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    Lab 2

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    Huda
    GIS DATA STRUCTURE (VECTOR DATA, RASTER DATA, BASIC GIS DATA FORMAT)

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    Huda
    26 views12 pages
    GIS DATA STRUCTURE (VECTOR DATA, RASTER DATA, BASIC GIS DATA FORMAT)

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    lab2

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    GIS DATA STRUCTURE (VECTOR DATA, RASTER DATA, BASIC GIS DATA FORMAT)

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views12 pages

    Lab 2

    Uploaded by

    Huda
    GIS DATA STRUCTURE (VECTOR DATA, RASTER DATA, BASIC GIS DATA FORMAT)

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 12

    OBJECTIVES

    1. To introduce the vector and raster data.


    2. To learn how to create a shapefile.
    3. To gain experience on how to digitize features such as roads, buildings, and streamlines.
    INTRODUCTION
    Vector data consists of located points (nodes), lines (a connected series of points), and areas (a
    closed, connected series of points, also called polygons). Attributes information can be
    appended to a point, line, or area. An line representing a road could include attributes such as
    name, width, and surface.
    Raster data consists of a grid with values associated with each cell in the grid. Higher resolution
    raster files have smaller cells. Remotely sensed imagery is in raster format; each cell
    represented or radiated from the earth in the area covered by the cell. Raster data can have
    points (one cell), lines (a series of adjacent cells), or areas (a closed series of adjacent cells).
    Raster data can also include attributes.
    METHODOLOGY
    Step 1: Setup the data
    Launch ArcMap. Then add the picture of topography, set up the unit and also coordinate
    system. Enter data in decimal degrees format and Kertau RSO Malaya (meters) for coordinate
    system.

    Figure 1.1: Click the Data Frame Properties icon

    Figure 1.2: Setup the unit in Decimal Degrees

    Figure 1.3: Select the coordinate system


    Step 2: Create shapefile
    Shapefile is vector data storage format for storing the location, shape, and attributes of
    geographic features.

    Figure 2.1: Right click the folder to select shapefile at New icon

    Figure 2.2: Name the object and select the suitable feature type

    Figure 2.3: Click Start Editing to edit attributes of geographic features.

    Step 3: Repeated step for every attributes of geographic features.

    Figure 3.1: New shapefile for new attributes of geographic features.

    Figure 3.2: New shapefile Name as Tasik and feature type is polygon

    Step 4: Create Features

    Figure 4.1: Create features for every shapefile

    Figure 4.2: Unclick at the layer to see the plotted features

    Figure 4.3: Click Add Field icon at Table to rename the features

    Figure 4.4: Name every selected features

    Figure 4.5: Click Label features in the layer to display the renamed features

    Figure 4.6: Choose the symbol at Symbol Selector

    Figure 4.7: Choose the suitable symbol for geographic features


    Step 5: Change layout view

    Figure 5.1: Click the Layout View in the View icon before saving process

    Figure 5.2: Click Insert icon to add legend in layout view

    Figure 5.3: Insert legend needed for layout view

    Step 6: Save export map

    Figure 6.1: Click the file icon and choose Export Map

    Figure 6.2: Save the map as PDF type

    Figure 6.3: Map in the form of PDF format

    RESULT AND DISCUSSSION


    A GIS file format is a standard of encoding geographical information into a file. They are created
    mainly by government mapping agencies or by GIS software developers.
    Vector data usually result in high quality maps. GPS devices collect vector data for many public
    organization such as USGS and Census TIGER. Private sources or mappable data provide data
    in vector format. Most GIS software uses vector data.
    While the most common mappable raster data is satellite and areal imagery, available from
    public and private sources. Most GIS software allows to use raster and vector data together.
    CONCLUSION
    As a conclusion, GIS are driven by spatial data. There are two formats used by GIS systems to
    store and retrieve geographical data which vector data and raster data. Vector data based on
    geometry of points, lines and polygons. While raster data based on geometry of grid cell such
    as images, bitmaps and DEMs.

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