Slab System Assignment
Slab System Assignment
Slab System Assignment
TWO-WAY SLAB
Two way slabs are the slabs that are supported on four sides and the ratio of longer span (L) to
shorter span (B) is less than 2. In two way slabs, load will be carried in both the directions. So,
main reinforcement is provided in both directions for two way slabs.
Q2. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE TWO & HOW LOADING IS DONE ON BOTH THE
SLABS?
One-way slab
B
Beam AB and
CD
lx
w = n lx / 2
C
D
ly
Two-way slab
A
B
E
ly
lx
lx/2
450
450
lx
Beam AC and BD
w = n lx / 3
lx
and CD
w = n lx / 6 {3- (lx / ly)2}
Reinforced concrete slabs are a common building system because they can be built
economically with essentially any plan geometry and supported by randomly located
beams, columns and walls.
Slabs must have sufficient strength to carry loads safely but must not deflect or crack
excessively.
This system consists of beams framing into columns and supporting slabs spanning
between the beams.
The relatively deep beams provide a stiff floor capable of long spans, and able to resist
lateral loads. However, the complications of beam formwork, co-ordination of services, and
overall depth of floor have led to a decrease in the popularity of this type of floor.
The floor loads are transferred to the beams, which are then transferred to the columns.
Advantages:
Long spans.
Disadvantages:
Depth of floor
Ribbed floors consisting of equally spaced ribs are usually supported directly by columns.
They are either one-way spanning systems known as ribbed slab or a two-way ribbed
system known as a waffle slab. This form of construction is not very common because of
the formwork costs and the low fire rating. A 120-mm-thick slab with a minimum rib
thickness of 125 mm for continuous ribs is required to achieve a 2-hour fire rating.
Waffle slabs are a reinforced concrete footing and slab system. They consist of a perimeter
footing (edge beam) and a series of narrow internal beams (strip footings) at one meter
nominal centers running each way i.e., containing square grids with deep sides.
Waffle slabs tend to be deeper than the equivalent ribbed slab. Waffle slabs have a thin
topping slab and narrow ribs spanning in both directions between column heads or band
beams. The column heads or band beams are the same depth as the ribs.
Waffle slabs achieve their strength by varying their height above ground. The higher the
slab above ground the deeper the beams. The deeper the beams the more stiffness the
system has.
Slab depths typically vary from 75 to 125 mm and rib widths from 125 to 200 mm. Rib
spacing of 600 to 1500 mm can be used. The overall depth of the floor typically varies from
300 to 600 mm with overall spans of up to 15 m if reinforced, longer if post-tensioned. The
use of ribs to the soffit of the slab reduces the quantity of concrete and reinforcement and
also the weight of the floor.
For ribs at 1200-mm centers (to suit standard forms) the economical reinforced concrete
floor span L is approximately D x 15 for a single span and D x 22 for a multi-span, where D
is the overall floor depth. The one-way ribs are typically designed as T-beams, often
spanning in the long direction. A solid drop panel is required at the columns and
loadbearing walls for shear and moment resistance.
Advantages:
Long spans
Disadvantages:
Depth of slab between the ribs may control the fire rating
Shuttering is difficult.
Greater accuracy in formwork is required.
Good labor and supervision necessary.
Rise of roof may be a disadvantage.
Form work may be removed after 7 days whereas in case of shells it can be little earlier.
The principle components in a folded plate structure consist of:
1) the inclined plates
2) edge plates which must be used to stiffen the wide plates
3) stiffeners to carry the loads to the supports and to hold the plates in line
4) columns to support the structure in the air.
A flat slab is a one-way or two-way system with thickenings in the slab at the columns and
load bearing walls called drop panels Figure 9. Drop panels act as T-beams over the
supports. They increase the shear capacity and the stiffness of the floor system under
vertical loads, thus increasing the economical span range.
This form of construction has become less popular in recent years because of the limit on
economical spans of about 9.5 m for reinforced slabs and about 12 m for pre-stressed
slabs.
The plan dimensions of the drop panels are a minimum of 1/3 of the span in the direction
under consideration, usually rounded to the nearest 100 mm. The overall depth of the drop
panel is typically taken as 1.75 to 2 times the depth of the slab, again rounded to suit timber
sizes or the nearest 25 mm.
The principal features of a flat slab floor are a flat soffit, simple formwork and easy
construction. The economical span L of a reinforced concrete flat slab is approximately D x
28 for simply supported, D x 32 for an end span and D x 36 for an interior span. Prestressing the slab increases the economical span to D x 35, D x 40 and D x 45 respectively,
where D is the depth of the slab excluding the drop panel.
Simple formwork
Disadvantages:
Medium spans
For reinforced flat slabs, deflection at the middle strip may be critical.