343.1 - PMP Full Sample Exam-Answers and Rationales

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PMP FULL SAMPLE EXAM Answers & Rationales

1. A contract obligates the seller to provide the specified product and
obligates the buyer to pay for it. In this context, which of the following is a
mandatory feature of a contract?
A-) Legally binding
B-) Complicated
C) Very detailed statement of work
D-) Signatures of senior leadership of the buyer
A contract is a legal relationship subject to remedy in the courts.
2. After the project schedule is created, a project manager should use

schedule control for all of the following EXCEPT:
A-) Influencing the factors that create schedule changes
B-) Determining that the project schedule has changed
C-) Determining planned start and finish dates for project activities
D-) Managing actual schedule changes as they occur
Option C is an activity performed as part of the Develop Schedule process.

The remaining options are activities that are performed as part of Control
Schedule process.
3. You have recently assumed charge of a project from another project

manager. You want to know what kind of information you should provide
to different stakeholders and what methods to adopt for this purpose.
You will find this information in the:
A) Communications management analysis
B) Performance reports
C) Project records
D) Communication management plan
The communication management plan provides stakeholder

communications requirements, information that need to be
communicated, including language, format, content, level of detail,
methods or technologies, etc.
4. You had earlier worked as a project manager in a firm specializing in

manufacturing semi-conductor chips. Now that you are working with a
competitor,
A) You should not use the knowledge gained in the first company to
improve the competitor`s product quality
B) You can use the knowledge gained in the first company to improve
your present company`s product quality
C) You should get your first company`s approval before doing anything
that may adversely impact them
D) You should do nothing by way of competing with or undermining the
products of the first company
Knowledge gained in one company is not proprietary information and can

be used in subsequent jobs. This is acceptable as long as you do not
unethically use any contacts or proprietary information belonging to the
first company. Options A, C, and D are inappropriate, because they imply
that knowledge and experience gained from the first company, if used in
the present company might adversely impact the former company`s
business interests.
5. There are two projects:

Investment in project A is $ 1,000,000 and its NPV is $ 100,000
Investment in project B is $ 1,200,000, its net cash inflows are $
2,000,000, and net cash outflows are $ 1,900,000
Which project should be selected if net present value(NPV) criterion is
used for selection?
A) Project A
B) Project B
C) The information in the question is inadequate
D) Either project A or project B
NPV of project A = $ 100,000 NPV of project B = $ 2,000,000 - $ 1,900,000

= $ 100,000 Both projects have the same NPV; therefore, either project
may be selected, if NPV criterion is used.
6. You have completed the process of developing options and actions to

enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives. What
is your NEXT step?
A) Determine which risks may affect the project and document their
characteristics.
B) Implement risk response plans, track identified risks, and monitor
residual risks.
C) Define how to conduct risk management activities for a project.
D) Assess the priority of identified risks using their probability of
occurrence.
Plan Risk Responses is the process of developing options and actions to

enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives
Monitor and Control Risks is the process of implementing risk response
plans, tracking identified risks, and monitoring residual risks Please note
that this process should follow Plan Risk Responses process. So, option B
is the correct answer. The other options take place prior to Plan Risk
Responses process.
7. As a project manager, you are using the configuration management

system to centrally manage approved changes and baselines within the
project. What are the configuration management activities that you will
include in the integrated change control process?
A) Configuration accounting and verification and audit
B) Configuration identification, status accounting, and configuration
accounting
C) Configuration identification, status accounting, and verification and
audit
D) Configuration verification, configuration identification, and risk
forecast
Some of the configuration management activities included in the

integrated change control process are: configuration identification,
configuration status accounting, and configuration verification and audit.
8. During Plan Quality process, you are going to use Design of Experiments
(DOE) to determine which factors might influence specific variables.
Which variable can be used in your analysis?
A) Dollars
B) Pounds
C) Weight
D) Meters
Weight is the only variable here. All the other options refer to units of
currency and measurement.
9. All the following statements about a project life cycle are correct EXCEPT:
A) All project life cycles are usually identical.
B) The level of risk is highest at the start of the project and decreases as
the project progresses.
C) The ability of the stakeholders to influence the final characteristics is
highest at the start and gets progressively lower as the project
continues.
D) Cost and staffing requirements usually peak during the intermediate
phases.
Although many projects may have similar phase names with similar
deliverables, few are identical. Some will have only one phase..., Other
projects may have many phases.
10.There has been a change in the scope of your project, which may
adversely impact the project schedules and cost. You have updated the
technical and planning documents. All the requested changes and
recommended corrective actions will now be processed through:
A) Impact request statements
B) Change control system
C) Integrated Change Control process
D) Changes to the scope management plan
Controlling the project scope ensures all requested changes and

recommended corrective or preventive actions are processed through the
Perform Integrated Change Control process.
11. You are working as a project manager in a software vendor. Your

company signs a contract with a customer to develop a Questionnaire
Software. Your manager Wayne brings you to the meeting with customer.
In the meeting you realize that automation tool will be developed for
marketing department of the customer and all financial resources will be
provided by Marketing Director, Linda. You also meet with the technical
manager of the project in customer, David, who will assist you to execute
your project and project manager of customer Lily. Who is the sponsor of
the project?
A) Wanye, Your Manager
B) David, Technical Manager of Customer
C) Lily, Project Manager of Customer
D) Linda, Marketing Director
Project sponsor provides financial resources for project.
12.You would like to obtain information, quotations, bids, offers, or

proposals from sellers as part of the Conduct Procurements process. In
this process, which of the following is the most critical?
A) Determine whether a product should be purchased or manufactured
in-house.
B) Ensure that prospective sellers clearly understand the technical and
contract requirements.
C) Clarify the structure and requirements of the contract.
D) Prepare an independent estimate to verify the proposed price
structures of the seller.
Bidder conferences (sometimes called contractor conferences, vendor

conferences, and pre-bid conferences) are meetings with all prospective
sellers and buyers prior to submittal of a bid or proposal. They are used to
ensure that all prospective sellers have a clear and common
understanding of the procurement (both technical and contractual
requirements), and that no bidders receive preferential treatment.
13.You are the project manager of an educational company. You know that
the technical writing team starts editing the project document 15 days
after they start writing it. This waiting time can also be referred to as:
A) Lead time
B) Project float
C) Constraint
D) Lag
A lag directs a delay in the successor activity.
14.You have recently conducted a variance analysis of your project and found
that the project is 25% over-budget. This is a very important issue, which
you would like to discuss with your project stakeholders. What
communication method should you use?
A) War room discussion
B) Face-to-face meeting
C) Formal report
D) Telephone calls and electronic mail
Face-to-face meetings are the most effective means of communicating

and resolving issues with stakeholders. When face-to-face meetings are
not warranted or practical (e.g., international projects), telephone,
electronic mail, and other electronic tools can be used for exchanging
information.
15.A project manager disclosed some crucial information to a prospective

seller. Which aspect of PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct did
he violate?
A) Maintain and satisfy the scope and objectives
B) Prevent conflict of interest
C) Provide accurate and truthful representations
D) Refrain from offering or accepting inappropriate payments, gifts, etc.
The project manager should maintain and respect the confidentiality of

sensitive information obtained in the course of professional activities or
otherwise where a clear obligation exists. Also, the project manager
should ensure that a conflict of interest does not compromise legitimate
interests of a client or customer, or influence professional judgments.
16.You are given the following four projects. Which project will you select?
A) Project A with an opportunity cost of $ 100,000
B) Project B with a benefit-cost ratio of 0.75
C) Project C with an IRR of -2%
D) Project D with NPV of $ 100,000
If Project B and project C are selected the company would suffer losses.
Project A is not selected, because opportunity cost is not a project
selection criterion. Project D is the only suitable option, because this
project has a positive NPV and hence could be selected.
17.You have geographically dispersed team members, from whom you would
like to anonymously obtain expert opinion on the project you are
managing. Which information gathering technique should you use?
A) Brainstorming
B) Delphi technique
C) SWOT analysis
D) Checklists
The Delphi technique is a way to reach consensus of experts. Project risk

experts participate in this technique anonymously.
18.A project manager has to manage conflict in an organization. Which of the

following could be the source of least conflict in an organization?
A) Weak matrix structure with multiple managers to report to
B) Low position in the organization hierarchy
C) Roles that are not well defined
D) Work pressure and high stress
A low position in the organization could be the source of least conflict.

Please note that Option A (Weak matrix structure with multiple managers
to report to ), Option C (Roles that are not well defined) and Option D
(Work pressure and high stress) increase conflict in an organization
19.You are working as a project manager in an automobile company.

Recently the government has amended the regulations to enforce stricter
emission requirements for automobiles. As a project manager, you are
concerned that your project quality norms may not satisfy the revised
quality standards. So, you do an audit and try to remedy this problem
through:
A) Quality assurance
B) Quality planning
C) Quality control
D) Modifications to quality management plan
Perform Quality Assurance is the process of auditing the quality

requirements and the results from quality control measurements to
ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.
20.Almost all projects are planned and implemented in a social, economic, or

environmental context, and have intended and unintended positive or
negative impacts. In this context, which of the following statements about
enterprise environmental factors is NOT true?
A) Neither promote nor hold back the project management processes
B) May restrict the project management processes
C) May promote the project management processes
D) May either promote or hold back the project management processes
Enterprise environmental factors may enhance or constrain project

management options and may have a positive or negative influence on
the outcome
21.After collecting requirements, one of your tasks as a project manager is to

prepare a scope statement for your project. The scope statement
provides:
A) Authorization to the project manager for using organizational
resources for project activities.
B) Documentation of how the project scope will be managed and how
scope changes will be integrated into the project.
C) Definition for work breakdown structure
D) A documented basis for making future project decisions and for
confirming or developing a common understanding of the project
scope among the stakeholders.
Project Scope Statement. Narrative description of the project scope... and

for confirming or developing a common understanding of project scope
among the stakeholders.
22.You have been given a high priority task that needs to be completed
within a short time frame. Since you know what has to be done, you
assign tasks to different team members and tell them when and how the
tasks should be completed. The management style that you are following
is:
A) Directing
B) Laissez Faire
C) Delegating
D) Task-oriented
In Directing, managers tell people what tasks will be performed and when
and how they should be done.
23.A contract is legally binding in all the following cases EXCEPT:

A) The seller is not able to produce goods as part of the contract.
B) The signatory to the contract leaves the company.
C) The buyer is not able to satisfy financial obligations.
D) The contract violates the law of the land.
A contract is a legal relationship subject to remedy in the courts.
24.Please refer to the table below:

Task A --> Optimistic:5, Pessimistic:9, Most Likely:7
Task B --> Optimistic:8, Pessimistic:14, Most Likely:10
Task C --> Optimistic:4, Pessimistic:7, Most Likely:5
If these three tasks (i.e., Tasks A, B, and C) are not part of the critical path of a
project, what is the PERT estimate for the duration of the project?
A) 22.5
B) 10.33
C) 32
D) Cannot be determined
Since the tasks are not on the critical path of the project, we cannot
determine the PERT estimate for the duration of the project. The PERT
estimate can only be calculated for the critical path of the project.
25.All the following statements relating to communications management are

correct EXCEPT:
A) Communication planning involves determining the information and
communication needs of the stakeholders.
B) Communicating is the most critical skill for a project manager.
C) Project managers spend more than 90% of their time communicating.
D) To be effective, a project manager should control all communication
channels.
A project manager cannot control all the communication channels,

because the number of such channels could be very large. Also, the
number of communication channels is fixed. For N people, the number of
communication channels is N * (N-1) / 2.
26.While reviewing the performance reports of your project, you notice that
the Cost Performance Index (CPI) is 1.2 and Schedule Performance Index
(SPI) is 0.8. In this case you should:
A) Make changes to the performance baseline to improve the SPI
B) Evaluate options to crash or fast-track the project
C) Inform the management why the project got delayed
D) Tell the team-members that they have no option but to meet the
target dates as stated in the project schedule
Since SPI is 0.8, the project is behind schedule. But since CPI is 1.2, you are
under budget. Option B (Fast tracking or crashing) is the only alternative
that helps solve the problem. They may increase costs but decrease the
project timelines.
27.Which project will be selected from the following options?

A) Project A: internal rate of return of 12%, opportunity cost $0
B) Project B: internal rate of return of - 2%, opportunity cost of $ 20,000
C) Project C: benefit cost ratio of 0.5, payback period of 6 months
D) Project D: internal rate of return of 0%, opportunity cost of $ 200,000
The only suitable option is option A, because the internal rate of return is
positive, i.e., 12%. All other options exhibit unfavorable selection criteria.
Opportunity cost is not a selection criteria.
28.During Plan Risk Responses process, you realize that there is a critical risk
which may have a high impact on the project completion. So, you create a
fallback plan which could include any of the following conditions EXCEPT:
A) Subcontracting the project to an outside vendor
B) Developing fallback options
C) Allocating contingency reserves
D) Reviewing risks driven by strategies
Subcontracting the project to an outside vendor is a risk transference

technique. It simply transfers the responsibility of managing the risk to the
other party but does not eliminate the risk. So, we should not subcontract
a critical risk unless it is explicitly mentioned that the seller has expertise
in handling such risks. A fallback plan can be developed for
implementation if the selected strategy is not fully effective or if an
accepted risk occurs. Developing further fallback options, allocating
contingency reserves, reviewing risks driven by strategies etc should be
contained in the fallback plan.
29.A technological advance, legal requirement, or social need refers to:

A) Issues that need to be managed in the project plan
B) Environmental factors that usually have detrimental effect on the
project
C) Risks that have to be managed by the project manager
D) Factors contributing to the creation of the business case
The business case is created as a result of one or more of the following:

Market demand, Organizational need, Customer request, Technological
Advance, Legal requirement, Ecological impacts, Social need
30.After quality planning, you have created a component-specific tool to

verify that the required steps have been performed to test your product.
This can also be referred to as:
A) Checklist
B) Operational definition
C) Quality management plan
D) Design of experiments (DOE)
A checklist is a structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify

that a set of required steps has been performed.
31.In a kick-off meeting for your project, you provided information to your
team members about the different process groups to be followed in the
project. According to PMI, which are the project management process
groups?
A) Conceptualizing, Initiating, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and
Closing
B) Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing
C) Initiating, Verifying, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing
D) Initiating, Planning, Executing, Controlling, and Administrative Closure
The five process groups are Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and
Controlling, and Closing.
32.As a project manager, you wish to review the detailed description of work
packages and control accounts. In which document would you find this
information?
A) Work performance measurements
B) RBS
C) Work performance information
D) WBS dictionary
The WBS dictionary provides more detailed descriptions of the

components in the WBS, including work packages and control accounts.
33.As a project manager, you are interested in the personal activities of

team-members. Other than working with you on the project, the team
members love to go out with you for lunch or play an occasional game of
golf. The power that you have over the team members is:
A) Penalty power
B) Expert power
C) Legitimate power
D) Referent power
The five interpersonal influences are: Legitimate Power: The ability to gain
support, because project personnel perceive the project manager as being
officially empowered to issue orders. Reward Power: The ability to gain
support, because project personnel perceive the project manager as
capable of directly or indirectly dispensing valued organizational rewards
such as salary, promotion, bonus, and future work assignments. Penalty
Power: The ability to gain support, because the project personnel perceive
the project manager as capable of directly or indirectly dispensing
penalties that they wish to avoid. Penalty power usually derives from the
same source as reward power, with one being a necessary condition for
the other. Expert Power: The ability to gain support, because personnel
perceive the project manager as possessing special knowledge or
expertise. Referent Power: The ability to gain support, because project
personnel feel personally attracted to the project manager or her project.
34.In your project, you wish to manage procurement relationships, monitor

contract performance, and make changes and corrections as needed. For
this, you use all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Contract
B) Work performance information
C) Approved change requests
D) Project schedule
Project schedule is an input to the Plan Procurement Management

process; all the other options are inputs to Control Procurements process.
35.In your project team, you have developed a rule of thumb that scarce
resources will have to be allocated first to the critical path. This rule of
thumb can also be referred to as:
A) Constraints
B) Assumptions
C) Best Practices
D) Heuristics
Heuristics (or rule of thumb), such as allocation of scarce resources to the

critical path first, can be applied to develop a schedule.
36.During critical negotiations on outstanding issues arising out of a contract,

you should pay close attention to which form of communication?
A) Oral formal
B) Oral informal
C) Non-verbal
D) Written formal
Non-verbal communication forms more than 55% of the total

communication and is important to pay attention to while negotiations
are being conducted
37.When the contract is halfway through, the buyer requests you to

incorporate some additional requirements which were not defined in the
original contract. Since satisfying the buyer is important, you go ahead
and incorporate those requirements as part of the project. According to
PMI, this action is a violation of which aspect of Code of Ethics and
Professional Conduct?
A) Responsibility to maintain and satisfy the scope and objectives
B) Responsibility to ensure that a conflict of interest does not
compromise legitimate interests
C) Responsibility to provide accurate and truthful representations
D) Responsibility to cooperate with PMI concerning ethics violation and
the collection of related information
Option A is violated because adding the requirement violates the

contractual terms, which will impact project deliverables.
38.Your business partner is ready to invest $ 110,000 in your company one

year from now. The interest rate used in your company to calculate
Present Value (PV) of expected yearly benefits and costs is 10%. What is
the PV of this investment?
A) $112,000
B) $100,000
C) $80,000
D) $70,000
PV = 110,000 / (1 + 10/100) = 100,000
39.As a project manager, you estimate that, in your project, there is:
50% probability of earning $ 40,000 profit
50% probability of incurring $ 25,000 loss
What is the expected profit/loss for the project?
A) $32,500
B) $25,000
C) $7,500
D) -$7,500 (i.e. loss of $ 7,500)
Expected Profit = Sum of (Probability X Profit) (for each alternative) = (0.50

x $ 40,000) + (0.50 x - $ 25,000) = $ 20,000 - $ 12,500 = $ 7,500
40.In the process of directing and managing the project work, your project
team may request changes to expand or modify project scope, policies,
procedures, project cost, or budget. Which of the following is NOT a
request for a change?
A) Direct or indirect
B) Externally or internally initiated
C) Optional or legally mandated
D) Formal or informal
Requests for change can be direct or indirect, externally or internally

initiated, and can be optional or legally/contractually mandated.
41.As a project manager, you are aware that quality has costs associated with
it. Which of the following statements is NOT related to cost of quality?
A) Cost of appraising the product or service for conformance to
requirements
B) Cost of rework
C) Costs incurred by investment in preventing non-conformance to
requirements
D) Cost of evaluating alternative projects
Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by
investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraising
the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to
meet requirements (rework)
42.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a project life cycle?

A) Stakeholder influence, risk, and uncertainty are highest at the start of
the project.
B) Ability of the stakeholders to influence final characteristics of the
project`s product increases as the project progresses.
C) The project life cycle determines which transitional actions at the
beginning and end of the project are included, so that the project can
be linked to the ongoing operations of the performing organization.
D) Stakeholder influence, risk, and uncertainty decrease as the project
progresses.
Stakeholders` ability to influence the final characteristics of the project`s

product, without significantly impacting cost, is highest at the start of the
project and decreases as the project progresses towards completion.
43.When you encounter constraints as a project manager, in which

document will you record the information about these constraints?
A) Project scope statement
B) Risk register
C) Issue log
D) Change management plan
Information on constraints may be listed in the project scope statement

or in a separate log.
44.In your project, you would like to document team member roles and
responsibilities. You have documented project roles as responsible,
accountable, consult and inform. A good way to depict the information is
through:
A) RBS (resource breakdown structure)
B) RAM (responsibility assignment matrix)
C) Text-oriented format
D) WBS (work breakdown structure)
A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is used to illustrate the

connections between work packages or activities and project team
members. One example of a RAM is a RACI (responsible, accountable,
consult, and inform) chart.
45.In a fixed price contract, the buyer decides to increase the scope of work
to make the product better. In this case, which of the following can the
buyer NOT do?
A) Issue a contract change request
B) Start another fixed price contract to do the additional work
C) Start another cost reimbursable contract to do the additional work
D) Cancel the existing contract and start a new contract
Cancellation of the contract has to be done by both the seller and the
buyer (i.e., the buyer cannot unilaterally cancel the contract).
46.You are in the test phase of your software project, and the project
sponsor has requested a definitive estimate of when your project will be
completed. The most likely estimated duration is 30 days. Which of the
following duration estimations will you give to your sponsor?
A) 29 - 31 days
B) 24 - 36 days
C) 20 - 40 days
D) 15 - 45 days
The different types of estimates are: Definitive: - 5% to +10% accuracy

Budgetary: -15% to +25% accuracy Order of magnitude: - 50% to +50%
accuracy So, if -5% to +10% variation is allowable, only 29 - 31 days fits
that criterion.
47.You, as the project manager, are planning to document relevant

information on interest, involvement, and impact of the stakeholders on
the project success. Which of the following processes should you follow?
A) Control Stakeholder Engagement
B) Plan Communications Management
C) Manage Stakeholder Engagement
D) Identify Stakeholders
Identify Stakeholders is the process to identify all those (people or

organizations) impacted by the project and document relevant
information on their interests, involvement, and impact on the success of
the project.
48.As a PMI Certified project manager, you are responsible for all of the
following EXCEPT:
A) Maintaining the confidentiality of sensitive information that you have
access to
B) Managing situations wherein conflict of interest arises
C) Ensuring the integrity of your team members
D) Refraining from offering and accepting inappropriate payments and
gifts
Although the project manager is responsible for ensuring the integrity of

the project, she cannot be responsible for the integrity of her team
members. However, she should definitely try to influence her team
members to perform all project activities in an ethical manner and with
integrity.
49.While doing monitoring and controlling for your project, you notice that
the cost variance is negative, but schedule variance is positive. This
indicates:
A) Cost and schedule are not dependent on each other
B) Project is under budget and behind schedule
C) Project is over budget and ahead of schedule
D) Crashing may be recommended to make the cost variance positive
Positive schedule variance means the project is ahead of schedule;

negative cost variance means the project is over-budget. Also, please note
that crashing will increase costs and impact the cost variance adversely .
50.Since you know the importance of risk management, you always include it
as an agenda item in your weekly status meetings and spend ten minutes
discussing the risks. Some of your project team members complain that
since none of the risks are actually happening, discussing risk
management issues in status meetings is a waste of time. What should
you do?
A) Talk to your team members about the importance of risk management
and why the project team needs to be aware of all risks at all points of
time.
B) Agree with your team members and mention to them that henceforth,
no more time would be spent on discussing risks in the project status
meetings unless required in the future.
C) Call a meeting with your project sponsor and project management
team to discuss potential training requirements for your project team
members so that they can appreciate the benefits of risk management.
D) Escalate to your management that some of your team members do not
agree with your risk management practices.
Project Risk Management should be an agenda item at periodic status

meetings. The amount of time required for that item will vary, depending
upon the risks that have been identified, their priority, and difficulty of
response.
51.The aggregation of the processes, tools, techniques and methodologies to

manage a project is referred to as:
A) Project management system
B) Change Control System
C) Organizational process assets
D) Project management information system
Project Management System: The aggregation of the processes, tools,

techniques, methodologies, resources, and procedures to manage a
project.
52.After performing quality control using checklists, the completed checklists

should become part of the:
A) Organizational process assets updates
B) Project document updates
C) Project management plan updates
D) Lessons learned documentation
When checklists are used, the completed checklists become part of the
organizational process assets updates.
53.You are responsible for the development and launch of a NASA satellite.
Your role is that of a:
A) Project Manager
B) Project Coordinator
C) Program Manager
D) Functional Manager
A program is defined as a group of projects managed in a coordinated way

to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them
individually.
54.In your project, while doing scope verification of the product, the
customer points out that a particular work component performed by a
team member is not as per specification. You review the project WBS and
confirm that the customer is correct. What would be your NEXT step?
A) Put the particular requirement through the change control process
B) Call a meeting of your project team to discuss this requirement
C) Escalate the issue to your project sponsor
D) Review the requirement and talk with the team member who
implemented the requirement
The best option is to first review the requirement, contained in the project
WBS, with the particular team member who has implemented the
requirement. Either the team member has not done the work properly or
there might have been lack of clarity in defining the requirement in the
WBS.
55.You are the blue-eyed boy of your vice chairman who appreciates the way
in which you work in projects. She also consults you during performance
appraisals. This helps you in managing interpersonal relationships with
your team members, because you have the following power:
A) Legitimate
B) Expert
C) Penalty
D) Referent
Penalty Power: The ability to gain support, because the project personnel
perceive the project manager as capable of directly or indirectly
dispensing penalties that they wish to avoid. Penalty power usually
derives from the same source as reward power, with one being a
necessary condition for the other.
56.In your project, you would like to use the `Conduct Procurements` process
to obtain quotations for subcontracting your work. All the following tools
can be used to facilitate this process EXCEPT:
A) Bidder conferences
B) Contract types
C) Advertising
D) Procurement negotiations
Contract types are not tools or techniques used in Conduct Procurements

process.
57.Since you are in the preliminary stages of your project, you estimate that
your project may be completed in one year. However, the optimistic
estimate is 6 months and pessimistic estimate is 18 months. This type of
estimate is also called:
A) Definitive
B) Capital cost
C) Order of magnitude
D) Feasibility
The different types of estimates are: Order of Magnitude: -50% to +50%

Budget Estimates: -15% to +25% Definitive Estimates: -5% to +10%
58.As part of Project Communications Management, you are collecting and

disseminating information to stakeholders about resources used to
achieve project objectives. This is done as part of:
A) Plan Communications
B) Distribute Information
C) Report Performance
D) Administrative closure
Report Performance is a process of collecting and distributing

performance information, including status report, progress
measurements, and forecasts. Report Performance process involves
periodic collection and analysis of baseline versus actual data to
understand and communicate project progress and performance, as well
as to forecast the project results.
59.You have earned a doctorate from MIT and are currently working with a
leading chip manufacturer. A seller you met at a vendor conference
requested you to be their part-time consultant to design an innovative
automobile component. At MIT, you did a similar project and are inclined
to participate in the venture, as there is no conflict of interest involved. In
this context, it is advisable that you should:
A) Decline the seller`s offer, because it could be construed as conflict of
interest by your company
B) Ask your senior management whether you can participate in this
venture
C) Leave the company and take up the seller`s offer, because it interests
you
D) Accept the seller`s offer and inform senior management
Option B is the best choice. This is the first step that you should take.
Once you inform the senior management, they may allow you to take the
part-time assignment with the seller, if they see no conflict of interest. If,
on the other hand, your company sees this as conflict of interest, you can
go for
60.The value of work actually accomplished is also known as:

A) Planned Value
B) Earned Value
C) Actual Cost
D) Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled (BCWS)
Earned Value is physical work actually accomplished.
61.You are the project manager of a software company developing a new

banking software product. You would like to obtain information from
various experts about the risks associated with your project. You decide to
use the Delphi technique because this keeps any one person from having
undue influence on the outcome of the Identify Risks process. The Delphi
technique also has the added advantage that it:
A) Finds out a problem, discovers the reasons that led to it, and develops
preventive actions.
B) Helps reduce bias in the data.
C) Examines the project from each of the SWOT perspectives to increase
the breadth of the identified risks.
D) Provides a qualitative assessment of risk.
The Delphi technique helps reduce bias in the data and keeps any one
person from having undue influence on the outcome.
62.You are preparing a document using project statement of work, business

case, contract, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational
process assets. These are valid inputs for:
A) Develop Project Management Plan
B) Direct and Manage Project Work
C) Develop Project Charter
D) Perform Integrated Change Control
Project statement of work, business case, contract, enterprise

environmental factors, and organizational process assets are inputs for
the Develop Project Charter process.
63.Quality management complements project management, as both

recognize the importance of:
A) Exceeding customer expectations using additional features
B) Providing customer satisfaction
C) Decreasing total scope of ownership of the project
D) Decreasing risks associated with outsourcing
Modern quality management complements project management, as both

disciplines recognize the importance of customer satisfaction, prevention
over inspection, continuous improvement, and management
responsibility.
64.You are working as a project manager. You are in the process of defining
and documenting stakeholders` needs to meet project objectives. What
documents are you going to use for this purpose?
A) Project charter
B) Requirements documentation
C) Stakeholder register
D) Project charter and stakeholder register
Project charter includes project goals and objectives. Stakeholder register

includes needs and expectations of stakeholders.
65.The customer and project manager need to validate the scope of the
deliverables. This will help to:
A) Ensure proper project selection
B) Create WBS
C) Obtain customer`s acceptance of the project deliverables
D) Mitigate project risks
Validate Scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed

project deliverables. Validating scope includes reviewing deliverables with
the customer or sponsor to ensure that they are completed satisfactorily
and obtaining formal acceptance of deliverables by the customer or
sponsor.
66.According to Herzberg`s theory, the absence of hygiene factors can create

job dissatisfaction, but their presence does not motivate or create
satisfaction. Which of the following can be categorized as a hygiene
factor?
A) Recognition
B) Responsibility
C) Advancement in career
D) Interpersonal relations
Factors such as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations,

working conditions and salary are hygiene factors
67.In your project, the process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a

seller, and awarding a contract is performed as part of :
A) Control Procurements
B) Plan Procurements
C) Conduct Procurements
D) Close Procurements
Conduct Procurements is the process of obtaining seller responses,

selecting a seller, and awarding a contract.
68.Please refer to the chart given below:
What is the slack of task 3?

A) 1
B) 0
C) 2
D) -1
The lengths of the different paths are: Path1: Start -> 1 -> 2 -> End: 10
Path2: Start -> 3 -> 5 -> End: 11 Path3: Start -> 4 -> 5 -> End: 12 Since the
longest path is Start -> 4 -> 5 -> End, this is the critical path. Length of the
critical path is 12. Slack = 12(critical path duration) - 11(duration of path
having task 3) = 1
69.In your project, as part of Manage Communications process, you have

created an information retrieval system, which helps team members and
stakeholders to share information. What will you do next?
A) Create a communications management plan
B) Perform stakeholder analysis to develop a methodical and logical view
of information needs
C) Determine methods of accessing information for scheduled
communications
D) Conduct regular status review meetings to exchange information on
the project
Option D (communication methods like status review meetings) is one of

the tools and techniques used for Control Communications process, which
is performed after Manage Communications process.
70.You are in the closing stage of the project. While reviewing the product,
you have come to know that the tolerance is .05 microns more than what
was specified in the project requirements. This is a very minor deviation,
and you know that your customer will not notice it during product
delivery. Also, it will not adversely impact your customer when the
product is put to actual use. What should you do in this situation?
A) Inform the customer about the deviation
B) Change the project documents to allow for small deviations
C) Ask your project team to make changes to the product
D) Create a change request to make changes in the product
It is the project manager`s responsibility to maintain and satisfy the scope

and objectives of professional services, unless otherwise directed by the
customer. Option A: This is the correct answer. According to PMI, if there
is any change in the project or product scope, it has to be explained to the
customer, who can then make an informed decision.
71.The following are the details of a project: Payback: $2,000 Profit: $1,000
Project cost: $800 Life cycle cost: $1200 What is the Benefit Cost Ratio for
this project?
A) 2.50
B) 1.25
C) 1.67
D) 0.83
BCR = Payback/Project Cost = 2000/800 = 2.50
72.In Plan Risk Responses process, you are developing options and actions to
reduce threats to your project`s objectives. When you show the results to
your project sponsor, she is not comfortable with the risks in the project
and suggests that the project scope should be decreased. This is an
example of:
A) Risk acceptance
B) Risk avoidance
C) Risk mitigation
D) Risk transfer
Risk avoidance involves changing the project management plan to

eliminate the threat entirely. The project manager may also isolate the
project objectives from the risk`s impact or change the objective that is in
jeopardy. Examples of this include extending the schedule, changing the
strategy, or reducing scope.
73.You are in the process of developing a project charter for your project and
would like to use organizational process assets as inputs for the purpose.
In this context, which of the following statements about organizational
process assets is NOT correct?
A) Organizational process assets do not include organization
communication requirements.
B) Any and all the process related assets that are used to influence the
project`s success can be drawn upon from any or all of the involved
organizations.
C) Organizational process assets represent the lessons learned by the
company from previous projects.
D) Organizational standard process, policies, and standardized process
definitions are used in the organization.
Organizational processes and procedures for conducting work include...

organization communication requirements. The other organizational
process assets that can influence the Develop Project Charter process
include but are not limited to organizational standard processes, policies,
and standardized process definitions for use in the organization,
templates (e.g., project charter template), historical information, and
lessons learned knowledge base, etc.
74.In your organization, 3 sigma quality processes have been implemented.

That means all measurements should be within ____ % of the target
value.
A) 99.99
B) 99.7
C) 95.4
D) 68.2
A standard normal distribution, which shows standard deviation (or

sigma) as distance of the measurement from the mean (target) value. For
3 sigma, this is 99.7%
75.You are the project manager in a company, which has a balanced matrix
organizational structure. Who do you report to?
A) Functional Manager
B) Program Manager
C) Manager of Project Managers
D) Portfolio Sponsor
The project manager reports to the functional manager in a balanced

matrix organization
76.You have recently joined as the project manager of ABC Company. You
notice that the customers are getting frequent change requests
implemented by informally approaching the team members. This has
resulted in work disruption and discontent among team members. What
should be your FIRST priority to remedy the situation?
A) Create a detailed project scope statement
B) Align the project objectives with the organizational goals
C) Ensure proper project scope control
D) Call a meeting of all the project stakeholders to resolve any
outstanding issues
Controlling the project scope ensures all requested changes and

recommended corrective or preventive actions are processed through the
Perform Integrated Change Control process. Project scope control is also
used to manage the actual changes when they occur and is integrated
with the other control processes. Uncontrolled changes are often referred
to as project scope creep.
77.As a project manager, you are in the process of creating a list of all the
project team members, their roles, and communication information. This
information should reside in:
A) Project plan
B) Project team directory
C) Performance reports
D) Responsibility assignment matrix
Project team directory is a documented list of project team members,

their project roles, and communication information.
78.In your company, you are in the process of deciding whether to buy a
product or to make it in-house. All the following statements related to
make-or-buy analysis are correct EXCEPT:
A) Make-or-buy analysis is part of the Conduct Procurements process that
can be used to determine whether a particular product can be
produced cost effectively by the performing organization.
B) A make-or-buy analysis should consider all related costs.
C) Budget constraints may influence make-or-buy decisions.
D) Buy-side of the analysis includes both the actual out-of-pocket costs to
purchase the product, as well as the indirect costs of supporting the
purchasing process.
Make-or-buy analysis is part of the Plan Procurement Management

process. It is a general management technique used to determine
whether particular work can best be accomplished by the project team or
outsourced.
79.An activity has an optimistic estimate of 10 days, pessimistic estimate of

16 days, and most likely estimate of 13 days. What is the Beta PERT
estimate for the task?
A) 13 days
B) 10 days
C) 16 days
D) Cannot be determined with available information
In a normal distribution, the PERT duration (also called mean) =

{Pessimistic + (4* Most Likely) + Optimistic}/6 = {10 + (4 * 13) + 16}/6 = 13
80.In your project, you actively manage stakeholders` expectations. This is

helpful for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
A) Chances of stakeholders` acceptance of the project goals increase.
B) Expectations of stakeholders are influenced and negotiated to achieve
and maintain project goals.
C) Stakeholders` awareness of all project details is ensured
D) Concerns are uncovered and discussed.
Actively managing the expectations of stakeholders to increase the

likelihood of project acceptance by negotiating and influencing their
desires to achieve and maintain project goals. Addressing concerns that
have not become issues yet, usually relates to the anticipation of future
problems. These concerns need to be uncovered and discussed.
81.You are doing a project under cost-reimbursable contract where the

target price was $ 1,200,000. Your project is nearing completion and CPI is
currently 1.4. You are concerned that you will be losing money by billing
for less. In this context, you should:
A) Tell your buyer about the CPI as it stands today and explain the reasons
for the deviation from the plan.
B) Invoice for $ 1,500,000 because there are chances for costs being
higher in a subsequent project.
C) Tell the bad news to the buyer and suggest charging more from the
customer.
D) Add some extra features to cause "customer delight".
As per PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, you should assume:
a. Responsibility to maintain and satisfy the scope and objectives of
professional services, unless otherwise directed by the customer Option
A: This is the correct answer, because it is ethical to inform the buyer
about the CPI as it stands.
82.Calculate the to-complete performance index of your project, based on

EAC, when the actual cost of your project is $200,000, cost variance of
your project is $25,000 and the budget at completion of your project is
$350,000.
A) 1.125
B) -1.4
C) 1
D) -1
CV= EV-AC EV = CV + AC = 25,000 + 200,000 =225,000 CPI=EV/AC

=225,000/200,000 =1.125 EAC= BAC/CPI =350,000/1.125 =311,111.11
TCPI=BAC-EV/EAC-AC =350,000-225,000 / 311,111.11-200,000 =125,000 /
111,111 = 1.125
83.In your new project the objective is to develop a new drug. After doing
financial analysis, your finance manager provided you with these
statistics:
30% probability of success with benefits of $ 700,000
70% probability of failure with loss of $ 300,000
Based on this information, you:
A) Suggest that the project should proceed.
B) Suggest that the project should be stopped.
C) Communicate to your senior management that you cannot take a
decision whether to proceed with the project or not.
D) Start working on the project and ask your finance manager for
additional information.
Expected Value of the project = Expected Value of success (0.30 * $

700,000) + Expected value of Failure (0.70 * - $ 300,000) = 210,000 210,000 = 0 Since the Expected Value is "0", you cannot take a decision
whether to continue with the project or not.
84.The customer communicates a request for a change in your project plan.

What should be your first step towards addressing the change request?
A) Talk with team members to understand implications of the change.
B) Communicate the change to the management to get their inputs.
C) Open up a change control.
D) Implement the change and communicate to the customer.
Any time the customer requests for a change, you should: 1. Understand
what kind of change is requested and talk with team members to assess
the implication of the change. 2. Open up a change control if there is a
formal change control mechanism. 3. Communicate the change to the
management, and inform the customer about the impact of the change
(e.g. increase in sizing, schedule, etc.). 4. Implement the change if it is
accepted.
85.Your company manufactures bearings for the automobile industry. You

have historical information on the identified errors and defects, and you
would like to use this information to determine future performance. An
appropriate tool which you can use is:
A) Scatter diagram
B) Statistical sampling
C) Control chart
D) Trend analysis
Trend analysis is performed using run charts and involves mathematical

techniques to forecast future outcomes based on historical results. Trend
analysis is often used to monitor technical performance - how many errors
or defects have been corrected and how many remain uncorrected.
86.Your director has appointed you as a portfolio manager in the company.

Your responsibility as a portfolio manager is to:
A) Select and support projects or program investments
B) Manage groups of projects in a coordinated way
C) Create a unique product, service, or result
D) Ensure that customer requirements are satisfied through progressive
elaboration of projects
A portfolio refers to a collection of projects or programs and other work

that are grouped together to facilitate effective management of that work
to meet strategic business objectives.
87.As part of decomposing, you break down the project work that needs to
be accomplished in the near term at a low level of WBS. However, the
work planned in the future is broken down at a relatively high level of
WBS. This technique is called :
A) Procrastination
B) Delaying tactics
C) Futuristic planning
D) Rolling wave planning
Rolling Wave Planning: A form of progressive elaboration planning where

the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail at a low
level of the Work Breakdown Structure, while the work far in the future is
planned at a relatively high level of the work breakdown structure.
88.In your software project, you have a programmer, who constantly

professes to know all about project management and keeps challenging
his superiors. The programmer is playing the role of:
A) Aggressor
B) Conflict maximizer
C) Devil`s Advocate
D) Dominator
Dominator team member -Always tries to take over -Professes to know

everything about project management -Tries to manipulate people -Will
challenge those in change for a leadership role
89.You will use the Conduct Procurements process to receive bids or

proposals and apply the selection criteria for selecting a provider. Which
of the following tools and techniques can be used for the Conduct
Procurements process?
A) Procurement negotiations, bidder conferences, and independent
estimates
B) Procurement negotiations, contract types, and bidder conferences
C) Procurement negotiations, make-or-buy analysis, and independent
estimates
D) Performance reporting, advertising, and independent estimates
Procurement negotiations, bidder conferences, advertising, and

independent estimates are some of the tools and techniques used in the
Conduct Procurements process.
90.Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying

the project finish date. It is also called:
A) Slack
B) Free float
C) Path float
D) Critical path
Float is also called slack.
91.The processes used in Project Communications Management are:

A) Plan Communications Management, Manage Communications and
Control Communications
B) Plan Communication, Report Performance, and Integrated Change
Control
C) Plan Communication, Administrative Closure, Report Performance, and
Distribute Information
D) Identify Stakeholders, Manage Communications, and Control
Communications
Processes of Communications Management Knowledge Area are: Plan

Communications Management, Manage Communications and Control
Communications
92.You recently took over the responsibilities of a project manager from

another person. While reviewing the project cost, you realize there has
been an item of $120,000 waiting to be paid, which, you think, is a
disputed item. Your project CPI is 1.1. In this case:
A) Since this is a small amount compared to the total project value, it can
be paid ignoring all objections.
B) Since the project CPI is greater than one, you do not have any
difficulties with the cost of the project. You can, hence, bury the
payment in contingency account and move on with the project.
C) You should inform your manager and ascertain the facts of the matter
before making the payment.
D) You must refuse the payment.
Option C is the best answer because, as a project manager, you are

supposed to deal with any issue or alleged unethical practice and not
ignore it.
93.In your project, you have reasons to believe that the current variances
occurred because of extraneous factors, and you do not expect similar
variances to occur in future. What should be the estimate at completion
(EAC) for your project?
BAC = $ 300,000
AC = $ 100,000
EV = $ 150,000
CPI = $ 1.5
A) $ 250,000
B) $ 220,000
C) $ 280,000
D) $ 200,000
Since current variances are atypical, Estimate at Completion, EAC = AC +

BAC - EV = $ 100,000 + $ 300,000 - $ 150,000 = $ 250,000
94.Workarounds differ from contingency plans in that:

A) Contingency plans are planned in advance and workarounds are not
planned in advance.
B) Workarounds are planned in advance and contingency plans are not
planned in advance.
C) Contingency plans include plans for force majeure events, e.g. natural
calamities, but workarounds are the residual risks in the project.
D) Workarounds only include plans for force majeure events, e.g. natural
calamities
Workaround. A response to a negative risk that has occurred.

Distinguished from contingency plan in that a workaround is not planned
in advance of the occurrence of the risk event.
95.As a project manager, you know that project plan development is an

important element to manage projects. Develop Project Management
Plan is done as part of:
A) Initiating
B) Planning
C) Executing
D) Controlling
Develop Project Management Plan process belongs to planning process

group.
96.You are working as a research assistant studying the growth of bacteria

under different environmental conditions. Based on your experiments,
you conclude that the longevity of bacteria increases as the temperature
increases. What type of diagram can you use to illustrate your
observation?
A) Control chart
B) Run chart
C) Scatter diagram
D) Histogram
A scatter diagram shows the relationship between two variables. This tool
allows the quality team to study and identify the possible relationship
between changes observed in two variables. Dependent variables versus
independent variables are plotted. The closer the points are to a diagonal
line, the more closely they are related.
97.A project manager is responsible for managing project costs and human
resources. Factors like cost and staffing level for a project:
A) Increase with duration of the project
B) Decrease with duration of the project
C) Are low at the start, peak as the work is carried out, and drop rapidly
as the project draws to a close
D) Cannot be determined, as they are specific to the project
Cost and staffing level is lowest during beginning and closure of a project
typically and highest during the project work is performed.
98.In your project, you are preparing the requirements management plan to
define and document stakeholders` need to meet the project`s objectives.
All of the following are components of the requirements management
plan EXCEPT:
A) Traceability structure
B) WBS
C) Requirements prioritization process
D) Product metrics
Components of the requirements management plan can include, but are

not limited to... requirements prioritization process, product metrics that
will be used and the rationale for using them; and traceability structure,
that is, which requirements attributes will be captured on the traceability
matrix and to which other project documents requirements will be traced.
99.Among the various conflict resolution modes (Confrontation,

Compromise, Withdrawal, Forcing, and Smoothing), which conflict
resolution mode is most preferred or least preferred by project managers
(answer format: most preferred, least preferred)?
A) Compromise, Withdrawal
B) Confrontation, Withdrawal
C) Confrontation, Forcing
D) Smoothing, Withdrawal
The most preferred conflict resolution techniques adopted by project

managers (in descending order of preference) are as follows: 1.
Confrontation 2. Compromise 3. Smoothing 4. Forcing 5. Withdrawal
100. In your project, the seller is worried that the CPIF contract is reaching the
point of total assumption. What is meant by the point of total
assumption?
A) Point where share ratio becomes irrelevant
B) Point where risk registers need to be updated
C) Point where buyer assumes all the risk
D) Point where seller decides not to do the project any more
Point of total assumption refers to the point where the costs have to be
incurred by the seller herself when they have exceeded the ceiling limits
stipulated in the contract. Hence, share ratio ceases to exist.
101. An activity has an optimistic estimate of ten days, pessimistic estimate of

sixteen days, and most likely estimate of thirteen days. Assuming a normal
distribution, what is the probability that the task will be completed within
10 to 16 days?
A) 99.99 %
B) 99.73 %
C) 95.46 %
D) 68.26%
In a normal distribution, the PERT duration (also called mean) {Pessimistic

+ (4* Most Likely) + Optimistic} / 6 = {16 + (4 * 13) + 10}/6 = 13 1 Standard
Deviation (sigma) = (Pessimistic - Optimistic) / 6 = (16 - 10) / 6 = 1 If the
task has to be completed within 10 days to 16 days, then the probability
of completion within the timeframe is 99.73%(3 sigma)
102. You are a procurements manager and are responsible for managing
complex procurement contracts. In this context, which of the following is
the most effective means of handling complex communications?
A) Formal oral
B) Formal written
C) Informal written
D) Informal oral
The best way to manage complex communications, such as in contracts, is

through formal written communication.
103. You realize that you are not able to concentrate on your work due to an
actual or potential conflict of interest situation. Which out of the following
should you NOT do, in this context?
A) Disclose the facts to the affected stakeholders
B) Prepare a mitigation plan
C) Seek stakeholders` consent to proceed further
D) Engage in decision-making activities related to the conflict of interest
situation
When you realize that you are in an actual or a potential conflict of

interest situation, you should immediately withdraw from engaging in
decision-making activities. Decisions taken in such situations might go
against the interests of your current project and the employer company.
104. Resource calendars provide information on a specific resource or a

category of resources. They show how a project team member might be
unavailable (on vacation or in a training program) or how a labor contract
can limit certain workers to certain days of the week. Resource calendars
are valuable inputs to:
A) Develop an approximation of the monetary resources needed to
complete project activities.
B) Aggregate the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages
to establish an authorized cost baseline.
C) Manage the actual changes when and as they occur.
D) Monitor work performance against funds expended.
Determine Budget is the process of aggregating the estimated costs of

individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost
baseline. Resource calendars are inputs to this process.
105. In risk management, you deal with processes concerned with conducting
risk management planning, identification, analysis, responses, and
monitoring and control. In this context, all the following statements
related to processes used in risk management are correct EXCEPT:
A) Processes interact with each other.
B) Processes always have discrete elements with well-defined interfaces
and never overlap.
C) Risk management processes interact with processes in other
knowledge areas.
D) Each process generally occurs at least once in every project, and occurs
in one or more project phases, if the project is divided into phases
The processes in risk management interact with each other and with the
processes in the other Knowledge Areas... Each process occurs at least
once in every project and occurs in one or more of the project phases, if
the project is divided into phases. Although the processes are presented
here as discrete elements with well-defined interfaces, in practice they
will overlap and interact.
106. You are in the initiating phase of your project and are involved with
creation of the project charter. Which of the following statements relating
to the project charter is NOT correct?
A) Includes or references the business need and product description.
B) Provides authority to the project manager.
C) Formally authorizes a project.
D) Authorized only by the project sponsor.
Projects are authorized by someone external to the project such as a

sponsor, PMO, or portfolio steering committee. The project initiator or
sponsor should be at a level that is appropriate to funding the project.
They will either create the project charter or delegate that duty to the
project manager.
107. You are trying to determine the cost and schedule trade-off, which will be
most appropriate for determining the ride quality of a car. You classify
factors like tire pressure, suspension, height of vehicle, etc., which have to
be optimized to improve ride quality. A tool you can use to facilitate
making the decision is:
A) Cost of quality
B) Cause-and-effect diagrams
C) Design of experiments
D) Network diagrams
Design of Experiments (DOE) is a statistical method for identifying which

factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under
development or in production.
108. In your project, you are coordinating people and resources as well as
integrating and performing activities of the project in accordance with the
project management plan. This is performed during:
A) Initiating Process Group
B) Executing Process Group
C) Planning Process Group
D) Monitoring Process Group
The Executing Process Group consists of those processes performed to

complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the
project specifications. This process group involves coordinating people
and resources as well as integrating and performing the activities of the
project in accordance with the project management plan.
109. In your project, you are subdividing major project deliverables into smaller,
more manageable components. This will be done as part of:
A) Create WBS
B) Scope Verification
C) Work Authorization System
D) Product Analysis
Decomposition is the subdivision of project deliverables into smaller,

more manageable components until the work and deliverables are
defined to the work package level. (Decomposition is done as part of
Create WBS process).
110. During manage project team process, a project manager performs all the
following activities EXCEPT:
A) To observe and converse to stay in touch with the work and attitudes
of project team members
B) To perform appraisals to clarify roles and responsibilities, develop
training plans, etc.
C) To negotiate for assignment of appropriate project members to the
team.
D) To maintain an issue log to document persons responsible for resolving
specific issues by a target date.
Option C (negotiation) is a tool and technique for Acquire Project Team

process. Option A (observation and conversation), Option B (project
performance appraisals) and Option D (issue log) are tools and techniques
for Manage Project Team process.
111. The scope of your project is very well defined and you have completed all
the work described in the contract to your satisfaction, but you think your
buyer is not happy with the work. What should you do (select the best
answer)?
A) Go through arbitration proceedings to ensure that disputes are
resolved
B) Talk with senior management about changing the scope of the project
to accommodate requirements that would satisfy the customer
C) Ask customer for inputs and get her advice on changes that need to be
made
D) Move to contract close-out
As stated in the question, the scope of your project is very well defined,
and you have completed all the work described in the contract. You
should now move towards contract close-out. Also note that `you think`
that your buyer is not happy, but there is no mention of the buyer
explicitly stating that she is not satisfied.
112. In which of the following processes is decomposition used as a tool?

A) Define Activities
B) Sequence Activities
C) Estimate Activity Resources
D) Estimate Activity Durations
Decomposition is a tool used in the Define Activities process.
113. In your project, a team member is not performing well. Best way to handle
issues of poor performance is through:
A) Informal written communication
B) Informal verbal communication
C) Formal written communication
D) Formal verbal communication
Informal verbal communication, such as in a face-to-face meeting, is the

best way to handle issues of poor performance and resolve disputes
among team members
114. You are managing a team consisting of members from four different
countries; you realize that some cultural differences among your team
members are hampering the progress of your project. In this context,
what should you do?
A) Conduct team building activities in which most of the team members
can participate actively.
B) Train your team members on project objectives.
C) Train your team members on the broad objectives of your
organization.
D) Provide training to your team members regarding cultural diversities
among different countries along with training on project objectives and
the company culture.
When working with team members of different countries, to ensure that

cultural diversities do not hamper the progress of the project, the project
manager must provide training to her team members regarding cultural
diversities among various countries, project goals, and the ethics and
culture of the company.
115. In your project, you have determined the planned quantity of work to be
performed. Luckily, a similar project was successfully completed three
months ago, and historical information from that project is readily
available. To get a cost estimate for your project, you multiply the planned
quantity of work in your project with the cost per unit obtained from the
previous project. This is a classic example of:
A) Analogous estimating
B) Determining resource cost rates
C) Bottom-up estimating
D) Parametric estimating
Parametric estimating uses a statistical relationship between historical

data and other variables to calculate an estimate for activity parameters,
such as cost, budget, and duration. An example for the cost parameter is
multiplying the planned quantity of work to be performed by the historical
cost per unit to obtain the estimated cost.
116. In your project, you are about to complete Plan Risk Responses process.
Completion of certain tasks marks the end of the process. Which one from
the following is NOT that task?
A) People have been identified to take responsibility for each agreed-to
and funded risk response.
B) High priority risks are addressed in detail in the risk register.
C) Low priority risks are included in the risk mitigation plan if they occur.
D) Negative risks have been considered for avoidance, transference or
mitigation.
Risks judged to be of low priority are included in a "watchlist" for periodic

monitoring.
117. A non-governmental agency authorizes a project to provide potable water

systems, latrines, and sanitation education to low-income communities.
The need for the project arose due to:
A) Market need
B) Business need
C) Social need
D) Legal requirement
The business case is created as a result of... social need (e.g., a nongovernmental organization in a developing country authorizing a project
to provide potable water systems, latrines, and sanitation education to
communities suffering from high rates of cholera).
118. A description of how a project management team should implement the

overall intention and direction of an organization with regard to quality
(as articulated by top management) is available in:
A) Operational definitions
B) Quality management plan
C) Checklists
D) Quality policy
The quality management plan describes how the project management

team will implement the performing organization`s quality policy.
119. Earlier you were working at the helpdesk of ABC company managing a
team. Your job primarily involved handling customer queries, analyzing
customer feedback, and supervising your team. You have recently been
re-assigned to a new project involving integration of the helpdesk
activities with an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) package. This project
will improve efficiency in the company and help in integrating all interrelated activities. All the following could be the possible differences
between helpdesk and the present project EXCEPT:
A) The objective of the project is to meet strategic objectives of the
company. The objective of the helpdesk was to sustain the business.
B) A project has to be planned, executed, and controlled, and it is not so
in the case of helpdesk.
C) As part of the project, you are creating a new information system, but
nothing unique was being created as part of the helpdesk activities.
D) Unlike a project, helpdesk was an ongoing operational activity.
Helpdesk work is an operational activity. Organizations perform work to

achieve a set of objectives. In many organizations, the work performed
can be categorized as either project or operations work.These two types
of work share a number of characteristics as follows: a.
Performed by
individuals b. Limited by constraints including resource constraints c.

Planned, executed, monitored and controlled Projects and operations
differ primarily in that operations are ongoing and produce repetitive
products, services, or results. Projects are temporary, and end.
120. Inspection includes activities such as measuring, examining, and testing

undertaken to determine whether results conform to requirements. The
other terms used for Inspection are all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Product review
B) Audit
C) Walkthrough
D) Stage-gate
Inspections are sometimes called reviews, product reviews, audits, or

walkthroughs.
121. You are the manager of a project, which aims to start 15 more schools in
your state. You have to deal with several non-government organizations,
state agencies, sponsors, and other stakeholders. There are conflicts
between stakeholders. In this context, you should know that maximum
intensity of conflicts happens due to:
A) Personality conflict, cost, and administration
B) Risk management, status meetings, and Define Scope
C) Schedules, priorities, and manpower
D) Administration, technical issues, and procedures
Source of conflicts in a project from highest to lowest respectively are:

Schedules, Priorities, Manpower, Technical, Procedures, Personality, Costs
122. In your project, you are preparing procurement documents to seek

proposals from prospective sellers. All the following statements about
procurement documents are accurate EXCEPT:
A) The buyer structures the procurement documents to facilitate an
accurate and complete response from prospective sellers.
B) Requests to potential sellers to submit a proposal or bid is formally
issued in accordance with the policies of the buyer`s organization.
C) With government contracting, some or all of the content and structure
of procurement documents can be defined by regulation.
D) The term `proposal` is usually used when the seller selection decision
will be based on price.
Terms such as bid, tender, or quotation are generally used when the seller
selection decision will be based on price (as when buying commercial or
standard items), while a term such as proposal is generally used when
other considerations such as technical capability or technical approach are
paramount.
123. An activity has an optimistic estimate of 10 days, pessimistic estimate of 16

days, and most likely estimate of 13 days. If your company has a quality
requirement of Six Sigma, what is the duration within which this task must
be completed (consider beta distribution in PERT calculations)?
A) 10 days to 16 days
B) 7 days to 19 days
C) 12 days to 14 days
D) 11 days to 15 days
In a normal distribution, the PERT duration (also called mean) =

{Pessimistic + (4* Most Likely) + Optimistic}/6 = {16 + (4 * 13) + 10}/6 = 13
1 Standard Deviation (1 Sigma) = (Pessimistic - Optimistic) / 6 = (16 - 10) /
6 = 1 So, if the company has Six Sigma quality requirements, Mean - 6
Sigma = 13 - 6 * 1 = 7 Mean + 6 Sigma = 13 + 6 * 1 = 19 The task can be
completed within 7 days to 19 days.
124. You are preparing the communications management plan for your project
by using communication requirements analysis. All the following
statements related to communication requirements analysis are accurate
EXCEPT:
A) Requirements are defined by combining the type and format of
information needed with an analysis of the cost of that information.
B) Project resources are expended on communicating information that
contributes to success.
C) Project resources are expended on communicating information where
lack of communication can lead to failure.
D) The intention is to prevent overloading stakeholders with minor
details.
The analysis of the communication requirements determines the

information needs of the project stakeholders. These requirements are
defined by combining the type and format of information needed with an
analysis of the value of that information.
125. You and your sponsor are discussing the financial benefits of selecting
between two similar projects - project A and project B. When evaluating
the projects, you realize that project A will cause some amount of shortterm environmental damage but minimal long-term environmental
problems. In this context, what will be the best course of action?
A) Explain to your senior management about the potential environmental
damage caused by project A and persuade them to discard the project.
B) Select the project A as there is only low probability of causing longterm environmental damage.
C) Try to find solutions to the environmental damage that may occur in
the future because of project A.
D) Undertake the project A but try to minimize the environmental
damage, if any.
Project managers, while making decisions regarding a project, should

preferably select a project with no(or minimal) negative impact on the
environment, community and society.
126.
What is the Earned Value (EV)?

A) $ 5,000
B) $ 10,000
C) $ 11,000
D) $ 12,500
Earned Value (EV) = The sum of the approved cost estimates for activities
completed during a given period = Estimated cost of work that is
completed after day 11 = $ 5,000 + $ 5,000 + $5,000*.50 = $ 12,500
(because Tasks A and B are completed and Task C is 50% complete).
127. In your project, you have completed Identify Risks process to determine
which risks may affect the project, and a risk register has been prepared.
What should you do NEXT?
A) Risk probability and impact assessment
B) Avoiding, transferring or mitigating negative risks
C) Exploiting, sharing or enhancing opportunities
D) Risk audits
After Identify Risks process, the next step is Perform Qualitative Risk
Analysis process. Risk probability and impact assessment is one of the
tools and techniques for Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process.
128. A new project manager has been appointed to manage a project which was
terminated six months earlier because of funding related issues. The
project manager wants to find out the exact reasons for the termination
of the project. He also wants to know which deliverables were produced
from the terminated project. Which of the following document(s) should
the project manager refer to?
A) Final product, service, or result transition
B) Project files
C) Historical information
D) Project closure documents
If the project was terminated prior to completion, the formal

documentation indicates why the project was terminated and formalizes
the procedures for the transfer of the finished and unfinished deliverables
of the cancelled project to others. During project closure the project
manager reviews prior phase documentation, customer acceptance
documentation from Scope Verification and the contract, to ensure that
all project requirements are complete prior to finalizing the closure of the
project
129. You are the project manager of a car manufacturing company. You
understand that there are costs associated with improvement in quality
parameters. To justify costs required to improve quality, you find out the
incremental increase in benefits for an incremental improvement in
quality. This is an example of :
A) Parkinson`s law
B) Learning Curve theory
C) Marginal analysis
D) Maslow`s hierarchy of needs
Marginal analysis balances the additional benefits from an action against

the additional cost. It is an acknowledgement that decisions should be
made based on the incremental gains and losses that result from a
decision.
130. Your construction company recently secured a project to build a new

flyover on Interstate 10. You have been appointed as project manager for
the assignment. Your company had successfully executed similar projects
in the past, and you would like to refer to the past project documents. At
what stage of the project should this be done FIRST?
A) Executing
B) Initiating
C) Planning
D) Monitoring and Controlling
Organizational Process Assets is an input to Develop Project Charter

(which is in the Initiating Process Group).
131. You are the project manager of a software company involved in creating an
anti-virus software product. You are in the execution phase of the project
when you realize that a requirement was not included in the product. This
is due to an omission in defining the scope baseline of the project. What
should you do?
A) Issue a change request
B) Take corrective action
C) Add the requirements to your product and continue with execution
D) Take defect repair action
Analysis of scope performance can result in a change request to the scope

baseline or other components of the project management plan.
132. You are promoted to a new role in your company to replace someone who
recently retired. To be an effective leader, which of the following should
you do FIRST?
A) Enroll in appropriate training programs
B) Understand all the leadership theories
C) Find out your strong and weak areas
D) Take advice from the person who retired from the company
(Option C) Finding out your strong and weak areas helps determine how
you can do the job better and become an effective leader. This may also
result in identifying the needed training programs. Therefore, option A
(enroll in appropriate training programs) and option B (learning all
leadership theories) are not recommended. Option D (Taking advice from
the person who retired from the company) is recommended, but this can
be done after determining your strong and weak areas.
133. Your company (buyer) has entered into a few contracts recently that have
not been successfully implemented. Your sponsor calls for a meeting to
determine what should be the overall goal while you negotiate contracts.
In this context, what should be the most important objective of a
contract?
A) Protect the interests of the project
B) Ensure that negotiation is conducted as per legal statutes
C) Negotiate for the best price and protect interests of the buyer
D) Objective could vary depending on the type of contract
It is the project management team`s responsibility to make certain that all

procurements meet the specific needs of the project while adhering to
organizational procurement policies.
134. In your project, you wish to include certain significant events in the
milestone list for the project based on historical information. Such
milestones are:
A) Optional
B) Mandatory
C) Statutory
D) Authorized
A milestone list identifies all milestones and indicates whether the

milestone is mandatory, such as those specified by contract, or optional,
such as those based upon historical information.
135. All the following are valid inputs for "Identify Stakeholder" process EXCEPT:
A) Enterprise environmental factors
B) Procurement documents(if project is done as part of a contract)
C) Project scope statement
D) Project charter
Project scope statement is output of Define Scope process.
136. While managing a crucial project for your company, your sponsor
reprimands you for not including an additional feature, beyond the
project scope, which could have provided "customer delight". In this
context, you should:
A) Resign from the project.
B) Give precedence to project and organizational objectives.
C) Complain against the sponsor to the customer.
D) Add the new feature to the product as requested by the sponsor.
The PMI code of ethics and professional conduct mandates a project

manager to maintain her professional demeanor at all times. Also, the
project manager should always try to uphold project and organizational
objectives.
137. In your project, you estimate the cost of individual activities or work
packages, and then roll up the individual estimates for subsequent
reporting and tracking purposes. This can be done using:
A) Bottom-up estimating
B) Analogous estimating
C) Parametric modeling
D) Top-down estimating
Bottom-up estimating is a method of estimating a component of work.

This technique is used to estimate the cost of individual work packages or
activities at the greatest level of specified detail. The detailed cost is then
summarized or rolled-up to higher levels for subsequent reporting and
tracking purposes.
138. Being a diligent project manager, you understand the importance of

identifying all project risks which can then be prioritized using Perform
Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis. In this context, which of the
following tools and techniques can be used for Identify Risks process?
A) Documentation reviews, brainstorming, root cause analysis and
checklist analysis
B) Assumptions analysis, probability and impact matrix, interviewing and
Delphi technique
C) Expected monetary value, root cause analysis, influence diagrams and
documentation reviews
D) Risk exploitation, assumptions analysis, influence diagrams and Delphi
technique
Option A: This is the correct answer as it has all the tools and techniques
which are used for Identify Risks process.
139. While managing a project for a manufacturing company, you receive a

change request from the customer for a minor alteration to the product
configuration. In this context, which of the following is NOT a step you
would take next?
A) Evaluate the impact of the change
B) Examine other options
C) Seek approval from change control board
D) Reject the change request as this would change the product
configuration
Requests for a change can be direct or indirect, externally or internally

initiated, and can be optional or legally/contractually mandated and can
include corrective and preventive actions.
140. You have successfully completed a project and the customer is happy with
the product. From a project management perspective, when a service or a
product meets customer expectations, it means that:
A) Cost of quality is low
B) Project is completed
C) Cost of quality is high
D) Quality is achieved
Quality refers to "the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics

fulfill requirements."
141. In your project, you use a specific set of processes and automation tools to
manage contract and procurement documentation. This is referred to as:
A) Claims administration
B) Project documents
C) Records management system
D) Procurement document package
Option C: This is the correct answer. Records management technique is a

technique used in Administer Procurements and Close Procurements
processes.
142. Please refer to the following diagram:
What is the effect on the project if the duration of task J is increased to 9

weeks?
A) No effect since task J is not on the critical path
B) Risk of the project will further increase
C) The overall time-frame required to complete the project will increase
by 1 week
D) Project has to be fast tracked or crashed to prevent delay
If the duration of task J is increased by 1 week, Start -> G -> I -> J -> End =
23 weeks; this also lies on the critical path (23 weeks). Since there are 3
critical paths now, a delay in any of the critical paths will delay the overall
project; this increases the overall risk to the project.
143. In the recent status meeting, you discover that your project has a 65
percent chance of making a USD 100,000 profit and a 35 percent chance
of incurring a USD 100,000 loss. What is the expected monetary value for
the project?
A) USD 100,000 profit
B) USD 100,000 loss
C) USD 30,000 profit
D) USD 30,000 loss
Expected monetary value is calculated by the formula EMV = Probability x

Impact. 0.65 x 100,000 = 65,000 0.35 x 100,000 = 35,000 EMV = 65,000 35,000 = 30,000
144. As a project manager, your key responsibility is to:

A) Prevent changes in the project
B) Manage project core teams` appraisal
C) Perform project integration and uphold the project`s interest
D) Maintain good relationship with vendors
In the project management context, integration includes characteristics of

unification, consolidation, articulation, and integrative actions that are
crucial to project completion, successfully managing stakeholder
expectations, and meeting requirements.
145. You are a project manager. During the quality audit, you find out that the
team members have committed a number of minor mistakes. To
determine whether the process is in control, the most helpful tool you use
is:
A) Ishikawa diagram
B) Pareto chart
C) Bar chart
D) Control Chart
Control Chart is the BEST tool here as, in this process, the appropriate
data is collected and analyzed to indicate the quality status of project
processes and products. Control charts illustrate how a process behaves
overtime and when a process is subject to special cause variation,
resulting in an out-of-control condition.
146. Your contract is nearing completion when the buyer mentions that there
are some outstanding issues - this can be a potential dispute or conflict
situation. In this context, what is the best way to deal with a dispute in a
contract?
A) Negotiation
B) Change request
C) Arbitration including mediation or alternative dispute resolution
methods
D) Litigation in courts
In all procurement relationships, the final equitable settlement of all

outstanding issues, claims, and disputes by negotiation is the primary
goal. Whenever settlement cannot be achieved through direct
negotiation, some form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) including
mediation or arbitration may be explored. When all else fails, litigation in
the courts is the least desirable option.
147. A project has a critical path of twenty-three weeks. What is the impact on
the duration of the critical path if the management wants you to complete
the project in twenty weeks?
A) Increases by three weeks.
B) Decreases by three weeks.
C) Remains the same.
D) Cannot be determined.
Duration of critical path = 23 weeks If the management wants to complete

the project in twenty weeks, then the project float will be: 20 - 23 = -3
weeks The project float compares the critical path with an externally
imposed date and may be negative. You may be forced to fast track or
perform crashing to ensure that the project is completed on time as
required by the management.
148. You are the project manager for a new software development project. A
previously unidentified risk is discovered when the project is nearing
completion. You realize that this risk may adversely impact the project`s
overall ability to deliver. As a project manager, what step do you take
FIRST?
A) Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
B) Inform the project sponsor and the stakeholders about the potential
impact of the risk on the project
C) Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
D) Mitigate the risk to reduce its impact
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis is the process of prioritizing risks for

further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of
occurrence and impact. Organizations can improve the project`s
performance by focusing on high-priority risks.
149. For a new project manager, who has never managed a project before, it is
BEST to rely on which of the following to improve chances of project
success?
A) Advice from outgoing project manager in the company
B) Your project management training
D) Intuition
Historical information and lessons learned information are transferred to

the lessons learned knowledge base for use by future projects or phases.
This can include information on issues and risks as well as techniques that
worked well that can be applied to future projects.
150. Recently, there have been quality related problems in your project and
your sponsor has asked you to work on improving the quality parameters.
In this context, all of the following statements on quality parameters are
correct EXCEPT:
A) Customer satisfaction refers to understanding and managing
expectations so that customer requirements are met.
B) Customer satisfaction is a combination of conformance to
requirements and fitness for use.
C) Quality should be planned and built in - not inspected in.
D) Cost of preventing mistakes is generally higher than cost of correcting
them.
One of the fundamental tenets of modern quality management states that

quality is planned, designed, and built in - not inspected in. The cost of
preventing mistakes is generally much lower than the cost of correcting
them when they are found during inspection.
151. The process of identifying the product needs that can be met by acquiring
products outside the project organization is done as part of:
A) Conduct Procurements
B) Administer Procurements
C) Close Procurements
D) Plan Procurement Management
Plan Procurement Management is a process that identifies those project

needs, which can best be, or must be, met by acquiring products, services,
or results outside of the project organization, versus those project needs,
which can be accomplished by the project team.
152. You are in the process of identifying and documenting the relationships
among the project activities. You want to ensure that every activity and
milestone except the first and last are connected to at least one
predecessor and one successor. Which of the following tools can you use
for this purpose?
A) Scheduling tool
B) Decomposition
C) Schedule network templates
D) Schedule compression
Sequence Activities is the process of identifying and documenting the

relationships among the project activities. Schedule network templates
are the tools used in this process.
153. You are in the execution stage of your project. For the information of the
stakeholders, you have documents to highlight project status, lessons
learned, issue logs, and outputs from other knowledge areas. These
documents should be included in:
A) Project reports
B) Change logs
C) Lessons learned documentation
D) Performance Reports
Project reports include formal and informal project reports that describe
project status, documents like lessons learned, issue logs, project closure
reports, and outputs from other knowledge areas.
154. In your project, the project manager believes in the superiority of his own
race or ethnic background. This is an example of:
A) Monochronic
B) Polychronic
C) Ethnocentric
D) Egalitarian
Some important definitions: a) Monochronic: Doing one thing at a time

b)
Polychronic: Doing many things at once c) Ethnocentric: Belief in
the superiority of one`s own race or ethnic background d)

Egalitarian: Treating all the project team members equally e) Culture
shock: Homesickness (in foreign assignments)
155. In your project, you use the earned value technique (EVT) to measure:
A) Work performance and magnitude of variation
B) Work schedule
C) Risk responses
D) Activity duration
Earned value technique (EVT) is a specific technique for measuring the

performance of work and used to establish the performance
measurement baseline (PMB).
156. In your project, you are formalizing acceptance of the completed project
deliverables. This is done during:
A) Perform Integrated Change Control
B) Validate Scope
C) Control Scope
D) Report Performance

project deliverables.
157. You have recently joined as a project manager of an equipment

manufacturing company. Your project sponsor stresses the importance of
obtaining stakeholders` formal acceptance of completed deliverables. This
should be done:
A) At the end of the project
B) At the end of each project phase
C) After deliverables are completed and ready for review
D) After project milestones are defined

project deliverables. Validating scope includes reviewing deliverables with
the customer or sponsor to ensure that they are completed satisfactorily
and obtaining formal acceptance of deliverables by the customer or
sponsor.
158. The project manager is trying to manage conflicting stakeholder

requirements. The IT manager wants a new management information
system. To lower costs, the system architect emphasizes technical
excellence, and the programming contractor wants to maximize profits.
To balance the needs of several stakeholders and achieve lasting
resolution of conflicts, the most desirable conflict resolution technique is:
A) Confrontation
B) Smoothing
C) Withdrawal
D) Forcing
Confrontation focuses on solving the problems. Leads to win-win situation

for both parties. Therefore, it is the most desirable conflict resolution
technique.
159. In your project, you notice that one of the team members is not following a
company policy about reporting daily status in the company Project
Management Information System. You also realize that by not following
this policy, the team member is able to be more productive since he
spends the extra time working on project deliverables. What will you do in
this situation?
A) Do nothing since the team member is more productive
B) Ask the team member to follow the company policies and report daily
status(even if it means lower productivity).
C) Modify the company policy to the requirements of the project.
D) Escalate this issue to senior management.
Project Managers should ensure that team members adhere to the

company policies at all times.
160. While performing variance analysis for your project, you refer to your
status reports which show the following information:
Planned value = $ 100,000
Actual cost = $ 125,000
Earned value = $ 90,000
In this context, all the following statements are true EXCEPT:
A) Schedule variance is - $ 10,000 and you are behind schedule
B) Cost variance is - $ 35,000 and you are over-budget
C) CPI is 0.5 and you are over-budget
D) SPI is 0.9 and you are behind schedule
CV (Cost Variance) = EV - AC = $ 90,000 - $ 125,000 = - $ 35,000 (since this

is negative, you are over-budget) CPI (Cost Performance Index) = EV/AC =
$ 90,000 / $ 125,000 = 0.72 (since this is <1, you are over-budget) SV
(Schedule Variance) = EV - PV = $ 90,000 - $ 100,000 = - $ 10,000 (since
this is negative, you are behind schedule) SPI (Schedule Performance
Index) = EV/ PV = $ 90,000 / $ 100,000 = 0.9 (since this is <1, you are
behind schedule) The above calculations show that all options except
option C are correct . Hence, option C is the right answer.
161. You have acquired a team and assigned tasks for the selected team
members of your project. This activity is performed during:
A) Planning
B) Monitoring and Controlling
C) Executing
D) Closing
Acquire Project Team is the process of confirming human resource

availability and obtaining the team necessary to complete project
assignments. Project staff assignments is an output of "Acquire Project
Team" process, which is a part of executing process group.
162. While performing Scope Control process, you ensure that all requested
changes and recommended corrective actions are processed through the
Perform Integrated Change Control process. In this context, if a change is
requested, what should the project manager do FIRST?
A) Discuss the change in the next status review meeting
B) Try to find out the financial implication of the change
C) Evaluate the change and try to prevent unwarranted changes
D) Involve the change control board
The project manager should always try to first evaluate the change and try
to prevent unwarranted changes, which can adversely impact the project
scope.
163. Managing conflicts is essential for successful implementation of a project.

The conflict resolution techniques that are most frequently used in project
management practice are:
A) Withdrawal, Forcing, Compromising
B) Withdrawal, Authoritative, Forcing
C) Withdrawal, Authoritative, Compromising
D) Withdrawal, Confronting, Legitimate
Most used conflict resolution techniques are: Withdrawal, Forcing and

Compromising
164. Patrick, a senior member of your team, brought to your notice a flaw in
one of the project`s deliverables. The team is now engaged in repairing it.
In which of the following project management processes would this be
performed?
A) Direct and Manage Project Work
B) Perform Integrated Change Control
C) Close Project or Phase
D) Monitor and Control Project Work
Direct and Manage Project Work also requires implementation of

approved changes covering corrective and preventive actions and defect
repair. Corrective action. Documented direction for executing the project
work to bring expected future performance of the project work in line
with the project management plan.
165. Your company manufactures bearings for the automobile industry. Control
charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has
predictable performance. Specification limits help to determine:
A) If process is within control limits
B) Whether the product would be successful in the market
C) Maximum and minimum values allowed
D) Process improvement opportunities
Control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or

has predictable performance. Upper and lower specification limits are
based on requirements of the contract. They reflect the maximum and
minimum values allowed.
166. In your contract, you can make pre-defined final adjustments to the
contract price due to changed conditions like inflation, foreign exchange
value fluctuations, and input cost variations. This provision is built into
which of the following types of contracts?
A) Cost Reimbursable contracts with escalation clauses
B) Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment contracts
C) Fixed Price Incentive Fee contracts
D) Cost Plus Award Fee contracts
Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment contract (FP-EPA) is a contract

type which is used whenever the seller's performance period spans a
considerable number of years as is desired with many long-term
relationships. It is a fixed-price contract, but with a special provision
allowing for pre-defined final adjustments to the contract price due to
changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or
decreases) for specific commodities.
167. Please refer to the diagram given below.
At time x, the project is :

A) Behind schedule, over-budget
B) Ahead of schedule, over-budget
C) Behind schedule, under-budget
D) Ahead of schedule, under-budget
The diagram shows that at time x, SPI < 1 (i.e., behind schedule) and CPI>1
(i.e., under-budget). Please note that in earned value management
calculations, ratios >1 is desirable.
168. You have created the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for your project.
Major project deliverables have been divided into smaller more
manageable components. What should you do NEXT?
A) Prepare a detailed project scope statement
B) Aggregate estimated costs of individual activities through cost
budgeting
C) Develop project schedule
D) Identify specific activities that need to be performed to produce
various project deliverables
Define Activities is the process of identifying specific actions to be

performed to produce the project deliverables. This is done after Create
WBS process.
169. Your current project has very limited information on activity durations. You
wish to use the actual duration of a previous, similar activity as a basis for
estimating the current activity duration. What should be your next step?
A) Create an activity list.
B) Calculate early and late start and finish dates for the unfinished project
activities.
C) Conduct performance reviews to determine variances.
D) Subdivide project work packages into smaller more manageable
components for better management control.
If you are working on a project, which has very limited information, then
when estimating durations... you should use the actual duration of
previous, similar projects as the basis for estimating the duration of the
current project. This is done as part of Estimate Activity Durations. Once
we estimate the duration of the project, we should calculate the early and
late start and finish dates.
170. You are the project manager at an aircraft manufacturing company, where
you use a wind tunnel to test how changes in different parameters like
wind speed, temperature, humidity, etc. will impact the flight parameters
of a prototype aeroplane. So, the project model is computed many times
(iterated), with the input values chosen at random for each iteration from
the probability distributions of these variables. The technique used is:
A) Monte Carlo simulation
B) Expected monetary value
C) Sensitivity analysis
D) Probability distributions
A project simulation uses a model that translates the specified detailed

uncertainties of the project into their potential impact on project
objectives. Iterative simulations are typically performed using the Monte
Carlo technique. In a simulation, the project model is computed many
times (iterated), with the input values (e.g., cost estimates or activity
durations) chosen at random for each iteration from the probability
distributions of these variables.
171. In your project, you want to ensure that each requirement adds business
value by linking it to the business and project objectives. This also
provides a means to track requirements throughout the project life cycle,
helping to ensure that requirements approved in the requirements
documentation are delivered at the end of the project. A tool that you can
use is:
A) Requirements documentation
B) Brainstorming
C) Requirements management plan
D) Requirements traceability matrix
The requirements traceability matrix is a table that links requirements to

their origin and traces them throughout the project life cycle. The
implementation of a requirements traceability matrix helps ensure that
each requirement adds business value by linking it to the business and
project objectives. It provides a means to track requirements throughout
the project life cycle, helping to ensure that requirements approved in the
requirements documentation are delivered at the end of the project.
172. All the project managers should be good at delegation because this helps
them concentrate on leadership activities and delegate routine activities.
In this context, which, out of the following, can a project manager
delegate to her subordinates?
A) Long-range planning
B) Performance appraisals
C) Project monitoring and controlling
D) Personal matters
A manager should not delegate long-range planning, performance

appraisals, personal matters, or leadership activities to her subordinates.
She can, however, delegate routine project monitoring and controlling
activities.
173. You are in the Close Project or Phase of the project. You finalize all
activities across all the project management process groups to formally
complete the phase. You also update documents, such as project
management plan, scope management plan, cost management plan, etc.
that are generated from project`s activities. These documents are also
referred to as:
A) Project or phase closure documents
B) Project plan
D) Project records
The project or phase closure documents, consisting of formal

documentation that indicates completion of the project or phase and
transfer of the completed project or phase deliverables to others, such as
an operations group or to the next phase.
174. In a scatter diagram, if points are close to the diagonal line, it indicates
that:
A) Scatter diagram has some erroneous data
B) Three variables are closely correlated
C) Independent and dependent variables are related
D) No inference can be made from the analysis
A scatter diagram shows the relationship between two variables. This tool
allows the quality team to study and identify the possible relationship
between changes observed in two variables. Dependent variables versus
independent variables are plotted. The closer the points are to a diagonal
line, the more closely they are related.
175. In your project, you are creating documents which will be used to solicit
proposals from prospective sellers. These can also be referred to as:
A) Procurement management plan
B) Procurement documents
C) Contract
D) Procurement statement of work
`Procurement documents` is one of the outputs of Plan Procurement

Management process, and is used to solicit proposals from prospective
sellers.
176. The actual cost of your project is $200,000, budget at completion is

$325,000, and the cost variance is -$25,000. From the data above
calculate the To-complete performance index of your project, given that,
senior management did not agree to revise the estimate at completion
based on current performance
AC = 200,000
BAC = 325,000
CV= -25,000
A) 0.7
B) 1.2
C) 0.8
D) 1
EV=AC+CV EV= 200,000-25000 EV= 175,000 CPI=EV/AC =175,000/200,000

=0.875 TCPI=(BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC) =(325,000 - 175,000)/(325,000 - 200,000)
=150,000/125,000 =1.2
177. You are the project manager in a company where you have maximum
authority. To which organizational structure does your company belong?
A) Functional
B) Weak Matrix
C) Strong Matrix
D) Projectized
Project Managers have maximum authority in a company with a

projectized organizational structure.
178. You are managing a project. Your company has set a pre-defined budget
for you to work with. In this context, a pre-defined budget is considered as
a:
A) Risk
B) Assumption
C) Constraint
D) Stage point
Constraint: An applicable restriction or limitation, either internal or

external to a project, which will affect the performance of a project or a
process. For example, a predefined budget, any imposed dates, or
schedule milestones that are issued by the customer or performing
organization.
179. In your project, you are in the process of determining the project roles,
responsibilities and reporting relationships for your team members.
Which of the following is not used for this process?
A) Activity resource requirements
B) Enterprise environmental factors
C) Organizational process assets
D) Team performance assessments
180. You are planning to award a contract and are evaluating sellers, using
criteria like management approach, technical approach, life-cycle cost,
and production capacity and interest. These criteria are called:
A) Screening criteria
B) Source selection criteria
C) Evaluation criteria
D) Contract selection methods
Source selection criteria are often included as part of the procurement

solicitation documents. Such criteria are developed and used to rate or
score seller proposals, and can be objective or subjective. Other selection
criteria can be identified and documented to support an assessment for
more complex products, services, or results. Some examples are:
understanding of need, overall or life-cycle cost, technical capability, risk,
management approach, technical approach, etc.
181. Which of the following statements related to precision and accuracy is

correct?
A) Precise measurements are always accurate
B) Accurate measurements are always precise
C) High precision measurements have little scatter
D) Accuracy means that measurements are clustered
Precision and accuracy are not equivalent. Precision means the values of
repeated measurements are clustered and have little scatter. Accuracy
means that the measured value is very close to the true value. Precise
measurements are not necessarily accurate. A very accurate
measurement is not necessarily precise.
182. Contracts are formal legal documents and can be amended at any time
prior to contract closure by mutual consent, in accordance with the
change control terms of the contract. In this context, you should be aware
that:
A) Contract administration is usually an integral part of project
organization
B) Contract administration is usually an administrative function separate
from the project organization
C) Contract administration is usually outsourced to an external agency or
company
D) Contract administration is always done alike in all organizations
Due to varying organizational structures, many organizations treat

contract administration as an administrative function separate from the
project organization.
183. You are the project manager of a project team that includes several new
recruits. You notice that most of the team members possess "I am right
mentality" and put forth their own ideas for consideration. In this context,
your team is in which of the following stages of group development?
A) Forming
B) Storming
C) Conflicting
D) Performing
Stages of group development are as follows: -Forming: team members

meet and agree on goals -Storming: team members put forth individual
ideas ("I am right" mentality) and different ideas compete for
consideration -Norming : team members adjust their behavior to work as
a team ("we can work together" mentality) -Performing: team members
are able to function as a unit as they find ways to do the job smoothly and
effectively -Adjourning: team members are disbanded after the task is
completed.
184. All the following statements about the activity list produced as an output
from Define Activities process are true EXCEPT:
A) The activity list must include all activities that will be performed on the
project
B) The activity list should include descriptions of major activities in
sufficient detail
C) The activity list should include activity duration estimates and scope of
work description for each activity
D) The activity list is obtained through decomposition of work packages.
The activity list is a comprehensive list including all schedule activities

required on the project.
185. In your project, during the planning process group, you will do all of the
following EXCEPT:
A) Develop options and actions to enhance opportunities and reduce
threats to project objectives
B) Identify and document project roles, responsibilities and required
skills, report relationships, and create a staff management plan
C) Monitor the status of the project to update the project budget and
manage changes to the cost baseline
D) Determine project stakeholder information needs and define a
communication approach
Control Costs is the process of monitoring the status of the project to

update the project budget and managing changes to the cost baseline.
(This is a part of Monitoring and Controlling Process Group).
186. You are an excellent technical architect. Your project sponsor believes that
you can be an effective project manager. This is an example of:
A) Halo effect
B) Pygmalion effect
C) Galatea effect
D) Expert concept
Halo effect: Perception of a particular outstanding trait influences the

overall perception of a person.
187. Which of the following organizational process assets cannot influence the
Estimate Activity Durations?
A) Historical duration information
B) Project calendars
C) Scheduling methodology
D) Organization culture and systems
The organizational process assets that can influence the Estimate Activity
Durations process include but are not limited to: historical duration
information, project calendars, scheduling methodology, and lessons
learned.
188. You have been appointed as a project manager to build a state-of-the-art

flyover on Inter-state highway 10 which, when completed, helps reduce
the traffic congestion by more than 40 percent. You have raised a request
for bid and received many responses from prospective sellers, which you
are now evaluating. During which of the following project management
processes would you perform this activity?
A) Plan Procurements
B) Control Procurements
C) Close Procurements
D) Conduct Procurements
Conduct Procurements is the process of obtaining seller responses,

selecting a seller, and awarding a contract. In this process, the team will
receive bids or proposals and will apply selection criteria to select one or
more sellers who are qualified to perform the work and acceptable as
sellers.
189. You are a project manager and you wish to distribute important project
information that has accumulated since the beginning of the project to all
the stakeholders. In this context, which of the following is NOT an
information distribution tool?
A) E-mail
B) Press releases
C) Project reports
D) Electronic databases
Project reports describe project status and include lessons learned, issue
logs, project closure reports, and outputs from other knowledge areas.
They are not information distribution tools. E-mail, paper based reports,
and electronic databases are the tools used to distribute information.
190. While creating a network diagram, you wish to identify those activities that
can be done in parallel where initiation of the successor activity depends
on the initiation of the predecessor activity. Which diagramming method
should you use for this purpose?
A) PDM
B) Schedule network analysis
C) Simulation
D) ADM
PDM (Precedence diagramming method) includes... start-to-start - the

initiation of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the
predecessor activity.
191. During Monitoring and Controlling phase of your project, you conduct
regular meetings with your team to identify new risks, reassess current
risks and close outdated risks. This is done through:
A) Risk reassessment
B) Variance Analysis
C) Technical performance measurement
D) Risk Audit
Risk Reassessment. Monitor and Control Risks often results in

identification of new risks, reassessment of current risks, and the closing
of risks that are outdated. Project risk reassessments should be regularly
scheduled. The amount and detail of repetition that is appropriate
depends on how the project progresses relative to its objectives.
192. Which of the following exhibits greatest resistance to change?

A) Business Requirements
B) Technology
C) People
D) Environment
People exhibit greatest resistance to change.
193. You are explaining the importance of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to
your project team members. In this context, all of the following
statements relating to Work Breakdown Structure(WBS) are correct
EXCEPT:
A) It is a hierarchical decomposition of work
B) Planned work contained in the lowest level WBS components are also
called WBS dictionaries
C) WBS subdivides the project work into smaller, more manageable
pieces of work
D) WBS organizes and defines the total scope of the project work
The planned work is contained within the lowest level WBS components,
which are called work packages. A work package can be scheduled, cost
estimated, monitored, and controlled.
194. You are managing the project for setting up an oil rig in the Pacific Ocean.
Which of the following could be a valid constraint when you are doing
human resource planning for your project?
A) Weak matrix organization structure
B) Unlimited budget, since the project is very critical to meet compliance
needs
C) Oil price increasing to more than $ 60 a barrel
D) Oil price decreasing below $ 40 per barrel
In a weak matrix organization structure, the project manager`s role is

more of a coordinator or expediter than that of a true project manager.
195. It is estimated that 6 resources are needed to complete a certain task

requiring 240 hours of work in 5 days, given that 1 resource can work 40
hours in 5 days. Which technique is used to arrive at this estimate?
A) Parametric estimating
B) Three-point estimates
C) Reserve analysis
D) Analogous estimating
Parametric estimating uses a statistical relationship between historical

data and other variables to calculate an estimate for activity parameters
such as cost, budget, and duration. Activity durations can be
quantitatively determined by multiplying the quantity of work to be
performed by labor hours per unit of work.
196. In your project, you are behind schedule by 2 months, and you are underbudget by $ 50,000. In this context, your best course of action will be to:
A) Talk with your sponsor to take some non-critical activities out of the
project schedule
B) Develop a new WBS
C) Crash the project
D) Fast track the project
Crashing: A schedule compression technique in which cost and schedule

tradeoffs are analyzed to determine how to obtain the greatest amount of
compression for the least incremental cost. Crashing does not always
produce a viable alternative and may result in increased risk and/or cost.
197. In your pharmaceutical project, you would like to determine the duration
required to complete a schedule activity. In this context, what should you
consider FIRST that will help you in determining the duration estimates?
A) List of activities and activity resource requirements
B) Decomposition and templates
C) Project schedule and schedule baseline
D) Project scope management plan and project charter
Estimate Activity Durations process requires that the amount of work

effort required to complete the activity is estimated, and the amount of
resources to be applied to complete the activity is estimated; these are
used to approximate the number of work periods (activity duration)
needed to complete the activity.
198. Your company has decided to outsource one of its IT product

developments to ABC IT Services through a contract. You clarify the
structure and requirements of the contract so that mutual agreement can
be reached prior to signing the contract. All the following statements on
procurement negotiations are correct EXCEPT:
A) You have to discuss technical and business management approaches,
proprietary rights, overall schedule, payments, and price.
B) At the end of the procurement negotiations, you will have a contract
document executed by both buyer and seller.
C) The project manager is the lead negotiator on the procurements.
D) Final contract language will reflect all agreements reached.
The project manager may not be the lead negotiator on procurements.
199. In Develop Schedule process, you create a distribution of probable

durations for each activity and use it to calculate the distribution of
probable results for the total project. The technique that you are using is:
A) Parametric estimating
B) Mathematical analysis
C) What-if analysis
D) Resource leveling
What-if scenario Analysis: This is an analysis of the question "What if the

situation represented by scenario `X` happens?". A schedule network
analysis is performed using the schedule to compute the different
scenarios...The most common technique is Monte Carlo Analysis, in which
a distribution of possible activity durations is defined for each activity and
used to calculate a distribution of possible outcomes for the total project.
200. You are managing a critical project with virtual teams located in eight
countries. At times, team members find it difficult to understand and
interpret what others are communicating via tele-conferencing. From a
communication management point of view, this difficulty in transmitting
and understanding messages can also be referred to as:
A) Disturbance
B) Noise
C) Interference
D) Breakdown in encode-decode model
Noise is anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding

of the message (e.g., distance).

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What are some important considerations when managing communication for a virtual project team?

What are some important considerations when managing communication for a virtual project team?

What information should a new project manager provide to stakeholders when assuming control of a project?

What information should a new project manager provide to stakeholders when assuming control of a project?

PMP Exam Complete Training-35 Hours Ultimate PMP Course Master of Project Academy

PMP FULL SAMPLE EXAM Answers & Rationales

A contract is a legal relationship subject to remedy in the courts.

2. After the project schedule is created, a project manager should use

Option C is an activity performed as part of the Develop Schedule process.

3. You have recently assumed charge of a project from another project

The communication management plan provides stakeholder

4. You had earlier worked as a project manager in a firm specializing in

Knowledge gained in one company is not proprietary information and can

5. There are two projects:

NPV of project A = $ 100,000 NPV of project B = $ 2,000,000 - $ 1,900,000

6. You have completed the process of developing options and actions to

Plan Risk Responses is the process of developing options and actions to

7. As a project manager, you are using the configuration management

Some of the configuration management activities included in the

Controlling the project scope ensures all requested changes and

11. You are working as a project manager in a software vendor. Your

Project sponsor provides financial resources for project.

12.You would like to obtain information, quotations, bids, offers, or

Bidder conferences (sometimes called contractor conferences, vendor

A lag directs a delay in the successor activity.

Face-to-face meetings are the most effective means of communicating

15.A project manager disclosed some crucial information to a prospective

The project manager should maintain and respect the confidentiality of

The Delphi technique is a way to reach consensus of experts. Project risk

18.A project manager has to manage conflict in an organization. Which of the

A low position in the organization could be the source of least conflict.

19.You are working as a project manager in an automobile company.

Perform Quality Assurance is the process of auditing the quality

20.Almost all projects are planned and implemented in a social, economic, or

Enterprise environmental factors may enhance or constrain project

21.After collecting requirements, one of your tasks as a project manager is to

Project Scope Statement. Narrative description of the project scope... and

23.A contract is legally binding in all the following cases EXCEPT:

A contract is a legal relationship subject to remedy in the courts.

24.Please refer to the table below:

25.All the following statements relating to communications management are

A project manager cannot control all the communication channels,

27.Which project will be selected from the following options?

Subcontracting the project to an outside vendor is a risk transference

29.A technological advance, legal requirement, or social need refers to:

The business case is created as a result of one or more of the following:

30.After quality planning, you have created a component-specific tool to

A checklist is a structured tool, usually component-specific, used to verify

The WBS dictionary provides more detailed descriptions of the

33.As a project manager, you are interested in the personal activities of

34.In your project, you wish to manage procurement relationships, monitor

Project schedule is an input to the Plan Procurement Management

Heuristics (or rule of thumb), such as allocation of scarce resources to the

36.During critical negotiations on outstanding issues arising out of a contract,

Non-verbal communication forms more than 55% of the total

37.When the contract is halfway through, the buyer requests you to

Option A is violated because adding the requirement violates the

38.Your business partner is ready to invest $ 110,000 in your company one