High Speed Solutions For Harbor and Terminal Tugboats

HIGH SPEED SOLUTIONS FOR HARBOR
AND TERMINAL TUGBOATS
ALL THE PULL YOU NEED

Handle the heaviest loads in the toughest conditions with Cat
marine engines. Whether in the harbor or at your terminal, our
dependable high-speed engines will help give you all the bollard
pull you need. High-speed engines are particularly suitable for
vessels that have variable power needs in terms of acceleration
time, bollard pull and maneuverability.
Caterpillar is developing innovative propulsion solutions for
harbor and terminal tugs, where high-speed diesel engines form
part of a fully integrated propulsion system. Our products are
designed and tested to reduce your overall costs with low
fuel consumption rates and longer maintenance intervals, your
business will see more uptime, productivity and profit.
THE PREFERRED OPTION
Fig. 1: High-speed engines are the number one choice in the Tug and Salvage
industry
700
600
500
High Speed
Medium Speed
400
300
200
100
(Number of vessels, Source: LLOYDS Database 2012)
Year
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
0
1980
Though Harbor and Terminal tugboats operate an average of

1,000 3,000 hours per year, approximately 80 % of that time is
spent running at less than 20% of engine load. Subsequently,
one important criterion when selecting the right engine for
your tugboat is the load profile. In the 1980s, around 70 % of
the tugs built were equipped with medium-speed engines.
Today, nearly 90% of the harbor and terminal tugs being built
are equipped with high-speed engines.
Looking at third party data (Fig. 1), there is a clear shift from
medium-speed engines to high-speed engines in harbor and
terminal tugs:
Accumulated Number of Tugs Built
Making sure large vessels sometimes carrying hazardous

cargo can safely navigate the waterways and get in and out
their docks is a demanding business. In efforts to not keep a
cargo vessel waiting, it may not be uncommon for you to arrive
in advance as the ship makes its way up the river or is still
being loaded. That means that many of your vessels are
constantly running.
TRUE BENEFITS
Decades of high-speed experience in the tug market
ensure maximum uptime and profitability.
Superior response time and maneuverability give you
an edge for close-quarters maneuvering and rough
waters, enhancing safety.
The better performance of Cat high-speed engines,
reduced low-load fuel consumption, longer time
between overhauls, and lower installation costs
substantially reduce engine lifecycle costs.
TIME TO MAXIMUM POWER

Demands for quick response from your vessel and increased
safety in both normal operation or emergency situations may
prompt you to consider high-speed diesel engine options.
Compared to their medium-speed counterparts, high-speed
engines have a wider operating band from idle to full load with
much stronger acceleration, resulting in better performance
and maneuvering. Generally, fuel economy is maximized when
acceleration time is minimized (Fig. 2).
Another inherent cost advantage is the combination of a highspeed engine with a Fixed Pitch Propeller (FPP), whereas a
medium-speed engine would require a more complex and
cost-intensive installation of a slipping clutch or Controllable
Pitch Propeller (CPP).
Fig. 2: Acceleration time and operating RPM Band a comparison at maximum power (0 100 %)
45 sec.
21% Thrust
MEDIUM SPEED
100 % Thrust
450 rpm 1,000 rpm
15 sec.
4% Thrust
HIGH SPEED
0 rpm
200 rpm
100 % Thrust
380 rpm 1,800 rpm
400 rpm
600 rpm
800 rpm
1,000 rpm
1,200 rpm
1,400 rpm
1,600 rpm
1,800 rpm
2,000 rpm
Engine Speed
High-speed engines with a power range up to 1,800 rpm are able to accelerate from idle speed at 380 rpm (4 % thrust) to full load (100 % thrust) in a 15 sec. period,
compared to the lower speed engine idling at 450 rpm (21 % thrust) to full load (100 % thrust) in 45 sec.
SIZE AND WEIGHT

The task of creating a powerful tugboat can become daunting.
Critical points for you could be a combination of equipment
costs due to vessel shape, engine horsepower, physical size
and weight of the engines, or even drive line components.
High-speed engines are typically three times smaller in size and
weight compared to medium-speed engines (Fig. 3), providing you
more space in the engine room for maintenance and likely making
a larger vessel design unnecessary.
Further, high-speed engines reduce the maximum torque in drive
line components such as shafts, bearings, clutches and flexible
couplings. Components for your vessel will become smaller
and lighter, ultimately reducing both the initial and long-term
maintenance costs.
Fig. 3: Installation of high-speed engines is less complicated with lower costs

High Speed Engine
Dimensions: 100 %, Weight: 100 %
Medium Speed Engine

Dimensions: 225 %, Weight: 300 %
FUEL CONSUMPTION
Similar to everyone else in the transportation business, you
are likely experiencing the increasing challenges of fuel
management. Needless to say, retanking can generate a huge
invoice from your fuel supplier.
Cat high-speed engines are ideally suited for your tugboat
and will provide excellent fuel economy. Since harbor and
terminal tugboats spend most of their time at low load (Fig. 4),
high-speed engines consume much less fuel at lower loads
than do medium-speed engines (Fig. 5).
Conversely, medium-speed engines are more efficient at high

load, but the point where the fuel curves of high- vs. mediumspeed engines cross is around 50 70 % of full engine load.
Fig. 5: Relative Fuel Consumption 65 T Harbor & Terminal Tugboat Solution
Fig. 4: Operartional Profile Harbor & Terminal Tugboats

60%
Medium Speed
High Speed
80 % of time in this load
50%
Fuel Consumption
TIME
Percent of Time
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0%
100%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Engine Load
Percent Load
POWER
OPERATIONAL COST
Many tugboat owners and operators have been treading water
the past years. Like everywhere in the shipping industry, fuel
prices have taken center stage. Increasingly, fuel efficiency
is necessary to maintain your profitability, both now and in
the future. Looking at the chart (Fig. 6), fuel costs represent
approximately 90 % of the overall operating costs for both highspeed and medium-speed engines. Service and spare parts
costs are slightly more for high-speed engines, due to the fact
that more cylinders have to be serviced and maintained than
for a medium-speed engine. But the efficient fuel economy of
a high-speed engine more than compensates for the additional
maintenance cost. Looking at the relative running cost of highspeed and medium-speed engines over a 15-year period, its
clear to see that the operating costs for high-speed engines
are lower, with savings between 10 and 12 %. (Fig. 7)
Even if you cut out the lower initial costs of an engine, the
high-speed engine operational cost is much more economical
for harbor and terminal towage.
Fig. 6: Operational standard costs

Medium-Speed
Harbor & Terminal Tugboat
(2200 h/year)
High-Speed
Harbor & Terminal Tugboat
(2200 h/year)
Fuel 92.0 %
Service 3.0 %
Spares 4.4 %
Lube 0.6 %
Fuel 89.4 %
Service 4.6 %
Spares 5.4 %
Lube 0.5 %
Fig. 7: Operational cost structure over a 15-year period

Medium Speed
High Speed
0
10
12
14
16
Initial Costs
Fuel
Service
Spares
Lube
Cost (Millions of Dollars)
THE ULTIMATE CHOICE

Were sure high-speed engines have tremendous benefits for
harbor & terminal tugboats and are the right solution for you,
but please review the chart (Fig. 8) if you still arent convinced
it provides a quick overview of all the points highlighted in this
brochure. High-speed engines are truly the best value for your
business, providing more uptime, productivity, and profit.
In an ever-changing tugboat industry, the increasing demands
for propulsion and energy efficiency drive owners and
operators to invest greater financial resources into better, more
efficient vessels and solutions. Caterpillar Marine has invested
significantly into this field and is able to give owners and
operators the ability to make educated decisions in the early
design stage with operational requirements as the only input.
Fig. 8: Benefits of high-speed engines

Harbor & Terminal
Tugboats
Cost of Installation
Ease of Installation
Capital Cost
Fuel Consumption
Response Time
(Maneuverability and Safety)
Usable rpm Band
(Idle Full Speed)
Emissions Level
Parts and Service Costs
Reliability and Durability
Good
Better
Best
Customer Service Network
High Speed
Engine
Medium Speed
Engine
The Power You Need.

The Cat and MaK brands of Caterpillar Marine offer premier high- and medium-speed propulsion, auxiliary, and generator set
solutions, as well as optional dual fuel, diesel-electric, and hybrid system configurations. With the launch of Caterpillar Propulsion
our comprehensive and evolving product line gives customers one source for the most extensive e ngine power range available,
complete propulsion systems, controllable pitch propellers, transverse and azimuth thrusters, and c ontrols. Cat and MaK products
and technologies are proven reliable and are built to last in all marine applications, demonstrating s uperior productivity and the
lowest lifecycle cost.
The Cat Global Dealer Network, more than 2,200 global service locations strong, ensures that youll have local expertise, highlytrained technicians, rapid parts delivery, and the proper equipment and services to keep you working anytime, anywhere.
Construction, term, or repower financing through Cat Financial helps you make Cat and MaK power a reality. With our knowledge
of c ustomer needs, local markets, and legal and regulatory requirements, weve been providing tailored financing solutions and
exceeding expectations since our start in 1986.
For more information and to find your local dealer, please visit our website: MARINE.CAT.COM
Visit Cat Financial at: CatPowerFinance.com
Caterpillar Marine
Europe, Africa, Middle East
Americas
Asia Pacific
Caterpillar Marine
A Division of
Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co.KG
MaK Americas Inc.
Caterpillar Marine Trading

(Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Neumhlen 9
22763 Hamburg/Germany
3450 Executive Way

Miramar Park of Commerce
Miramar, FL. 33025/USA
25/F, Caterpillar Marine Center

1319, Yanan West Road
200050 Shanghai/P. R. China
Caterpillar Marine Asia

Pacific Pte Ltd
No. 5 Tukang
Innovation Grove
Singapore 618304
Republic of Singapore
Phone: +49 40 2380 3000

Telefax: +49 40 2380 3535
Phone: +1 954 885 3200

Telefax: +1 954 885 3131
Phone: +86 21 6226 2200

Telefax: +86 21 6226 4500
Phone: +65 68287 600

Telefax: +65 68287 625
For more information please visit our website:

www.marine.cat.com
Subject to change without notice.

Pictures Uwe Reicherter
Leaflet No. 263 05.14 e L+S VM3
2014 CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, MaK, Caterpillar Yellow

and the Power Edge trade dress, as well as corporate and product identity used
herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.
TM
Caterpillar Marine is committed to sustainability. This document is printed on PEFC

certificated paper.

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HIGH SPEED SOLUTIONS FOR HARBOR

AND TERMINAL TUGBOATS

ALL THE PULL YOU NEED

THE PREFERRED OPTION

(Number of vessels, Source: LLOYDS Database 2012)

Though Harbor and Terminal tugboats operate an average of

Accumulated Number of Tugs Built

Making sure large vessels sometimes carrying hazardous

TIME TO MAXIMUM POWER

450 rpm 1,000 rpm

380 rpm 1,800 rpm

SIZE AND WEIGHT

Fig. 3: Installation of high-speed engines is less complicated with lower costs

Medium Speed Engine

Conversely, medium-speed engines are more efficient at high

Fig. 5: Relative Fuel Consumption 65 T Harbor & Terminal Tugboat Solution

Fig. 4: Operartional Profile Harbor & Terminal Tugboats

Fig. 6: Operational standard costs

Fig. 7: Operational cost structure over a 15-year period

Cost (Millions of Dollars)

THE ULTIMATE CHOICE

Fig. 8: Benefits of high-speed engines

Customer Service Network

The Power You Need.

MaK Americas Inc.

Caterpillar Marine Trading

3450 Executive Way

25/F, Caterpillar Marine Center

Caterpillar Marine Asia

Phone: +49 40 2380 3000

Phone: +1 954 885 3200

Phone: +86 21 6226 2200

Phone: +65 68287 600

For more information please visit our website:

Subject to change without notice.

2014 CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, MaK, Caterpillar Yellow

Caterpillar Marine is committed to sustainability. This document is printed on PEFC

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