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IS 9 (1982): Method for Determination of Dimensional

Changes of Woven Fabrics on Washing Near the Boiling Point
[TXD 5: Chemical Methods of Test]

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(Reaffirmed 2003)

1S :9-1982

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR
DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONAL CHANGES
OF WOVEN FABRICS ON WASHING NEAR
THE BOILING POINT

( Second Revision)
Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TIN

Representing

Chairman
IIR ( KUIUARI ) M. D. BHAVSAR

Silk & Art

The

Research Association,

Silk Mills

Bombay

Members
Tata Mills Limited, Bombay
National Peroxide Limited, Bombay

Smu JAM9HED I). ADRIANVALA

D~ V. G. AGNSIiOTRI
SERI A. K. BANDOPAnHYAY
KUMARI

The

Ministry
L. C. PATEL ( Alterrtatg 1

SHRI P. T. BANERJI

of Defence

( DG1

State Hosiery & Knitwear

Development
Corporation Limited, Chandigarh
Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals ( hspection Wing ), New Delhi
knjab

SERI P. K. BASW
SHRI A. K. SAIGAL ( Aftefnatu )
SHRI M. L. BEHRAn
SHRI A. K. S~GH ~ A2&rnde )

Ministry of Defence ( R&D)

Ahmedabad Manufacturing & Calico Printing Co
Ltd, Ahmadabad

Smu B. V. 13MATT
SHRI K. G. SHAH ( Aftcmde
SIIRI C. BHATTACIEARYA

Petrochemicals
Limited,
Indian
Coloration
Vadodara
SHRI D K. CEATTOPADHYAY ( Abnde
)
Nat ional Test House, Calcutta
DEZD. K. DAS
The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay
SHRI M. D. Drxm
Indian Jute
Industries Research
Association,
DB A. S, DUTT
Calcutta
Wool Research Association, Bombay
S~RI S. B. HARDAS
DB B. R. MANWNATIiA
Textiies Committee, Bombay

DR ( SHRIMATI ) G. R.
PH ALGUBfA?T1

( ~/t&ttUttl

SIIRI SUNIL S. MEHTA

DR S. N, P~YDEY
KUMARI

S&ii~nArt

Silk Mills AssociatitirB~mbay

Technological
( l@lR
), Bombay

Laboratory

1. G. BHATT ( AbYMxfe )

( Continuedm page 2 )
@ COpyngk

1982

INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication
is protected
under
the Him Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
.. ,.,--

IS : 9 - 1982
( Continuedfrom page 1 )
Representing

Members

Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay

SHftI C. K. PK&nKZ
SKRI K. S. DESIKAN ( Alternate )
All India Handloom Board, Bombay
SRRI R. S. PRAYAQ
The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay
SHRI N. S. SAKAIYA
SHRI S. R. ANANTHAERISIINA
Binny Limited, Madras
SETTY

DR M. G. MODAK
( Alternote)
The Arvind Mills Limited, Ahmadabad
TAMNAD.~S K. SHAH
The Bombay Millowners Association, Bombay
SHRI
kANUBJIA1
M. SnAH
Ahmedabad Textile Industrys Research Association,
SHRI R. C. SlUH
Ahmadabad
Crescent Dyes & Chemicals Limited, Calcutta
SHR~ K. S. SRINIV~SA~T
SHKI R. S. BAJEKAL ( A~teraufe)
Ahmedabad Textile Industrys Research Association,
SHM S. S. TRIVEDI
Ahmadabad
Director General, IS1 ( Ex-ojicio Member )
SHRI S. M. CEAERABORTY,
Director ( Tex )
SHRI

SHRI G. S. ARRYANKAR
Deputy Director ( Tex ), IS1

Physico-Chemical

Test Methods Subcommittee,

TDC 5 : 15

Conveaef
SHRI M. D. DIXIT

The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay

Members
DR V. G. A~NINOTRI

National Peroxide Limited,

Bombay

Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

SHRI S. P. CHAKRABORTY
SHRI G. C. SHUKLA ( Affernatc )
The Bombay Dyeing & Manufacturing
SHRI A. V. CRIIUWALLA
SARI C. A. DESAI
DIRECTOR ( LABOKATORY )
DR( SHRIMATI)
G.R.
PRAL~UMANI ( Altnnate )
SHRI S. B. H ~RDAS
SHRI M. R. PAEANSAPE

Bombav
Kamla Mills Limited, Bombay
Textiles Committee, Bombay

Co

Ltd,

Wool Research Association. Bombay

The Silk 8s Art Silk Mills Research Association,
Bombay
Shri Dinesh Mills Ltd. Vadodara
DR N. D. RAY
The Bombay Millowners Association, Bombay
SHRI K ~NUBRAI M. SHAH
The Century Spg & Mfg Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI D. R. SRARMA
S~IW M LHESH SHARMA ( AIternale )
Indian
Jute
Industries
Research
Association,
SHRI N. C. Sax
Calcutta
Crescent Dyes & Chemicala Limited, Calcutta
SHRI K.S. SQL~IVAS~N
SHRI R. S. B ZJEKAL ( A!lernafe )
Madura Coats Ltd, Madurai
SHRI A. SUBlr 4M4NIAZ-i
SHRI A. CmLLARAJ ( Alternate )

IS : 9 - 1982

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR
DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONAL CHANGES
OF WOVEN FABRICS ON WASHING NEAR
THE BOILING POINT

( Second Revision)
0

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 30 April 1982, after the draft finalized by the
Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee had been approved by
the Textile Division Council.
0.2 This standard, originally published in 1949, was first revised in 1963.
The standard has now been revised again in the light of the experience
gained over the period.
0.3 This standard is mainly based on IS0 675-1c79 Textiles - Woven
Fabrics - Determination
of dimensional
change
on
commercial
launc!ering near the boiling point . Compatible
additions have been
made in this standard.
0.4 Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 stipulates the use of
International System of Units in the country.
In order to familiarize the
industry with this system, the recommended SI units for use in the textile
industry are given in Appendix A.
0.5 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance
with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be
rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS: 2-1960*.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes a method for determining the dimensional
changes of woven fabrics on washing near the boiling point.
*Rules for rounding off numerical

values ( revised).

IS : 9 - 1982
I.2 This standard is manly applicable
to woven cotton and linen fabrics
The method
and their blends which are washed at high temperatures.
is intended only for the assessment of dimensional
changes undergone
by
a woven fabric
subjected
to single mechanical
washing.
When it is
desired to determine the amount of progressive dimensional
change,
the
test specimen
should be washed repeatedly
and the results reported so
as to clearly
indicate
the amount of dimensional
change in the washed
specimen as compared with original dimensions of the unwashed
specimen and the number
of testing cycles to which the specimen has been
subjected.
2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For

the

purpose

of this

standard,

the

following

definitions

shall

apply.
2.1 Dimensional
Change, Percent - The decrease or increase
in
dimensions
( that is, in length or width, or both ) after subjecting the
fabric to the prescribed test, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding dimensions before such test.
2.2 Lot - The quantity
of textile
materials
definite
type and quality
delivered
to one
despatch note.
3.

purporting
purchaser

to be of one
against
one

SAMPLING

3.1 Sample
selected

to determine conformity
of a lot to
so as to be representative
of the lot.

a specification

shall

be

3.2 Sample
drawn in compliance
with an agreement between the buyer
and the seller to evaluate the dimensional
changes
on washing
of cloth
in the lot shall be held to be representative
of the lot.
4. TEST

SPECIMENS

4.1 From

the sample under analysis,

draw three test specimens, each
size such that its length is 650 mm and of full width, taking
(a) the specimens
are not drawn from within one metre of
of the piece, (b) no two specimens are drawn from the same
(c) the specimens are cut and not torn from the piece.

being of a
care that
either end
piece, and
5.

CONDITIONING

OF

TEST

SPECIMENS

5.1 Prior to test, the test specimens shall be conditioned

to moisture equilibrium
in a standard atmosphere
at 65 * 2 percent relative
humidity
and 27 f 2 C temperature
( see IS : 6359- 1971* ), the variation
in temperature
during
any one series of tests shall not be more than one
degree centigrade.
*Method

for conditioning of textiles.

IS : 9 - 1982
5.2 When the test specimens have been left in such an atmosphere
for 24
hours in such a way as to expose, as far as possible, all portions of the
specimens to the atmosphere,
they shall be deemed to have reached moisture equilibrium.
However, in the case of fabrics
which
weigh more
than 270 g/ma, this period shall be 48 hours.
6. APPARATUS
6.1 Wash

Wheel

6.1.1 A horizontal cylindrical

machine with rotating cage and reversing mechanism
shall be used.
The cage should have a diameter between
40 and 60 cm and a peripheral speed of 50 to55 m/min. Other diameters
may be used as a temporary
measure,
provided
that the rotational
frequency is adjusted to give an equivalent peripheral speed.
6.1.2 For preference,
three or four fin? or lifters about 8 cm wide,
equally spaced around the interior of the cage and extending
to its full
Either
a single fin or two fins may be used,
length,
should be used.
provided that equivalent results may be obtained.
6.1.3 The cage shall turn at such speed that the load is lifted by the
fins and falls back into it.
( A peripheral speed of 54 m/min has been
found satisfactory.
) The cage shall make 5 to 10 revolutions
before
reversing its direction.
6.1.4 The machine shall be equipped with heating
facilities,
live steam, gas or electricity,
and with an outlet large enough
discharge of all water from the machine in less than 2 min.

such as
to permit

6.1.5 A thermometer
in a suitable well, or equivalent
equipment,
shall
be provided to indicate the temperature
of the water to within 1C during
the washing
and rinsing,
and there shall be an outside water gauge
to indicate level of the water in the wheel.
6.1.6 The mass of the load to be run in the machine shall be between
8 and 50 kg of air-dry fabric per cubic metre of cage space, including
the volume of the fins.
The load shall be male up of test specimens and
as much other similar fabric as is required.
The quantity of water used
shall be sufficient
to cover the load, the level being situated at a height
from l/7 to l/3 of the inside diameter of the cage.
6.2

Extractor

6.2.1 A laundry-type
centrifugal
extractor
with perforated
basket,
or
.equivalent
apparatus,
shall be use3 and it shall be capable of aljusting
the moisture
retention
to a ranye between 50 and 100 percent ( m/m )
based on the air-dry mass of the fabric.
5

IS : 9 - 1982
NOTES- Any other apparatus that will give an equivalent result witbcut fatric
distortion may be uhcd, for example, a rubber roll wringer which could paJs the
specimen through the rolls along a diagcnal line without altering its dimensions.
NOTE 2 - Heavier fabrics of tight construction require a high moisture retention
to ensure removal of wrinkles during pressing.

6.3 Pressing Equipment

6.3.1 A flat bed press capable of pressing a specimen 60 cm x 60 cm
The temand of providing a minimum pressure of 3 kPa is required.
perature of the press shall be 150 & 15C.
6.4 Marking

Equipment

6.4.1 The equipment

specified in 4.3 of IS : 10099-182*

shall be used.

7. REAGENT
7.1 Qpality of Reagents - Pure chemicals and soft water having a
harciness of not more than 50 parts per million shall be used for the
purpose of this test.
NOTE - Pure chemicals shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities
which affect the results of the test.

7.2 tSoap Solution - Prepare a stock solution by dissolving O-5 kg of

soap in 4 litres of hot water.
When cooled, this solution forms a thick
jelly which may be used as required.
The soap meeting
weight ) is satisfactory:

the

following

composition

Free alkali calculated

as Na&Oa

( MUX)

Free alkali calculated

as NaOH ( MUX )

Combined fatty acid calculated

salt ( Min )

as Na

( based

upon

0.3 percent
O-1 percent
85 percent

Titre of mixed fatty acids prepared

from the soap ( Max )

39C

Iodine value of fatty acids ( MUX )

50

7.3 Anhydrous

dry

Sodium Carbonate

8. PREPARATION

OF TEST SPECIMEN

8.1 The test specimen shall be prepared

as specified in IS : 10099-182;.

*Methods for preparation, marking and measuring of fabric specimens and

garments in tests for determination of dimensional changes.
tInformation regarding availability of soap of this composition can be had frcm
IS1 Directorate General.

x3:9-1982
9. PROCEDURE
9.1 Washing

and Rinsing

9.1.1 Place the specimen or specimens individually

in the machine
with sufficient similar fabric to make up the proper dry load ( see 6.1.5 ).
Start the machine, noting the time, and allow the machine to run continuously for 60 min. During this time, carry out the following operations
as indicated, each without delay.
9.1.2 Run water into the machine
at a temperature such that the
machine will heat the liquor to boilinq point within 10 min maximum,
and fill to the proper level fol washrng ( see 6.1 ) within 4 min.

9.1.3 Add approximately 2 g per litre of the anhydrous sodium carbonate ( 7.3 ). Raise the temperature
rapidly to 95C.
Add sufficient
soap ( 7.2 ) to give a good running suds. If more than 5 g per litre of
soap is uied, the amount and reasons for use shall be reported [ see 11.1
( h ) 1. The temperature shall be maintained at not less than 80C.
9.1.4 When the machine has run for 40 min, timed from the start of
the test, drain off the soap solution quickly and fill the machine with
Raise the temperature to 6OC
water to the proper level for rinsing.
within 2 min.
9.1.5 When the machine has run for 45 min from the start of the test,
drain off the water, fill again and heat to 60C as before.
9.1.6 At the end of 55 min from the start of the test, drain off the water
quickly.
Allow the machine to run without further additions to complete
Stop the machine.
the full 60 min of operation.
9.2 Extraction
9.2.1 Remove the specimen
water ( see 6.2 ).

from

the machins.

Ex:ract

the excess

9.3 Pressing
9.3.1 Press each specimen, usinq the press ( 6.3 ), taking care to ensure
that it is smoothe3, with stretching, to remove wrinkles before prejiing.
Continue this operation until sufficient moisture has been extracted from
the fabric to ensure conditioning from the dry side,

9.4 Evaluation
9.4.1 Allow the pressed specimen to cool, condition it in the standard
atmosphere and measure the distance between the markings nearest to
1 mm ( see 6.4 to 6.7 of IS : 10039-1982*
).
*Methods
for preparation,
.garmentr in tests for determination

marking and measuring

of dimensional changes.

of

fabric

specimens

and

IS : 9 - 1982
10. CALCULATION

AND

EXPRESSION

OF RESULTS

10.1 Calculate

the average dimensional

changes in the warp and weft
directions
separately.
Express
as percentages
of the original value to
the nearest 0.5%, using a minus sign ( - ) to indicate
shrinkage
and a
plus sign ( + ) to indicate
elongation.
Calculate the mean value and
the range of the dimensional
change for each set of replicates.

11. REPORT
11.1 The test report shall include

the following

a) A statement
that the procedure
with this Indian Standard;
b) The positions
of the piece;

of the specimens

c) The number
subjected;

of

testing

particulars:

was

conducted

in the fabric

cycles

to

which

in accordance

in relation
the specimen

to the ends
has been

d) The dimensional
change ofeach specimen, in the warp and
directions,
as a percentage
of the original value;

weft

e) The mean dimensional

change
weft directions, as a percentage

and

f ) The

range

g) Whether

of individual
the specimen

of the replicates, in the warp

of the original value;

dimensional
includes

change

values;

selvedges;

h) The soap used.

State the reasons for using more
litre of soap when this amount is exceeded; and
j ) The following statement,
which may be inherently

if the test method

extensible:

than 5 g per-

is applied

to fabrics~

The
application
of even moderate tension in commercial
washing
and pressing may be expected
to cause considerable
extension
of
the washed fabrics.

IS:9-1982

APPENDIX
( Clause 0.4 )
RECOMMENDED
SL
NO.

CHARA~TERISTIO

(2)

(1)
1)

2)

Length

Width

SI UNITS

F_--h_---_.-~
Unit(s)

FOR TEXTILES
APPLICATION

SI UNIT(S)
Abbreviation(s)

(3)
Millimetre
Millimetre,
centimetre
Metre

(4)
mm
mm, cm

Millimetre
Ccntimetre
Millimetre,
centimetre
Centimetre,
metre

mm
cm
mm, cm

cm, m

(5)
Fibres
Samples,
test specimens
( as appropriate )
ropes,
cordage,
Yarns
fabr)cs
Narrow fabrics
Other fabrics
tc st specimens
Samples,
( as appropriate
)
Carpets, druggets, DURRIE
( as appropriate )

3)

Thickness

Micrometre
( micron )
Millimetre

rm

Delicate

mm

Other fabrics,

4)

Linear density

Tex
Millitex
Decitex
Kilotex

tex
mtex
dtex
ktex

Yarns
Fibrrs
Filaments,
filament yarns
Slivers, ropes, cordage

5)

Diameter

Micrometre
( micron)
Millimetre

rm

Fibres

mm

Yarns,

ropes, cordage

6)

Circumference

Millimetre

mm

Ropes,

cordage

7)

Threads

8)

Warp threads
loom

9)

StEbh;;

. .

in

b) Widthwise

( as

ends/dm

Number per
centimetre
Number per
decimetre

picks/cm

Number per
centimetre

ends/cm

picks/dm
Reeds
Knitted
fabrics
appropriate )

in knitted

a) Lengthwise

felts

ends/cm

Number per
centimetre
Number per
decimetre

b) Widthwise

carpets,

Woven
fabrics
appropriate
)

in fabric:

a) Lengthwise

fabrics

Courses per
centimctre
Courses per
decimetre

courses/cm

Wales
per
centimetre

wales/cm

courses/dm

wales/dm

Wales
per
dccimetre
9

( as

&.

(2)
Stitch length

(3)
Millimetre

APZSIOASION

Abbreviation(s)

Unit(s)

(1)

.w

SI USxT(6)

CHARACTERISTIC

(4)

mm

Knitted
items

g/m

Fabrics

g/m

Fabrics

Crams per square

metre

11)

Mass per unit area

12)
13)

Mass per unit length

Grams per metre

TWist

Turns per centimetre

Turns per metre

14)

Test or gauge length

Millimetre,
metre

15)

Breaking load

centi-

(5)

fabrics, mad-

turns/cm

Yarns, ropes, cordage ( as

appropriate )
turns/m >
.mm, cm
Fibres? yarns and- fabric
specimens
( as appropriate )

Millinewton

mN

Newton

Fibres,. delicate
yarns
( individual or skeins )
Strong yarns (individual
or
skeins ),
rope%
cordage, fabrics

km

Yarns

mN/tex

Fibrer yarn
or skeins )

16)

Breaking length

Kilometre

17)

Tenacity

Millinewton
tex

per

( individual

18) Twist factor or twist Turns per centi- turns/E

multiplier

metre X square
root of tex
Turns per metre
x square root
of tex

19)

Bursting strength

Newton
square
nietre

20)

Tear strength

Millinewton,
Newton

21)

Pile height

22) Pile density

Elastic modulus

per
centi-

x c/tex 1

turn@_
x dtex
N/cm*

Yarns ( as appropriate

Fabrics

mN

Fabrics ( as appropriate )

Millimetre

mm

Carpets

Mass of pile yarn

in grams per
metre
~EarsLllimetre
pile height

g/m*/mm
pi1 e
height

Pile carpets

Millinewton
per
unit
tex
per
deformation

mN/tex/
unit
deformation

Fibres,

yams,

strands

10