Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2: Gross Motor Scale

Child:_______________________________ DOB:______________ CA:__________

Examiner:________________________________ Date:_________________________

Subscale A: Reflexes (1-11 months)

Item #
1 Walking Reflex

Month
2

Position
supported
standing

2 Positioning Reflex
(ATNR-Integrated)

supine with
head held

3 Landau Reaction

horizontal
suspended

4 Protecting Reaction
(Forward)

suspended
horizontal

5 Protective Reaction
(Side)

sitting

6 Protective Reaction
(Forward)

sitting

7 Righting Reaction
(Forward)

sitting

8 Protecting Reaction
(Backward)

10

sitting

Score
2 1 foot then other w/in 3sec
1 1 foot within 3 sec
0 Feet and legs remain still
2 No arm or leg mvmt
1 Positioned, but can move
out of it
0 Reflex still present
2 Raises head above
horizontal, extends trunk,
raises hips and legs
1 Extends head, but not
hips & legs
0 Head & hips below horiz.
2 Extends arms, elbows &
bears weight on hands
1 Extends arms partially
0 Does not extend arms
2 Extends arm & bears
weight
1 Extends arm, no weight
bear
0 Falls on side
2 Breaks fall w/ 1 or 2 arms
supports self for 2 sec
1 Extends arm(s), falls
0 No arm extension
2 Ext. arm & head, returns
to upright sitting
1 Uses arms on floor, but
Recovers
0 Fails to extend, falls
2 Stops by ext arms &
supporting weight
1 Rotates trunk, extends
arm, but falls
0 Fails to extend arm, falls

Total Score: ______/16

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2: Gross Motor Scale

Child:_______________________________ DOB:______________ CA:__________
Examiner:________________________________ Date:_________________________
Subscale B: Supine
Item #
Age(mos)
1S Rot Head
0
1L Thrust Legs
0
2L Side to back
0
3L Thrust Arms
0
6L Symmetry
3
8L Rolling
4
10L Flex Legs
5
11L Ext Arms&Legs5
13L Flex Body
6
15L Ext Arm6
2 1 0
16L Rolling
7
17L Rolling
7
17S Raise to Sit
10
(toy on chair)

Score
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
Lift/turn head R & L; 1 dir; no mvmt______
Moves legs together; separate; none_______
Rolls to back both sides; 1 side; none______
Bend & straight arms 2x; 1x or 1 arm; none_
Hands & head to midline; 1 hand; none____
Rolls to both sides; 1 side; no roll_________
Feet to mouth/hands;hips 90 or 1 foot; none
Arms & legs in 5sec; 6-7sec; no mvmt_____
2 feet, 3 sec; 2 feet 1-2 sec or 1 foot 3sec; 0
Wt shift & reach 3sec; 1-2 sec; no reach___
2 1 0
Back stomach both sides; 1 side; none___
2 1 0
Rolls back stomach with rot. 2 sides; 1; 0
2 1 0
Pulls to sit using chair; attempts, using chair;
remains on floor______________________

Subscale C: Prone
Item #
Age(mos)
Score
Comments (2; 1; 0)
5L Ext. trunk
2
2 1 0
Lift head & trunk 45 3 sec; 1-2sec; < 45__
7L Prop on forearms 4
2 1 0
Head & trunk 45 5 sec; 3-4 sec; <3 sec____
9L Ext arms & legs 4
2 1 0
Ext A&L 3 sec; both1-2, AorL 3sec; none__
12L Ext Arm6
2 1 0
shift & reaches toy; reach, but not full, none
14L Pushing Up
6
2 1 0
WB on palms 5 sec; 3-4 sec; <3 sec_______
18L Move forward 8
2 1 0
moves 3 ft using arms; 2-3 ft; <2ft________
19L Raise Shldr& Butt9
2 1 0
Raise to hands & knees 5 sec, rocks; 1-5s; 0
18S Sitting Up
10
2 1 0
Raises to sitting; attempts to sit; no mvmt__
Subscale D: Suspended Hold (vertical)
Item #
Age(mos)
6S Ext head
2
7S Align Head
2

Score
2 1 0
2 1 0

8S Align head
3
4L Bearing Weight 2

2 1 0
2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
held vert. head to midline 3sec; 1-2 sec;none
hold child at your shoulder, bounce, head in
midline 2-3 bounces; 1 bounce; no midline
hold vert.& tilt 45 75-100%;50-74%,<50%
bears wt. knees flex & feet flat 3 sec; knees
flexed & toes, or <3sec; no wt or toes only_

Child: _______________________
Subscale E: Sitting
Item #
Age(mos)
2S Align Trunk
0
(facing you)
3S Align Head
1
Front (back to you)
4S Align Head
1
Back (pull to sit)
5S Align head
2
(pull to sit)
9S Stab. Trunk
3
(hold pelvis)
10S Align Head
4
(sitting, toy on string)
11S Sitting(placed) 5
12S Sitting/Reach 6
(toy on string)
13S Pull to Sit
6
14S Sitting
6
15S Sit with Toy
7
(get the toy)
16S Sitting
9
21L Scooting
9
22L Pivoting
9
29L Pivoting11
2 1 0
33L Stand Up
12

Score
2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
Back held rounded 3 sec; 1-2 sec; arches___

2 1 0

45 btwn chin & chest; head slightly ; chin

touches chest_________________________
>45 btwn head and back; slight hold ;
head touches back_____________________
Midline 75-100% mvmt; 50-74%; <50%___
____________________________________
Trunk 30off legs, 5sec; <30, 5 sec; trunk
on legs______________________________
Head aligned 8 sec, rot to follow toy; 4-7sec,
rot to follow; head align <4sec___________
Balance for 8 sec; 3-7 sec; <3sec_________
Balance 8 sec, reach for toy; 5-7 sec with
reach; balance <5sec___________________
Pulls to sit; pulls up 45-90; pulls <45____
unsupported 60sec; 30-59sec; <30sec______
retrieves toy&returns upright 30 sec; 15-29s;
no toy, falls from upright_______________
Sit & plays with toy 60 sec; 30-59sec; <30s_
uses hands & legs to scoot 3 ft; 1-2 ft; <1ft_
Turns 90 both sides; 90 one side, <90___
Turns 180 on bottom; 90-179; <90______
Cross legged stand <20 rotation of body;
stands, but turns body 21-90; >90, no stand

2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0

Subscale F: Hands and Knees

Item #
Age(mos)
20L - Creeping
9
24L Creeping
10
37L Creep Stairs 14
39L Creep Stairs 15

Score
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
Reciprocal creep 5 ft; 4ft or not reciprocal;
creeps over legs; creeps onto legs; not on leg
Creeps up 2 steps; 1step; remains at bottom_
creeps backward 3 steps, no support; 1-2
steps, no support; remains at start_________

Score
2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
Tall kneel 5sec while rot head; 2-4sec;<2sec

Subscale G: Kneeling
Item #
Age(mos)
19S Kneeling
13

Child:________________________
Subscale H: Standing
Balance Work/Preambulatory
Item #
Age(mos)
Score
23L Standing
9
2 1 0
25L Bouncing
10
2 1 0
26L Cruising
10
2 1 0
27L Lowering
10
2 1 0
28L Stepping
10
2 1 0
30L Standing
11
2 1 0
31L Standing
11
2 1 0
Single Leg Stance
Item #
Age(mos)
20S Stand on 1 Foot 31
21S Stand on 1 Foot 41
23S Stand on 1 Foot 45

Score
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0

25S Stand on 1 Foot 53

2 1 0

27S Stand on 1 Foot 59

2 1 0

Other Stationary Skills

Item #
Age(mos)
22S Stand on Tiptoes 43

Score
2 1 0

24S Stand on Tiptoes 51

2 1 0

26S Imitating Mvmt 57

(present 6 positions)

2 1 0

46L Stand (tandem) 19

2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
Pulls to stand at object; attempts; no try____
Hold hands, bounce 3x; 1-2x; stiff legs____
4 steps sideways; 1-3 steps; none_________
Lowers to sit no fall; lowers, but falls, no try
Supported at trunk, 4 alt. steps; 2-3 steps; no
Lets go of support, stands 5sec; 2-4sec; no__
Placed unsupported, stays 3 sec; 1-2 sec; 0_
Comments (2; 1; 0)
Hands on hips 3sec; 1-2 sec; needs help____
Hands on hips 5sec; 2-4sec; <2sec________
Hands on hips, <20 sway, 5 sec; <20 sway,
2-4sec; <2sec or >20 sway_____________
1 foot, then the other, hands on hips <20
sway, 6 sec ea foot; 1-5 sec ea foot; no_____
Each foot, <20 sway, 10 sec; 5-8 sec; <5__

Comments (2; 1; 0)
Arms overhead, no foot mvmt 3sec; 1-2sec;
moves feet or heels on floor_____________
Arms overhead,<20 sway 8 sec; <20 sway
5-7 sec; <5sec or >20 sway_____________
Imitates 4 pos correctly; 1-3 correct; none__
____________________________________
Stand on line, 2sec, toe of back within 3 of
front heel; 1 foot on line, attempt other; no_

Subscale I: Ambulation
Stepping/Beginning Gait
Item #
Age(mos)
Score
Comments (2; 1; 0)
32L Stepping
11
2 1 0
4 alt. steps, in place or move; 2-3 alt steps;
1 HHA
no alt. steps __________________________
34L Walking12
2 1 0
1 HHA alt, steps 8ft; 4-7ft; <4ft__________
35L Walking12
2 1 0
Unaided 5 steps; 1-4 steps; no steps or sits__

Child:________________________
36L Stand&Move
Balance

13

2 1 0

Picks up toy, return to stand takes 3 steps; 12 steps; loses balance or no try___________

Stairs
Item #
Age(mos)
40L Walk Stairs 15

Score
2 1 0

43L Walk Stairs

52L - Walk Stairs
53L - Walk Stairs
57L - Walk Stairs

17
23
25
27

2
2
2
2

65L Walk Stairs

35

2 1 0

71L Walk Stairs

43

2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
4 steps w/ support from wall or rail; 1-3
steps with support; not on feet___________
4 steps w/ finger assist; 1-3 steps; no_____
4 steps no support; 4 steps using rail; no__
4 steps no support; 1-3 support; uses rail
4steps, reciprocating, using rail or wall; 1-3
steps, reciprocating; not reciprocating _____
4steps, reciprocating, no support; 1-3 steps
with support or 4 steps not reciprocating; no
4steps reciprocating, support; both feet on
step or 2 steps support; both feet >3 steps

1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0

Gait Speed
Item #
Age(mos)
Score
Comments (2; 1; 0)
38L Walking14
2 1 0
10ft, narrow BOS, heel-toe gait, reciprocal;
______Time to walk 10 ft.
4-9 feet good form; wide BOS, arms out___
41L Walking Fast 17
2 1 0
Walks 10 ft in time of 38L; > but <
______Time to walk 10 ft.
time in 38L; > time__________________
45L Running
19
2 1 0
Runs 10ft; 5-9ft; <5ft__________________
60L Running Speed 29
2 1 0
30ft in 6sec; 30ft in 7-9sec; >9sec________
66L Running Speed 37
2 1 0
45ft in 6 sec; 45ft in 7-9sec; >9sec________
69L Running Form 41
2 1 0
Arms back & forth across body at or below
(10 sec)
waist, balls of feet used, high knee and heel,
trunk forward; arms out to side or flat feet;
walks at any time_____________________
74L Run Balance 45
2 1 0
Run & stop w/in 2 steps, no fall; stops in 3
(stop/go)
steps; >3 steps to stop__________________
85L Run Speed
57
2 1 0
Completes cycle in 5 sec trip or drop can;
& Agility
completes cycle 6-10sec or drop can; >10sec
Empty soft drink can 10 ft from start: time to run, pick up can & return to start
Controlled Gait
Item #
Age(mos)
42L Walk Backward 17
44L Walk Backward 17
47L Walk Sideways 21

Score
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0

48L Walking Line 21

54L Walk Backward 25

2 1 0
2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
5 steps back(can pull toy); 2-4 steps; <2steps
Back 5 steps; 2-4steps; <2 steps__________
Walks side 10ft, lead same foot; 4-9ft, lead
same foot steps; altered form__________
1 foot on line 6ft; 1 foot 4-5ft; <4 ft on line_
10ft w/o heels touching toes; 1-9ft; <1ft____

Child:________________________
56L Walking Line

27

2 1 0

68L Walking Line

41

2 1 0

70L Walk Line

Forward

41

2 1 0

75L Walk Line

Backward

45

2 1 0

78L - Walk Line

Backward

51

2 1 0

3steps on line, hands on hips, heels dont

touch toes; 1-2 steps, hands on hips; one
foot off line__________________________
4ft on line, hands on hips, heels not touching
toes; steps off 1 time, good form; >1step off
8ft on line, step off, hands on hips, heels
not touching toes, <20 sway; steps off one
time, good form; steps off >once or sways
4ft w/out stepping off line >1x, hands on
hips, no heel-toe touch; steps off 2-5x, good
form; steps off line>5x_________________
5 steps step off line, hands on hips & toes
touch heels; 2-4 steps good form; <2 steps

Subscale J: Higher Level Activities

Jumping
Item #
Age(mos)
49L Jump Forward 23

Score
2 1 0

50L Jump Up

23

2 1 0

51L Jump Down 7 23

2 1 0

55L Jump Up 2
25
(line on wall)
58L Jump Down
29
(16-21)
61L Jump Forward 31

2 1 0

62L Jump Down

(18-24)
63L Jump Hurdles
(2 string)
67L Jump Forward
72L Jump Forward
One Foot
73L Jump Up 3
(line on wall)
76L Jump Forward

31

2 1 0

33

2 1 0

39
43

2 1 0
2 1 0

45

2 1 0

47

2 1 0

81L Jump Forward 53

2 1 0

2 1 0
2 1 0

Comments (2; 1; 0)
4 forward, with balance; <4 balanced; step
or fall_______________________________
Up 2 w/ feet together; feet barely leave
floor, or leads w/ 1 foot; toes on floor_____
Jumps assist, 1 foot may lead; steps down
assist; needs help____________________
Touches line or above; jumps btwn mark &
line; toes on floor or below original mark__
Jumps assistance, can lead w/ 1 foot; steps
down assistance, needs assistance_______
24 with 2 footed takeoff & landing; 12-23
2-footed; <12________________________
Jumps assistance, 2 footed takeoff& land;
jumps leading w/ 1 foot, or falls; needs help
Jump over string 2-footed takeoff and land;
over, but 1 foot lead; steps over or remains_
26, 2-footed takeoff &landing; 12-25; <12
6 forward, other foot does not touch; 2-5
no touch; <2 or other foot touches_______
Touches line or above; jumps btwn mark &
line; toes on floor or below original mark__
30 forward 2 footed takeoff & land; 20-29
2 footed; <20 or falls__________________
36 forward 2 footed takeoff & land; 20-35
2 footed; <20 or falls__________________

Child:________________________
82L Turning Jump 53

2 1 0

84L Jump Hurdles 57

(10 string)
87L Jump Side
59
(over line)

2 1 0

Other Activities
Item #
Age(mos)
59L Walk on Toes 29

2 1 0

Score
2 1 0

64L Walk on Toes

(4x 8 line)
77L Hopping

33

2 1 0

47

2 1 0

83L Hop Forward

(3 feet)

53

2 1 0

89L Hopping speed 63

(20 feet)
80L Galloping
51

2 1 0

86L Skipping

57

2 1 0

88L Skipping

61

2 1 0

28S Sit-ups
29S Sit-ups
30S Push-ups
79L Rolling
Forward

59
68
72
51

2
2
2
2

2 1 0

1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0

Jump & turn 180, hands on hips, <20 body

deviation; turns 90-180, good form; <90__
Jump over string 2 footed takeoff & land; 1
footed takeoff & landing; no jump over____
Jumps back & forth 3 cycles, hands on hips,
feet together, touch line or pause; jumps
1-2 cycles; lands on line or pause btwn jump
Comments (2; 1; 0)
Walks on tiptoes 5 steps w/o heels touching
floor; 1-4 steps same form; heels on floor__
Walks on toes entire length of line, hands on
hips, heels up; 1-7ft; <1ft_______________
5 hops on 1 foot, then 3-5 on other foot;
1-4 hops on 1 foot, 1-2 on other; none_____
Hops one line to other, truns & hops back on
other foot; 1 foot to line, turn 1-2 hops back;
hops in place, does not reach line_________
20ft in 6sec LOB or touch of opposite toe;
20ft in 7-10sec good form; <20ft or >10sec_
10ft w/ weight transfer smooth & even, arms
free; 5-9ft good form; <5ft______________
Skips 8 steps, opposite arms & legs; 4-7
steps, alternating; <4steps or stiff arms____
Skips 10ft, good balance & rhythm; 5-9 feet;
<4ft or arms stiff at sides_______________
3 in 30sec; 1-2 in 30sec; none____________
5 in 30sec; 3-4 in 30sec; <3_____________
8 in 20sec; 4-7 in 20sec; <4_____________
Completes forward roll <15deviation; rolls,
but >15deviation; fails to roll___________

Object Manipulation
Receiving Ball (8 playground ball, except #22)
Item #
Age(mos)
Score
Comments (2; 1; 0)
1 Catching Ball
12
2 1 0
Corrals ball w/ arms &/or hands LOB;
(straddle sit on floor, roll ball)
corrals ball, but loses balance; misses ball__
10 Catching Ball 25
2 1 0
Extends arms in front, attempts to secure
(toss ball from 5ft away)
ball by bending arms, does NOT need to
catch ball; extends arms, but keeps straight;
turns away from thrown ball_____________

14 Catching Ball 33
2 1 0
(toss ball from 5ft away)
17 Catching Ball 41
2 1 0
(toss ball from 5ft away)
22 Catching Ball 51
2 1 0
(toss tennis ball from 5ft away)

Child:________________________
Catch ball w/ hands & arms extended; tries
to catch ball; turns away or no arm effort__
Catches ball w/ hands, arms bent 45-90;
catches ball by encircling it, then pulling to
chest; fails to catch ball_________________
Catches ball 2/3 trials, arms bent, using only
hands; catches ball 1/3 trials hands only; no_

Throwing Ball (tennis ball, except #2 = 8playground ball)

Item #
Age(mos)
Score
Comments (2; 1; 0)
2 Rolling Ball
13
2 1 0
Rolls ball 3ft forward using hand/arm;
(straddle sit on floor)
rolls ball 2-3ft forward; <2ft roll__________
3 Flinging Ball
13
2 1 0
Throws ball in any direction, extend arm at
shoulder or elbow; releases ball arm ext.;
Drops ball___________________________
5 Throwing Ball
15
2 1 0
Throws ball by ext. arm at shoulder or
elbow, maintain balance; throws ball, but
loses balance; drops ball________________
7 Throwing Ball
19
2 1 0
Throws ball 3ft in air; 1-2 ft in air; drops
(overhand 3ft.)
ball or does not throw forward___________
8 Throwing Ball
23
2 1 0
Throws ball 3ft in air; 1-2 ft in air; drops
(underhand 3ft.)
ball or does not throw forward___________
11 Throwing Ball 27
2 1 0
Initiates throw by moving arm up & back,
(overhand 7ft.)
ball travels 7ft forward in air; different
initiation of throw, travels <6ft in air; drops
ball or not forward____________________
12 Throwing Ball 29
2 1 0
Initiates throw by moving arm down& back,
(underhand 7ft.)
ball travels 7ft forward in air; different
initiation of throw, travels <7ft in air; drops
ball or not forward____________________
15 Throwing Ball 39
2 1 0
Throws ball 10ft forward, good form; 3-9ft,
(overhand 10ft.)
<3ft or different direction_______________
16 Hitting Target 39
2 1 0
Hits target 2/3 trials; hits 1/3 trials; fails to
(underhand 5ft from target)
hit target____________________________
18 Hitting Target 43
2 1 0
Hits target 2/3 trials; hits 1/3 trials; fails to
(overhand 5ft from target)
hit target____________________________
19 Throwing Ball 45
2 1 0
Throws ball 10ft w/ trunk rotation; 3-9ft w/
(underhand 10ft.)
trunk rotation; <3 ft, or no rotation________
20 Hitting Target 51
2 1 0
Hits target 2/3 trials; hits 1/3 trials; fails to
(overhand 12ft from target)
hit target____________________________
21 Bouncing Ball 51
2 1 0
Bounces ball to wall so it hits floor once
(stand 5ft from wall)
then hits wall; hits floor >1x before wall;
hits wall 1st or misses wall______________
24 Catch Bounced 68
2 1 0
Bounces & catches ball 2/3 trials, 1/3 trial;
Ball (self bounce)
fails to catch ball______________________

Child:________________________
Kicking Ball ( 8 playground ball)
Item #
Age(mos)
Score
4 Kicking Ball
15
2 1 0
(place ball 6 in front of child)

Comments (2; 1; 0)
Lifts foot & contact ball; attempts; no try___
____________________________________

6 Kicking Ball
19
2 1 0
(place ball 6 in front of child)

Kicks ball 3ft forward w/ <45 deviation;

kicks ball 3 ft w/ >45 deviation; kick <3ft_

9 Kicking Ball
23
2 1 0
(place ball 6 in front of child)

Kicks ball 3ft w/ <20 deviation from mid.;

Kicks 3ft, but deviates >20; <3ft or >20__

13 Kicking Ball

29

2 1 0

23 Kicking Ball

68

2 1 0

Kick ball forward 6ft. w/ opposite arm & leg

mvmts, initiate kick w/ leg back& knee bent;
2-6 ft. same form; bad form or ball <2ft.___
Kicks ball so it travels 12 ft in air using opp.
arm & leg mvmts, initiate kick w/ leg back&
knee bent; 6-11ft in air, good form; <6ft___