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    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane Through Wire Line Logs

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    This document summarizes a case study evaluating coal bed methane resources in Jharia, India through wireline well logs. Four wells were drilled and cored, with cores analyzed for proximate composition. The study aims to correlate wireline log values with core analysis data to enable evaluating proximate values from logs alone. Log density, resistivity, and neutron-density porosity values were used. Core and log data were averaged over intervals and a correction factor was applied to log densities to match empirical densities calculated from core ash. Charts were developed to estimate corrected density, ash, and fixed carbon values from logs for quick evaluation without coring. This technique could evaluate proximate composition and methane potential from re-logs without re

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    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane Through Wire Line Logs

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    Ricky
    91 views5 pages
    This document summarizes a case study evaluating coal bed methane resources in Jharia, India through wireline well logs. Four wells were drilled and cored, with cores analyzed for proximate composition. The study aims to correlate wireline log values with core analysis data to enable evaluating proximate values from logs alone. Log density, resistivity, and neutron-density porosity values were used. Core and log data were averaged over intervals and a correction factor was applied to log densities to match empirical densities calculated from core ash. Charts were developed to estimate corrected density, ash, and fixed carbon values from logs for quick evaluation without coring. This technique could evaluate proximate composition and methane potential from re-logs without re

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    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane Through Wire Line Logs

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    This document summarizes a case study evaluating coal bed methane resources in Jharia, India through wireline well logs. Four wells were drilled and cored, with cores analyzed for proximate composition. The study aims to correlate wireline log values with core analysis data to enable evaluating proximate values from logs alone. Log density, resistivity, and neutron-density porosity values were used. Core and log data were averaged over intervals and a correction factor was applied to log densities to match empirical densities calculated from core ash. Charts were developed to estimate corrected density, ash, and fixed carbon values from logs for quick evaluation without coring. This technique could evaluate proximate composition and methane potential from re-logs without re

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    91 views5 pages

    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane Through Wire Line Logs

    Uploaded by

    Ricky
    This document summarizes a case study evaluating coal bed methane resources in Jharia, India through wireline well logs. Four wells were drilled and cored, with cores analyzed for proximate composition. The study aims to correlate wireline log values with core analysis data to enable evaluating proximate values from logs alone. Log density, resistivity, and neutron-density porosity values were used. Core and log data were averaged over intervals and a correction factor was applied to log densities to match empirical densities calculated from core ash. Charts were developed to estimate corrected density, ash, and fixed carbon values from logs for quick evaluation without coring. This technique could evaluate proximate composition and methane potential from re-logs without re

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    5th Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics, Hyderabad-2004, India PP 910-914

    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane through Wire Line Logs


    Jharia field: A Case Study
    D. K. Rai, Sunit Roy & A. L.Roy
    Logging Services, Basin CBM-BPM, ONGC, Kolkata

    ABSTRACT : Methane produced from coal beds was for years a nightmare for the mining industry. Coal bed constitutes a new
    type of reservoir for the oil and gas industry to explore. This new reservoir does not lend itself readily to conventional well log
    analysis. However, new log analysis techniques have developed which increases the chance for a successful well. This study is
    summarized with a procedure to evaluate the parameters of proximate analysis using wire line logs of Barakar formation of Jharia
    Block in the State of Jharkhand. Methane produced from coal beds is a developing resource in the States of W. Bengal & Jharkhand.
    The evaluation of this resource is done by coring and testing. Core analysis and production tests are essential information to use
    with log analysis to make meaningful evaluation from wire line logs. The objective of this case study was to establish a relation of
    the wire line log value to evaluate the parameters of proximate analysis and to match with the laboratory evaluated values. Further,
    a model has been designed to evaluate the values as quick look interpretation technique. The proximate analysis data from the wells
    of Jharia field in which coal core was cut was used to calibrate the log analysis in this case study. Barakar formation in this area has
    predominantly high to medium volatile bituminous coal. The evaluation technique required to be tested for their accuracy before
    being used for coal beds of different rank.

    LOGGING
    PROCEDURE
    CHARACTERIZATION

    INTRODUCTION
    The evaluation of coal bed methane wells are being
    done by coring and testing. The method requires a well to be
    drilled, cored, completed and tested to know the reserve
    potential. Thus evaluating a well is quite expensive. Log
    analysis methods have been suggested to evaluate a coal bed
    methane potential using wire line logs. The information
    provided by log analysis includes the parameters of proximate
    analysis, i.e. ash, moisture, fixed carbon & volatile matter.
    Nothing can replace the physical core data to evaluate the
    well. Still in areas where no core data is available, an approach
    to determine the quality of the coal for the production of coal
    bed methane reserves through wire line data has been
    attempted.

    AND

    LOG

    The suite of logs normally run to evaluate a coal bed


    includes the resistivity, litho porosity and ancillary data. The
    density data under the litho porosity are used in determining
    coal quality, methane content and proximate analysis. The
    neutron data are used for gas detection in adjacent beds. The
    resistivity is used for coal bed thickness measurements and
    coal bed correlation. The spontaneous potential (SP) under
    ancillary data is used for indication of permeable zones.
    Coal seams are relatively easy to identify and correlate
    on well logs. The bulk density measurements from the density
    log readily flags coal beds because the surrounding shales
    have a density value of about 2.65 gm/cc and coal bed density
    has average density of 1.35 1.4 gm/cc. The micro spherically
    focused log from the resistivity data shows sharp increase in
    resistivity at coal bed boundaries and generally reads more
    than 50 ohm mt. The resistivity curves show an increase in
    resistivity in coal bed due to high resolution of the resistivity
    tool. The neutron and density porosity curves are similar to
    each other with a high porosity value, often more than 50%.
    The gamma ray curve usually indicates less than 60 API units
    in coal.

    This case study applies current log analysis


    techniques to four nos. of wells drilled in Jharia field. These
    wells were drilled primarily to produce methane gas from the
    Barakar formation. All the wells were cored and analyzed to
    know the rank of the coal. The objective of this study was to
    calibrate the data evaluated through wire line logs with the
    laboratory data which will help to evaluate the parameters of
    proximate analysis through wire line logs accurately.

    910

    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane through Wire Line Logs

    CORE TO LOG CORRELATION


    The logs are generally averaged to correlate with the
    core depths. The correlation of the log value is generally done
    after determining the correction factor. Then after using the
    log analysis algorithms the parameters are determined. To make
    the log analysis algorithm site specific, the results are
    compared with the available core analysis in the area and
    adjustments are made to the algorithm as necessary. In this
    study four wells in the Jharia field were cored and analyzed for
    the proximate analysis. In the present context the three nearby
    wells (Jharia # A, B, C) were considered to evaluate and
    compare the results.
    The problem in correlating the core and log value
    generally persists as the vertical resolution of conventional
    log data is high in comparison to the vertical resolution of
    core data. Therefore, as a way to compare core and log analysis
    the log values were averaged over an interval and compared
    to core analysis averaged over the same interval.

    Figure 1 : Geological map of Jharia coal field

    The core data is a physical data. A problem arises


    while comparing core data to log data. The vertical resolution
    of core data is about 3.0 cms, while the vertical resolution of
    conventional log data is about 60 cms. Therefore, as a way to
    compare core and log analysis the log values were
    standardized to resemble with core data.

    COAL RANK ANALYSIS


    Coal rank is usually determined from a proximate
    analysis measured from a coal sample; the analysis lists the
    percentage of moisture, ash, fixed carbon and volatile matter.
    Proximate analysis requires a sample of coal, which is possible
    while coring a new well. In the case of re evaluating it is not
    possible to obtain a sample of coal for analysis. Therefore, a
    method of determining the proximate analysis from wire line
    logs can be used to know the rank of coal. With the use of
    Mullen (1999) algorithm, the wire line log can be used to
    estimate the proximate analysis. In this study results obtained
    by log analysis is found to be representative of actual core
    analysis.

    The coal seams were averaged over an interval on


    the basis of the core depths and bulk density (gm/cc) values
    from the density log of the respective coal seams were picked
    up to evaluate the parameters. An in house software has
    been developed using Mullen algorithm to evaluate the
    parameters of proximate analysis using wire line logs. In the
    present study, the density of the core sample is a very important
    factor for evaluation. Due to non availability of laboratory
    core density data, corrected density data has been generated
    for evaluation. From the laboratory derived ash volume, using
    Mullen algorithm, density value of the respective coal seams
    were determined which is termed as empirical density.

    EVALUATION PROCEDURE

    The density value picked up from the log against the


    coal seam will be higher than the density of core sample. The
    deviation in the density value is due to the presence of igneous
    materials very near to the coal bed, which causes a variation
    in bulk density. Therefore, correction of log density data is
    required to match the core data.

    In the Jharia field, four wells were drilled up to an


    average depth of 1000 mts. covering Barakar formation. The
    coal seams encountered in these wells were thoroughly cored
    and these cores were analyzed in detail in the RGL, Kolkata to
    evaluate the parameters of proximate analysis. In this study
    an attempt has been made to determine the parameters of
    proximate analysis using wire line logs and correlating the
    values with the laboratory evaluated values. The aim was to
    standardize the log data and to develop a quick look chart
    method to determine the core density, ash & fixed carbon.
    This is an empirical approach based on the laboratory
    evaluated results.

    In Fig. 2, the density values picked up from the logs


    of the respective coal seams have been plotted against volume
    of ash derived from laboratory.
    Subsequently in Fig 3, the log density value and the
    empirical density were plotted with respect to the ash volume

    911

    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane through Wire Line Logs

    Figure 2
    Figure 4
    Density (Log & Empirical) vs Ash (Lab)
    40
    35
    ity
    ns
    De

    Ash(Lab) (in %)

    30

    g)
    (Lo

    (E
    ity
    ns
    De

    a
    iric
    mp

    l)

    25
    20

    100

    15
    10
    5
    0
    1.1

    1.2

    1.3

    1.4

    Density (Log & Empirical) ( in gm /cc)

    1.5

    1.6
    Fig: 3

    Figure 5
    Figure 3

    to find out the difference of two density values and to establish


    the correction factor. On establishing the correction factor of
    the respective coal seams, corrected density is determined by
    multiplying the correction factor with log density. The
    corrected density value of the respective coal seams was taken
    to evaluate the parameters of proximate analysis (ash,
    moisture, fixed carbon & volatile matter). Generally fixed carbon
    and volatile matter in dry ash free condition are considered
    for final calculation. Dry ash free is termed as daf.
    Figure 6

    The log evaluated fixed carbon(daf) has been plotted


    against the correction factor chart to get the corrected fixed
    carbon(daf) which can be matched with the laboratory
    evaluated fixed carbon(daf). The log and lab evaluated fixed
    carbon (daf) were plotted against corrected density which
    shows a definite resemblance in the values and trend of the
    curves. (Fig. 6)

    ESTIMATION OF CORRECTION FACTOR, ASH, FIXED


    CARBON (DAF) (QUICK VIEW)
    Procedure:

    912

    Enter the Chart no 1, on its abscissa with log obtained


    Density value, proceed upward to the standard line, and
    proceed horizontally to determine corrected density.

    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane through Wire Line Logs

    Ash is determined from the standard Chart no 2, by taking


    the corrected density value in the abscissa and proceeds
    upward to the standard line and proceeds horizontally to
    determine ash.

    Fixed Carbon (daf), considering the corrected density


    value in the abscissa in Chart 3, proceed upward to the
    standard line and horizontally the fixed carbon (daf) is
    determined.

    i)

    The log density value plotted against ash derived from


    laboratory in Figure 2 inferences that with an increase in
    density of the coal seam the value of the ash increases
    from which it can be concluded that with an increase in
    ash content, fixed carbon will be less and the quality of
    the coal seam may be moderate to poor.

    ii)

    The log density & corrected density (derived after


    applying correction factor) were plotted against ash in
    the ordinate. The result concludes that the trend of the
    curve of log density value is similar to the corrected
    density. Due to variation in density value the separation
    of the curve has been observed which is represented as
    dashed & continuous line.

    iii)

    In Fig. no. 3, the density of the good quality coal seams


    is generally in the range of 1.3 to 1.41 gm/cc. In this range
    there is an effect in the corrected density as the correction
    factor varies from 0.9 to 0.98. The correction factor has a
    negligible effect beyond the log density value of above
    1.41.

    Vvm (daf) is evaluated by 100 Vfc (daf)

    An example of Quick view


    Considering log density value of a coal seam is 1.39 gm/cc
    Corrected density = 1.39 X Correction factor (0.965) = 1.34 gm/
    cc
    Considering the standard charts : Corrected density = 1.34
    gm/cc, Ash = 19.5, Fixed carbon (daf) = 62.79, hence correction
    factor = 1.26
    Thus Corrected Fixed carbon (daf) = 79.11
    Volatile matter (daf) = 100 - Fixed carbon (daf) = 20.89

    iv) On evaluating the parameters of proximate analysis using


    Mullens algorithm (1999) after establishing the value of
    synthetic core density termed as corrected density the
    results of ash value, fixed carbon(daf), volatile matter(daf)
    obtained from the laboratory and the results derived were
    plotted keeping corrected density in the abscissa in the

    ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
    The data derived from proximate analysis in Table 1
    was plotted and the analysis can be summarized as follows:

    Table:1 Data derived from Proximate Analysis


    Sl
    No.

    Density Ash
    (Log) in (Lab)
    gm/cc
    in %

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.
    12.
    13.
    14.
    15.
    16.

    1.31
    1.42
    1.39
    1.42
    1.43
    1.37
    1.49
    1.45
    1.405
    1.405
    1.45
    1.45
    1.44
    1.45
    1.59
    1.60

    8.1
    22.38
    19.8
    22.99
    23.79
    16.57
    27.03
    24.03
    21.07
    21.96
    24.27
    24.34
    24.63
    24.88
    34.32
    35.12

    Density
    (Empirical)
    in gm/cc
    1.16
    1.386
    1.34
    1.39
    1.40
    1.298
    1.457
    1.41
    1.366
    1.378
    1.415
    1.416
    1.40
    1.42
    1.52
    1.58

    Corr.
    Factor

    Density
    (Corr)
    in gm/cc

    Ash
    (Log)
    in %

    FC(daf)
    (Log)
    in %

    Corr.
    Factor

    0.9
    0.98
    0.966
    0.98
    0.98
    0.95
    0.98
    0.98
    0.978
    0.979
    0.98
    0.98
    0.98
    0.98
    0.98
    0.98

    1.18
    1.392
    1.34
    1.392
    1.401
    1.302
    1.46
    1.421
    1.379
    1.379
    1.421
    1.42
    1.41
    1.42
    1.53
    1.57

    8.77
    22.72
    19.3
    22.72
    23.31
    16.8
    27.19
    24.63
    21.86
    21.86
    24.63
    24.56
    23.9
    31.8
    34.43
    34.42

    64.83
    62.18
    62.83
    62.18
    62.07
    63.31
    61.33
    61.82
    62.35
    62.35
    61.82
    61.83
    61.96
    61.83
    60.46
    59.96

    1.26
    1.26
    1.26
    1.26
    1.23
    1.20
    1.23
    1.20
    1.19
    1.19
    1.19
    1.155
    1.14
    1.14
    1.12
    1.12

    913

    FC(daf) FC(daf) VM(daf)


    Corr.
    (Lab)
    (Lab)
    (Log) in %
    in %
    81.68
    78.35
    79.17
    78.35
    76.35
    75.97
    75.43
    74.18
    74.20
    74.19
    73.47
    71.41
    70.63
    70.48
    67.71
    67.15

    81.9
    79.78
    79.2
    78.74
    76.92
    75.99
    75.00
    74.63
    74.6
    74.26
    73.52
    71.66
    70.57
    70.50
    67.78
    67.60

    18.1
    20.22
    20.8
    21.26
    23.08
    24.01
    25.0
    25.37
    25.4
    25.74
    26.48
    28.34
    29.43
    29.5
    32.22
    32.40

    VM(daf)
    (Log)
    Corr in %
    18.32
    21.65
    20.83
    23.65
    23.65
    24.03
    24.57
    25.82
    25.80
    25.81
    26.53
    28.59
    29.37
    29.52
    32.29
    32.85

    Evaluation of Coal Bed Methane through Wire Line Logs

    authors are thankful to Basin Manager CBM-BPM, Kolkata


    for providing infrastructural facilities during the work. The
    authors are thankful to Chief Logging services, Mumbai for
    his support and keen interest during preparation of this paper.

    Chart nos. 1, 2,, 3. From the plot it can be concluded that


    there is a good compatibility of the evaluated values
    obtained through wire line logs and laboratory results.
    The preliminary result shows log calculated values
    are very representative of actual core analysis.

    REFERENCES
    Fassett, J.E. and Hinds, J.S. 1971, Geology and fuel resources of
    the Fruitland and Kirtland Shale of the SanJuan Basin,
    New Mexico & Colorado: U.S. Gelogical Survey
    Professional Paper 676, p76.
    Formation Evaluation Report of Jharia Field, Logging Services
    Kolkata.
    Kim, A.G. 1977, Estimating methane content of bituminous coal
    beds from absorption data , U.S. Bureau of Mines Report
    of Investigations 8245
    Mullen M. J. (1988) Log evaluation in well drilled for Coal Bed
    Methane Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,
    pp 113-124.
    Peeters, M. , and Kampten, N. H. , 1977, Wireline logging for coal
    exploration in Australia: Society of professional Well Log
    Analysts, The Log Analyst, v.17, no.3, p.24-29

    CONCLUSION
    This study has shown that the log analysis can be a
    useful tool in evaluating unconventional reservoirs such as
    coal beds. Different logging procedures using high resolution
    processing with spectral density log are being suggested to
    improve the vertical resolution of the density measurement
    and thereby improve the accuracy of the bed thickness
    determination and coal quality analysis in new wells.
    Log analysis using this technique can be very helpful
    by using existing well logs where no core data exists. With the
    more input data the correction factor chart presented can be
    refined to make the analysis through wire line more accurate
    in coal beds.
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    The authors are thankful to RGL, Kolkata for
    providing lab evaluated results for further processing. The

    914

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