Marcet Lab Final 1

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA
Faculty of Engineering & Computing
Laboratory Report
Title of Experiment: Marcet boiler

Experiment #: 2
Date: January 26, 2016
INSTRUCTOR: Mr Sahlu Baker
COURSE NAME: Unit Operations Laboratory 2

PROGRAMME: Chemical Engineering
SUBMITTED BY: Adrian Fagan, Ronaldo Dixon, Jason Smith
DATE SUBMITTED: February 09, 2015
ID Nos Respectively: 1301500, 1301284, 1104822
Title: Marcet Boiler

Experiments Aim:
To investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature of saturated steam.
Background:
An ideal gas obeys the equation of state that the pressure, specific volume or density, and
absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the gas constant, R. PV =
mRT
M
= nRT.
Where, P = Absolute pressure, V = Volume, m = mass of molecule, n = Amount of substance

(moles), R = Ideal gas constant T = Absolute temperature (K). However, real gas does not
absolutely obey the equation of state (Gunt.de,2016). A few changes on the ideal gas equation of
state allow its application in the properties of real gas. When energy increases within water, the
increasing of activities among the molecules enables the increase in the number of molecule
escape from the surface until an equilibrium state is reached. The state of equilibrium depends on
the pressure between the water surface and steam. At lower pressure, the molecules become
easier leaving the water surface while less energy required in achieving the state of equilibrium
(boiling point). The temperature where equilibrium occurs at a given pressure level is called
saturated temperature. Cussons P5700 Marcet Boiler is used to investigate the relationship
between the pressure and temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water, at all
pressures between atmospheric pressure and 17 bars (Salah, 2014) . The slope of the saturated
pressure vs saturated temperature graph can be compared with corresponding values calculated
from the data in the steam tables found using the Clausius- Clapeyron equation:
[dP/dT]sat = hg - hf
T (Vg Vf)
hfg
T (Vg Vf)
where:
hf = specific enthalpy of saturated liquid
hg = specific enthalpy of saturated vapour
hfg = specific enthalpy of vaporization
Vf = specific volume of saturated liquid
Methodology:
As outline in the lab manual
Apparatus:
Figure 1 Showing diagram of the apparatus used for this experimental exercise.
1-Safety valve, 2-boiler with insulating jacket, 3-bourdon tube pressure gauge, 4-Switch cabinet
with temperature display, 5-drain valve, 6-heater, 7-overflow, 8-Temperature sensor.
Results:
Gauge
Pressure
P (bar)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Absolute
Pressure
P (bar)
1.013
2.013
3.013
4.013
5.013
6.013
7.013
8.013
9.013
10.013
11.013
12.013
13.013
14.013
15.013
16.013
17.013
18.013
Saturation Temperature, T - C
Increasing P
Decreasing P
99.0
127.5
138.5
146.5
154.5
160.0
166.0
170.5
175.0
179.0
183.5
187.0
190.0
193.5
197.0
200.0
203.5
207.0
101.5
133.5
144.5
147.0
152.5
160.0
166.0
172.0
177.0
182.0
186.0
189.5
194.0
198.5
202.0
204.5
206.5
207.0
Mean
100.3
130.5
141.5
146.8
153.5
160.0
166.0
171.3
176.0
180.5
184.8
188.3
192.0
196.0
199.5
202.3
205.0
207.0
Saturation
Temperature
C
99.97
120.42
133.68
143.73
151.94
158.92
165.03
170.48
175.42
179.94
184.12
188.02
191.66
195.09
198.34
201.42
204.35
207.16
Saturation
Temperature
K
373.12
393.57
406.83
416.88
425.09
432.07
438.18
443.63
448.57
453.09
457.27
461.17
464.81
468.24
471.49
474.57
477.50
480.31
Table 1 Showing Experimental Data Obtained From Marcet Boiler
Atmospheric Pressure = 1.013bar

Atmospheric Temperature =240C
Barometer Correction Factor =
Treatment of Results:
TEMPERATURE
(C)
TEMPERATURE
(K)
ABSOLUTE
PRESSURE
(bars)
ABSOLUTE
PRESSURE
(MPa)
100.3
130.5
141.5
146.8
153.5
160.0
166.0
171.3
176.0
180.5
184.8
188.3
192.0
196.0
199.5
202.3
205.0
207.0
373.45
403.65
414.65
419.95
426.65
433.15
439.15
444.45
449.15
453.65
457.95
461.45
465.15
469.15
472.65
475.45
478.15
480.15
1.013
2.013
3.013
4.013
5.013
6.013
7.013
8.013
9.013
10.013
11.013
12.013
13.013
14.013
15.013
16.013
17.013
18.013
0.1013
0.2013
0.3013
0.4013
0.5013
0.6013
0.7013
0.8013
0.9013
1.0013
1.1013
1.2013
1.3013
1.4013
1.5013
1.6013
1.7013
1.8013
Table 2 Showing Conversions of Variables Pressure and Temperature
Graph Showing Absolute Pressure (MPa) vs Average Temperature (K)

2
1.8
1.6
f(x) = 0.02x - 6.86
R = 0.92
1.4
1.2
Absolute pressure(Mpa)
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
Temperature(K)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
hfg
Vg
hfg
T vg
dP
[ dT
Pressure
(MPa)
T(K)
1.1013
457.95
1996.92
0.177888
24.513
28.57143
1.2013
461.45
1985.09
0.16308
26.37879
27.02703
1.3013
465.15
1971.56
0.15103
28.06427
25
1.4013
469.15
1958.6
0.14064
29.68377
28.57143
472.65
1.5013
1946.13
0.13159
31.28979
Table 3 Representing Pressure (kPa), Temperature (K) values
35.71429
sat
40
35
30
25
[dP/dT]sat & [hfg/Tvg]
20
calculated slope
Linear (calculated slope)
15
measured slope
10
5
0
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Asolute pressure
Graph Showing the results obtained from the plot of

sat
hfg
T vg
vs Absolute Pressure
dP
vs Absolute Pressure and [ dT
Sample calculations: Data from Row 1, table 3.

Temperature average:
@gauge pressure= 10 bar
Tavg (C) = (T increase + T decrease) / 2
Tavg (C) = (183.5+ 186.0) / 2
Tavg = 184.8 C
From saturated water-temperature table for 184.8 C:
(185-184.8)/(185-180)= (1996.2- h_fg)/(1996.2-2014.2)
0.2/5= (1996.2- h_fg)/(-18)
-0.72= 1996.2- h_fg
h_fg= 1996.2 +0.72
h_fg=1996.92
vg is calculated as follows:
(185-184.8)/(185-180)= (0.17390- v_g)/(0.17390-0.19384)
0.2/5= (0.17390- v_g)/(-0.01994)
-0.003988= 0.17390- v_g
v_g= 0.17390+0.003988
v_g=0.177888
Tvg is calculated as follows:
= 457.95 * 0.177888
Tvg = 81.464
h_fg )/T_vg is calculated as follows:
(h_fg )/T_vg = 1996.92/81.464
(h_fg )/T_vg = 24.513

Calculations of the absolute pressure for temperature 168.75C:
Pressure gauge + P atmosphere = P absolute
Since P atmosphere is taken as 1 bar then:
P absolute = 10 + 1.013
P absolute = 11.013 bars
11.013 bars * 0.1 MPa / 1 bars
P absolute = 1.1013 MPa
Conversion of the temperature, 184.8C, to Kelvin (K):

T(K) = 184.8 + 273.15
T(K) = 457.95
Conversion of the temperature, 173.25C, to Kelvin (K):
T(K) = 188.3 + 273.15
T(K) = 461.45 K
Calculating the value of dT:
dT = (461.45 457.95) K
dT = 3.5 K
Reference
Salah, A. (2014). marcet boiler.Slideshare.net. Retrieved 9 February 2016, from
http://www.slideshare.net/areesalah/marcet-boiler-30868236
Gunt.de,. (2016). Retrieved 9 February 2016, from

http://www.gunt.de/networks/gunt/sites/s1/mmcontent/produktbilder/06020400/Datenblatt/06020
400%202.pdf

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UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

Faculty of Engineering & Computing

Title of Experiment: Marcet boiler

COURSE NAME: Unit Operations Laboratory 2

Title: Marcet Boiler

absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the gas constant, R. PV =

Where, P = Absolute pressure, V = Volume, m = mass of molecule, n = Amount of substance

Table 1 Showing Experimental Data Obtained From Marcet Boiler

Atmospheric Pressure = 1.013bar

Table 2 Showing Conversions of Variables Pressure and Temperature

Graph Showing Absolute Pressure (MPa) vs Average Temperature (K)

[dP/dT]sat & [hfg/Tvg]

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Graph Showing the results obtained from the plot of

vs Absolute Pressure and [ dT

Sample calculations: Data from Row 1, table 3.

(h_fg )/T_vg = 24.513

Conversion of the temperature, 184.8C, to Kelvin (K):

Gunt.de,. (2016). Retrieved 9 February 2016, from

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