Reduced Relative Clauses Rut Gon Menh de Quan He PDF

REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES ( RT GN MNH QUAN H)
C 6 cch rt gn cu dng mnh quan h trong ting anh.

1. Rt gn mnh quan h bng cch dng participle phrases (V-ing phrase)
Nu ng t trong mnh quan h th ch ng (active), ta dng cm hin ti phn t (present
participle phrase) thay cho mnh . Thao tc: B i t quan h v tr ng t, a ng t chnh
v nguyn mu v thm ui ing.
Ex: The man who is standing there is my brother => The man standing there is my brother
Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? => Do you know the boy breaking the
windows last night?
2. Rt gn bng cch dng past participle phrase (V-ed phrase)
Nu ng t trong mnh quan h th b ng (passive) ta dng cm qu kh phn t (past
participle phrase).
Ex: The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting => The books written by Nam Cao are
interesting.
The students who were punished by teacher are lazy =>The students punished by teacher are lazy.
3. Rt gn mnh quan h bng to infinitive
Dng khi danh t ng trc c cc ch sau y b ngha: the only, the first, the second, the last, so
snh nht, mc ch.
Ex: Tom is the last person who enters the room = Tom is the last person to enter the room.
John is the youngest person who takes part in the race =>John is the youngest person to take part in the
race.
ng t l HAVE/HAD
Ex: I have much homework that I must do => I have many homework to do.
u cu c HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today => There are six letters to be written today.
4. Rt gn mnh quan h dng cm danh t (ng cch danh t)
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Dng khi mnh quan h tnh t c dng: S + BE + DANH T /CM DANH T/CM GII T
Cch lm: b who ,which v be.
Ex: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health => Football, a popular sport, is very
good for health.
Do you like the book which is on the table? => Do you like the book on the table?
5. Mnh rt gn tnh t c dng be v tnh t/cm tnh t
C 2 cng thc rt gn:
Cng thc 1: B who, whichto be -> gi nguyn tnh t pha sau.
iu kin 1: Nu pha trc that l i t phim ch nh something, anything, anybody
Ex: There must be something that is wrong => There must be something wrong.
iu kin 2: C du phy pha trc v phi c t 2 tnh t tr ln.
Ex: My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house => My grandmother, old and
sick, never goes out of the house.
Cng thc 2: Nhng trng hp cn li ta em tnh t ln trc danh t.
Ex: My grandmother, who is sick, never goes out of the house => My sick grandmother never goes out
of the house.
I buy a hat which is very beautiful and fashionable => I buy a very beautiful and fashionable hat.
Tuy nhin nu cm tnh t gm c danh t trong n th ta ch cn cch dng V-ing m thi.
Ex: I met a man who was very good at both English and French => I met a man being very good at
both English and French.
Tm li cch rt gn loi ny kh phc tp v n ty thuc vo n 3 yu t: c mt hay nhiu tnh t
danh t ng trc c phi l phim ch khng c du phy hay khng
6. Mnh tnh t thnh tnh t ghp
Cch lm: Ta s rt gn mnh thnh mt tnh t ghp bng cch tm trong mnh mt s m v
danh t i sau n, sau ta chng k nhau v thm du gch ni gia. em tnh t ghp ra
trc danh t ng truc who, which- nhng phn cn li b ht.
Lu :
+ Danh t khng c thm s
+ Ch dng c dng ny khi mnh tnh t c s m

+ Cc cm nh tui th s vit li c 3 t v gch ni gia chng (two years old two-year-old)
Ex: I have a car which has four seats => I have a four-seat car. I had a holiday which lasted two days
=> I had a two-day holiday.
Mt s iu cn lu v cch dng mnh quan h rt gn trong ring anh
1. Cc i t quan h c chc nng tn ng trong mnh quan h xc nh u c th lc b.
VD: Do you know the boy (whom) we met yesterday? (Bn c bit chng trai m chng ta gp hm
qua khng?)
Thats the house (which) I have bought. ( l ngi nh ti mua)
-Tuy nhin cc i t quan h c chc nng tn ng trong mnh quan h khng xc nh khng th
lc b.
VD: Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan. (ng Tom, ngi m
chng ta ni chuyn in thoi vi, rt hng th vi k hoch ca chng ta)
2. Khi danh t c ni n l tn ng ca gii t, ta c th a gii t ng trc i t quan
h. Trng hp ny ch c dng Whom v Which
VD: Miss Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher. (C Brown, ngi m chng
ta hc cng nm ngoi, l mt gio vin rt tt)
Mr. Cater, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. (ng Cater, ngi
m ti ni chuyn in thoi vi ti qua, rt hng th vi k hoch ca chng ta)
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. (May mn thay chng ta c mt ci
bn , nu khng c n chng ta s b lc)
3. Ch cch dng ca cc cu trc m u cho mnh quan h: all, most, none, neither, any,
either, some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom
VD: Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers. (Daisy c 3 ngi anh trai, c 3 u l gio
vin)
I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me. (Ti th 3 i giy, khng c i no va
vi ti)
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldnt answer. (Anh y hi ti rt nhiu cu hi, hu
ht ti khng th tr li)
Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class. (Hai chng trai, khng ai trong s
h ti tng gp trc , i vo lp ca ti)
They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use. (H c hai chic xe, mt trong s chng h t
khi s dng)
There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before. (C rt nhiu ngi cuc
hp, t ngi trong s h ti tng gp trc )
4. Cc trng hp sau y thng phi dng that
Khi cm t ng trc va l danh t ch ngi v vt
VD: He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London (Anh y ni vi ti v cc
a im anh y i v nhng ngi anh y gp London)
Sau cc tnh t so snh hn nht, first v last
VD: This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. (y l b phim th v nht m ti tng xem)
Moscow is the finest city that shes ever visited. (Moscow l thnh ph p nht m c y tng n du
lch)
That is the last letter that he wrote. (y l bc th cui cng anh y vit)
She was the first person that broke the silence. (C y l ngi u tin ph v s im lng)
Sau cc t all, only (duy nht) v very (chnh l)
VD: All that he can say is this. (Tt c nhng g anh y ni l y)
I bought the only book that they had. (Ti ch mua quyn sch m h c)
Youre the very man that I would like to see. (Bn l ngi n ng ti rt mun gp)
Sau cc i t bt nh
VD: He never says anything that is worth listening to. (Anh y cha bao gi ni bt c th g ng
nghe)
Ill tell you something that is very interesting (Ti s ni vi bn vi iu rt th v)
Hng dn cch lm bi tp mnh quan h rt gn trong ting anh
Khi hc th ta hc t d n kh nhng khi lm bi th ngc li phi suy lun t kh n d.
Bc 1: Tm xem mnh tnh t nm ch no Bc ny cng d v mnh tnh t thng bt u

bng WHO,WHICH,THAT
Bc 2 : Bc ny ch yu l gim t mnh xung cm t, tuy nhin cch suy lun cng phi theo
th t nu khng s lm sai.
VD: This is the first man who was arrested by police yesterday. (y l ngi n ng u tin b cnh
st bt ngy hm qua)
Mi nhn ta thy y l cu b ng ,nu vi vng th s d dng bin n thnh : This is the first man
arrested by police yesterday => sai
Nhng p n ng phi l : This is the first man to be arrested by police yesterday => ng
Cc bn hy ln lt lm theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhn xem mnh c cng thc S + BE + CM DANH T khng ? Nu c p dng cng thc
mc 4 .
2. Nu khng c cng thc th xem tip trc who which c cc du hiu first ,onlyv..v khng
,nu c th p dng cng thc mc 3 (to V-inf), lu thm xem 2 ch t c khc nhau khng (
dng for sb )
3 .Nu khng c 2 trng hp trn mi xt xem cu ch ng hay b ng m dng V-ing hay V-ed
Lu :
-Ch c hai i t quan h l whom v which thng c gii t i km v gii t c th ng trc cc
i t quan h hoc cui mnh quan h.
VD 1: The man about whom you are talking is my brother. The man (whom) you are talking about is
my brother. (Ngi n ng m bn ni v l anh ca ti)
VD 2: The picture at which you are looking is very expensive. The picture ( which) you are looking at
is very expensive. (Bc tranh bn ang xem rt t)
-Khi gii t ng cui mnh quan h th ta c th b i t quan h v c th dng that thay cho
whom v which trong mnh quan h xc nh.
-Khi gii t ng trc i t quan h th ta khng th b i t quan h v khng th dng that thay
cho whom v which

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REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES ( RT GN MNH QUAN H)

C 6 cch rt gn cu dng mnh quan h trong ting anh.

+ Ch dng c dng ny khi mnh tnh t c s m

Truy cp vo http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh S - a tt nht!

Bc 1: Tm xem mnh tnh t nm ch no Bc ny cng d v mnh tnh t thng bt u

Truy cp vo http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn Anh S - a tt nht!

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