Process Equipment Design-1

Process Equipment Design
Submitted as a Part of the External Evaluation

Open Ended Project
Power required in Fan, Blower and in adiabatic compressor
Submitted By
THUMMAR NIKUNJ (130114105001)
YUVRAJ PARMAR (110110105055)
DHRUVAL CHAUDHARY (120110105048)
TAUSIF AMIN (120110105056)
DILIP SARVAIYA (120110105057)
Department Of Chemical Engineering

G.H. Patel College of Engineering & Technology
Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120
Gujarat Technological University

Ahmadabad
1 | Page
Sr no.
Title
Page
no.
List of figure
1.
List of nomenclature
Introduction
3
4
1.1 Fan
1.2 Blower
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.3 Adiabatic compressor

Fan and its type
Power required in Blower and Adiabatic compressor
Problem(a) statement and given data
Determination
5
6
10
11
i)the power required for a turbo blower

6.
7.
ii)discharge temperature
Problem(b) statement and given data
Determination
12
13
i)Power required for compression, if n = 0.8

8.
ii)Discharge temperature of gas after 1st stage

Result and discussion
References
15
16
List of figure
2 | Page
Figure no.
4.1
Name
Plot of (XG/X) vs k and d vs k2
Pg. no.
8
List of nomenclature
Nomenclature
P0
qv
pd
K
Meaning
Power required by fan
capacity of fan
discharge pressure of fan
ratio of specific heat at constant pressure at constant volume
P2/P1
T2/T1
Outlet / Inlet pressure of gas

Outlet / inlet temperatures of gas
V2/V1
Outlet / inlet volume of gas
P
r
N
power required
compression ratio
number of stages
1. INTRODUCTION
Fans, blower and compressors are used to increase the mechanical energy of gases.
1.1 Fan:
3 | Page
Industrial fans and blowers are machines whose primary function is to provide a large
flow of air or gas to various processes of many industries. This is achieved by rotating
a number of blades, connected to a hub and shaft, and driven by a motor or turbine.
A fan moves large amounts of gas with low increase in pressure
1.2 Compressors:
A compressor is a machine for raising a gas a compressible fluid to a higher level

of pressure
1.3 Blowers:
A blower is a machine for moving volumes of a gas with moderate increase of

pressure
Discharge pressure of a fan is less than 3.45 kPa g (350 mm WC). If discharge pressure
require is higher than 3.45 kPa g then a blower is used. Maximum discharge pressure of
blower is 1 atm g. if the discharge pressure required is more than 2 atm a then a compressor is
used. Discharge pressure of compressor ranges from 2 atm a to thousands of atms.
2. FAN:
4 | Page
2.1 Fans are of two types,

a) Centrifugal fans
b) Axial flow fans
Efficiency of fan ranges from 40% to 70%, depending on its specific speed.
Power input to a fan is given by below equation:
P0 = 2.72 * 10-5 qv pd
Where,
P0 = Power required by fan, kW
qv = capacity of fan, m3/h
pd =discharge pressure of fan, cm WC
5 | Page
3. POWER REQUIRED IN BLOWER AND ADIABATIC COMPRESSOR
Blowers are always operated in an adiabatic manner. Many compressors are also are also
operated in adiabatic manner (e.g. : air compressors upto 10 bar g). In adiabatic compressor,
jacketed cooling is not provided. While in other types ; polytropic and isothermic
compressors, jacketed cooling is provided around the compressor section.in isothermal
compressor inlet temperature of gas is equals to outlet temperature of gas. If both temperature
are not same even after providing the jacket cooling, its called polytropic compressor.
For adiabatic compression

,
,
Where,
K=Cp/Cv
K= ration of specific heat at constant pressure at constant volume
P2,P1= outlet/Inlet pressure of gas, kPa
V2,V1= outlet / inlet volume of gas, m3
T2,T1= outlet inlet temperatures of gas , K
Power required in single stage blowers or in single stage adiabatic compressor,
Where,
P= power required, Kw
P1= absolute inlet pressure, kPa
qv = volumetric flow rate of gas based on inlet condition, m3/h
n = efficiency of compressor
6 | Page
Discharge temperature of gas from the blower or single stage adiabatic compressor,
Value of k ranges from 1.39 to 1.41 for air and perfect diatomic gases. For k = 1.395, value of
bracketed expression in equation (*) is known as X factor
Where,
k= 1.395 for air/diatomic gas
r = compression ratio
power required for blower and adiabatic compressor
P0 = 9.81 * 10-4 qv1 p1X
Other gases are having value of k in the range of 1 to 1.4.power require by blower or
adiabatic compressor, for the gases having value of k other than k = 1.395, is given by
following equation,
Where, d = 2.292((k-1)/k)
Values of and d can be obtained from below figure for the different values of k and for
different values of r.
7 | Page
4.1 (XG/X) vs k and d vs k2
For a multistage compressor with N stages of compression in which

a) Adiabatic compression takes place in each stage,
b) Near equal work done in each stage,
c) Intercooling is provided between each two stages of compression to same inlet
gas temperature (T1),
8 | Page
Power required can be calculated by the following equation,
For a multistage compressor, discharge temperature from the last stage can be predicted by
the following equation,
Where, N = number of stages
9 | Page
4. Problem (a) statement and given data

a) Find out the power required for a turbo blower for the following duty.
Fluid = atmospheric air
Capacity = 1000 Nm3/h
Discharge pressure = 2 atm a
Also find the discharge temperature of air.
10 | P a g e
5. Determination
i) The power required for a turbo blower
ii) Discharge temperature
i) Power required for turbo blower
For air, k = 1.395
m3/h
Therefore,
P = 23.38 kW
ii) Discharge temperature of air,
Discharge temperature of air, t2 = 120 0C
6. Problem (b) statement and given data
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A three stage reciprocating compressor is used to compress 306 Sm3/h of methane from 0.95
atm to 61.3atm a. the inlet temperature is 270 C.
Specific heat ratio of methane, k = 1.31
Calculate
(a) Power required for compression, if mechanical efficiency 80 percent. And
(b) Discharge temperature of gas after first stage
7. Determination
I) Power required for compression, if n = 0.8
12 | P a g e
Ii) Discharge temperature of gas after 1st stage

i) For a multistage compressor total power required is minimum if each stage consumes the same
power or same compression ratio in each stag,
Compression ratio in each stage, = 4.01
Power required for each stage
k = 1.31, n = 0.8
qv = volumetric flow rate based on inlet condition m3/h
= 19.45 kW
In power loss in allied piping and intercoolers is neglected, then total power required for three
stages,
P=3*19.45 = 58.35 kW
(ii) Discharge temperature after first stage
T2 = (273+26.7) (4.01)(0.31/1.31)
T2 = 416.3 K, t2 = 143.30 C
OR
For k = 1.31 and r = 4.01
d = 0.54, (X0/X) = 0.8
X = r(0.395/1.395)-1 = 4.01(0.395/1.395) - 1 = 0.4818
XG = 0.8*0.4818 = 0.3854
Power required for each stage
13 | P a g e
Total power required P0=3*19.34 = 58.03 Kw

(Neglecting pressure loss in the intercoolers and allied piping)
8. Result and Discussion

So here, we discussed first the basic definition of fan, blower and adiabatic compressor
including its type and application. Then we have seen the equations of fan, blower and
adiabatic compressor and then we solved the problem of determination of power required for
a turbo blower and compressor and its discharge temperature.
14 | P a g e
REFERENCES
15 | P a g e

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Process Equipment Design

Submitted as a Part of the External Evaluation

Power required in Fan, Blower and in adiabatic compressor

Department Of Chemical Engineering

Gujarat Technological University

1.3 Adiabatic compressor

i)the power required for a turbo blower

i)Power required for compression, if n = 0.8

ii)Discharge temperature of gas after 1st stage

Outlet / Inlet pressure of gas

Outlet / inlet volume of gas

A fan moves large amounts of gas with low increase in pressure

A compressor is a machine for raising a gas a compressible fluid to a higher level

A blower is a machine for moving volumes of a gas with moderate increase of

2.1 Fans are of two types,

Power input to a fan is given by below equation:

3. POWER REQUIRED IN BLOWER AND ADIABATIC COMPRESSOR

For adiabatic compression

4.1 (XG/X) vs k and d vs k2

For a multistage compressor with N stages of compression in which

Power required can be calculated by the following equation,

Where, N = number of stages

4. Problem (a) statement and given data

For air, k = 1.395

Discharge temperature of air, t2 = 120 0C

6. Problem (b) statement and given data

Ii) Discharge temperature of gas after 1st stage

Total power required P0=3*19.34 = 58.03 Kw

8. Result and Discussion

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