), 42 54.
Azevedo Filho, Leodegrio A. de, Mrio de S-Carneiro e a teoria do duplo. In
Anais da Semana de Estudos S-Carneiro, ed. Llia Parreira Duarte (RJ, 1994),
107 117.
Butler, Judith, 1990. Gender Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.
London: Routledge.
Duarte, Llia Parreira. A Confisso de Lcio e a ironia romntica. In Anais da
Semana de Estudos S-Carneiro, ed. Llia Parreira Duarte (RJ, 1994), 99 106.
Pereira, Edgard. A Confisso de Lcio: o narrador no espelho. Anais da Semana
de Estudos S-Carneiro, ed. Llia Parreira Duarte (RJ, 1994), 119 - 123.
Martins, Fernando Cabral, O Modernismo em Mrio de S-Carneiro (Lisbon:
Editorial Estampa, 1994)
Quadros, Antnio (ed.), Mrio de S-Carneiro: Cartas Escolhidas, 2 vols
(Lisbon: Europa-Amrica, 1990)
S-Carneiro, Mrio de, Princpio, A Confisso de Lcio, Cu em Fogo (any
editions).
Sapega, Ellen, 1993. Para uma aproximao feminista do
modernismoPortugus, Discursos Femininos 5: 67-79.
Segdwick, Eve Kosofsky (1985), Between Men. New York: Columbia
Saraiva, Arnaldo (ed.), Cartas de Mrio de S-Carneiro a Luiz de
Montalvor/Cndida Ramos/Alfredo Guisado/Jos Pacheco (Lisbon: Limiar, 1977)
Sasportes, Jos, Histria da Dana em Portugal (Lisbon: Fundao Calouste
Gulbenkian, 1970)

 Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 1985. Between Men: English Literature and Male
Homossocial Desire. New York: Columbia University Press.
----, 1990. Epistemology of the closet. Berkeley: Los Angeles: University of
California Press.
Various, 'Mrio de S-Carneiro a cem anos do seu nascimento', Colquio/Letras,
117-118 (Set.-Dez. 1990)
Wilde, Oscar, Salom (any edition)
Woll, Dieter. Decifrando A Confisso de Lcio. In Estudos em Homenagem ao
Prof. Vitorino Nemsio (1971), 425 437.
12. Discuss the following statement: One of the internal senses connected with
sight is the imagination or imaginatio, a concept we find in the Portuguese
textual matter of Africa as informing both the writing of Africa and, in
Camess case, the creation of a memory or collective, mental archive of
history that is gradually chartered in Os Lusadas. (Josiah Blackmore,
Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa: 93)
Blackmore, Josiah. 2002. Africa and the Epic Imagination of Cames,
Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies 9 (2002): 107-115.
Blackmore, Josiah, 2009. Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of
Africa. Minneapolis-London, Minnesota University Press.
Boxer, Charles, 1969. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire. New York: Alfred
Knopf.
Clark, Stuart, 2007. Visions of the Eye : Vision in Early Modern European
Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ferronha, Antnio Lus (ed.), 1991. O confront do olhar: o encontro dos povos na
poca das navegaes portuguesas, seculos XV e XVI: Portugal, frica, sia,
Amrica. Lisbon: Caminho
Fonseca, Lus Ado da, 1995. Prologue: The Discovery of Atlantic Space, in
Winnius, George (ed.), Portugal: The Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval
toward the Modern World ca. 1300-ca. 1600. Madison:Hispanic Seminary of
Medieval Sudies
Gil, Fernando & Helder Macedo, 1998. Viagens do Olhar: retrospeco, viso e
profecia no renascimento portugus. Oporto: Campo das Letras.
Monteiro, Nuno G., and Antnio Costa Pinto. Cultural Myths and Portuguese National
Identity, in Contemporary Portugal: Politics, Society and Culture, ed. Antnio Costa
Pinto (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), 55 72.
Nicolopoulos, James, 2000. The Poetics of Empire in the Indies: Prophecy and

Imitation in La Araucana and Os Lusadas. University Park: Pennsylvania State

University.
Silva, Vitor Aguiar e, 2011. Dicionrio de Lus de Cames. Lisbon: Caminho.
13. In what way would you consider Antnio Lobo Antuness As Naus and
Manoel de Oliveiras film Non, ou a V Glria de Mandar representative of a
specific moment in Portuguese contemporary culture?

 Lobo Antunes, Antnio, 1988. As Naus . Lisbon: Publicaes Dom Quixote.

Oliveira, Manoel de, 1990. Non, ou a V Glria de Mandar. Directed by Manoel

de Oliveira [DVD]. Portugal-Spain-France: Madragoa Filmes.

Arnaut, Ana Paula, and Carlos Alves dos Reis, Antnio Lobo Antunes (Lisbon:

Edies 70, 2009)

Calafate Ribeiro, Margarida, and Ana Paula Ferreira, Fantasmas e Fantasias

Imperiais no Imaginrio Portugus Contemporneo (Porto: Campo das Letras,

2003)
Cames, Revista de Letras e Culturas Lusfonas 12/13 (2001): 'Manoel de
Oliveira'
Kaufmann, Helena, and Anna Klobucka (eds.), After the Revolution: Twenty Years
of Portuguese Literature (Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1997)
Moutinho, Isabel, The Colonial Wars in Contemporary Portuguese Fiction
(Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2008)
Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies 9 (2003): 'Post-Colonial Cames'
Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies 15/16 (2008): 'Facts and Fictions of
Antnio Lobo Antunes'
Ramos, Jorge Leito, 2006. Histria do Cinema Portugus. 1989-2003. Lisbon:
Caminho.

14. Portugals Office of State Propaganda under Salazar organized

commemorative events which promoted a homogeneous view of Portugals
colonial and traditional past and present. Explore how this view was
contradicted in other cultural forms of that time, EITHER in the work of
Almada Negreiros (visual art and literary work) OR Irene Lisboa OR Ldia
Jorge.
Acciaiuoli, Margarida, 1998. Exposies do Estado Novo, 1934-1940. Lisbon:

Horizonte.
Alexandre, Valentim, 1995. A frica no imaginrio portugus (sculos XIX XX). Penlope 5: 39-52.
Almeida, Jos Carlos, 2005. Celebrar Portugal: A nao, as comemoraes
pblicas e as polticas da nacionalidade. Lisbon: Instituto Piaget.
Amado, Leopoldo, 1998. A viso do negro na literature colonialAngol (october
December): 6-7.
Bethencourt, Francisco, 1999. A memria da expanso, in Histria da
expanso portuguesa, v.5, ltimo imprio e recentramento (1930-1998), eds. F.
Bethencourt / Kirti Chaudhuri, 442-83.
Cabecinhas, Rosa, and Lus Cunha, 2003, Colonialismo, identidade nacional e
representaes do negro. Estudos do Sculo XX 3: 157-84.
Kaufmann, Helena, and Anna Klobucka (eds.), After the Revolution: Twenty Years
of Portuguese Literature (Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 1997)
Medeiros, Paulo, and Maria Jos Ornelas, Da Possibilidade do Impossvel:
Leituras de Saramago (Utrecht: Portuguese Studies Center, 2007)
Moutinho, Isabel, The Colonial Wars in Contemporary Portuguese Fiction
(Woodbridge: Tamesis, 2008)
Owen, Hilary, Portuguese Women's Writing 1972-1986: Reincarnations of a
Revolution (Lewiston: Edwin Mellen, 2002)
Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies 2 (1999): 'Ldia Jorge: in Other Words'
Sapega, Ellen, 2002. Image and Counterimage; The Place of Salazarist Images of
National Identity in Contemporary Portuguese Visual Culture, 1935-45LusoBrazilian Review 39 (2): 45 64.
Sapega, Ellen, 2008. Consensus and Debate in Salazars Portugal: Visual and
Literary Negotiations of the National Text, 1933 1948. Pennsylvania University
Press.
Amaral, Ana Lusa, 2001. Desconstruindo Identidades: Ler Novas Cartas
Portuguesas Luz da Teoria Queer. Corpo e Identidades: Cadernos de Literatura
Comparada 3 (2001): 77-91.
Besse, Maria Graciete , 2006. As Novas Cartas Portuguesas e a Contestao do
Poder Patriarcal in Latitudes 26 (2006).
Owen, Hilary, Claudia Pazos-Alonso (2001), Antigone's Daughters?: Gender,
Genealogy and the Politics of Authorship in 20th-century Portuguese Women's
Writing. Bucknell University Press.
Pazos-Alonso, Claudia, 1996. Women, Literature and Culture in the Portuguesespeaking World . Edwin Mellen Press.

 Sadlier, Darlene, The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese

Literature .New York: Greenwood Press.

15. Explore the concepts of nationalism, collective memory, myth, utopia in
Fernando Pessoas Mensagem.
Almeida, Onsimo Teotnio de, Mensagem. Uma Tentativa de Interpretao
(Angra do Heroismo, Azores: Direcao Regional dos Assuntos Culturais, 1987)
Blanco, Jos, Fernando Pessoa, Europe and the Portuguese Discoveries, trans.
Janet Louth, in Eugnio Lisboa with L.C. Taylor (eds), A Centenary Pessoa
(Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995)
Feij, Antnio M., Mensagem, a impreciso denotativa de um drama em gente
e o anticristianismo de Pessoa, Romnica, No. 8 (1999), 65-77
- - - -, Fernando Pessoas Odd Epic, in A Revisionary History of Portuguese
Literature, eds Miguel Tamen and Helena C. Buescu (New York-London: Garland
Publishing, 1999)
Macedo, Helder, 'A Mensagem e as mensagens de Oliveira Martins e de
Junqueiro', Colquio/Letras 103 (Maio-Junho 1988), 28-39
Sousa, Ronald W., The Structure of Pessoas Mensagem, Bulletin of Hispanic
Studies, 59 (1982), 58-66

16. Discuss Fernando Assis Pachechos treatment of the experience and memory
of the colonial war, in Catalabanza, Quilolo e Volta (1976).
Pacheco, Fernando Assis, A Musa Irregular (Lisbon: Assrio e Alvim, 1991)
Ribeiro, Margarida Calafate, No plaino abandonado um poeta cercado a
memria da guerra colonial na poesia de Fernando Assis Pacheco at
http://www.geocities.com-ail_br/oplainoabandonado.htm

17. What created Canudos in the Brazilian North-East in the 1890s? What
destroyed it?
This question is intended to enable you to explore social, economic, political, and cultural
conditions between periphery and centre in late nineteenth-century Brazil.
Introduction to the literature
Da Cunha, Euclides, Os Sertes (1902); published in English as Rebellion in the
Backlands (1944); many later editions of both. The key journalistic account of the
Canudos war, and a milestone in Brazilian letters.
Levine, Robert, Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern
Brazil, 1893-1897 (Los Angeles & London: 1991). Leading academic study of
Canudos.
Levine, Robert (ed.), Luso-Brazilian Review 30:2 (Winter 1993), special issue,
The World out of Which Canudos Came. Collection of dedicated articles.
Vargas Llosa, Mario, The War of the End of the World (1981; London: 2004).
Brilliant (if misleading?) imaginative recreation of the Canudos episode.

18. What did Getlio Vargas perceive to be the major challenges facing midtwentieth century Brazil? How successful was the Estado Novo in dealing
with those challenges?
This question enables you to explore the political persona and aims of Brazils most
important statesman of the twentieth century. It is also designed to explore the notion of
the Estado Nvo as a key turning point (or not) in modern Brazilian history.
Introduction to the literature
Dulles, John, Vargas of Brazil: A Political Biography (Austin, Texas: 1967). The
standard biography.
Hentschke, Jens (ed.), Vargas and Brazil: New Perspectives (New York &
Basingstoke: 2006). Excellent recent collection of essays.
Levine, Robert, Father of the Poor? Vargas and his Era (Cambridge: 1998).
Recent-ish academic study by a leading authority.

 Wolfe, Joel (ed.), Luso-Brazilian Review 31:2 (Winter 1994), special issue,
Getlio Vargas and his Legacy. Dedicated collection of articles.

19. How democratic has Brazil become since the end of military rule in 1984?
You are free to interpret this question in strictly political terms, or you may extend your
enquiry to economic and social policy since the return to democracy.
Introduction to the literature
DAlva Kinzo, Maria, & James Dunkerley (eds.), Brazil since 1985: Economy,
Polity and Society (London: 2003). Excellent and wide-ranging collection of
essays.
Kingstone, Peter, & Timothy Power (eds.), Democratic Brazil (Pittsburgh: 2000).
Collection of essays which takes the themes discussed in Stepan (ed.) through to
Cardosos first term.
Stepan, Alfred (ed.), Democratizing Brazil (New York: 1989). Major collection
focusing on the transition and early years of civilian rule.
Vidal Luna, Francisco, & Herbert Klein, Brazil since 1980 (Cambridge: 2006).
More economic in focus than DAlva Kinzo & Dunkerley, but includes several
chapters on politics and society.
20. How has immigration impacted upon Portuguese society?
Describe the origins, chronology and characteristics of different recent migration flows to
Portugal. What is the appropriate chronological span for the discussion of immigration in
Portugal? Were population movements during the colonial period relevant? How
relevant are the legacies of empire? How did membership of the European Union and
Schengan arrangements change Portugals position within world migration flows? How
has diversification impacted upon everyday life, senses of community and the economy?
What are the public attitudes to immigration and how have public debates and the media
constructed the discussion of the opportunities and problems of immigration? How have
such debates and their politics translated into policy and law (regulatory policy and
citizenship and nationality law in particular)? Has the immigration question had any
effect on the political scene?
There is a vast literature on these topics but you will find excellent starting points into the
relevant statistics, legislation, and research and analysis in the publications and resources
of the Portuguese Observatrio das Migraes http://www.oi.acidi.gov.pt/index.php

For Immigration related legislation law refer to the official parliamentary record of
legislation:
http://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/Leis_area_Imigracao.aspx#topo

Up to date research based academic analysis can be found in articles published in the
journals Anlise Social, Revista Crtica de Cincias Socias, and Sociologia, Problemas e
Prticas.
21. Describe and discuss the patterns of voting in Portuguese presidential,
legislative, local or European elections in the any of the three decades since
the revolution.
Describe the changing patterns of electoral participation in the period of your choice.
Explain the significance attached to each of the three levels of political participation in
the debates about citizenship, political expression and apathy. Pay particular attention to
the debates surrounding these questions in terms of the quality of Portuguese democracy,
political culture, democratisation, citizenship and European integration.
The European Journal of Political Research Political DataYearbook provides
authoritative analysis of election data country by country. Portuguese elections are
covered for the period 2002-2013: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/
(ISSN)2047-8852/homepage/portugal.htm
Another starting point is offered by the work of political sociologist Andr Freire:
For data, refer to the resources of the Comisso Nacional de Eleies for (Presidential,
General, Local, European, Election and Referenda results):
http://eleicoes.cne.pt/cne2005/index.html
For Legislative election rsults in parliamentary representation see:
http://www.parlamento.pt/DeputadoGP/Paginas/resultadoseleitorais.aspx

For the current electoral law see:

http://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/2010_Legislacao.aspx

22. Discuss critically and in detail the representation of Portuguese history and
society in one Portuguese film of either the New State or of the post-74
period.
Never discuss a film simply on the basis of secondary literature, ensure that your essay
draws on your viewing of the film. Though you may want to focus on the visual and
ideological aspects of particular scenes, always set such discussions in the context of the
economy of the film as a whole, and the cultural and political contexts at the time of

production. Wherever possible consider also issues of reception and the status of the
particular film in Portuguese culture and film history.
For documentaries you will find the magazine Doc.pt most useful. The Cinemateca
Portuguesa is an invaluable resource. A good starting point in the bibliography are the
following:
Portugal: Um Retrato Cinematogrfico/ Portugal: A Cinematographic Portrait,
Lisboa: Nmero-Arte&Cultura, 2004
Cinema Portugus atravs dos Seus Filmes, Carolin Overhoff Ferreira, coord.,
Porto: Campo das Letras, 2007
Joo Mrio Grilo, O Cinema da No-Iluso: histrias para o cinema portugus,
Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, 2006

23. How justified was the Portuguese theory of Lusotropicalismo in relation to its
African colonies?
Gilberto Freyre, Integrao portuguesa nos trpicos (Lisbon, Ministrio do
Ultramar, 1958).
Gilberto Freyre, O mundo que o Portugus criou (Rio de Janeiro, Jos Olympio,
1940).
Gilberto Freyre, The Masters and the Slaves, (any edition).
Gerald Bender, Angola under the Portuguese (London; Heinemann, 1978)
Charles R. Boxer, Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1963).
Malyn Newitt, Portugal in Africa (London: Hurst, l981)
24. How far did gender roles in Lusophone Africa change following the wars of
independence?
This question allows you to explore the history of the independence in Lusophone Africa
and its long-term effects through the prism of gender relations, an increasingly important
topic in Africanist studies. The book by Havik contextualizes these over the longue dure;
the two edited books offer a synthesis of both gender studies and postcolonial studies
from across Lusophone Africa, and the other reading suggestions then offer more specific
examples from a range of Lusophone countries.
Patrick Chabal, Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary leadership and Peoples War
London: Christopher Hurst, 2003.
Patrick Chabal (ed.), A History of Postcolonial Lusophone Africa. Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 2002.

 Philip J Havik, Silences and Soundbytes: The Gendered Dynamics of Trade and
Brokerage in the Pre-Colonial Guinea-Bissau Region, Munster: Lit Verlag, 2004.
Jos Vicente Lopes, Cabo Verde: Os Bastidores da Independencia. Praia; Spleen
Edies, 2007.
Rosa Melo, Homem Homem, Mulher Sapo: Gnero e Identidade entre os
Handa no Sul de Angola. Lisbon: Colibri, 2007.
Meredith Turshen and Clothilde Twagiramariya (eds)., What Women do in
Wartime: Gender and Conflict in Africa London: Zed Books, 1998.
Stephanie Urdang, Fighting Two Colonialisms: Women in Guinea-Bissau,
Monthly Review Press, 1980.
Stephanie Urdang, And Still They Dance: Women, War and the Struggle for
Change in Mozambique, Monthly Review Press, 1989.
25. How Portuguese were the Luso-Africans?
This question invites you to consider the long-term roots and influences of Portuguese
colonialism in Lusophone Africa; it may stand as a good preparation for a possible Level
6 module on cross-cultural connections between Africa and the Americas which will be
offered next year. In the Guinea-Bissau region, Angola and Mozambique, there were gobetween traders known as the Luso-Africans who acted as intermediaries between
Portuguese and Brazilian traders and African polities. They adopted Portuguese language
and dress, but were often incoprorated within African societies through African lineage
patterns. You are welcome to cosnsider any one of these regions in detail, or to work
comparatively.
George E. Brooks, Eurafricans in Western Africa: Commerce, Social Status,
Gender, and Religious Observance. Columbus: Ohio University Press, 2003.
Toby Green (ed.), Brokers of Change: Atlantic Commerce and Cultures in PreColonial Western Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012 (esp. Chs 1, 3,
11).
Allen F Isaacman: Mozambique: Africanization of a European Institution, the
Zambezi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.
Peter Mark, Portuguese Style and Luso-African Identity: Precolonial
Senegambia, Sixteeenth - Nineteenth Centuries. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 2002.
Joseph C. Miller, Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave
Trade, 1730-1830. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996. (esp chapter on
Luso-Africans).
Malyn Newitt, A History of Mozambique London: C Hurst (esp chapter on the
prazos)