Prepared by,

Md. Humayoun Kabir

BSc. in Civil Engineering

IU

Insert Your Data

Comp Strength of Concrete f'c
Yielding Strength of Steel

fy

3000

psi

60000

psi

10

in

Width of the Column: W

2.5

Load (p)

200

kip

For tied re. Col :

0.65

For Spiral Col. :

0.7

Steel ratio

8
0

WSD g

0.025
Amount of St. in WSD Method:

Clear Cover

CC

2.5

in

Capacity Finder

7
4.7

Area of the Column:

23

7.2

Area of steel for Rect. Or Square Col.

23
in2
2.5

in

1.86

in2

Radius for Circular Column:

Area of steel for Circular Column As

Capacity of the Column:

916.547 Kip USD
484.118 Kip WSD

Capacity of the Rectangular Column is:

Capacity of the Circular Column is

169.692 Kip USD

103.545 Kip WSD

Rect. Col: WSD:

Rect. Col: USD:

Calculation for Square Tied Column: (WSD)

We know,
P=.85Ag(.25f'c+fsg)
Where,
f,c =
fs

3000

=.40*fy

24000 psi

Let, g

0.025

Here, P

200 kip

200000 lb.

Ag:

174.29194 in2

175 in2

Breath:

13.201967 in

14 in

Dim. of Column:

14

Area of Column:

14
196 in2

So, Area of Steel:

0.01877 in2

So, g

0.019 in2

So, Ast

3.724

Spacing of Tie bar

Tie Design:
Spacing
S1
S2
S3

3
0.31
4.96 in
5.28 in
14 in

4.96 in

Rectangular Tied Column ( WSD)

Breath:

17.5 in

18 in

0.11

Area of the Column:

180 in2

So, The dimension of the column is:

10
So, g
So, Ast :

18

180 in2

0.0232162

0.024

4.32 in2

Spiral Column:
P= Ag [0.25f'c + fsg
Ag

148.14815 in2

so, r is

6.8868035 in

Final Ag
g
Ast

153.9384 in2
0.0228626
3.542 in2

( WSD )

Civil Engineering

IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Result
10 in WSD
10 in USD

in
18 in WSD
10 in USD
2.5

Rectangular Column
No. of #

bar

0.31

No. of #

bar

0.11

Total Area of Steel :

mount of St. in WSD Method:

2.48 in2
0 in
2.48

8
0

in2

4.32 in2 Required

USD Method:

Amount of St. in WSD Method:

2.26 in2 Required

in WSD
in USD
Use:

Use:

in

ect. Col: WSD:

ect. Col: USD:

Amount of Steel in WSD Method:

Tie Design
use:
use:

#
#

3
3

bar @
bar @

10 in C/C
10 in C/C

Calculations
200

Factored Load: P

Kip

Calculation for Square Tied Column: (USD)

f'c

3 ksi

fy

60 ksi

We Know,
Pu=.80[0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst]
9.17
Ag

90.00009 in2

91 in2

Width:

9.539392 in

10 in

So, Area of Column A

Ast

100 in2

2.2561425 in2

2.26 in2

Rectangular Tied Column

(USD)

Breath:

9.1 in

So Dim. Of Column:
Area of Column A

10 in
10

10

100 in2

Total area of the column is:

Ast

2.2561425 in2

100 in2
2.26 in2

Spirally Tied Column ( USD )

We know,
For Spiral Column,
Pu= 0.85Ag[.85f'c(1-g)+fyg]

mn:

Ag

66.85721 in2

67 in2

Area of Column = r2
Radius : r

4.6180854 in

Ag

69.397944 in2

Area of Steel Ast:

4.7 in
70 in2

3.1095362 in2

( WSD )

78.54
149 in
7 in
154 in2
0.023

0.023

0.0228626

103545 lb
103.545 Kip
0.0236822

iculture and Technology

E-mail: humayoun6035@gmail.com
Last update: 27-08-2013

14 in WSD
10 in USD

14 in WSD
10 in USD

in

Square Column
No. of #

bar

0.31

2.48 in2

No. of #

bar

0.11

0 in2

Total Area of Steel :

Amount of St. in WSD Method:

2.48 in2

3.73 in2 Required

USD Method:

2.26 in2 Required

Circular Column
No. of #

bar

0.6

3.6 in2

No. of #

bar

0.11

0 in2

Total Area of Steel :

teel in WSD Method:

3.6 in2

4.32 in2 Required

USD Method:

3.11 in2 Required

e Design
Square. Col: WSD:
Square. Col: USD :

use:
use:

#
#

3
3

bar @
bar @

10 in C/C
10 in C/C

Capacity Finder:
Area of Steel:

7.2

Area of the Column:

Load Capacity of the Column is:

in2

19.635

529 in2 (Rect.)

78.54 in2(Cir.)
916.5468 Kip (Rec.)
169.69154 Kip ( Cir.)
0.0675

circu rat

6.75

484117.50
484.1175 kip

529
7.2

Tie Design

0.0136106

3
10 in
18 in
10 in

10

10
18

10

10

USD g

3
10 in
18 in
14 in
10 in
18 in
10 in

0.03

10 in

10 in

If you put values in the main sheet of "Column Design" same as

Ultimately if it becomes Main sheet, that means " Column Desi

Check

f "Column Design" same as the given values of the pictures bellow then you will find all other content and va
that means " Column Design" = Check (1, 2) Then this sheet should work properly.

Check 01

Check 02

find all other content and values same as the main sheet.

Column: Columns are defined as members that carry loads chiefly in compression. Colum
member because compression force or stress dominates their behavior. Compression mem

Arch ribs
Rigid frame member
Compression member in trusses
Shells
Portion that carry axial compression

Fig: Arch

Types of column according to reinforcement used

1. Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties.
2. Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous spirals.
3. Composite compression member reinforced with structural steel.

Type-3

Column may be divided into two broad categories:

Short column fail by crushing of concrete, lateral bucking need not to b

Long / Slender column fail by lateral bucking

According to loading condition column can be classified into following

Axially Loaded Column:

Pn= 0.85fc (Ag-Ast) + fyAst

According to ACI Code 10.3.6

For spirally reinforced column, with =0.70

For tied reinforced column, with =0.65

According to ACI Code 10.9.1 (Steel Ratio of column)

Reinforcement ratio is defined by, = As/Ag and the its range is 0

According to this minimum steel ration in column is 1% of gross con
To avoid congestion most column are designed with a ratio below 0

According to ACI Code 10.9.2 (Minimum no. of bar)

A minimum four longitudinal bar is required when the bar s a

A minimum six longitudinal bar is required when the bar s ar

According to ACI Code 7.10.5 (Design of tie)

All bars of tied columns shall be enclosed by lateral ties.

At least #3 (10 mm) tie for longitudinal bars up to #10(32 m
Spacing should not exceed 16 diameters of longitudinal bars
Every corner and alternative longitudinal bar shall have later
No bar shall be farther than 6 in. ( 150 mm) clear on either s

According to ACI 7.7.1(c)

Minimum clear cover for column member = 1.5

According to ACI 7.6.3

Clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than 1.5d

Why value of is lower for column than beam:

A beam failure would normally affect only a local region, where as a colu
The strength of axially loaded members depends strongly on the concret

Fig: Tie arrangement

Lateral Ties and Spiral

According to ACI code 10.9.3 (Minimum spiral reinforcement Ratio)

Spiral Reinforcement ratio

Spacing of spiral can be found by,

ACI 7.10.4: Spacing may not be less than 1 and may not be larger tha

Example 1
Design a square tied column to support an axial dead load of 400 K and a live
Solution:
1.

Column side =

2. Because larger section is adopted, the steel percentage may be reduced

11
Use fourteen no #8 bars (

3. Design of tie: choose # 3 bar. Spacing least of following

(1)
(2)
(3)
Use # 3 bar @ 15 in. c/c

Assignment:

Design a circular spiral column to support an axial dead load of 400 K and a liv
and a steel ratio of about 2.0%. Also, design the necessary spirals.

Compression plus Bending of Rectangular Column

Columns loaded with axial load and uniaxial moment is designed based on fact

Mn Mu
Pn Pu

Fig: Equivalent eccentricity of column load

Strain compatibility Analysis and Interaction Diagram

Figure: Column subjected

to eccentric compression.
(a) Loaded column;
(b) Strain distribution;
(c) Stresses and force at
nominal strength.

Equilibrium between external and internal axial forces shown in figure c

Taking moment about the centerline of the section

A column can be designed by solving the above two equations for a specific co
A better approach, providing the basis for practical design, is to construct a str
failure moment for a given column for the full range of eccentricities from zero

Pn
Figure: Interaction
diagram for nominal
column strength in
combined axial and
bending load.

Compression failure rang

e=
0

e small

Load path for

given e

e=

Design Aid: With a representative column design chart column can be designed

1.
a) Select trial cross section dimensions b and h
b) Calculate the ratio based on required cover distances to the bar centro
c) Calculate

and

d) From the graph, for the values found in (c), read the required reinforceme
e) Calculate the total steel area

2.
a. Select the reinforcement ratio
b. Choose a trial value of

and calculate

c. From the corresponding graph, read

d. Calculate
e. Revise the trial value of

if necessary to obtain a well-pro

f. Calculate the total steel area

Example 3 [example 8.3, Nilson 14th edition]

Selection of reinforcement for column of given size : In a three-story structure,

load of 222 kips, maximum live load of 297 kips, dead load moment of 136 ftload compatible with the full live load moment is 166 kips, obtained when no li
the second floor. Architectural considerations require that a rectangular colum

(a) Find the required column reinforcement for the condition that full live load a
(b) Check to ensure that the column is adequate for the condition of no live loa
Material strengths are

and

Solution:

(a) The column will be designed initially for full load, then checked for adequa
According to the ACI safety provisions, the column must be designed for a fact
a factored moment
the column perimeter will be used. Bar cover is estimated to be 2.5 in. from th
(assuming bending about the strong axis) are

and
as before. From Graph A.7 it is found that a reinforcement
less than that required in part (a), so no modification is required.

Selecting No. 3 (No. 10) ties for trial, the maximum tie spacing must not exceed,
20 in. Spacing is controlled by the diameter of the ties, and No. 3 (No. 10) ties

12 no # 9

Fig: Design Column Sectio

Example 4 [example 8.4, Nilson 13th edition]

Selection of column size for a given reinforcement ratio: A column is to be de

and factored moment
ft-kips. Material strengths
Cost studies for the particular location indicate that a reinforcement ratio
required dimensions b and h of the column. Bending will be about the strong a
concentrated in two layers, adjacent to the outer faces of the column and para

Solution:
It is convenient to select a trial column dimension h, perpendicular to the axis
and assuming a concrete cover of 2.5 in. to the bar centers, the parameter
the stated loads the eccentricity is
and
from the trial dimension

A column
will be used, for which the required steel area is
Eight No. 11 (No. 36) bars will be used, providing

8 no # 11

Fig: Design Column Section

Biaxial Bending: Interaction diagram of biaxially loaded column

Approximate method:

1. Load Contour Method

2. Reciprocal Load Method
Reciprocal Load Method

Where,
approximate value of nominal load in biaxial bending with eccentricities
nominal load when only eccentricity
nominal load when only eccentricity
nominal load for concentrically loaded column

Example 5 [example 8.5, Nilson 14th edition]

Design of column for biaxial bending: The column

shown b
with eight No. 9 (No. 29) bars arranged around the column perimeter, providing
A factored load
of 255 kips is to be applied with eccentricities
as shown. Material strengths are
and
the trial design using the reciprocal load method.

Solution:
By the reciprocal load method, first considering bending about the Y axis,
With the reinforcement ratio

Then the bending about the X axis,

Substituting these value in

From which

Thus, according to the Bresler method,

can be applied safely.

[In general biaxial bending should be taken into account when the estim

Column Design by USD Method

chiefly in compression. Columns are generally referred as compression

eir behavior. Compression member includes

Fig: Column

and lateral ties.

and continuous spirals.
ed with structural steel.

e, lateral bucking need not to be considered.

be classified into following categories:

Fig: Compression member in tru

Steel contribution
Concrete contribution

of column)

= As/Ag and the its range is 0.010.08

on in column is 1% of gross concrete area of column
e designed with a ratio below 0.04.

ar is required when the bar s are enclosed by spaced rectangular or circular ties.
r is required when the bar s are enclosed by a continuous spiral.

e enclosed by lateral ties.

gitudinal bars up to #10(32 mm) and at least #4 (12 mm) tie for #11,14, and 18(36,43,57 mm) and bundled l
diameters of longitudinal bars, 48 diameters of tie bars, nor the least dimension of column.
ongitudinal bar shall have lateral support by ties having a included angle not more than 135.
n. ( 150 mm) clear on either side from laterally supported bar.

mber = 1.5

bars shall not be less than 1.5db nor less than 1.5.

a local region, where as a column failure could result in the collapse of entire structure.
epends strongly on the concrete compressive strength whose quality control is very difficult in site.

ral reinforcement Ratio)

and may not be larger than 3

dead load of 400 K and a live lode of 210 K using fc = 5 Ksi, and fy = 60 Ksi, and a steel ratio of about 5%. D

el percentage may be reduced by using

15

st of following
14 no # 8

Fig: Design Column Section

al dead load of 400 K and a live load of 250 K using fc = 4 Ksi, fy = 60 Ksi,
necessary spirals.

ment is designed based on factored load, which must not exceed the design strength, i.e.

ty of column load

forces shown in figure c

two equations for a specific column section.

cal design, is to construct a strength interaction diagram defining failure load and
nge of eccentricities from zero to infinity.

Compression failure range

eb

Tension failure range

e large

Mn

n chart column can be designed easily. And this can de done by two methods

ver distances to the bar centroid, and select the corresponding column design chart.
where

, read the required reinforcement ratio

and
and calculate the required

necessary to obtain a well-proportioned section

ze : In a three-story structure, an exterior column is to be designed for a service dead

, dead load moment of 136 ft-kips, and live load moment of 194 ft-kips. The minimum live
s 166 kips, obtained when no live load is placed on the roof but a full live load is placed on
quire that a rectangular column be used, with dimensions b = 20 in. and h = 25 in.

he condition that full live load acts.

for the condition of no live load on the roof.

load, then checked for adequacy when live load is partially removed.
mn must be designed for a factored load
A column
is specified, and reinforcement distributed arou
estimated to be 2.5 in. from the column face to the steel centerline for each bar. The column parameters

is found that a reinforcement ratio of

ation is required.

is sufficient for this condition,

spacing must not exceed,

or

he ties, and No. 3 (No. 10) ties will be used at 18 in. spacing.

20

# 3 Tie @ 18 in c/c

22.5

Fig: Design Column Section

2.5

nt ratio: A column is to be designed to carry a factored load

Material strengths
and
are specified.
hat a reinforcement ratio
of about 0.03 is optimum. Find the
ding will be about the strong axis, and an arrangement of steel with bars
r faces of the column and parallel to the axis of bending, will be used.

n h, perpendicular to the axis of bending; a value of h = 25 in. will be selected,

bar centers, the parameter
Graph A. 11 of Appendix A applies. For
and
From Graph A. 11 with
from the trial dimension
the required column width is

h the required steel area is

, arranged in two layers of four bars each, similar to the sketch shown in Graph A.1

15

# 4 Tie @ 15 in c/c

22.5

g: Design Column Section

loaded column

2.5

xial bending with eccentricities

and

is present (

is present (

n
shown below is reinforced
he column perimeter, providing an area
.
ed with eccentricities
in. and ,
and
. Check Ihe adequacy of

g about the Y axis,

, and
, using the average of Graphs A.6 (

, and

) and A.7 (

Graph A.5 of the Appendix A gives

rding to the Bresler method, the design load of

lied safely.

into account when the estimated eccentricity ratio approaches or exceeds 0.2]

Fig: Rigid Frame

g: Compression member in trusses

8(36,43,57 mm) and bundled longitudinal bars must be used.

of column.
e than 135.

ry difficult in site.

and a steel ratio of about 5%. Design the necessary ties.

n Section

# 3 Tie @ 15 in c/c

12.5

2.5

mum live

kips and
reinforcement distributed around
The column parameters

the sketch shown in Graph A.11

),

This Microsoft Excel spread sheet will be able to Design

This three types of axially loaded short column can be d
the recent experience of the owner. If any one wants t

Md. Humayoun Kabir

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engin

E-mail: humayoun6035@gmail.c
Cell: +88 01771123050

All short of con

Disclaimer

ad sheet will be able to Design rectangular, square and circular column both in USD and WSD method.
y loaded short column can be designed by this spread sheet. This sheet is following the ACI and BNBC code and
the owner. If any one wants to implement the result of this sheet in the practical field, it is their own liability.

Md. Humayoun Kabir

achelor of Science in Civil Engineering

mail: humayoun6035@gmail.com
ell: +88 01771123050

IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology.

All short of constructive opinion is appreciated by the author.

SD and WSD method.

ng the ACI and BNBC code and it's prepared by
l field, it is their own liability.