SI-4132 REKAYASA PANTAI DAN RAWA

Disusun oleh:
Kristian Martua Tamba

15012053

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
2015
Name of
management
type
Sea wall

Description

A sea wall is a
form of coastal
defense
constructed
where the sea,

Advantages

Long term
solution in
compariso
n to soft
beach

Disadvantages

Very
expensive to
construct.
Can cause
beaches to

and associated
coastal
processes,
impact directly
upon the
landforms of
the coast. The
purpose of a
seawall is to
protect areas of
human
habitation,
conservation
and leisure
activities from
the action of
tides and
waves. As a
seawall is a
static feature it
will conflict with
the dynamic
nature of the
coast and
impede the
exchange of
sediment
between land
and sea.

Revetment

Revetments are
sloping
structures
placed on
banks or cliffs
in such a way
as to absorb the
energy of

nourishme
nt.
Effectively
minimizes
loss of life
in extreme
events and
damage to
property
caused by
erosion.
Can exist
longer in
high
energy
environme
nts in
compariso
n to soft
engineerin
g methods.
Can be
used for
recreation
and
sightseein
g.
Forms a
hard and
strong
coastal
defense.

1. Less beach
material is
eroded
compared
to a sea
wall.
2. Cheaper
and less

dissipate
rendering
them useless
for beach
goers.
Scars the
very
landscape
that they are
trying to
save and
provides an
eyesore.
Reflected
energy of
waves
leading to
scour at
base.
Can disrupt
natural
shoreline
processes
and destroy
shoreline
habitats such
as wetlands
and intertidal
beaches.
Altered
sediment
transport
processes
can disrupt
sand
movement
that can lead
to increased
erosion down
drift from the
structure.

1. Short life
span and
unsuitable
where wave
energy is
high.
2. Not effective
in stormy

Gabion
Gabions

incoming water.
In military
engineering
they are
structures,
again sloped,
formed to
secure an area
from artillery,
bombing, or
stored
explosives.
River or coastal
revetments are
usually built to
preserve the
existing uses of
the shoreline
and to protect
the slope, as
defense against
erosion.
Gabions are
rectangular
baskets or
mattresses
made of
galvanized (and
sometimes
polyvinyl
chloridecoated) steel
wire in a
hexagonal
mesh. The
gabion is
subdivided into
approximately
equal-sized
cells. At the job
site, the
baskets are
unfolded and
assembled by
lacing the
edges together
with steel wire.
The individual
baskets are
then wired

intrusive
than a sea
wall.
3. Absorb
wave
energy
through
the slats
4. Effective
for many
years

conditions
3. Can make
the beach
inaccessible
for tourists
4. Regular
maintenance
is required
5. Visually
obtrusive

1. 1. The
smaller
stone used
in a gabion
can offer
equivalent
protection
as the
much
larger
stone
needed in
a riprap
revetment.
(Assumes
no
destruction
of the wire
baskets.)
2. Can
support
some
vegetation.
3. Can be
cost
effective
when using
locally

1. Wire mesh is
subject to
damage from
strong
waves,
floating
debris,
corrosion,
wear from
high velocity
sediments,
and
vandalism.
2. Laborintensive
installation
required.
3. Gabions
require
monitoring
and
maintenance
to identify
wear before
failure
occurs.

together and
filled with
stone. The lids
are finally
closed and
laced to the
baskets,
forming a large,
heavy mass.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

available
stone filler.
Requires
less
tonnage
than
riprap.
Gabion
thickness
is roughly
one third
that of
riprap
revetment.
Flexible
and
durable if
properly
maintained
.
Can be
stacked to
obtain
nearvertical
side slopes
where
available
right-ofway is
limited.
Gabion
baskets
can be
built
without
heavy
equipment
.
Gabions
are flexible
and can
adjust to
minor
settlement
of their
substrate.
Gabions
can be
repaired
easily by

Revetments

Large rock or concrete

boulders placed at back of
beach or on sea front.

Absorbs waves energy, lasts a

long time, effective.

mending
or
replacing
damaged
Gabions
Small stones and rocks
held
Absorbs wave energy, cheaper
baskets
together in wire mesh
and placed than other options, vegetation
refilling
at back of beach or
on sea
can grow on them over time.
them as
front.
needed.
Gyron
GyronWooden
is a
1.structures
It traps
1. They
prevent
Groynes
or rock
Very
effective
at stopping long
barrier
sediments
beaches
which stick out into
the sea
shore
drift, wooden groynes
extending from
from
down the
to prevent long shore
drift
cheaper
the beach,
longshore
coastthan
fromother options,
offshore
intobeach sanddrift,
taking
away.
helphaving
to keep the beach
the sea.
forming a
sediments
benefitting
tourism there.
Groynes are
beach
deposited
used to slow
which
there, which
Beach nourishment the loss
Sand
material
is
added
to
Soft
engineering,
helps create
of
attracts
can
lead to
beachmaking
grade a larger beach
tourist.
erosion.
to help largesoil
beach
which encourages
sediment
Creates a
This could
slow waves.
tourism,
material will benefit
through
posotive
also destroy
areas
down the
longshore drift.
effect on
buildings
andcoast as it is
With proper
the local
private land,
transported
there.
groyne field
economy.
which will
2. Coastal
design, beach
cause
Off shore reef
Tyres
placed on
in a Softproperty
engineering, is using old
erosion
can or
be rocks areerosion
beachthe
is
reduced
due
toshore making
to cheaper option,
band
off
tyresprices
can be
significantl
trapped
plummet.
water shallower and
making reefs
attract fish and can be
y reduced,
2. Causes the
sediment on
the waves
usedcoast
for diving,
as the
to be also means
the up-drift
side break earlier.
water can
ugly
and beach are
of the groyne.
waves
hitting
only reach
unnatural.
Groynes can be
smaller
3. Theyand
cansafer for bathers.
the cliff
constructed out
lead to cliff
during
of wood, stone
Planting vegetation or concrete
Grass is planted inhigh
sandtide.
Softcollapse.
engineering, cheaper
4.
Does
not
3.
Low
depending
dunesonto hold sand
in
place.
option,
encourages
wildlife
protect
maintenan
the size of
there.
coasts from
ce.
native beach
4.
Lowest
strom-driven
material.
cost, little
waves
Although acting
Managed retreat to reduce
Coastline
is
left
to
money
retreat
is
Soft
approaching
engineering, cheaper
the
to is option,
the shore
erosion
onto
site,
due
erosion butspent
the area
doesnt impact on
build
it.
perpendicula
groynes
monitored for safety and
coast
rly.further down.
typically cause
5. Protection of
people evacuated from
sediment
the shore by
starvation
danger zones.
use of one
down-drift,
hroyne
onlyand soft eng
shiftingmethods
the
All of the above
can be classified into
hard
is most often
erosion further
inefficient.
down the

Hard engineering are methods which try to prevent natural proce

examples would include sea wall, revetments and gabions.

Soft engineering are methods which try to encourage natural proc

beach or on sea front.

Gabions

Small stones and rocks held

coastline.
together in wire mesh placed

at back of beach or on sea

front.
Wooden or rock structures
which stick out into the sea
to prevent long shore drift
taking beach sand away.

Absorbs wave energy, cheaper

thanTherefore,
other options, vegetation
shore
can protection
grow on them
by over time.

groynes is
Groynes
Verydesigned
effectiveasat stopping long
a group
shore
drift, wooden groynes
comprising
from
a fewother
to
cheaper than
options,
tens of
helpindividual
to keep the beach
benefitting
structures.
tourism there.
Beach
Beach
1. Widens the
1. Beach
nourishment
is
recreationa
Beach
nourishment nourishment
Sand material
is added
to
Softnourishment
engineering, helps create
the process of
l beach.
sand may
making a larger2.beach
to help large
beach which encourages
dumping or
Structures
erode,
slowsand
waves.
tourism,
material
will benefit
pumping
behind
because
of
from elsewhere
beach are
storms
areas
downorthe coast as it is
onto an eroding
protected
lack of uptransported
there.
shoreline to
as long as
drift sand
create a new
the added
sources.
Off shore reef
placed in a Soft
engineering, is using old
beachTyres
or to or rocks aresand
2. Beach
widenband
the off shore making
remains.
nourishment
the
tyres
can be cheaper option,
existing beach.
is expensive,
reefs
attract
Beachwater shallower and making
and
must fish
be and can be
nourishment
the waves break earlier.
usedrepeated
for diving, also means
does not stop
periodically.
waves hitting beach are
erosion, it
3. The beach
smaller
for bathers.
simply gives
turnsand
intosafer
a
the erosional
construction
forces
(usually
during
Planting vegetation
Grass is planted in sand
Softzone
engineering,
cheaper
waves)
nourishment.
dunes to hold sand in place.
option,
encourages wildlife
something else
4. The process
there.
to "chew on" for
of
a while. The
nourishment
waves erode
may
Managed retreat the nourished
Coastline is left to retreat
Softdamage,
engineering, cheaper
sand due
instead
of
destroy
or impact on
to erosion
but the area is option,
doesnt
destroying
otherwise
monitored
for safety and
coast
further
down.
houses,
roads
hurt
marine
or parking
people
lots.
evacuated from
and beach
Because
life by
danger zones.
nourishment
burying it.
doesn'tmethods
stop
The hard
sand and soft eng
All of the above
can be classified5.into
erosion,
added to the
nourishment
beach is
must be are methods which try to prevent
often
Hard engineering
natural proce
repeated to
different
examples would
include
sea wall, revetments and
gabions.
maintain
the
from the
beach.
natural
beach sand.

Soft engineering are methods which try to encourage natural proc

and slowing), examples include beach nourishment, planting vegeta

Unfortunately most coastal management methods have severe imp

Beach nourishment

Sand material is added to

Soft engineeri
making a larger beach to help large beach w
slow waves.
tourism, mate
It can be areas down th
hard to find a
perfect
transported th
match.

OffOffshore
shore reef
reef

Wavesare placed
1. May
Tyres or1.rocks
in abe Soft engineeri
break on
removed by
band off shore
making the
tyres can be c
the barrier
heavy
before
storms
water shallower
and making
reefs attract f
2. Difficult to
reaching
coast.earlier. install
the wavesthe
break
used for divin
3. Very
This
expensive waves
to
hitting
reduces
build.
erosion.
smaller and sa
2. They allow

Rock or
concrete
barriers built on
the sea a short
distance from
the coastline.

Planting vegetation

Grass is planted in sand

dunes to hold sand in place.

Managed retreat
Planting
vegetation

the buildup of sand

along the
coast and
allow a
wide beach
to develop
as wave
energy is
reduced.
1. Planting
vegetation
reduces
the impact
of wind
and water.
2. Low cost.

Soft engineeri
option, encou
there.

Coastline is left to retreat

Soft engineeri
Vegetation is an
The need for
due to erosion but the1.area
is option, doesn
effective and
regular
inexpensivemonitored for safety andmaintenance
coast further
way to stabilize
s,
2. The shifting
dunes and people evacuated from
nature of the
protect
danger
zones.
defenses,
marshes. It also

the
All of theenhances
above
methods can be classified
be effective into hard
natural beauty
3. Less likely to

of the
landscape,
providing
pleasing variety
and contrast to
the eye and
attracting small
animals to the
food, nesting
sites, and
protective
cover it affords.

against
extreme
storm events

Hard engineering are methods which try to prevent

examples would include sea wall, revetments and gabi

Soft engineering are methods which try to encourag

and slowing), examples include beach nourishment, pl

Unfortunately most coastal management methods ha

coastline. As less material is eroded of transportatio

the coast are diminished. Beaches act as natural prot