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    Introduction and Overview of Bioinformatics

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    faraaaalya
    Bioinformatics is the application of computational techniques to understand and organize biological data. It aims to organize data in a way that allows researchers to access existing information and submit new entries. The tools are used to analyze various types of biological data including DNA sequences, protein sequences, gene expression data, and metabolic pathways. Bioinformatics covers a wide spectrum of applications from analyzing genomic and gene expression studies to integrating different types of biological data.

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    Introduction and Overview of Bioinformatics

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    faraaaalya
    331 views1 page
    Bioinformatics is the application of computational techniques to understand and organize biological data. It aims to organize data in a way that allows researchers to access existing information and submit new entries. The tools are used to analyze various types of biological data including DNA sequences, protein sequences, gene expression data, and metabolic pathways. Bioinformatics covers a wide spectrum of applications from analyzing genomic and gene expression studies to integrating different types of biological data.

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    Mind Map of journal as in the title

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    Bioinformatics is the application of computational techniques to understand and organize biological data. It aims to organize data in a way that allows researchers to access existing information and submit new entries. The tools are used to analyze various types of biological data including DNA sequences, protein sequences, gene expression data, and metabolic pathways. Bioinformatics covers a wide spectrum of applications from analyzing genomic and gene expression studies to integrating different types of biological data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    331 views1 page

    Introduction and Overview of Bioinformatics

    Uploaded by

    faraaaalya
    Bioinformatics is the application of computational techniques to understand and organize biological data. It aims to organize data in a way that allows researchers to access existing information and submit new entries. The tools are used to analyze various types of biological data including DNA sequences, protein sequences, gene expression data, and metabolic pathways. Bioinformatics covers a wide spectrum of applications from analyzing genomic and gene expression studies to integrating different types of biological data.

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    BIOINFORMATICS

    DEFINITION

    SOURCE OF
    DATA USED

    AIMS

    Application
    of To organizes data in a
    way
    that
    allows Raw DNA sequence
    computational
    researchers to access
    techniques
    to existing information & Protein sequence
    understand
    and to submit new entries Macromolecular
    organize
    the as they are produced
    structure
    To develop tool &
    information
    Genomes
    associated
    with resources that aid in Gene expression
    the analysis of data
    biological
    To use the tools to Literature
    macromolecules
    analyze the data & Metabolic pathways
    interpret the results in
    a
    biologically
    meaningful manner

    GENOMIC
    STUDIES
    GENE
    EXPRESSION
    STUDIES

    Provides valuable
    insight into the
    stereochemical
    principles of binding
    Concentrated on
    model organisms &
    analysis of
    regulatory systems
    Focused on devising
    methods to cluster genes by
    similarities in expression
    profiles
    To determine proteins that
    are expressed together
    under diff cellular conditions

    GENE
    EXPRESSI
    ON DATA

    FARAH ALIA
    BT RAHAMAT
    2013235384
    EH 222 7C

    DATA
    INTEGRATI
    ON

    THE
    BIOINFOR
    MATICS
    SPECTRU
    M

    REDUNDANCY &
    MULTIPLICITY DATA

    PROTEIN SEQUENCE
    DATABASES

    STRUCTURAL
    DATABASES

    Data classification between genomes & their products


    Categorized as primary, composite & secondary
    Primary databases as a repository for the raw data (Eg: SWISS-PROT)
    Composite databases compile & filter sequence data from diff primary
    database to produce combined non-redundant sets that are more
    complete than the individual databases (Eg: OWL)
    Secondary databases contain information derived from protein
    sequences & help the user determine whether a new sequence belongs to
    a known protein family (Eg: PROSITE)

    Databases of macromolecular structures


    PDB provides primary archive of all 3D structures for
    macromolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA)
    Solved by x-ray crystallography and NMR
    3 major databases classify proteins by structure to
    identify structural & evolutionary relationships (CATH,
    SCOP, FSSP)

    Measure
    the amount
    of mRNA
    OR protein
    products
    produced
    by cell

    Most
    profitable
    research
    integrate
    multiple
    sources of
    data

    Allow
    expansion
    of
    biological
    analysis;
    depth &
    breadth

    3 main
    technologies
    : cDNA
    microarray,
    Affymatrix
    GeneChip,
    SAGE
    methods

    Not always
    straightforw
    ard to access
    because diff
    in
    nomenclatur
    e & file
    formats

    Depth to
    take single
    protein &
    maximizes
    understandi
    ng about
    proteins
    encoded

    NUCLEOTIDE &
    GENOME SEQUENCES

    Yeast
    measure
    mRNA levels
    throughout
    whole cell
    cycle, some
    focus on
    particular
    stage in cycle

    Separated
    according
    to sources
    of
    informatio
    n

    Breadth

    compare
    a gene
    with
    others

    FINDING
    HOMOLOGUES

    RATIONAL
    DRUG DESIGN

    LARGE-SCALE
    CENSUS

    Simplifies
    problem to
    understand
    complex
    genomes

    Earliest
    medical
    applications

    Help identify
    interesting
    subject areas for
    further detailed
    analysis

    Biggest excitement availability of complete genome sequences for


    different organisms
    Whole-genome sequencing often conducted through international
    collaborations, individual genomes are published at diff sites
    Entrez genome database combines complete & partial genomes in a
    single location
    Cluster of Orthologous Group (COG) predict function of uncharacterized
    proteins & identify phylogenetic patterns of protein occurence

    GENE
    EXPRESSION
    ANALYSIS
    Compile
    expression data
    for cells affected
    by diff diseases

    APPLICATION

    TRANSCRIPTION
    REGULATION

    STRUCTURAL
    STUDIES

    INTRODUCTION
    AND OVERVIEW
    OF BIO
    INFORMATICS

    Can be grouped together based on biologically meaningful similarities


    Genes grouped by particular functions OR by metabolic pathway
    Organisms often have multiple copies of a particular gene through
    duplication
    Proteins adopt equivalent structures even when they differ greatly in
    sequence
    Analogues proteins have related folds, unrelated sequences
    Homologous proteins both sequentially & structurally similar

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