Electrical Power Per SQFT (Austin Energy)

PLC Docket No.
40827
Response to OPC 1-47, Attachment 1
Page 11 of 28
Auslame/'Oemand load and Revemre EYakiaHaw
Table 3.13 Commerdai Building/ Occupancy Type-Demand Per Square Foot

Bldg
TV"
No.
Building Type
_
Building Description
.......... .....^. ____..._....^......^_.,..., e
COMMERCIAL
__^
Large Office (>30K ft)
^ : ....__.. N _
Depository Institutions, Insurance

carriers/agents, real estate, business
services, medical cllnWoffloas, legal
services, social services,
business/labor/poiiqcai organizations,
Power
Factor
(%)
M._._.._
Load
Factor
(%)
. .. _..
85 m Vpp 42
Yon-As^ps
f?
..-6.9
courts ^
_........
Small Office (<30K ft2)
Same as above
86
34
9.1
Restaurant - Fast Food

(<4K ft2)
Eating and drinking places
88
44
32.0
Restaurant - Sit Down

(>9K ft?)
same as above
87
49
25.0
Building materials and garden supplies,

89
department stores, auto dealers, cloth Ing
stores, fumtture/appliance/home furnishing
stores, misc. retail (drug, sporting goods,
bicyde, stationery, gift)
.^
...
...^_ w
Same as above
90
45
7.5
M:...._.. : .
37
12.3
5 ^^ Large Retail (>30K ftT) -
.
Small Retail (<30K ftz)
6
7
Large Food Stores (>30K

ft')
Grocery, dairy products, fruit and

vegetable, meat and fish, retail bakeries,
liquor storw
89
79
13.1
Small Food Stores (<30K
Same as above, Le., ^7-11," "Circle K"
88
58
20.6
_..__......^
Refrigerated warehousing and storage,
packaged frozen foods, dairy products,
poultry products, fish and seafood, meats
79
54
17.8
ft2)
9
.,.. .
Refrigerated Warehouse
and meat products, fresh fruits and

vegetables
10
Non refrigerated wttti AC

Warehouse
Local trucking with storage, public

warehousing and storage, wholesale trade
- durable goods (motor
vehicles,//arts/supplies, tires, furniture,
a3
10a
Non refrlgerated, Non-AC

Warehouse
Same as above
85
28
1.0
11
Elementary and Secondary

Schools
Elementary and secondary schools, day

care services
79
25
17.5
12
Colleges and Universities
84
35
9.0
55
...........-.
14.5
______.
13
Hospitals
DOG 3-42
V. 1.1.0
Collages and unIversltIe4 vocational

schools
. s,...and
. ..._.educational
___ ....m ._ _ ._. ,.,.schools,
_.
.._services
_.^
Hospitals (surgical/general/psychiatric),
nursing and personal care facilities
85
Commercial Electrical Demand Estimation
Date'
6/1 1/12
Customer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluations
Approvai:
CRS
200
PUC Docket No. 40627

Page 12 of 28
Qfstanei Demand toad and R"w FvalteMa+s

Building Type
Bldg
Type
No.
__
14
Building Description
Power
Factor
Load
Factor
^...., ^ ^.,..^ ,^ .. . ._._..... ,
.
,_
_..._._ .._, ._.r
Health Clinics
Medical and dental laboratories, outpatient
85
..._.^.
_..^. __ ^_._..._ _ .__.._ .._ clinics
_,....._...^ .. . _._. .^
15
Hotels and Motels
Hotels and motels
86
16
Auto Repair Shops
18
Movie Theaters
_._....._._. .__
19
Bowling Alleys
45
45
.^.....,.w.._,^...
7.6
Auto body, glass, exhaust, paint, tire,

81
28
transmission,
and repair services
_.w., .
^..^,^.._
^_.....,,. .,_....,. ._.
Electrical appliance repair (radio, television,
80
30
refrigerator), reupholster, watch and clock
..^,._.._^ ...._.....____.._^m.,...
_.
Indoar
movle
theaters
93
37
_w.... _. . . .__.. __
...^....^.^..,
_ .r.....,.. _ ,^.._ ...
Dowling alleys
83
45
20
U.S. Post Offices
.^.,..^. .^...__^__^_^,....., a.. _. _...._.
21
Light Manufacturing
_.
22
Heavy Manufacturing
23
Equipment Testing
..._._ .. . _. .,
U.S. Postal Service
82
47
TBD
TBD
^..._ ..... ., _.
82
31
1115
14.3
._ W.,
16.1
10.4
8.4
INDUSTRIAL
_. ._ . -.. .
Fabrication, light manufacturing, non
85
40
assembly line, product distribution,
machine shops
.,._... , _.
. ^. .. . ._... ._,_...._
...W...^_,,._.__
Assembly line, electronic equipment
40
85
manufacturing
Personal computer testing, quality
assurance, testing laboratories
____.____._....._ ._.
.....
Clothes, hats, belts, fur, leather, curtains
^f
_,._. _. ^
12.8
__........w
.^...A_
_
17
Miscellaneous Repair
...._...._.^ .^..
Vail -.4
7.0
9.0
T8D
_ __ ..w.._
6.0
24
Apparel Manufacturtt>g
25
Furniture Manufacturing
Wood and metal household and office

fumiture, mattress" and bedsprings, wood
TV cabinets
77
33
8.4
26
Paper Products l
Containers, boxes, can, drums, bags,

stationery
75
46
7,5...
27
Printing/Pubtishkig
Newspapers, periodicals, books, greeting

cards, typesetting
81
31
9.1
28
Plastic Products
85
46
11.4
37
9.4
61
^....__
11.4
.
29
30
Plastic films and sheets, laminated, profile

shapes, pipe, bottles, foam, plumbing
fixtures
^.,^ ._
._.^... _ ,,
Metal Fabrication
Cans, shipping containers, barrels,
hardware, doors, sheet metal, screws,
bob, nuts, washers, stampings, forgings,
springs
_ ....__.V _ V.- .. ........_.
_.._
_,
Telephone Communication Telephone mmmunk.adons and switching
Center
center
_
. _..
77
_ .,. ._..
85
..._,.r_^^.^ ^.
Volt-xmpslRz = 0.001 x kVA/ft1(Bxainple: 10.0 Vott-empx/ftz = 0.010 kVA/ftl)
WanaJtl3 - (Volt-amps/ft) x Power Factor
^.._.
Wanz/n'- 0.001 kW/ft= (8acaopic: to Watis/il' - 0.010 kW/ft)
Date`
^lt1^1z
Approva,
CRS
Cusbomer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluations
DOG 3-43
v' 1'1'0
201

Page 13 of 28
L2atcwu.W DBlnand Loedmnd Rev~ Evaluations
If no occupancy type is indicated or known by the customer, the designer should assume that the
demand load will be at least 7.5 watts/ftZ and recommend that the customer wire out for a
connected load of 15 volt-amps/ft', for multiple-fuel buildings and 20 volt-amps/ft' for total electric
buildings. (See Section 3.6.4)
3.6.2
Demand Factors for Industrial Loads
Demands and diversities of industrial loads vary widely depending on the type of process and
business operation. A fiill. understanding of the load and the related process equipnient must be
supplied by the customer on the. F-SPA foxn-i prior to any attempt in calculating demands.
Typically several meetings are needed with the customer's representatives, engineering consultants,
and facility engineers and managers in order to gain a sufficient and detailed understanding of the
process and operational needs of the customer to accurately estimate the customer's load.
3.6.2.1
Demand FacMrs for IndUst`ria/ Loads
Table 3.14 provides a general guideline to help estimate demands for some common industrial
equipment. These guidelines are provided here only as a reference. '1'he designer/engineer should
perform a detailed study and evaluate each project on a case-by-case basis. With industrial
customers, it is particularly important to determine the types and times of operation, in order to
determine the customer's load factor.
In order to properly apply the demand factors of Table 3,14, it is essential that the connected load
Information provided in the custonux's load schedule be properly broken down into the categories
listed. The designer should solicit the assistance of the custotnei's consulting electrical engineer in
reading and interpreting single line diagrams and panel schedules if necessary.
DDG 3-44
V. 111'0
Commercial Eiectricel Demand Estimation
Date
6/11/12
Customer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluatlons
Approval:
CRS
202

Page 14 of 28
LLsYcvrkr Oemand lasd and ReVpnue &a/uetlans
Table 3.14 Demand Factor for Various Industrial Loads

Type of Load/Equipment
-___..^.^ _^..^.._ _._.
General Lighting
Typical Demand
Remarks
Factor
_, _..... .^__._ ._.._.....^..__
._. _ _.... _. . _..^._
,,....,..^.___.._ _ _ .__._.._.....
0.8
Lower demand factor may be applied depending on the
lighting application
General Receptacles
..^...-..^._......... ..x.,. _ ._._.m.m..^..._
Air Conditioning
__._......._._.___._._..^. ._...r._,....P
Air Handling Equipment
Process Chiller
General Power
Cooking
0.1
use DF =.5
^^ tl
_ & Electronics,
..._^._^ ,..^.
.w.... N.._.. For PC
^w....^, -__^_._.. ^.._.._..^ . ... . . . w .... .
..._..___
0.8-1.0
1.25
kW/ton
under
10
ton;
1.0
kW/ton
10
and
over
__^ .._...^.
_...^..,.
_.
__....... ^_ ___._.
__
0.9
Vents, exhaust fans
,. _ .^. .
1.0
0.3
^ ,_ . . ._- . . _...
Refrigeration
Air Compressors
Major Appliances, use DF-A

--...._.._.....
0.3
. ..
0.5
^ _.._.
0.2-0.5
Water Heaters
0.5
__ . .^. ,^______._._ ..___. . ._......_...._ _ .._
Overhead Crane
0.3
w^.,
...^....,....._..
m....__
_.
N/A
_._._._
Escalators
...._....,...^_.. .
3.6.2.2
__._..
^._
0.6
__.^..
Demand depends on use. If used intermittently, I.e,, gas

station, consider load when checking the voltage drop.
...__._._.
^.
Elevators
..^_.
_.._____^_.^ ......... ......
.__.. ....... ,......__.__^......_.^.,..m^.
.._. . __,_._... _.... .__.__..._..._...,._..

__......_.^.
Most elevator loads are non demand load. (Do not
operate consecutively for more than 15 minutes.)
__.._
.ro...^._..
Demand Esfimatlon forInduslMial Loads
The best approach to estimating the demands of industrial loads is to break down the loads into
similar categories and apply the demand factors listed in Table 3.14 to each category. (See
Commercial Demand Method 2 in Section 3.6.4) The summation of the individual category
demands will be a rough estimate of the total demands. Again, a thorough understanding of the
customer's loads and operations is essential for proper design.
3.6.3
Demand Factors for Commercial Loads
Commercial load demands have higher predictability than industrial loads due to similarity in load
behaviors and consistent application usage pattern. Table 3.15 lists some of the frequently
encountered loads/equipment and their demand factors for commercial applications.
In order to properly apply the demand factors of Table 3.15, it is essential that the connected load
information included in the customer's land schedule provided with the ESPA form be properly
broken down into the categories listed. The designer should solicit the assistance of the customer's
consulting electrical engineer in reading and interpreting single line diagrams and panel scliedules if
necessary.
_^,_ .
Data
6/11/12
^r"^^r^+*S'v^
Approval:
CRS
^..,..^...
_.^.,._..._.
.,. _
..._...
_ .^.__...
^._
DDG 3-45
^_._._.
V' 14'0
203

Response to OPC 1-47, Attachment I
Page 15 of 28
CLstamer Demrnd toad and Revenue EYalunHats
Table 3.15 Demand Factors for Various Commerda! Loads

...
Type of Load/Equipment
Typical _t]errrand
Remarks
.._. _.... _.^__
Factor
General Ughting*
0.8
General Receptacles
0.1
Air Conditioning
Lower or higher demand factor may be applied

depending on the application and the time the lights are
actually on.
0.8 - 1.0t*
1.25 kW/tun < 10 ton; 1.0 kW/ton Z 10 ton
0.3
General Power
Laundry
0.5-018
Cooking
0.3-0.5
Refrigeration
....._..._ ^_.,. ^.._ ._ ................ ...._ _._ .. _ __.....w.. , M. 015 .._,. _ ..
0.2-0,5
Air Compressors
Water Heaters
o.2
Elevators
N/A
Escalators
0,6
Motors
Most elevator loads are non demand load. (Do not

operate consecutively for more than 15 minutes.)
Use the largest motor plus one-half the remaining motor
loads; calculate the voltage drop at startup.
._.__._ ,.,.
0.3 - 0.5
__ .
_.a....W...._
_. . _. __ _
m.,m...^._._^,.,_.-.r,. ^.....,..__.,_._.^...._.
To estimate lighting lead, if irot provided by the customer, multiply the total square footage by 3 watts per sq. 11,
1.0 for a single unit; 0.9 forlhw to five unlts; 0.8 for more than five units.
Elevators, large motors (more than 5 lip), welders, and )urge x-ray machines may need to be
separated from the other loads due to voltage dip or light flicker problems. The electrical demand
for motors up to 30 hp output rating can be estimated using Table 3.16 For motors larger than 30
hp, use kVA Demand -(0,74G) x (hp)/ 0.9 x (motor efficiency rating). Use 0.90 for motor
efficiency for larger motors if unknown.
^.^.^.._..
DDG 3-46
V. 1.1.0
_....
w..w.._....^._-___w^
.4
....

ptstane^. Demand Load and Revenue Evaluations
_ . ._
Date
6131/12
_^ __._^
^^_
^ô^t'
CR.S
204

Page 16 of 28
C3atcmer Demand taad and Revenue "UOM
Table 3.16 Motor Load Demand Estimation

I Horsepower I kVA Demand {
5.0
3.6.4.1
5.16
7.5
7.74
10
10.32
15
_.,..., _..._
20
3.6.4
.._ .
13.81
_ .__ __
18.42
25
23.02
30
27.63
Demand Estimation for Commercial Loads

Demand Estimation Methods for Commencia/ Load
The following four methods shall be used in estimating demand loads for commercial customers:
Historical demand per square foot
Customer's load schedule and operational need
Historical demsuid of similar customers.
Size/capacity of customer's service entrance equipment.
Commercial Demand Method 1 attempts to estitnate demand based on the square foot area of the
commercial building using unit demands derived from a study of customers with similar operational
needs. Table 3.13 shows the volt-amps/fts unit demand that need to be converted to watts/fe in
order to be used with this method. (watts/ft2 = volt-amps per ft' x Power Factor)
Commercial Demand Method 2 requires a detailed breakdown of electrical plava submitted by the
customer into load categories and applying typical demand factors showa on'I'able 3.14 or Table
3.15 to account for diversity in the load, Again, the demand factors are derived from studying the
operations of commercial customers and are averages to be used with this method to diversify the
connected load information provided by the customer. If no other occupancy type is indicated by
the customer, the designer should assume that the demand load will be at least 7.5 watts/ft-2 and
recommend that the customer wire out for it connected load of at least 15 volt-amps/ftx. for
multiple-fuel buildings and 20 volt-amps/fe for total electric buildings (Also see Commercial
Demand Method 4).
,Since the above two methods are based on historical average demand,,;, the estimated demand is
expected to be within 25% of the actual demand.
Date:
6/11/I2
Commercial Electrical Demand Eatimation
Approval'
CRS
DDG 3-47
V. 11,0
205

Page 17 of 28
Cusa7merDemand LW OW Rnavnie EValutlwr.s
Commercial Demand Method 3 is the most reliable technique, if ii.r,,,vi/ai-curtoiiier--inatching

the load being studied in size, type of operation, and clirnata--is found. The designer/ engineer
should make every attempt to find it similar customer. The customer, consulting engineer, or other
representatives are excellent sources for this information.
Commercial Demand Method 4 is the least reliable demand estimation technique. For the
purpose evaluating a building built on a speculative basis or any building with no definitive
information concerning the permanent customea's type, usage, or electrical land requirement-,, the
engineer/designer can use 50% of main disconnect switch capacity or service cnttance conductor
sizes provided in the FSP11 form as a rough estimate of the customer's demand load (this uses 50%
of the connected load as the demand load).

* ifc=ipaicy typc can be dctcntuned, demaixl per aquas root figures in Table 3.13 can be utilized in demand calcolations.
3.6.4.2
Demand Estimation Examples for Commercial Load
The following examples illustrate the four ciiffetent methods of demand estimating, for n typical sitdown restaurant to be built in the Austin Energy service area.
Commercial Demand Method 1- Estimating Dernand Using Square Footage

The following provides an example of estimating the kV.A demand needed to size AF, equipment for
a new Drumsticlcs'R' Us restaurant using historical average demand and load factor per square foot
by type of occupancy:
FORMULA
Vrrit-Arnps^
t ft x __: 0 2
kVA
1000
VARIABLES
kVA a Thousands of Vok-Amps (kVA)
ftz = Number of square feet in the building
An example calculation for the demand artd load factor rtsr.'rg histarca! aererage data per sguan, fool by lj+jre of
ocrnfxrucy follows based on the following conditions for a new Drumsticks 'R' Us restaurant.
_._ mv.. . .
MG 3-p8
V. 1.1.0
crate:
6/1iJ12
Approval:
CRS
206

Page 18 of 28
!'raotrxr' Demand load and Reverwe EvahraA'prts
CONQtTlONS
Main Switch Board - 800 Amp
Voltage = 208Y/120V, 344 4W
Building area - 5000 ft?
Building Type No. = 4 (>4000 ft)
Building ( Vo1tÂmpsl _25.0 (Plom Table 3.13)
!/^s/ny BMy
I. Type No. 4(St
/I-pnwir Restaurant (>4A'ftZ))
Customer demand (WA):
WA
=ft'x (Volt -Amps/0)

1000
= 5000 x 25 (Volt - Amps /ii
l_000
= 125.0 tcVA
Commercial Demand Method 2- Estimating Demand Using Customer Plans (ESPA

Info) and Operational Needs
The following provides an example of estinutting the kVA demand needed to size AE equipment for
the Drumsticks `R' Us restaurant using the commercial demand factor information provided in
Table 3.15 and the following lond schedule notuisllly developed from the ESPA information:
Connected Load (IMI)**
Load Schedule
Category
12.6 kW
__^..,.....^..,.v..... ..
50.0 kW
Lighting
_^.... _ ^..^.....^ _.,
Air conditioning
Cooking
__
80.0 kW
Receptacles
12.6 kW
Spare
17.0 kW
_ .._,.,..._
**Tho above ornnwctod load figures Avere determined from the tiSPA normally provided by
the customer or the customer's consulting engineer (not shown).
Customer metering demand (kW) = Sum of connected load x demand factor (from Table 3.15) for
each type of load.
Date
6/11/12
Approval:
CRS
DDG 3-49
V. 1.1.0
207

Page 19 of 28
Cusfaner Dcrnand l.oad W Reaarwe EYatabbM

^__....__. .,_. .
Category
.^
._.... ....._._..^..._.v._. __
_. ____ . _
Demand Factor
_._.,.^. . ,.. _ ._... Connected Load
. ,. ^
Calculation
_ _ .,,.,__._...^.
_._ ._
0,8 x 12.6
Lighting
80%
.......^_.^ .W.w...
12,6 kW
Air Conditioning
10096
50.0 kW
1.0 x 50.0
Cooking
40%
80.0 kW
0.4 x 80.0
10%
12.6 kW
0.1 x 12.6
Receptacles
,.
Result
^ __. ..__.._.V.^.._
10.1 kW
=
50.0 kW
32.0 kW
1.3 kW
customer kW or metering demand

.w...^.^_. .... .^.._......__.._.. .. Total
_......_..___-_-^__..^..
.,......_..^,^,...._...^
93.4 kW
^..w....^
Nole:Spare or tUlnre load rnq misidcrnd.
To size AE facilities, we need to express the customer's demand in kVA (for nansformw sizing) and amperes
(not shown) for service sizing.
Customer demand (in kVA)= p

kW
= 93
,.A
.87
= 107.4 kVA, pf= power factor
Note: Power factor for Sit-Down Restaurants in Table 3,13
Commercial Demand Method 3- Estimating Demand Using Historical Information

The following providcs an example of estimating the kVA demand needed to size, AE equipment for
the new Drumsticks `R' Us restaurant using historical billing information for another Drumsticks'R'
Us of comparable skc in the same climate zone. Using the electric consumption information from
AE CC&Fi, determine the peak kW demand for the previous 12 billing periods and the total kWh
and number of days for the peak billing period.
AE CC&B Billing Information; kWh = 40,380
kW = 96.3
Days = 31
p f= 96.3
Customer demand (kVA) = kW
=110.7 kVA
.87
pf = 0.87 from Table 3.15.
Commercial Demand Method 4- Estimating Demand Using Customer's Service

Entrance Equipment Information
The following provides an example of estimating the kVA demand needed to size AE equipment for
the Drumsticks'R' Us restaurant using 50"/0 or 1/2 of the size/capacity of the customer's service
entrance equipment as the demand.
GIVEN DATA:
800A Main Switch Board
208Y/120V, 3 0, 4W
Calculating the Customer Demand (kVA) as 1/2 of the service entrance equipment rating.
_
DOG 3-50
V. 1.1.0
^^...
_....
Date
6/11/12
Approval,
CRS
208

Page 20 of 28
Ctestorrler Demaad (oad and RerEnue EWuaXarrs
((.^x Vo(taged.,}x ^ x T6,,,i^,C111111tqe

cl^Mqiry ia m^p!
kVA
((x2os)x!x8oo
V
1000
1000-144kVA
3.d. 4 3
Complarrng the Results of the Four Demand fistimating Alethods
't'he four demand estimating methods in the examples above result in demand load estimates,
ranging from 107.4 kVA to 144 kVA. All four would require a 150-kVA transformer since a 75-WA
transformer is limited to 85 kVA for load factors of 0 to 60 percent (see'1'able 3.17).
Method No,
kVA Demand
125.0
^.^ 107.4
110.7
144 ry^ ^
Determination
Method
Square Footage
ESPA
HIstorical Usage
Service Entrance
If the methods had resulted in substantially different estimates requiring different transfornier sizes,
the results of Commercial Demand Method 3 would have been used. Commercial Demand Method
3 is generally the most reliable if the similar customer is a close match. In this case, it should be,
since it is another franchise operated by the same customer in the same climate zone. If a similar
customer is not available, use the following criteria to determine the demand load.
a.
Determine the Ratio
R= Deinandk*mod,
Dematld,t,,,,d z
b.
If the above ratio is between 0.8 and 1.2 (0.8 < R < 1.2), use the load from the square footage demand
(Method 1)
c.
IT the ratio Is less than 0.8 or greater than 1.2 (R < 0.8 or R> 1.2), use the lesser value of
Method i or 2.
Again, the engtreer/designer should only use Method 4 when there Is not enough Information to use
Methods 1, 2, or 3 (or for a quick comparlson with the results of methods 1, 2, or 3).
d.
3.6.4.4
Determining Transformer Demand for jilf,11tiple

Commerrala//IndustrlaJ Loads
For multiple commercial/industrial loads served from the same tinnsformer, use the follorwing
coincidence factors to calculate total demand at a given point.
....... w..
Date'
6/11/12
^_ _...._,_..,. ...__ _.
Approval:
CRS
Commerciai Electrical Demand Estimation

_... ... _ . ^ ,
_._...__ _.., _. _... ^^.
. ...,.^.^^...,.^ ,.
DC7G 3-51
_..,__.. ,
V. 1'1'0
209

Response to OPC 1.47, Attachment 1
Page 21 of 28
Carlwer /aemsnd toad aaw' Rewduae EYehNrtbns

^.^........-...___^__..._,^,.^ __
Number of
Coincidence Factor
Customers
......
._^.-.._.^,....._
1.00
2
3
q
^ ...... ...
.92
... . ..^.
.85
--
.80
5
_ _._
........... . .
.76
___....__^....,74
6
ToW De,na,d ^ Coincidence Kaetor x Stun ofCaioadotcd lbmm,ds
E1{AMPLE: Using coincidence factor

The following three commercial loads are to be served from the same 3-phase padtuount
transformer. Selection of a transformer size with And without taldng load diversity is shown bclomr,
Customers
Calculated Demands
Restaurant
34 kVA
Convenience
22 kVA
Medical office
37 WA
Total demand without

applying coincidence factor
= demandj + demand2 + demand3

= 34 + 22 + 37 = 93 kVA
93 WA requires a 150 WA transformer
Total demand after

applying coincidence factor
= CF (demand1 + demand2 + demand3)

0.85 (34 + 22 + 37) p 79.05 WA
79 WA requires a 75 WA transformer
Using the following Table 3.17, a 75-kVA transformer can be used instead of the 150-kVA
transformer becausc the CF factor was taken into account.
^ ^.^. ^ .^.... w..

17r>G 3-52
_^^..._.,.___.
commercial Electrical Demand Estimation
6J^ 2
Approval*
.,^,..w.._.-.
+
^^^^
V' 1 .1.0
210

Page 22 of 28
[}rsfnmer Demand Load and Rawenw aaluetlarK
3(0 Transformer Loading Guidelines and Considerations.
3.6.5
Loading Guldelin0s for 30Padmount Trans/hrmeras
3.6.5.1
Table 3.17 Recommended Loading Ranges for 3 44 Padmount Transformer**

Transformer
Name Plate WA
.....^.....,....
_
7s
150
225
...
300
_...,_.
Initial kVA Loading

__..
Range
_v......_.
_...
WA Loading
Change out Point
......^....,
.
0 - 85
^..._..
^^
g5 - 175
175 - 275 _.^... _......_
_.._.__^
275 - 350
100
200
300
__. .
400
350 - 575
675 ^ V
750
575 - 850
1000
1000
850 -1100
1350
1500
1100-1700
2000
500
1700- 2200
2000
^._..W^..... _.....
2200- 2800
2500
2700
3300**r
[lime plia4cs.
* Thota bk ' u basod on a utnximum load factor of 6096 and assumes load is na11110ca ucnvcx:le U.
be
limited
to
75%
of
nanie
plate
kVA
and
change
out at 1 t 0.6 of
For load lkclors of 619b to 7596, initial loading ahould
nanic Plate.
name plate kVA and change out at 1000/4 of
For load factors of 76% to 909t;, milled loading should] be limited to 70% of
name plate.
transfonner, initial loading should he limited to $t>gb *f the
For land factors 009176 to 10tPk, install the next size larger
name plate kVA,
wuueplate kVA of the larger trsnsfonner and change out at 100% of
vv Change out oplious:
1. Add ndditmtnl point(s) of sorvicc and divide load between View
separate service entrances and the metering
2. Split-bus for 3,P service ( the secondary load split equally between two
as
one
customer.)
on cacit bus is totalized and tlros treated
3. Parallel tnutisfbrmar service (not an Alt stnndwd)
4. Primary voltage service
secondaries mo available in sizes from 75 to 750 kVA only.

1. Transformers with 208V/120V
secm+dsries am available in sizes from 75 to 2500 kVA.
Transformera
with
277Vf480V
2,
3.6.5a
Minimum Transformer-Sizing for 3+A Motor Load
Use the following minimum 3(P padtnoturt transformers or 3 4) transformec bank sizes when
providing service to serve the various 3 Qy motor sizes up to 100 hp, The recommended transfotmet
bank sizes should be adequate for motor starting, but for 50 hp and larger 3 CA motors, contact
System Engineering for additional customer motor starting requirements.
_^,.,.m.,^...^...
6f 11^1z
a3`h^^^
Approval:
^.^
^
DOG 3-53
Commercial Electrical Demand Estimatbn
^...._ .
...,^
.,
._..._.
.^._...._
._.,_^_^ ..._.,._
V.1.1.0
211
PUC Docket No, 40827

Page 23 of 28
QislamerDemand toad and Reenu.+ EvAaflans
Table 3.18 Recommended Minimum Transformer Bank Sizes for 3 m Motor Load
.M
-.
. _ ..._ _^._. _.
-30 Motor Sire
3 m Open-Wye Trf Bank
3 dt Trf. BankJPdrnGTrf.
15 hp & smaller
2- 10 kVA
3- 10 kVA/75 kVA
20-25hp
2-15kVA
3-10kVA/75kVA
30 hp
2- 25 kVA
3- 10 kVA/75 kVA
3 - 15 kVA175 kVA
... ..._._..^....-----^
3- 25 kVA/75 WA
2 - 25 kVA.^. ._ _ _ . _ .
40 hp _...-,.. _.^..
,_.
2- 50 kVA
50 hp
_ ..
^.. _..^.W-.
NA
60 hp
__..__._. . . ^^...
_...._
70 hp
NA
80 hp
- _ __.._.,.. .. _ __ _ .,,..
NA
^
^..,.. .. _ ..
90 hp
100 hp._-__.
3.6.5.3
NA
.^,....._.^.^._
25 kVA/75 kVA
3_ ..^,...._,_.
. .,. __.....
3- 25 kVA/75 kVA
3- 50 WA/150 kVA
.... .......^.....,._
3 - 50 kVA/150 kVA
...W....^.^._.w......_.3 - 50 kVA/150 kVA_. ^....-,
_.........__.
30 Transformer Switch and Fusing Configurations
30 nadmount transformers sizes 75 through 750 MA with loop-feed switches

3.6.5.3.1
Three-phase padmount transformers sizes 75 through 750 kVA are supplied only with a loop-feed
londbrcak switch and weak link/partial range current-limiting fuses.'1'his transformer can be used
for single transformer radial feed installations or as a part of it sub-feeder loop for a multi
transformer installation loop Installation.
3.6.5,3,1
30 padmount transformers sizes 1, OW through 2,500 kl/A with loop-feed

switches
T1uee-phase padtnount transformers sizes 1,000 through 2,500 kVA are supplied with loop-feed
loadbreak switches and weak link/partial range cunent-limiting fuses. This style transformer should
be used only as a part of a sub-feeder loop for looping through each unit in a multi transformer
installation.(Caution: Internal transformer fusing for 1,000 and 1,500 kVA sizes will not coordinate
with fuses smaller than 175E+ SM-4 Sic fuses. Internal transformer fusing for 2,000 and 2,500 kVA
sites will not coordinate with standard AE [uses. Fault protection for sub-feeder loops with 2,000 or
2,500 kVA internally fused txansformcrs must be achieved with relayed reclosers or other fault
interrupting breakers (See'lable 8.5),
Normally, three-phase padmount transformers sizes 1,000 through 2,500 kVA should be fed radially
and fused off of the main line feeder such that the transformer is fused at the riser pole or in a
padmounted Prffl, switchgear and three slugs are installed in place of the three internal weak fink
fiises,
ppG 3-54Jrectrka10emafldE5th01
V.1,1.0
Customer Demand LoW and Revenue Evaluations
6/17J12
Approval'
CRS
212

Page 24 of 28
CuslovnerAwnad tmd and Retirntx E4eke0u
3.6.53.3
3 0 padmount transrnrmersizes 1,000 through 2,500 M single transformer

rad/al with on-off swJtohes
Three phase padniount transformer sizes 1,000 through 2,500 WA are also supplied with an on-off
radial feed loadbreak switches and a slug in pincc of an internal fuses. This use of loap-feed
transformer should be used only for single transformer radial-feed installations, (The transformer
fusing should be located at the riser pole or in padmounted switchgcnr).
3.6.5.4
30 Overhead Transformer Bank Loading Considerations
When sizing the 1(D overhead transformers for 4-wire WYE connected 3 m secondary banks and
for 4-wire dosed and open UIM;t'A connected 3(P secondary banks, use the 1 ID overhead
transformer loading guidelines given in Table 3.9.
3.6.5.^4.1
3 0 Overhead Wye TranslnrmerBank With 4-Wrre Wye Connected Secnndary
The general assumption for 208Y/120 volt and 480Y/277 volt services is that the customer's singlcphase load is equally balanced between all three phases of the transformer or the transformer bank
such that each phase of the 34D transformer or each single-phase transformer in the 3CD bank each
secs equal portions of the custoiner's single-phase and three-phase load. Use the following kVA for
load requirements in Table 3.19 for sizing overhead three-phase transformer batiks serving 4-wire
wye connected secondaries.
Table 3.19 Recommended Loading Ranges for 3 m OH Transformer Banks with 4-Wire WYE
Connected Secondary (Assumes balanced load)
3 W TYansformer
Bank 10 kVA's
___._......._._. .__._._.._.10-10-10
15-15-15 .,.,..^_..^...,
kVA Bank Loading Change-out

Initial Bank kVA
Point^ ..^ w .^... ^ _..
Loa;ding Range
._....^. ......_...-_^T0-39
48
-..,
-..^
69
40-60
25-25-25
61-90
114
50-50-50
91-180
225
75-75-75
100-100-100
167-167d67___.
^._..
181-270
^ ^ ..-,, . ^ ...
271-360
361-600
_.. _._.,_-........^..
.^M
31 5
^ ..â.^._._...,,,
420
700*'"*
oar Change out option: NONE, Have customer split his 14W and take another point of service or convelt to
imdmonnted trnnsformor sorvice,
30 Overhead Wye Transformer Bank with 4-Wlre 0osed Delta Gbnnected

Secondary
The 240/120 volt 4-wire dosed delta secondary bank is comprised of three single-phase
transformers: one lighting transformer (usually the largest of the three because it carries the majoxity
of the single-phase load) and two equal in size power transformers (sometimes called kickers). The
3.6.5,4.2
Date'
6/11112
Approval-'
CRS
DOG 3-55
V' 111'0
213

Page 25 of 28
Cbstae+rser D enerxJ Load snd Rewrttw &akedonr
three-phase load is equally balanced between all three plumes of the transformer bank. Use the
following Table 3.20 for sizing the fighting and the two power transformers.
The 240/120 volt 4-wire closed delta connected secondary service connection is normally used for
240/120 volt customers who have a large amount of 3 m load (or 3 m motors larger than 40 hp) and
a smaller amount of I M load. The 4-wire closed delta connected secondary is not efficient for
serving large 14) loads because it does not make efficient use of the available transformer kVA. 4wire wpe connected secondaries (208Y/120 volts and 480Y/277 volts) are more efficient for serving
large 10 loads because the I m load can be wired so that it is distributed evenly between all three
phases.
DDG 3-56
Commerdal Electrical Demand Estlmation
Date
6/It/12
V. 1.1.0
Customer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluatlons
Approval:
CRS
214

Page 26 of 28
Custpnxr Demand Load and R'evenW E6010W
Table 3.201 m- 34D Load Distribution for an Overhead Transformer Bank with 4-Wire
Closed Delta Connected Secondary
lta Bank
Maximum kVA Demand Load on each Ito Overhead Transformer of a Wye-De
10030
753410
$0343
253m
1530
10341
10-30 0.030
kVA
kVA
kVA
kVA
kVA
kVA
kVA
Load
33.3
25.0
16.7
8.3
5.0 tl
3.3
33.3
25.0
16.7
8.3
5.0
3.3
NA
0 . 0 141 kVA
33.3
25.0
16.7
5,0
8.3
3,3
10 140 kVA
..,.._
^...
15 1 m kVA
25 10 WA
50 10 WA
75 1(0 kVA
100 10
kVA
15014)
kVA
31.5
23.1
14.7
11.6
9.9
6 .7
27.4
19.3
11.1
7.8
6.2
3.3
25.9
17.5
9.5
6.5
5.2
^^.e.. ,._.....
3.3
.....^...^----._., .^.__.^ ^^^ ^w
_.w.^
. ..,..^_^
34.7
26.6
18,0
14.8
13.3
10
28.9
20.8
12.5
9.4
7.9
5
26.3
18.2
10.6
7.8
5
6.5-..._.. ..^^._..
.. ._^_....._._ - ^_, .W,^..
^^.. ,
_
41.0
32.8
24.8
21.6
20,0
16.7
32.0
23.6
15.6
12.6
11.0
8.3
28.0
20^1
12.9
10,6
9.6
8.3
58.2
^
49.5
41.3
38.3
36.5
33 . 4
39.1
31.2
23.6
20.8
19.3
16.7
32.5
25.8
20.0
18.3
17.6
_.. _
...,.__,.w..
16.7
_...._.. ,. _
^._^.
50
74.3
66.3
58.0
54.7
53.2
46.8
39.4
31.8
28.9
27.5
25
38.7
32.8
27.8
26.4
25.5
25
J1.0^
82.5
75.0
71.3
70.0
66.6
55.0
47.3
40.0
333
37.2
35.9
45.5
40.0
35.6
34.5
34.2
33.3
^..,^...._ . _.^
124.0
116.0
108.0
105.0
103.0
100
71.0
64.0
57.0
54.0
52.0
s0
60.0
55.0
52.0
5110
51.0
50
150310
hVA
50.0
5010
50.0
39.6
35.9
34.1
56.8
52.5
50.9
42.8
37.0
34.5
59.5
53.8
^ 51.2
49.5
40.0
36.0
65.0
56.4
52.5
65.8
47.2
40.2
83.0
64.0
55.0
82.3
55.0
47.5
98A
70.7
60.3
99.0
62.5
51.6 ,
133.0
79.0
66.0
116.0
78.2
. 65.0
149.0
94.0
78.0
The largest or first load in each cell of the above table is the load on the lighting transformcr. The
second load in each cell is the load on the power (or kicker) transformer connected to the phase
lagging the phase to which the largest or lighting transformer is connected. The third load in each
cell is the load on the power (or kicker) transformer connected to the phase leading the phase to
which the largest or lighting transformer is connected. The power factor of the 10 load is assumed
to be 95% and the power factor of the 3(1) load is assumed to be 80"10.
_. ^.^.._>.. _.
Date:
6/11/12
roval
^^
^.
..
Commercial Electrical Demand 5stimAtion

^.. , _ .
: ._ ^_.._ ^ ._ _ ....^._ ._._._
Custnmer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluations
DDG 3"57
V. 1.1.0
215

Page 27 of 28
CLStamer Demand ttadand Remux &aRvvatio"
3 0 Overhead Open Wye Transformer Bank with 4W1re Open Delta Connected
Secondary
3.6.5.9.3
The 240/120 volt 4-wire open delta secondaxp bank is comprised of two single-phase trstnsforrners:
one lighting transformer (iisually the larger of the two because it carries the entire single-phase load}
and a power transf<aurier (sometimes called a kicker). The three-phase toad is equally but
inefficiently shared between the two txacisfsorrners (i.e. each 1(D trans former carries approximately
57.74% of the 3 (D load). Use the following Table 3.21 otTahlc 3.22 for sizing the lighting and
power transformers.
The LEADING connection is the pre ferred connection. If the type of connection is
not known, use
Table 3.22 for the LAGGING connection in determining transformer loading.
211 tD - 30 Load Distribution for an Overhead Transformer Bank with 4-Wire Open
Table 3.
Delta Connected Secondary and "LEADING" Lighting Transformer Connection
Wye-Open Delta Bank
Maximum WA Demand load on 10 Overhead Transformers of a Open
1934h
k!A
kVA E
10-30 0.030
WA
Load
43.3
43.3
57.7
57.7
17.0
8.7
223
14.4
36.2
28.8..^.
50.5
43.3
19.2
5.8
21.7
8.7
26.8
14.4
40.4
28.8
54.4
43.3
64.8
57.7
_ .M. _
68.5
57.7
29.1
5.8
31.4
8.7
36.2
14.4
49.1
28.8
62,7
433
76.6
57.7
54.0
5.8
56.1
8.7
60.5
14.4
... _
85.2
14.4
85.1
72.4
28.8._.^... .,^... 43.3
98.3
57.7
96.5
28.8
108.5
43.3
121.0
57.7
121.0
28.8
133.0
43.3
145.0
57 . 7
5.8
5.8
10 i d> WA
10 . 0
0.0
14.5
5.8
15 14x kVA
15.0
0,0
25 1 N kVA
25.0
0.0
50.0..._..._
751 m kVA
_.,._
75.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
10010
WA
10030
kVA
28.8
28.8
NA
0.0
7530
WA
14.4
14.4
0.0 1^ kVA
50 1^D kVA
503*
WA
12530
WA
81,6
,.79_.0_
8.7
5.8 ... ,.._..^.^.
,..
106.0
104.0
8.7
5.8
110.0
14.4
The largest or first load in each cell of the above table is the load on the lighting transformer when it
is connected to the phase leading the phase to which the power transformer is connected, The
smallest or second load is the load on the power (or lticker) transformer when it is connected to the
phase lagging the phase to which the largest or lighting transformer is connected. The power factor
of the 1 4? load is assumed to be 95% and the power factor of the 3(D load is assumed to be 80%.
DDG 3-58
V. i.i.0 ^

Customer Demand Load and Revenue Fvaluatfons
Approval:
CRS
216

Page 28 of 28
L}rstarnrer Demand toad and Revenue &Blua!lats
Table 3.22140 - 3 m Load Distribution for an overhead Transformer Bank with 4-Wire Open
Delta Connected Secondary and "LAGGING Lighting Tranaforter Connection
Maximum kYA L7erfand Laad on 10 CAmfiead Tlamsformers of a Open Wye-Open Delta Bank
75340+
WA
10034+
WA
28.8
28.8
43.3
43.3
57.7
57.7
29.3
14:4
38.7
28.8
53.2
43.3
67.5
57.7
39.2
14.4
....._...,,... .
48.3
14.4
58.0
43.5
43.3
28.8 _._._ ... m____.
._. . _.
.
57.5
53.5
43.3
28.8
64.0
14.4
78,0
28.8
0.030
kVA
L034>
kVA
1534+
WA
23530
kVA
0.010 WA
NA
518
5.8
8.7
8.7
t4.4
14.4
10 14) WA
10.0
0.0
15.7
5.8
18.5
8.7
10-30
Load
15 14) kVA
... _:
_
25 14) kVA
2{}.7
15.0
5.8
0.0
_._... _... ... .
30.5
25.0
5.8
0.0
50 10 kVA
50.0
0.0
55.5
5.8
75 10 WA
_ _
75.0
0.0
80.3
5.8
10010
kVA
100.0
0.0
105.8
5.8
23.5
8.7
....... ._...__w..
33.2
8.7
58.5
8.7
5030
kVA
92.5
43.3
72.5
57.7 ..___..
._.
82.5
57.7
107.0
57.7
132.0
117.5
103.2
88.9
83.2
57.7 M..
43.3
28.8
14.4
..._._.._ _._ ... .. _ ... .^..,..., ._. ._..........__w. _. ,. .
._._.8.7
157.0
142.0
128.0
114.0
108.3
57.7
43.3
14.4
28.8
8.7
The largest or first load in each cell of the above table is the load on the lighring transformer when i
is connected to the phase lagging the phase to which the power transformer is connected. Thc
smallest or second load is the load on the power (or kicker) transformer when it is connected to the
phase leading the phase to which the largest or lighting transformer is connected. The power factor
of the 1 cD load is assumed to be 95% and the power factor of the 3 CI? load is assiuned to be 80%.
3.7 Commercial Revenue Estimation

Part of the design process is to estimate the annual revenue AN would receive from a particular
commercial/industrial customer to determine if the revenue is sufficient to allow the construction
for the necessary service facilities at no cost to the customer or if the customer should make a
contribution toward the cost of these AV. facilities. Approaches to this problem of estimating a new
customer's (or an added load's) annual revenue to AT? start with the same four basic approaches to
calculating electric demand developed in Section 3.6 plus the application of the appropriate load
factors and power factors, also given in Section 3.6, to determine kWh's and then the application
appropriate AR electric rate to determine the revenuc.
;
12
*Fval:
Commerdal Revenue Est:ImMbn

D[>C 3-59
V. 1 . 1 .0
217
SOAH Docket No. 473-13-0935

City of Austin's Response to OPC's 1st RFI
OPC 1-48
What is the average number of residential customers per transformer. Divide into
single-family and multi-family if available.
RESPONSE:
As of November 9, 2012, the average number of residential customers per transformer was 6.35.
Data for single-family and multiple-family is not available.
Prepared by:
Sponsored by:
David Wood
David Wood
218

to OPC's 1st RFI
Response
City of Austin's
OPC 1-49
Please provide the total number of line transformers by kVA size; divide into
polemount, padmount, and other underground, if available.
RESPONSE:
Please see Austin Energy's response to OPC 1-27.
Prepared by:
Sponsored by:
David Wood
David Wood
219

to OPC's lst RFI
Response
City of Austin's
OPC 1-50
Please provide the number of transformers serving 1, 2, 3, and up to 20, and 20 or

more customers.
RESPONSE:
As of November 9, 2012 Austin Energy had the following transformers serving 1, 2, 3, 4 to 20,
and more than 20 customers:
Transformers serving I customer = 9,668
Transformers serving 2 customers = 7,383
Transformers serving 3 customers = 5,876
Transformers serving 4 to 20 customers = 38,618
Transformers serving more than 20 customers = 3,778
Transformers serving downtown network = 580 (The downtown network
transformers typically serve numerous customers, but Austin Energy does not
have a breakdown per number of customers)
These figures do not include customers fed by primary meters.
Prepared by:
Sponsored by:
David Wood
David Wood
220

OPC 1-51
Please provide all studies which Austin Energy has conducted regarding the
diversity of customer loads at the line transformer for (a) single-family
residential; (b) multi-family residential; and (c) small commercial customers.
RESPONSE:
Austin Energy does not have any documents responsive to this request.
Prepared by:
Sponsored by:
David Wood
David Wood
221

OPC 1-52
Please provide excerpts from design manuals, other engineering specifications,

purchasing manuals, or other documentation explaining how Austin Energy trades
off capital costs and no-load and load-varying losses when purchasing
transformers.
RESPONSE:
On October 12, 2007, the United States Department of Energy ("DOE") issued a ruling on
distribution transformers efficiency. Distribution transformers manufactured in or imported into
the U.S. on or after January 1, 2010 will be required to comply with DOE standards.
All Distribution transformers purchased by Austin Energy 100% meet or exceed DOE efficiency
standards as noted in the attached specifications: E-1581, E-649, E-708 06-27-11, E-709 06-2911, and E-1579
For substation class transformers, see the attached excerpt from the City of Austin Electric
Utility Department Purchase Specification E-0815, revision 07/24/2012, for 138-12.47 kV, 30,
40, 50, 67 MVA three phase power transformers explains the criteria used to evaluate both load
losses and no-load losses when purchasing substation size transformers.
Attachment 1- Specification E-1581, 14 pages.
Attachment 2 - Specification E-649, 19 pages.
Attachment 3 - Specification E -708, 7 pages.
Attachment 6 - Specification E-0815, 1 page.
Prepared by:
Sponsored by:
David Wood
David Wood
222

Page 1 of 14
CITY OF AUSTIN ELECTRIC UTILITY DEPARTMENT

PURCHASE SPECIFICATION
FOR
TRANSFORMER, SINGLE PHASE PADMOUNTED DISTRIBUTION
25 kVA THROUGH 250 kVA
ISSUANCEIREVISION
DATE
PREPARED BY
07/06/99
Gary Noble
Issuance
07/19/2001
Peter G. Soosay,
Revision
APPROVAL
PROCESS SUPV. /MATERIALS SUPV.
P.E.
09/08/03
Steve Booher
Revision
02/18/04
Leonard Hough
Revision
04/26/05
Dennis Patrick
Revision
4/01/09
Arthur Gonzalez
Revision
07/22/10
Arthur Gonzalez
Revision
12/29/10
Arthur Gonzalez
Revision
^^..
AFFECTED PARAi'iRAPH3
REASON FOR REVISION
4.0
Required-No-pcb labeling
3.6.8, 102, 10.3
Revised tank labeling Instructions and test-report instructions

04/28/05: Restructured Data Requirements
10.4
04/26/05: Added Warranty Requirements
^...^.^..w,^.
04/26105: Corrected Fusing Table
Attachment li
^,.
7/22/10: Updated Cooper Fuses
.. .......
..^._.
_-.^
12/29/10: Updated No Load Losses for 250KVA XFMR
.. _, w._ ....
Attachment IV
04126/05: Updated Sticker Placement Requirement
04/26/05: Updated Sticker Requirements

_ _
4/01/09: Changed Loss Requirements
....w,.._.__u ^.._. _____.
.^^
Attachment V
_._^.^..
Attachment 1
Attachment li
_ _. .^. .^. ...._..^. ^.. __.^
Attachment 1
._.^._._
_
... _ n^
223

Page 2 of 14
Specification E-1581
This specification, until rescinded, shall apply to each future purchase and contract for the commodity described herein.
Retain for future reference.
224

Page 3 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 1 of 13

FOR
TRANSFORMER, SINGLE PHASE PADMOUNTED DISTRIBUTION
25 kVA THROUGH 250 kVA
1.0
SCOPE
1.1
Scope
The City of Austin Electric Utility Department, hereinafter referred to as Austin Energy (AE),
requires a qualified Vendor, to provide, single phase, 60 hertz, bio-based biodegradable fluid, padmounted compartmental type, dead front transformers, rated 25 kVA through 250 kVA at 65
degrees C temperature rise above ambient.
1.2
2.0
Classification
1.2.1
No deviations from these specifications on the part of the manufacturer shall be allowed.
Any item supplied under these specifications which is not in complete compliance with
these specifications will not be accepted and will be returned to the Manufacturer.
1.2.2
All manufacturers furnishing transformers under these specifications shall have at least ten
((0) years experience in the manufacture and sale of distribution transformers.
APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS
All characteristics, definitions and terminology, except that specifically covered in this specification shall
be in accordance with the latest revisions of the following standards;
2.1
IEEE C57.12.00
General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers

2.2
ANSI C57.12.25
Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Single-Phase Distribution Transformers with
Separable Insulated High-Voltage Connectors; High Voltage, 34,500 GrdY/19,920 Volts and
Below; Low Voltage, 240/120 Volts; 167 kVA and Smaller Requirements
2.3
IEEE C57.12.28
Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity; All characteristics, definitions and terminology,

except that specifically covered in this specification shall be in accordance with the latest
revisions of the following standards: ANSI C57.12.00, NEMA TR-1
2.4
IEEE C57.147
Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers
225

Page 4 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 2 of 13
3.0
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1
Voltage and kVA Ratings

The voltage ratings shall be in accordance with the following table:
Transformer
HV BIL (kV)
LOW VOLTAGE
LV BIL kV
95
240/120
30
Rating
12470GRDY/7200
3.2
Maximum Guaranteed Transformer Losses

The single phase distribution transformer maximum guaranteed losses (both No Load and Load
Loss) shall be in accordance with Attachment I. All units, exceeding the maximum guaranteed
losses will be rejected. There is no additional tolerance allowed on these values.
3.3
Temperature Rise Limits

All materials used shall be of the 65C (85 C Hot Spot) Class and be thoroughly tested for
compatibility with all transformer components. All transformers shall be type OA self-cooled.
3.4
Core and Coil

3.4.1 The transformer coils shall be designed to maintain their nameplate kVA rating throughout
the temperature range. The continuous kVA ratings shall be based on an average winding
temperature rise by resistance of 65C as per IEEE C57.12.00.
3.4.2 Oil ducts shall be strong enough to withstand full short circuit forces.
3.4.3 The windings shall be a mechanically rigid assembly to resist axial and radial short circuit
forces.
3.4.4 The primary coil shall be wound in such a manner, that when properly cured, will have an
effective bond both turn to turn and layer to layer.
3.4.5 The primary coil shall be wound with continuous conductor without splices, joints or welds
inside the windings.
3.4.6 High Voltage (HV) leads shall be trained and appropriately insulated to avoid dielectric
breakdown between adjacent cables. Spacers, permanently held in place shall be used to
prevent, a phase to ground short. The HV lead length shall be sufficient to allow for 3.0"
withdrawal of the bushing well from the initial front plate position prior to disconnecting.
3.4.7 The secondary coils shall be wound with a rectangular or strip conductor. Each secondary
coil shall be wound with a continuous conductor without splices, joints or welds inside the
windings.
3.4.8 Low Voltage (LV) bushing leads shall be cold or thermally welded, where joined to the
winding material.
226

Page 5 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 3 of 13
3.4.9 Aluminum low voltage leads shall be connected to their bushings, with hardened aluminum
connectors which have been cold or thermally welded to the leads.
3.4.10 The core and coil assembly shall be rigidly held together as a unit with a core clamp whose
design shall maintain reasonable pressure on the assembly throughout the life of the unit.
3.5
Bushings
3.5.1 The high voltage bushing wells shall have removable studs and shall he Central Maloney,
Part Number 70191972 or AE Engineer approved equal. Bushing wells shall be for a round
removable stud bushing. The bushing arrangement shall be Type I as shown in Figure I of
ANSI C57.12.25.
3.5.2 The low voltage section shall include three fully insulated secondary bushings for
connecting the secondary windings for series operation. The secondary terminals shall be
threaded copper studs, 5/8" x 11 for 25-75 kVA and t" x 14 for 100-250 kVA transformers.
The low voltage bushing arrangement shall be Type I as shown in Figure 1 of ANSI
C57.12.25.
3.5.3 All HV and LV bushings shall be constructed and attached to the tank in such a manner that
no loosening of the bushings shall result from normal installation practices.
3.6
Tank
3.6.1 A top hinged door shall be provided. The door hinges shall be stainless steel.
3.6.2 An insulating barrier shall be provided between the high voltage and low voltage cable
termination areas.
3.6.3 In addition to regular padlocking provisions, the door shall be secured by a recessed,
captive, pentahead bolt.
3.6.4 The high voltage compartment door shall have a 19/64" hole drilled in the upper left hand
corner 10" from the top and 10" from the left hand side. This hole shall have a field
removable plug so that the transformer will accommodate a fault indicator light. The plug
shall be designed so that if the plug is not removed the integrity of the enclosure still
complies with IEEE C57.12.28 requirements.
3.6.5 Enclosure Security
The enclosure security shall be as per IEEE C57.12.28.
3.6.6 A self-actuating pressure relief valve shall be located in the LV compartment, as per ANSI
C57.12.25. The venting and sealing characteristics shall be as follows:
Cracking pressure -
10 psig
Resealing pressure -
8 psig
Flow at 15 psig
50 SCFM (where SCFM is flow in standard cubic

feet per minute corrected for air pressure at ) 4.7 psia
and air temperature of 70F)
3.6.7 Tank grounding provisions shall be in accordance with ANSI C57.12.25.
227

Page 6 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 4 of 13
3.6.8 Transformers sized 100 kVA and smaller shall have dimensions which allow the
transformer to fit appropriately on a 50" x 50" concrete pad.
3.6,9 Transformers sized 167 kVA and larger shall have dimensions which allow the transformer
to fit appropriately on 60" x 60" concrete pad.
3.6.10 The Vendor shall place all labels required by AE Distribution Construction Standard # 100013, and shown in Attachments IV and V, on the cabinet doors of each transformer. This
includes the "HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN," "SIZE kVA," "ONE-CALL SYSTEM"
"CLEARANCE REQUIRED," and "NO PCBS" labels.
3.6.11 Paint Rouirement
The transformer shall be painted with rust resistant paint. The unit shall be painted Munsell
Number 7GY 3.29/1.5 pad-mount green. The paint coating system shall be in compliance
with IEEE C57.12.28. Coal Tar Epoxy coating or any tar based coating system, shall not be
accepted.
4.0
TRANSFORMER DIELECTRIC OIL

The dielectric fluid shall be bio-based biodegradable electric insulating and cooling liquid. The coolant
shall be a listed less-flammable fluid meeting the requirements of National Electric Code Section 450-23
and the National Electric Safety Code, Section 15. The fluid shall be Factory Mutual Approved and be
UL Classified.
The dielectric fluid supplied with all transformers shall be in accordance with IEEE C57.147. The
manufacturer shall provide batch test reports of the oil characteristics to the AE Standards Engineer.
The PCB content in the dielectric fluid shall be less than I ppm. The vendor shall provide written
certification to the City that all dielectric fluid contains less than I ppm. The PCB content shall be shown
on the nameplate of the transformer.
5.0
PROTECTION
5.1
High voltage protection shall be a Bay-O-Net type draw out fuse in a flapper valve holder. Fusing
shall be dual sensing, or an approved equal, in series with an internal partial range current limiting
fuse.
5.2
Bay-O-Net fuse shall be externally replaceable by simple hot stick withdrawal.
5.3
Transformers shall be provided with a removable drip shield to catch and hold oil lost during the
removal of the Bay-O-Net. The drip shield shall keep oil off the high voltage terminating elbows.
The shield shall have no sharp metallic comers and be designed for easy draining when desired.
5.4
Fusing shall be in accordance with Attachment 11.
228

Page 7 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 5 of 13
6.0
DATA REQUIREMENTS
The Vendor shall provide the AE Distribution Standards Engineer, upon receiving a new shipment of
transformers to Vendor's receiving site, including but not limited to the following information on each
transformer:
6.1
6.2
7.0
The following items shall be provided for each transformer on every shipment. Data that is
gathered from testing, shall be done so in accordance with IEEE C57.12.00, C57,12.80:
6.1.1
Serial Number
6.1.2
kVA Rating
6.1.3
Voltage Rating
6.1.4
Core (Iron) losses at rated load, corrected to 85C
6.1.5
Copper losses at rated load, corrected to 85C
6.1.6
Percentage (%) impedance
6.1.7
Exciting current at 100% rated voltage
6.1.8
Percentage (%) regulation at 80% power factor and rated load
6.1.9
Exciting current at 100% rated voltage
6.1.10
Gallons of biodegradable dielectric fluid used in the transformer
6.1.11
Percentage (%) efficiency DOE efficiency criteria
The following items shall be provided in a yearly report with every first shipment of every year:
6.2.1
Drawings
6.2.2
Total transformer weight, filled with oil and with arrester mounted
6.2.3
Winding Material
6.2.4
Core Material
6.2.5
Conductor temperature at rated load (Design Test)
6.2.6
Hot Spot temperature at rated load (Design Test)
6.2.7
Top Oil temperature at rated load (Design Test)
6.2.8
Thermal time constant (Design Test)
6.2.9
Short-Circuit Withstand Capability (Design Test)
6.2.10
Exciting current at 110% rated voltage (Design Test)
6.2.11
Radio Influence Voltage (RIV) at 110% rated voltage (Design Test)
NAMEPLATE
229

Page 8 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 6 of 13
A stainless steel or anodized aluminum instruction nameplate shall be located at a convenient spot on the
inside of the low voltage compartment and shall be readable with cables in place. The nameplate of the
transformer shall be in accordance with IEEE C57.12.00, Table 10 ( Nameplate A). The following
additional information shall also be provided on the nameplate:
8.0
7.1
Bar Code ( 8.0)
7.2
PCB content (No-PCB or Less than I PPM)
PERMANENT BAR CODE

The bar code shall be in accordance Attachment III and with the latest revision of the following
standards: ANSI X3.17, ANSI X3.182, ANSI X3.4, ANSI X3.49, and ANSI MH 10.8M
9.0
AUSTIN ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

Austin Energy or its designated representative reserves the right to inspect and test transformers and
materials in all stages of manufacturing and testing, at whatever location the manufacturing is performed
at no charge to Austin Energy.
10.0 OTHER REQUIREMENTS

10.1
The Vendor shall provide five (5) references of Manufacturer's current customers [address(es),
name(s), and telephone number(s)].
10.2 The Vendor shall provide the information in Section 6 (numerical values or pass/fail, as
applicable) to the AE Distribution Standards Engineer:
AE Distribution Standards Engineer
4411-B Meinardus Drive
Austin, TX 78704
The test reports shall clearly state Austin Energy's specification number (E-1581) the Vendor is
referencing and the type of transformer (Padmount).
10.3 Prior to delivery, the vendor shall provide Austin Energy certified factory test reports for all
transformers. These reports shall be sent to the AE Distribution Standards Engineer. Failure to
provide these reports may result in the rejection of the shipment.
10.4 If any defect in the equipment supplied, or failure to comply with this specification, shall appear
within the period of 18 months from date of final acceptance of the equipment, the Contractor
shall be not'tfied, and the Contractor shall thereupon correct without delay and at Contractor's own
expense the defect or failure of compliance by repairing the defective part or parts, by supplying a
non-defective replacement or replacements, and/ or by correcting a deficient design as required.
The Contractor shall further replace or repair all other similar equipment if such defect may
reasonable be expected to develop or occur in said similar equipment. Removal and installation
cost of the defective parts or equipment shall be at Contractors expense. In the event the
Contractor shall correct any defect(s) or failure of compliance by repair, replacement, or
correction as required above, then with respect to the equipment corrected, the aforesaid warranty
period shall begin from the date of completion of installation of such correction and acceptable
therefore, provided same is not unreasonably delayed by Austin Energy.
10.5
All transformers supplied to AE shall meet or exceed efficiency values in accordance with
Department of Energy 10 CFR 431 part III-Energy Conservation program for Commercial
Equipment: Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standards table I.1. Certified test data
230

Page 9 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 7 of 13
by serial number shall be provided with each transformer. Any transformer not complying with
Department of Energy efficiency ratings shall be rejected.
231

Page 10 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 8 of 13
ATTACHMENT I
MAXIMUM GUARANTEED TRANSFORMER LOSSES
_^......-m _ ance % ^ 85 C
__!_pod
Transforrner QSVA
No-Load Losses Watts
Watts
Load Losses ^..,.
25
71
228
2.3
50
105
404
2.3
75
167
456
2.5
100
181
683
2,5
167
248
1234
3.0
250
453
1555
3.0
232

Page 11 of 14
Specification E-1 581
Deoember 29, 2010
Page 9 of 13
ATTACHMENT II
TRANSFORMER FUSING
FOR
SINGLE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
Partial CA_ Fuse

Hitech
Cooper
HTDS232040
3543040M61
HTDS232080
3543080M71
HTDS332125
3543065M61'
Transformer (kVA)
Bay-O-Net Fuse
(Cooper)
Fuse
Amp Rating
25
50
75
4000358C05 ( Dual Sensing)

4000358C10 (Dual Sensing)
8
15
25
100
25
3543080M71'
HTDS332150
167
250

4038361C03C8 (High Amp Overload) ,
50
65
3543080M71"
3543080M71'
HTDS332150
HTDS332150
*Two fuses are required in parallel.
233

Page 12 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 11 of 13
ATTACHMENT III
BAR CODING AND MANUFACTURING CODES
FOR SINGLE-PHASE
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
1.0
ORIENTATION OF BAR CODE CHARACTERS

L
0.15L
QUIET
ZONE
MFG
SERIAL NUMBER
COD
QUIET
ZONE
Start/Stop Character
2.0
MANUFACTURER IDENTIFICATION CODES
The Manufacturer Identification Codes suggested below represent, in part, codes which are utilized for bar coding
distribution transformers. The above listing does not represent an inclusive list of distribution transformer
manufacturers.
AB
Asea Brown Boveri
CM
Central Maloney
CP
Cooper
GE
General Electric
FIT
Howard Industries
KU
Kuhlman
234

Page 13 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 12 of 13
ATTACHMENT IV
SIGNAGE FOR SINGLE-PHASE PAD-MOUNTED
TRANSFORMERS
(AE DISTRIBUTION CONSTRUCTION STANDARD #1000-13)
ieawsa
ShodI ort
I161
^...._..^.
1000-13
GENERAL INFORMATION
SIGNAGE
SIGNAGE-PAD MOUNT IPH
_^..r..,^.,
_..., ..
StIGNAGE-PAD MOUNT 1PH
THREE IN ONE
WARNING 31C[Y
L
OCATED IN THE TOP
CENTER OF THE FACE
OF THE LID/DOOR OP
THE TRAN BFORMER.
MUST BE VISIBLE.
_.,. ._._
pû.parooS 13MY6mm
_ ^ ^w.....^^..._._-___...__._ ,_.-.
CUKCuyeNnNInFIt AND
[UC ATYa) ONTISE'Pr:î
RIGHT-HAND CORNER OF
THE FACE OF THE LID/DOOR,
FAULT INDICATOR --"Fl" LOCATED AT TOP LEFT

CORNER ON FACE OF
TRANSFORMER, NEXT TO THE
NDICATOR LIGHT.
NORMALY OPEN ----- "NO" LOCATED AT TOP

RIGHT CORNER ON FACE
OF TRANSFORMER, LEFT
OF THE TRANSFORMER ^
NUMBER AND CURCUIT
NUMBER. ONLY USED
WHEN TRANSFORMf R
FAULT INDICATOR
LIGHT
LS SET TO NORMALLY
OPEN.
J
CITY ID
NUM_ BER
-LOCATED IN THE
TOP LEFT-HAND
CORNER OF THE
PACE OF THE
LIDlDOOR.
SIZE KVA --- ' y

LOCATED
DIRECTLY
UNDER
THE CITY ID
NUMBER
MUST BE
VISIBLE.
NOPCB8
LOCATED IN
THE BOTTOM
CENTER OF
THE FA CE OF
THE LID/DOOR.
w"
A^
1 PHASE PAD MOUNTED

TRANSFORMER LID/DOOR SIDE
235

Page 14 of 14
December 29, 2010
Page 13 of 13
ATTACHMENT V
TYPICAL EXTERNAL SIGNAGE MATERIAL
REQUIREMENTS OF SINGLE-PHASE PAD-MOUNTED
TRANSFORMERS
"NO PCBS" decal: 6 inch X 6 inch, blue. Base Film: 0.0035-inch cast polyvinyl chloride, with UV
inhibitors as per MIL-M-22106A. Cyasorb UV-9 light absorber C14H1203. Gloss 80 UL 94 rated. Over
lamination: 002PVF (polyvinylflouride) tedlar UV screening film from E.I. Dupont. Cold-seal bonded.
Adhesive: 0.002-inch permanent acrylic hi-tack, with high-temperature-resistant Elasticisors for adhesion
at 40 deg. F. PSTC test method: #I modified for a 15 minute dwell time, with 2 mils of adhesive, 56
oz/inch width rating. Ink: Silkscreen type 4, with automotive grade pigments and binders, 0.0004-inch
thick _Q.0001, inch high pigment volume concentration total PVC 40-50 (copper phthalocyanines). Liner:
0.0007-inch 0.001-inch Kraft, coated one side chemical resistant, Salt spray 240 hours 5%, at 100
degrees, with no blistering, color change, or other material degradation. No effect when immersed in diesel
fuel, motor oil, anti-freeze, detergent 2 %, ammonium hydroxide (12% and 39%), kerosene, acetic acid,
acetone and water. Service temperature range: -40 to + 170 deg. F. Minimum lifetime exterior durability of
15 years from installation date with proper surface preparation.
Approved Manufacture or equal: Mitrographers, catalog number COA-001
"SIZE kYA" decal: width as required, 2 7/8 inches tall, Engineer Grade, adhesive reflective vinyl.
Yellow numbers, black background.
} in 1" decal: Dimensions will be approximately 10" wide X 10.5" tall. Sign shall be worded as
followes: WARNING To Report Problems Call (512) 322-9100 HIGH VOLTAGE Hazardous voltage
inside. Can shock, bum or cause death. Keep out if open or unlocked, immediately call electric power and
light company. ADVERTENCIA Para Reportar Problemas Llame a!: (512) 322-9100 ALTA TENSION
Contiene voltaje peligroso. Puede producir descarga o sacudida el6ctrica, quemaduras o ausar muerte.
Prohibida la entrada. si estA abierto o sin Ilave, inmediatamente llame a la central eldctrica. WARNING To
Report Problems Call: (512) 322-9100 Keep shrubs and structures at least 10 feet away from this side of
equipment for safe utility maintenance and operation. ADVERTENCIA Para Reportar Problemas Llame
al: (5I2) 322-9100 Mantenga arbustos y construccibn por lo menos a 10 pies de distancia de este lado del
equipo para seguridad en el mantenimiento y operaci6n. ONE CALL SYSTEM of TEXAS 1-800-5456005 CALL BEFORE YOU DIG ITS THE LAW UNA LLAMADA SISTEMA de TEXAS 1-800-5456005 LLAME ANTES DE EXCAVAR ES LA LEY.
Base film: .0035 cast polyvinytchloride with uv inhibitors mil-m-22106a. (cyasorb uv-9 light absorber
c14h1203). Gloss 80 u194 rated. Overlamination: .002pvf (polyvinylflouride). Tedlar uv screening film
from e.i, dupont. Cold seal bonded. Adhesive .002 permanent acrylic hi-tack with high temperature
resistant elasticisors for adhesion at 40 degrees f. Pstc test method: #1 modified for a 15 min dwell time
with 2 mils of adhesive 56 oz/inch width rating. Ink: silkscreen type 4 with automotive grade pigments and
binders .0004" thick dry +/- .0001 " high pigment volume concentration total pvc 40-50 (copper
phthalocyanines). Liner: .0007" +/- .00 i" kraft coated one side. Chemical resistance: salt spray 240 hours
5% at 100 degrees f if no blistering, color change, or other material degradation. No effect when immersed
in diesel fuel, motor oil, anti-freeze, detergent 2%, ammonium hydroxide (12% and 39%), kerosene, acetic
acid, acetone and water. Service temperature range: -40 to + 170 degrees f. Labels shall have a two year
shelf life and a minimum lifetime exterior durability of 15 years from installation date with proper surface
preparation. All stick on signs will have a written guarentee of no fading or pealing for 15 years or they will
be replaced in the field free of charge.
Approved Manufacturer or equal: Electromark, part number AUS028-W-PT-BC4 Rev. 1.
236
Specification E-649

FOR
THREE-PHASE PAD-MOUNTED DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
75-2500 KVA
..
DATE
PREPARED BY
6/25/81
...
2/25/86
2/1/90
3/27/91
5/29/92
3/29/94
4/20/95
2/20/96
3/18/97
i 1/7/97
2/25/98
4/8/98
8/31/98
8/13/01
01/30/04
02/26/04
04/26/06
04/05/06
02/1_0/09
Richard Dreiss
Robin Kittel
Ton Sheiki
_George
Martinez .
._.^.........._.
Steve
13ooher
_^..
Peter SoosaL_
Peter Soosay-_
Steve Booher
13i11 GermaTy__
Peter G. Sa^sa
Peter G. Soosa ,
Peter G. Soosa ,
Peter G. Soosa
Cart A. Nance
Steven Booher
Steven Booher
Ted Sehoenber
Steve I3ooher
Steve liooher
APPROVAL
ISSUANCE/REVISION
Rcvision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
Revision
.,^..,.._._ ^.....^^.M
REASON FOR REVISION
Update for New Request For Bids
......_..^
PROCESS SUPV. I MATERIALS SUPV.

^^
..^..M...^..^..... Richard Dreiss
Richard Dreiss
Richard Dreiss
Richard Dreiss
Richard preiss
^ _..____...^,^...._._......_^.^
Gary Williams/Peter Soosay
_ ....
Richard Dreiss/Peter Soosay
Richard T}reiss/Peter Soosa
Carl L neh/Pcter k^rn^
Peter Soosay
.
_..,... ,
__
an MonroeJHerman Miitican
Matt Monroe/Herman Millican
Peter Soosa
Carl A. Nance
Leonard Nnagh
__
M
Leonard Ilough
Ted Schoe:lber
^
Ted Schoenberg
............^..
^ Troxell
AFFECTED PARAGRAPHS
_.
All
04/27105: Added Fusing For Radial Feed Transformers.
10.0
04/27/05: Added Warranty Requirements.

_.......
25.0
02/10/09: Add requirement low voltage terminals
3.2
_ ._ ... _^
^ ^._^.,._ ^ _
Attachment IV, IVa
04/27/05: Changed Sticker Requirements
_.^ ._ ..... . . _. .^. ^.^ _
. ^ ^. w...^...,.^_..._._ . _
..^..
All
04/05/06: Format Revision & updated Fusing & Switch _.._...^....... _. . _......,...__,.m^.^._..
..^.^ ^
_^....^. _
^
All
08/05/08: Update for new request for Bids
This speciflcation, until rescinded, shall apply to each future purchase and contract for the commodity described herein.
Retain for future reference.

Page 1 of 19237
Specification E-849
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 1 of 18

FOR
THREE-PHASE PAD-MOUNTED DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
75-2500 KVA
1.0 SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION

1.1 Scope
This specification describes the minimum acceptable requirements for 3-phase, pad-mounted, 60Hertz, 0-YGrd. connected, mineral-oil-immersed, self-cooled, compartmental type distribution
transformers, rated 75 kVA through 2500 kVA.
The transformers supplied under this specification are intended for use on concrete slabs and shall
be designed for serving underground distribution electrical facilities.
The City of Austin Electric Utility Department is hereinafter referred to as Austin Energy (AE).
1.2 Classification
Any item supplied under these specifications, but not in complete compliance with these
specifications, shall be subject to rejection.
All manufacturers furnishing transformers under these specifications shall have at least five years
experience in the manufacture and sale of 3-phase- pad-mounted distribution transformers.
2.0 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS

Transformers supplied in accordance with this specification shall comply with applicable provisions
of the latest NEMA, IEEE, ANSI, ASTM, NESC, and NEC standards relating to distribution
transformers. In case of conflict between any of the standards mentioned in this specification and the
contents of this document, the AE specification shall govern.
All characteristics, definitions and terminology, except that specifically covered in this specification
shall be in accordance with the latest revisions of the following standards:
2.1 C57.12.00
General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers
2.2 C57.12.26
Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution Transformers with
Separable Insulated High-Voltage Connectors; High Voltage, (34,500 GrdY/19,920 Volts and
Below and 2500 kVA and Smaller Requirements).
2.3 C57.12.28
Switchgear and Transformers - Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity
Page 2 of 19 238
Specification E-649
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 2of18
2.4 C57.12.34
IEEE Standard Requirements for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase
Distribution Transformers (2500 kVA and Smaller) - High Voltage: 34500GrdY/19920 Volts and
Below; Low-Voltage: 480 Volt 2500 kVA and Smaller.
2.5 C57.12.70
Terminal Markings and Connections for Distribution Power Transformers
2.6 C57.12.80
Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers
2.7 C57.12.90
Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers and
Transformers.
Power
Testing
Distribution
and
of
for
Short-Circuit
Guide
2.8 C57.91
Guide For Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Overhead and Pad-Mounted Distribution Transformers
kVA and Less with 65C or 55C Average Winding Rise
Rated
500
2.9 NEMA TR-1
Transformers, Regulators and Reactors

2.10 C.57.147
Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers
3.0 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 FUSING
75 kVA through 500 kV.Atrartsformers shall be equipped with Cooper Power System flapper
sidewall-mount bayonet draw-out fuse holder assembly #4000361C99FV or buyer approved
equivalent with dual sensing expulsion fuse or solid link in series with a partial-range, ester fluid
immersed, current-limiting fuse as listed below.
750 kVA through 2500 kVA transformers shall be equipped with a Cooper Power Systems silverplated bayonet draw-out fuse holder assembly #4038804B03M or buyer approved equivalent with
high amp overload expulsion fuse or solid link in series with a partial-range, ester fluid immersed,
current- limiting fuse as listed below.

Page 3 of 19
39
Specification E-649
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 3 of 18
Loop-Feed
KVA Cooper Fuse Link #
4000358C05
75
150
4000358C08
225
4000358CI0
4000358C10
300
4000358C12
500
4038361C03CB
750
4038361C04CB
1000
4038361C04CB
1500
4038361C05CB
2000
4038361C05CB
2500
Both
Cooper ELSP #
3544030M61 M
3544065M61M
3544100M7IM
3544100M71 M
3544150M71 M
3544125M71 M
3544125M71M*
3544125M71 M*
3544125M71M*
3544125M71 M*
Radial Feed
Cooper Solid Link #
403861C10CB
403861C10CB
403861CIOCB
403861CIOCB
403861CIOCB
403861C10CB
403861C10CB
403861CIOCB
403861CIOCB
403861C10CB
* Indicates parallel fuse application - use two (2) fuses

Bay-o-net type fuses shall be designed so that the fuses can be removed by using a hot stick. A
metal oil-drip shield shall be furnished directly beneath the bay-o-net fuse. Lead connections to the
partial-range current-limiting fuse shall be made using bolts, to assure solid electrical and
mechanical connections.
3.2 BUSHINGS AND TERMINALS

The primary bushings and Parking stands for radial-feed and loop-feed dead-front transformers shall
be arranged as per the following:
Itadial-feed iiead-front transformers shall be constructed according to IEEE C57.12.26,
Figures 5A and 7. The transformer shall be provided with three high-voltage bushing wells
(IEEE 386), externally clamped, and three parking stands. The high-voltage leads shall be of
such length as to permit field replacement of bushing wells.
Loop-feed dead-front transformers shall be constructed according to IEEE C57.12.26 Figures
6A and 7. The transformer shall be provided with six high voltage bushing wells (IEEE 386),
externally clamped, and eight parking stands to permit operating the transformer in a looped
primary system. The high-voltage leads shall be of such length as to permit field replacement
of bushing wells.
All bushing wells shall have a removal stud for field replacement.
Low-voltage line and neutral terminals shall be in accordance with IEEE C57.12.26 Figure 7 and
8(a).
All secondary terminals shall be tin-plated copper and shall be in compliance with IEEE C57.12.26,
Figures 9(a), 9(b), or 9(c), except that the number of holes in the terminals shall be as follows:
IWsfsrmer
300 kVA and below
500-1000 kVA
1500 kVA and above
Sltacie_J:^
6-hole
8-hole
10-trolu
Ten-hole and larger spades shall be furnished with additional insulated support, at the end farthest
from the tank wall, without interfering with the use of any of the ten holes (Attachment III).
The low-voltage neutral bushing shall be an insulated bushing with a removable external ground
connection. The ground strap shall be adequate to carry the fault current based on the rating of the
transformer.
Page 4 of 19
40
Specification E-649
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 4 of 18
3.3 INTERNAL BUSHING LEADS

High-voltage bushing leads shall be trained and appropriately insulated to avoid dielectric
breakdown between adjacent cables. Spacers, permanently held in place, should be used to prevent
cables from failing phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground.
Low-voltage bushing leads shall create good electrical and strong mechanical connections.
3.4 HIGH-VOLTAGE TAPS
All transformers shall be provided with high-voltage taps as shown below:
Low-Voltage Ratin g
208Y/120 V
208Y/120 V
480Y/277 V
KVA
75-500
750
All
Nutnber o f,ra,ps
4
2
2
Size of Taps above

and/or below Rated Voltage
2'/2% below
2'/^% above & below
2'/z% above & below
The tap-changer handle shall be mounted for external operation and located in the high-voltage
compartment.
3.5 SWITCHING
LQp-feed transformers: A 3-phase, gang-operated, four-position, under ester fluid loadbreak
switch shall be supplied on all loop-feed transformers. The switch shall have a minimum loadbreak
rating of 200 amps and a 3-shot make-and-latch rating of 10,000 amps, symmetrical. The
connections to be made in each switching position are as follows:
SOURCE "B" TRANSFORMER COIL
SOURCE "A"
POSITION
ON
ON
OFF
1-12 o'clock
OFF
ON
ON
2- 3 o'clock
ON
ON
ON
3- 6 o'clock
ON
OFF
ON
4- 9 o'clock
The switch positions shall be clearly marked as to whether the source or coil is on or off, The
switch handle shall be located in the high-voltage compartment. The switch shall be operable with
a hookstick. The switch shall be a T-Blade Switch, Cooper Part # LS4BH3T12B or buyer approved
equivalent.
Radial-feed transformers: A 3-phase, hookstick-operable, gang-operated, two-position, under-oil
loadbreak switch shall be supplied on all radial-feed transformers. The switch shall have a
minimum load break rating of 200 amps and a make-and-latch rating of 10,000 amps rms,
symmetrical, 15-cycle. The switch shall have an open/close indication plate. This switch shall be
located in the high-voltage compartment. The switch shall be Cooper Part # LS2B515H3S2B or
buyer approved equivalent.
3.6 ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
The following equipment and devices shall be provided on the size transformers indicated:
3.6.1.
All transformers shall have an oil-drain valve, with sampling device, located in the highvoltage compartment. The valve shall be a gate valve, not less than '/2".
3.6.2.
All transformers sized 300 kVA or larger shall have a liquid-level gauge in the highvoltage compartment. Units less than 300 kVA do not require a liquid-level gauge.
Page 5 of 19 241
Specification E-649
Feb.10,2009
Page 5 of 18
3.6.3.
All transformers sized 300 kVA or larger shall have a temperature indicator in the highvoltage compartment. Units less than 300 WA do not require a temperature indicator.
3.6.4.
All transformers shall have a pressure-relief device located on the low-voltage side of the
terminal compartment. The device shall be capable of automatically venting 35 scfm at 15
psig, as per IEEE C57.12.26.
3.6.5.
TERMINAL MARKING AND ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT

Terminal designations shall be as per IEEE C57.12.70. Terminals shall be clearly marked
with oil-resistant yellow paint.
The identification of terminal connections shall be shown on the nameplate.
The angular displacement between the high- and low-voltage terminals shall be as per
Figure 10, IEEE C57.12.26.
3.6.6.
NAMEPLATE
As described in IEEE C57.12.00, the contractor shall affix a durable metal nameplate to
each transformer. The nameplate shall be located in the low-voltage compartment and shall
be readable with the cables in place.
The nameplate shall be made from anodized aluminum or non-rust stainless steel. The
information contained on the nameplates shall be inscribed and painted black.
The nameplate shall conform to IEEE C57.12.00: Nameplate B for 500 kVA and below
and Nameplate C for 750 kVA and above. All information shall be in English and ftpound-seconds (fps) non-metric units of measure.
The nameplate shall indicate the current-limiting fuse on a circuit diagram.

The nameplate shall contain a permanent bar code that meets the following requirements:
Information: The bar code shall display the Manufacturer Identification Code (see
Attachment 1) and manufacturer's serial number.
Durability: The bar code shall last the lifetime of the transformer, as specified by IEEE
C57.12.00, regarding the nameplate. The bar code shall be constructed such that, when
using a contact-type bar code reader, the bar code shall be capable of a minimum of
thirty successful scans.
Dimensions: The height of the bar code shall be either 0.24 inches or 15% of the barcode length (L); whichever is greater (see Attachment Il).
Character Size, The bar code print quality shall be in accordance with ANSI X3.182.
The permanent bar code shall be of medium density, ranging from 4 to 6.9 characters
per inch.
Bar Code Symboloev: The bar code symbology shall be Code 39, also referred to as
3-of-9 bar code, using the 43-character ASCII set, in accordance with ANSI X3.4.
Orientation of the Bar CoCharacters:_The bar code characters shall be arranged in
one line. A start character shall precede the manufacturer's code and a stop character
shall follow the transformer serial number (see Attachment 11).
Page 6 of 19
242
Spedflcation E-649
Feb. 10, 2009
Page6of18
Quiet Zones: A minimum quite zone of 0.25" shall immediately precede and follow
the bar codes.
A human-readable interpretation line shall be
Hum^n t^^^^t+ê int^rtaretatian
with ANSI IviH10.8M. The
provided directly beneath the bar code, in accordance
interpretation of the 3-of-9 bar code shall be clearly identifiable with the bar-code
symbol above. The preferred shapes of the human-readable interpretation shall
alternative, any human-readable
conform to either ANSI X3.17 or ANSI X3.49. As an
in
height
is
acceptable.
3/32"
font with characters no less than
4.0 PERFORMANCE
4.1 INSULATION LEVEL
4.1.1. The high-voltage insulation shall be as follows:
Rated High Voltarre (Voltsl
12470 A
BIL (kV)
95
Insulation Class (kYl

15
4.1.2. The low-voltage insulation level shall be as follows:

Low Voltage Kati a (Volts)
208Y/120
480Y/277
BI M I ula ivn Class (14^

1.2
30
1.2
30
4.2 TEMPERATURE RISE LIMITS

section
The Temperature rise and loading conditions shall be in accordance with IEEE C57.12.00
5.11.
4.3 IMPEDANCE
The impedance voltage is the voltage required to circulate rated current through one of two
specified windings of a transformer when the other winding is short-circuited, with the windings
connected as for rated-voltage operation (IEEE C57.12.80).
In accordance with IEEE C57.12.00, section 9.2, the allowable impedance-voltage tolerance for
any individual transformer shall be as follows:
KVA Ratin
75 - 500
750 - 2500
Impedance Voltage
2.00% f 10.0% (1.8% to 2.2%)
5.75% 7.5% (5.3% to 6.2%)
There is no additional tolerance

Any unit that is outside of the tolerance shown will be rejected.
allowed on these values.
PUC Docket No 40627

Page 7 of 1 9243
Specification E-849
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 7 of 18
5.0 MATERIAL
5.1 Core and Coil Construction
throughout the
The transformer coils shall be designed to maintain the nameplate kVA rating
Class and shall be
65C
($5C
Hot
Spot)
temperature range. All materials used shall be of the
thoroughly tested for compatibility with all transformer components before use in s^l ^^ Sr' ^âr
thermally upgraded, one hundred percent conduction, particle tested kraft pape r
secondary layer insulation. Provisions shall be made for securing the sheet windings and the
primary windings in position during construction and for short-circuit conditions. Insulating paper
shall be thermally cured under pressure, epoxy coated, diamond pattern type.
The core shall be manufactured with burr-free, grain-oriented silicon steel.
5.2 Core-Coil Assembly

The core and coil, after assembly, shall be mounted in a rigid steel frame, constructed in such a way
as to hold the coil in a rigid position within the core window without placing undue stress on the
core or short circuiting the laminations at any point.
5.3 Tank
The transformer tank shall have high- and low-voltage cable terminating compartments. The
transformer tank and compartment shall be of sufficient construction to conform to IEEE
C57.12.28.
sufficient strength to withstand a internal pressure of 7 psig without permanent
The tank shall be of
distortion and 12 psig without permanent rupturing or displacing other components of the
transformer or affecting cabinet security.
taking oil samples, and pressure testing. This
A one-inch pipe plug shall be provided, for filling,
plug shall be located in the lower left hand corner of the high voltage compartment.
type, as per IEEE C57.12.26.
The tank cover may be either the bolted-on or welded-on
welded-on cover shall have handhole(s) as per IEEE C57.12.26.
The
Tank grounding shall be as per IEEE C57.12.26.

All exterior nuts and bolts shall be of a corrosion-resistant material.
The transformer shall be of sealed-tank construction, which seals the interior of the tank from the
atmosphere and which insures constant gas volume and oil volume. The transformer shall remain
effectively sealed for a top-oil temperature range of -5C to 105C.
All required gaskets shall be made of high temperature Viton.
The Vendor shall place all labels required by AE Distribution Construction Standard #1000-14, and
shown in Attachments IV and Na, on the cabinet doors of each transformer. This includes the "3 in
1- Danger High Voltage, One Call, Clearance Required," "kVA Size," and NO PCBS" labels.

Page 8 of 19
44
Specification E-649
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 8 of 18
5.4 Dielectric Fluid

liquid. The
The dielectric fluid shall be bio-based biodegradable electrical insulating and cooling
of National Electrical Code
shall
be
a
listed
less-flammable
fluid
meeting
the
requirements
Coolant
shall be Factory Mutual
Section 450-23 and National Electric Safety Code, section 15. The fluid
Approved and be UL Classified.
with IEEE C57.147. The
The Dielectric Fluid supplied with all transformers shall be in accordance
AE
manufacturer shall provide batch test reports of the dielectric fluid characteristics to
Distribution Standards.
The PCB content in the dielectric fluid shall be less than I ppm. The vendor shall provide written
certification to the City that all dielectric fluid contains less than l ppm. The PCB content shall be
shown on the nameplate of the transformer. A decal shall be placed on the transformer in
accordance with Attachments N and Na. The decal shall be colored blue with white lettering.
The decal shall be 6" tall by 6" wide and shall have the precise wording, in capital letters, "NO
PCBS".
5.5 Doors
Only conventional vertical-hinged, two-door design is acceptable. Door shall have a recessed,
captive penta-head bolt that secures all access to doors. Hinges shall be stainless steel. All other
designs, including clam-shell and flip-top door designs, are not acceptable.
The high voltage compartment door shall have a 19f64" hole drilled in the upper left hand comer
10" from the top and 10" from the left hand side. This hole shall have a field removable plug so that
the transformer will accommodate a fault indicator light. The plug shall be designed so tltat if the
plug is not removed the integrity of the enclosure still complies with IEEE C57.12.26 and
C57.12.28 requirements. (Attachment N b)
5.6 Primer and Paint
All primer and paint shall be lead-free. The enclosure security and coating system shall be as per
IEEE C57.12.28, as a minimum requirement. In addition to this IEEE standard, the unit shall be
painted Munsell Green, with a minimum thickness of 5 mils.
5.7 HIGH-VOLTAGE AND LOW-VOLTAGE COMPARTMENTS

Doors on the high-voltage and low-voltage compartments shall be of sufficient size to provide
adequate working space when opened.
With the low-voltage compartment door opened or removed, adequate safeguards shall isolate the
high-voltage compartment. The high-voltage compartment shall be accessible only by releasing a
pentahead bolt to allow the compartment door to be opened, or by some other equally secure
method. If an insulating material is used for the barrier, it shall be supported or braced on all sides
with metal strips.
The compartments shall have the following minimum dimensions:

KVA
V '9mgmnt
I^,
75 - 2500
40.0" wide x 26.0" deep
LV Compartment
30.0' wide x 26.0" deep
The opening on the bottom of all transformers shall have the following minimum dimensions:
KVA
HV CompArtanent
75 - 2500
38.5" wide x 23.0" deep
LV Corn ^rtment
28.5" wide x 23.0" deep

Page 9 of 19 245
Specification E-849
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 9 of 18
5.8 HANDLING AND MOUNTING FACILITIES

for rolling in two directions, parallel to and at right angles to
The transformer base shall be arranged
bushings.
the centerline of the high-voltage
The lifting provision shall be in accordance with IEEE C57.12.26.
anchoring the unit on
The base of the assembly shall be provided with a suitable flange to permit
the pad from within the cable-terminating compartments.
6.0 ROUTINE AND DESIGN TESTS

6.1 Routine Tests
The contractor shall perform the routine tests, on all transfonners, that are specified in Section 8 of
IEEE C57.12.00. All testing shall be performed as per IEEE C57.12.90.
6.2 Design and Other Tests
The contractor is to perform the following design and other tests on all transformers, as per Section
8, Table 21 of IEEE C57.12.00s Lightning impulse (BIL), No-Load Loss, Load Loss, Excitation
Current, and Impedance Voltage. All testing shall be performed as per IEEE C57.12.90.
All transformers supplied to AE shall meet or exceed the efficiency values in accordance with
Department of Energy 10 CFR 431 part III - Energy Conservation program for Commercial
Equipment: Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standards table I.1. Certified test
data by serial number shall be provided with each transformer.
Contractor shall provide at time of bid certification that all transformer components are compatible
with Dielectric Fluid provided.
AE may require the contractor to perform additional design and other tests on an as-needed basis. If
so, AE will list the tests as a separate line item in the bid. All such testing shall be performed as per
IEEE C57.12.90.
6.3 REQUIRED INFORMATION

For each item, the Bidder shall supply the following information on the bid sheet:
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
losses which are incident

Guaranteed No-Load Losses, in watts, corrected to 20C: Those
excited
They
are
transformer.
of
the
^p^s N N
to the excitation
load
losses
are
to
be
measured
orated voltage and frequency, but not supplyi ng
as per IEEE C57.12.90.
to 85C: Those losses which are incident to
Guaranteed Load Losses, in watts, corrected
are
the
losses of the transformer excited at rated
the carrying of a specified load. They
losses
are
to be measured as per IEEE C57.12.90.
voltage, frequency, and current. Load
6.3.3.
Guaranteed Total Losses, in watts: The sum of the No-Load and Load Losses.
6.3.4.
Bid Amount, per individual transformer.

Page 10 of 1 9246
Specification E-849
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 10 of 18
6.3.5. Adder for No-Load Losses, per individual transformer: This amount is equal to
(Guaranteed No-Load Losses, in watts) x ($5.239 per watt).
6.3.6.
Adder for Load Losses, per individual transformer: This amount is equal to (Guaranteed
Load Losses, in watts) x($3.123 per watt).
6.3.7.
of the Bid
Total Owning Cost per Individual Transformer: This amount is equal to the sum
the
Adder
for
Load
Losses.
Amount, the Adder for No-Load Losses, and
6.3.8.
Total Owning Cost for the Estimated Annual Usage: This amount is equal to (Total
Owning Cost per Individual Transformer) x (Estimated Annual Usage).
6.4 ACCEPTANCE OF TRANSFORMER DELIVERY AND LOSSES EVALUATION

6.4.1.
Manufacturer's Test Report

Prior to the delivery of a transformer, the vendor shall provide a manufacturer's test report
to the AE Distribution Standards Engineer. The test report shall contain the information as
Standards.
shown in Attachment V. The test report shall be emailed to the AE Distribution
The vendor shall also ship a paper copy of the test report with each transformer delivery.
AE will review each manufacturer's test report and will either reject any transformer that
does not meet the requirements of this specification or pay a reduced price for the
transformer, as calculated by the method in section 6.4.3 of this specification.
6.4.2.
Incoming Inspection by AE
and adjust, if necessary, the
AE may test transformers at the point of delivery to verify
use
the
verified
or adjusted data to assure
AE
will
manufacturer's test-report data.
compliance with this specification and to perform the transformer loss evaluation.
6.4.3.
Transformer Loss Evaluation

In accordance with IEEE C57.12.00, section 9.3, actual losses on each individual
transformer shall not exceed the vendor's guaranteed losses by more than the following
percentages:
a) No-Load Losses............ 10%

b) Total Losses ....................6%
Any individual transformer having actual losses that exceed these limits will be subject to
the following:
a) An immediate fee of $350.00
b) Possible return of the transformer to the vendor, at the discretion of AE
Should AE elect to keep the transformer, a losses fee will be assessed on the individual
transformer to offset the increased total owning cost of the high-loss transformer. The fee
will be calculated according to the following formula:
Losses Fee =($5.239/WxMeasured No-Load Losses - Guaranteed No Load Losses)
+($3,123/WxMeasured Load Losses - Guaranteed Load Losses)
Page 11 of 19
247
Specification E-849
Feb-10,2009
page 11 of I$
6.4.4.
Impedance Voltage Evaluation
Any individual transformer having a voltage impedance that does not fall within the
by AE and
acceptable range given in section 4.3 of this specification will not be accepted
will be returned to the vendor at the vendor's expense.
6.4.5
Any transformers not complying with Department of Energy efficiency ratings shall be
rejected in accordance with section 6.2 of this specification.

Page 12 of 19
248
Specification E-649
Feb. 10, 2009
Page 12 of 18
ATTACHMENT I
MANUFACTURER IDENTIFICATION CODES
AB
CM
CP
GE
HI
Asea Brown Boveri

Central Moloney
Cooper
General Electric
Howard Industries
KU
Kuhlman
The Manufacturer Identification Codes suggested above represent, in part, codes that are utilized for bar coding
distribution transformers. The above listing does not represent a complete list of distribution trattsformer
manufacturers.

Page 13 of 19 249

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PLC Docket No.

Auslame/'Oemand load and Revemre EYakiaHaw

Table 3.13 Commerdai Building/ Occupancy Type-Demand Per Square Foot

Large Office (>30K ft)

Depository Institutions, Insurance

Small Office (<30K ft2)

Restaurant - Fast Food

Eating and drinking places

Restaurant - Sit Down

Building materials and garden supplies,

5 ^^ Large Retail (>30K ftT) -

Large Food Stores (>30K

Grocery, dairy products, fruit and

Small Food Stores (<30K

Same as above, Le., ^7-11," "Circle K"

and meat products, fresh fruits and

Non refrigerated wttti AC

Local trucking with storage, public

Non refrlgerated, Non-AC

Elementary and Secondary

Elementary and secondary schools, day

Colleges and Universities

Collages and unIversltIe4 vocational

Commercial Electrical Demand Estimation

Customer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluations

PUC Docket No. 40627

Qfstanei Demand toad and R"w FvalteMa+s

^...., ^ ^.,..^ ,^ .. . ._._..... ,

Auto Repair Shops

Auto body, glass, exhaust, paint, tire,

U.S. Postal Service

Wood and metal household and office

Containers, boxes, can, drums, bags,

Newspapers, periodicals, books, greeting

Plastic films and sheets, laminated, profile

Wanz/n'- 0.001 kW/ft= (8acaopic: to Watis/il' - 0.010 kW/ft)

Commercial Electrical Demand Estimation

Cusbomer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluations

PUC Docket No. 40627

L2atcwu.W DBlnand Loedmnd Rev~ Evaluations

Demand Factors for Industrial Loads

Demand FacMrs for IndUst`ria/ Loads

Commercial Eiectricel Demand Estimation

Customer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluatlons

PUC Docket No. 40627

LLsYcvrkr Oemand lasd and ReVpnue &a/uetlans

Table 3.14 Demand Factor for Various Industrial Loads

Major Appliances, use DF-A

Demand depends on use. If used intermittently, I.e,, gas

_.._____^_.^ ......... ......

.__.. ....... ,......__.__^......_.^.,..m^.

.._. . __,_._... _.... .__.__..._..._...,._..

Demand Esfimatlon forInduslMial Loads

Demand Factors for Commercial Loads

Commercial Electrical Demand Estimation

Customer Demand Load and Revenue Evaluations

PUC Docket No. 40627

CLstamer Demrnd toad and Revenue EYalunHats

Table 3.15 Demand Factors for Various Commerda! Loads

... ....... ,.......__^......_.^.,..m^.

.._. . __,_._... _.... ....._..._...,._..