SAT Practice Test PDF

Form Codes DECL, EWCL, FFCA
SAT
Reasoning
SAT
Test
Reasoning
Test
Question-and-Answer
Service
January 2008 Administration

INSIDE:
Test questions and correct answers
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by the College Board.
-1-
SAY
ESSAY
Time 25 minutes
Turn to page 2 of your answer sheet to write your ESSAY.

The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can develop and express ideas. You should, therefore, take
care to develop your point of view, present your ideas logically and clearly, and use language precisely.
Your essay must be written on the lines provided on your answer sheet you will receive no other paper on which to write.
You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size.
Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what
you are writing is legible to those readers.
Important Reminders:
x A pencil is required for the essay. An essay written in ink will receive a score of zero.
x Do not write your essay in your test book. You will receive credit only for what you write on your
answer sheet.
x An off-topic essay will receive a score of zero.
x If your essay does not reflect your original and individual work, your test scores may be canceled.
The
will tellminutes
you how
time
you on
have
writeassigned
an essaybelow.
on the topic assigned below.
You supervisor
have twenty-five
to much
write an
essay
thetotopic
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.
Often we see people who persist in trying to achieve a particular goal, even when all the
evidence indicates that they will be unlikely to achieve it. When they succeed, we consider
them courageous for having overcome impossible obstacles. But when they fail, we think of
them as headstrong, foolhardy, and bent on self-destruction. To many people, great effort is
only worthwhile when it results in success.
Adapted from Gilbert Brim, Ambition
Assignment:
Is the effort involved in pursuing any goal valuable, even if the goal is not reached? Plan and write an essay in
which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken
from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET.
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.
--2-
SECTION 2
Time 25 minutes
24 Questions
Turn to Section 2 (page 4) of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet.
4. The kiwi birds wings are -------: that is, they are
rudiments of wings and serve no function.
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank

indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath
the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when
inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the
sentence as a whole.
(A) ostentatious
(D) invasive
Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed

a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both
labor and management.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
enforce . . useful
end . . divisive
overcome . . unattractive
extend . . satisfactory
resolve . . acceptable
(A) benign
(B) somber
(C) stoic
(D) conciliatory
(E) strident
7. Peter was ------- without being -------: he held fast to
his beliefs but avoided arguing about them with others.
(C) solace
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
2. Marketing firms rely heavily on ------- information:

statistical data about the size, growth, and distribution
of human populations.
(A) classified
(B) demographic
(D) qualitative
(E) anecdotal
decisive . . philanthropic
haphazard . . quarrelsome
sentimental . . litigious
resolute . . polemical
steadfast . . acquiescent
(C) conjectural
8. African American poet Lucille Clifton writes in a
notably ------- style, achieving great impact in a
few unadorned words.
3. Electing not to stay in subordinate positions in large

firms, some attorneys -------, seeking more ------- and
independence elsewhere.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
ignore . . universal
criticize . . visionary
condemn . . benevolent
denounce . . pragmatic
condone . . indulgent
6. The critic noted that the ------- tone that characterizes

much of the writers work stands in stark contrast to
his gentle disposition.
1. Women in the United States gained ------- long after

Black American men did, but Black citizens had
greater difficulty exercising their new voting rights.
(A) restitution
(B) suffrage
(D) initiatives
(E) levies
(C) prodigious
5. Because all members of this organization are

idealists, they ------- any assertion that political
enterprises should be purely -------.
Example:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(B) vestigial
(E) kinetic
(A) incantatory
(D) unstinting
compromise . . servility
persevere . . competence
acquiesce . . banality
resign . . autonomy
recant . . conformity
-3-
(B) economical
(C) disaffected
(E) evenhanded
The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also
be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the
passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.
10. The primary purpose of Passage 2 is to
Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages.
(A) describe a typical days work on a scientific

project
(B) report details about an attempt to train wild
chimpanzees
(C) propose an alternative method of studying
animal behavior
(D) convey an unexpected and memorable
insight
(E) relive an unusual and fleeting experience
Passage 1
Because chimpanzees exhibit behavior so remarkably
similar to some human behavior, scientists observing
them in the wild often develop a degree of empathy
Line with the individuals being studied. In itself this is
5 not a bad thing. Subtle communication cues among
chimpanzees are more readily detected and recorded
once an observer has established this empathy.
However, scientists must guard against the constant
danger of automatically interpreting what they see as if
10 chimps act from human motivations. Their observations
must be as objective as possible. Intuitive interpretations
may initially be based on an understanding stemming
directly from empathy, but they must be tested afterward against the facts set out in the data.
11. The experience described in Passage 2 most directly

suggests that the statement about the danger (line 9,
Passage 1)
(A) accurately assesses the strength of a common
human impulse
(B) needlessly exaggerates the risks a person
faces among wild chimpanzees
(C) appropriately warns professionals about the
necessity of keeping their research current
(D) discourages overly optimistic observers from
expecting to make new discoveries
(E) fails to consider the consequences of a flawed
research methodology
Passage 2
My first day observing a community of forest chimpanzees showed me a richer and more satisfying world
than I had imagined. I suddenly recognized why I, a nonscientist, or anyone should care about what happens to
them: not, ultimately, because they use tools and solve
20 problems and are intellectual beings, but because they
are emotional beings, as we are, and because their
emotions are so obviously similar to ours.
I was moved by the play, the adult male chasing
a toddler round and round a tree, the mother nibbling
25 her babys toes and looking blissful, the three females
playing with and adoring a single infant. They feel!
That was my discovery.
15
12. The author of Passage 1 would most likely respond to

lines 26-27 in Passage 2 (They . . . discovery) by
(A) applauding the author for maintaining scientific
objectivity
(B) chiding the author for not submitting findings
for scientific review
(C) criticizing the author for having poorly defined
research goals
(D) urging the author to rely less on observations
made in the wild
(E) cautioning the author against failing to verify a
conclusion
9. Both passages support which generalization about

wild chimpanzees?
(A) Their family structures are somewhat similar
to those of humans.
(B) Their behavior often resembles that of humans.
(C) Their actions are prompted by strong psychological urges.
(D) Their facial expressions can be interpreted
accurately by nonspecialists.
(E) Their reactions differ from those of other apes.
--4-
Questions 13-24 are based on the following passage.

This passage, adapted from a 1998 book, discusses the
ability of some sea creatures to emit light, a phenomenon
known as bioluminescence.
Line
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Sailing at night in luminescent seas is something

splendid that is not given to everyone. On a quiet night,
with just enough wind to ghost along without the engine,
it can be euphoric. Euphoria is worth seeking; we dont
often achieve it in this rush-around world. You need
a pause, or you miss it. Sitting in the cockpit on a night
watch, it takes a little time to become adapted to the dark
and to realize how much is going on in the sea around you.
What you generally see first is a cloudy luminescence.
One source of such luminescence is an alga* called
Noctiluca. Each of these organisms is barely a millimeter
across and practically transparent, so that it is difficult
to see even if you know what you are looking for. It is not
much to look at if you havent got a microscope aboard,
but a more interesting question is not what Noctiluca
looks like, flashing or quiescent, but why it bothers
to flash. Isnt it suicidal to advertise your presence in
this blatant way, when you are near enough invisible if
you sit tight and do nothing? The answer, for the alga, is
copepods, the next step up in the food chain and the most
abundant small predators in the sea. Crustaceans, copepods
are related to shrimps, crabs, and lobsters. But they are
only three or four millimeters long big enough to see in
a bucket, if you shine a bright light and watch for their
shadows, for they, too, do their best to be transparent.
Copepods move in jerks, pouncing on yet smaller prey.
They dont like prey that flashes. Grab it, it explodes
into light in their scratchy little arms, and they drop it.
An odd bit of behavior, really, because the alga, so far
as we know, doesnt taste nasty, or sting, or do anything
unpleasant to the predator, and you might reasonably
expect the copepod to habituate to the flashes after a few
tries. But it does not, apparently, and since practically
every animal that has ever been studied habituates to
stimuli that repeatedly prove harmless, there must be
some other explanation. The most likely possibility is
that the copepod itself wishes to remain invisible. Chomp
down the alga, and the unfortunate copepod would be,
for a while, lit up by the glow in its gut, a sitting target
for a fish or anyone else with a taste for seafood.
In some of the larger luminescent species, in which
the patterns of light differ between sexes, it is a fair bet
that luminescence serves as an identification signal,
a means of bringing the sexes together in places that
have so little light that shapes and normal, reflected
50
55
60
65
70
colors wont do. Others use lights to attract prey, like

deep-sea anglerfish, with luminous-tipped rods that
wave seductively in front of cavernous mouths, invisible
in the abyssal dark. Or searchlights. One outstandingly
devious group of deep-sea predatory fish, Malacosteus,
has developed a system of red searchlights that are probably invisible to everybody except themselves. Red light
hardly penetrates beyond the first few meters of water,
even at the sea surface, and most mid-to-deep-water
marine animals have visual systems that cannot perceive
red light. Malacosteus, one must suppose, has the jump on
almost everybody around: night sights to target prey that
will never even be aware that they have been spotted.
But by far the most widespread use is camouflage. Deep
down, or even in shallow water at night, an animal is often
invisible except as a silhouette against the feeble light filtering from above. A predator can come up from below,
itself invisible to a victim in the water above it. Lights
along the underside, carefully matched to the light coming
from above, can destroy the silhouette. In principle, the
system would work in broad daylight. Indeed, a system
like this was used briefly at the beginning of the Second
World War, to hide military aircraft hunting submarines.
It reduced the range at which planes could be spotted
from a dozen miles to around two, uncomfortably close
for a submarine recharging its batteries at the surface
and needing time to crash dive. But then radar became
commonplace, and lights became obsolete.
*singular of algae
13. The passage as a whole is best characterized as

(A) a case study of an unusual type of
bioluminescence
(B) a survey of popular misconceptions about
the function of bioluminescence
(C) a discussion of the evolutionary origins of
bioluminescence
(D) an overview of the various functions of
bioluminescence in sea creatures
(E) an examination of luminescent species that
use camouflage
-6-5-
19. In line 25, the author most likely mentions

that copepods do their best to be transparent
in order to
14. In line 2, given most nearly means

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
inclined
transported
devoted
applied
granted
(A) explain why they are luminescent

(B) account for their apparent dislike of
eating Noctiluca
(C) account for their relative abundance
(D) reinforce the point that they are more difficult
to detect than are Noctiluca
(E) indicate what makes them so successful as
predators
15. The phrase ghost along (line 3) primarily serves

to suggest
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
misleading appearance
labored motion
unexplained phenomena
alarming effects
silent travel
20. The author argues that copepods dont like prey that
flashes (line 27) because they
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
16. In line 7, adapted most nearly means

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
evolved
committed
acclimated
predisposed
altered
are confused by the lights

want to avoid detection by predators
rarely encounter luminescence
know that luminescent animals taste bitter
are temporarily blinded by the flashes
21. In line 29, the author describes the copepods

behavior as odd because it
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
17. The author suggests that the best answer to the more
interesting question (line 15) is that flashing
(A) serves to deter potential predators
(B) enables Noctiluca to see its environment
better
(C) helps Noctiluca attract a mate
(D) improves Noctilucas chances of finding
an adequate food supply
(E) functions as a mode of communication
with other algae
is rarely seen in aquatic animals

is a rapid response to prolonged stimuli
seems to defy typical response patterns in animals
does not appear to help the organism locate food
occurs sporadically rather than regularly
22. The expression fair bet (line 42) is used to make the
point that
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
18. The question in lines 17-19 (Isnt it . . . nothing?)

primarily serves to
(A) reveal the scientific communitys limited
understanding of Noctiluca
(B) imply that some research on luminescence
is flawed
(C) suggest that an adaptation serves no biological
purpose
(D) note an apparent drawback to luminescence
in Noctiluca
(E) indicate that luminescence can serve a variety
of functions
-6-
a hypothesis is most likely accurate

a prediction will probably prove fruitless
a theory is likely to be rejected
an event will probably occur
an observation is likely to be understood
24. A submarine recharging its batteries at the surface

(line 71) is most analogous to a
23. The luminescence of Malacosteus (line 50) differs

from that of other species in that it
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
is only possible in deep water

temporarily startles other animals
is more obvious near the surface of the ocean
is most likely visible only to a Malacosteus
often protects Malacosteus from its predators
crab temporarily outside of its protective shell

shark continually foraging for food in the ocean
koala living in captivity in a zoo
bat emitting sounds to track an insect
goose flying south for the winter
NOTE: The reading passages in this test are brief excerpts

or adaptations of excerpts from the published material. The ideas
contained in them do not necessarily represent the opinions of
the College Board or Educational Testing Service. To make the
test suitable for testing purposes, we may in some cases have
altered the style, contents, or point of view of the original.
STOP
-7-
SECTION 3
Time 25 minutes
18 Questions
Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 1-8, solve
each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. You may
use any available space for scratchwork.
2. Ms. Stevens will purchase 2 pens and 1 notebook

for each of her 6 children. If the cost of each pen is
p dollars and the cost of each notebook is n dollars,
which of the following represents the total cost, in
dollars, of the pens and notebooks Ms. Stevens will
purchase?
1. Which of the following is NOT a factor of

10 2 10 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
10
15
30
45
50
(A) 6 p
(B) 12 p
(C) 6 p
(D) 6 p
(E) 6 2 p
-8-
n
n
n
2n
n
3. In the figure above, ABDE is a parallelogram and

14, BF
6, and
BCEF is a rectangle. If BD
AF
2, what is the area of rectangle BCEF ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
72
81
84
90
96
4. Five students sold candy bars for a total of $400 over

a 5-day period to raise money for their debate team.
The circle graph above shows each students sales as
a percent of the total dollar sales. The bar graph shows
the sales of one student over the five days. The sales of
which student are represented by the bar graph?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
-9-
Tim
Ned
Marta
Kevin
Laura
5. If
of
x
y
(A) 4
2 and
z
x
y
x
7. In the xy-plane, a line contains the points 4, 2 ,

2, 1 , and k, 5 . What is the value of k ?
4, what is the value
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 8
(D) 9
(E) 10
1
2
(B) 5
(C) 5
1
2
(D) 6
(E) 7
y, what does x 4 equal in terms of y ?
8. If x 3
(A) y 2
8
(B) y 3
1,
2, 3,
4, 5,
6,
(C) y 3
6. The first six terms of a sequence are shown above. The

odd-numbered terms are increasing consecutive positive
odd integers starting with 1. The even-numbered terms
are decreasing consecutive negative even integers
starting with 2 . What is the sum of the 50th and 51st
terms of the sequence?
(D) y 5
(E)
(A) 101
1
(B)
(C)
0
(D)
1
(E) 101
-12-10-
y6
342,198.75
10. In the xy-coordinate plane, point 1, 4 is on the

line whose equation is y
3 x b. What is the
value of b ?
9. If the digit 2 in the number above is replaced by the

digit 6, by how much will the number increase?
-13-11-
13. In the xy-plane, a circle has its center at the origin and
a radius of 5. What is the length of the shortest line
segment that has one endpoint on the circle and the
other at 13, 0 ?
11. In the figure above, ABD is isosceles, and BCD is

equilateral. What is the degree measure of ADC ?
(Disregard the degree symbol when gridding your
answer.)
12. If 0 < 3x 2 < 1, what is one possible value for x ?
14. The figure above represents a stretch of fencing that is

500 feet long. If fence posts are placed at each end and
also placed every 5 feet along the fence for support,
how many fence posts in all are there in this stretch of
fencing?
-14-12-
17. A fitness center purchased a number of exercise

machines: 4 costing $1,700 each, 8 costing $1,300
each, and x costing $1,200 each, where x is a positive
odd integer. If the median price for all the exercise
machines purchased by the fitness center was $1,300,
what is the greatest possible value of x ?
15. The figure above shows the graph of a quadratic

function. What is the value of t ?
18. A car traveled 10 miles at an average speed of

20 miles per hour and then traveled the next
10 miles at an average speed of 40 miles per
hour. What was the average speed, in miles
per hour, of the car for the 20 miles?
yq
(x + 10)q
(2x 25)q
16. In the figure above, || m. What is the value of y ?
STOP
-15-13-
SECTION 4
Time 25 minutes
20 Questions
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
1. If 4 x 4 y
of 2y ?
18 and x
2, what is the value
2. A store will print an order of shirts with a special

design. The store charges a one-time fee of $200 for
creating the artwork, plus $6 for each shirt that it
prints. Which of the following gives the total charge,
in dollars, to print an order of n shirts?
(A) 5
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 10
(E) 16
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
-14-
194n
200n + 6
206 + n
200 + 6n
200 + n + 6
3. Point M is the midpoint of AB. Points C and D are

located on AB in such a way that AC CM and
DB. If MD
MD
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5, what is the length AD ?
10
15
20
25
30
6. For each of 5 kinds of food, the graph above shows the

percent of 800 people surveyed who said they enjoy
that kind of food. Based on the information in the
graph, which of the following statements must be true?
I. Some of the people said they enjoy more than

one kind of food.
II. More than half the people said they enjoy Italian
food.
III. All the people who said they enjoy Mexican food
also said they enjoy Italian food.
4. If 5 k 2 + 5 2 = 50, what is the value of k ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 10
(E) 20
7. If
5
5
=
, what is the value of x ?
x +1
2x 1
(A) 2
(B) 1
(C) 0
(D) 1
(E) 2
5. For which of the following pairs of numbers is the ratio

of the smaller number to the larger number 3 to 5 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
II only
III only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
4, 6
5, 10
6, 9
8, 8
9, 15
-17-15-
8. How many integers between 9 and 100 have the

tens digit equal to 4 or 5 and the units digit (ones
digit) equal to 7, 8, or 9 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
10. For all positive integers a and b, let a b be defined
by a b
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Two
Three
Four
Six
Nine
ab2 . What is the value of 2 3 ?
6
12
18
27
36
Lonnie sometimes goes to comedy movies.

Greta never goes to mystery movies.
Sequence P : 2, 4, 8,
11. If the two statements above are true, which of

the following statements must also be true?
Sequence T : 10, 20, 30,
I. Lonnie never goes to mystery movies.

II. Greta sometimes goes to comedy movies.
III. Lonnie and Greta never go to mystery
movies together.
9. The first term of sequence P is 2, and each term after

the first is 2 times the preceding term. The first term of
sequence T is 10, and each term after the first is 10
more than the preceding term. What is the least value
of n such that the nth term of sequence P is greater
than the nth term of sequence T ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 8
(D) 9
(E) 10
-16-
I only
II only
III only
I and III
II and III
12. The figure above shows the graph of y
Which of the following is the graph of y
13. A garden consists of a continuous chain of flower

beds in the shape of pentagons, the beginning of which
is shown in the figure above. There are 17 flower beds
in the chain, and each one, except the first and last,
shares two of its sides with adjacent flower beds. If the
length of each side of each bed is 1 meter, what is the
perimeter of the garden?
f ( x).
f ( x) ?
(A)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
50 meters
51 meters
53 meters
55 meters
57 meters
(B)
(C)
14. If y x
y
must be true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(D)
(E)
-17-
x
y
y
x
y
y
x
x
0
0
x, which of the following statements
15. If the average (arithmetic mean) of the measures of two

noncongruent angles of an isosceles triangle is 70,
which of the following is the measure of one of the
angles of the triangle?
17. If s is the sum of 3 consecutive odd integers and n is

one of the 3 odd integers, which of the following could
be true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) 50
(B) 60
(C) 80
(D) 90
(E) 100
s
s
s
s
s
3n
3n
3n
6n
6n
3
3
1
ANNAS DAILY SERVINGS OF

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Day
Fruits
Vegetables
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
18. If a 1-inch cube of cheese were cut in half in all three

directions as shown above, then the total surface area
of the separated smaller cubes would be how much
greater than the surface area of the original 1-inch
cube?
16. A nutrition expert recommends that a person eat a

minimum of 5 servings of fruits or vegetables a day;
these 5 servings are to include at least 2 servings of
fruit and at least 2 servings of vegetables. On how
many days listed in the table above did Anna satisfy
all the recommendations of the nutrition expert?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) 2 square inches

(B) 4 square inches
(C) 6 square inches
(D) 8 square inches
(E) 12 square inches
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
0
-18-
19. If w
x y z, what is the average (arithmetic
mean) of w, x, y, and z in terms of w ?
w
2
w
(B)
3
w
(C)
4
w
(D)
6
w
(E)
8
(A)
20. In the figure above, each of the four large circles

is tangent to two of the other large circles, the small
circle, and two sides of the square. If the radius of
each of the large circles is 1, what is the radius of the
small circle?
1
4
1
(B)
2
(A)
(C)
1
2
(approximately 0.207)
(D)
(E)
2
(approximately 0.707)
2
1 (approximately 0.414)
STOP
-19-
SECTION 5
Time 25 minutes
24 Questions
2. Most of the students found the lecturers speech -------;
in fact, it was so dull that some even nodded off.

(A) illuminating
(D) disjointed
3. The attempts of epidemiologists to ------- the infectious

disease ultimately proved futile: as soon as they
managed to ------- it in one community, it would
emerge somewhere else.
Example:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
enforce . . useful
end . . divisive
contain . . check
control . . extend
eradicate . . unleash
defend . . cure
replicate . . monitor
4. The accused affected a ------- air during the interview;

he made no vehement protestation of innocence, just
a ------- denial of guilt.
1. Momentum gathered for a new property tax, but

the ------- from home owners was so great that this
proposal had to be -------.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(B) cryptic
(C) tedious
(E) unsettling
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
anticipation . . endorsed
publicity . . revealed
penalty . . abridged
opposition . . abandoned
backlash . . included
subdued . . scathing
bombastic . . remorseful
pugnacious . . terse
quizzical . . loquacious
nonchalant . . perfunctory
5. The award-winning novel is such ------- tale that its

very intricacy has a daunting effect on readers.
(A) a convoluted (B) a culpable
(C) a succinct
(D) an enthralling
(E) a felicitous
-2
-20-
Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied
in each passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.
This all started on a Saturday morning in May, one

of those warm spring days that smell like clean linen.
Delia had gone to the supermarket to shop for the weeks
Line meals. She was standing in the produce section, languidly
5 choosing a bunch of celery. Grocery stores always made
her reflective. Why was it, she was wondering, that celery
was not called corduroy plant? That would be much
more colorful. And garlic bulbs should be moneybags,
because their shape reminded her of the sacks of gold
10 coins in folktales.
Beginning in the 1780s, novelist Charlotte Smiths

explicit and implicit criticism of English life and laws,
of Englands social organization, earned her a reputation
Line as a subversive. Her novels contain some of the earliest
5 literary attacks on the English legal system. In comparison
to later exposs by nineteenth-century novelists such as
Charles Dickens, Charlotte Smiths attacks appear somewhat timorous. However, it cannot be denied that it was
Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists and
10 that when she did, her action was considered so audacious
that it laid her open to the charge of being a menace.
6. The reference to clean linen (line 2) primarily

serves to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
8. The passage suggests that many of Smiths critics

considered her novels to be
explain a course of action

evoke a particular sensation
describe an unexpected development
show nostalgia for a past experience
point out a pressing obligation
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
7. The word colorful in line 8 conveys a sense

of something
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
marred by frivolous and pointless descriptions

riddled with historical inaccuracies
harmful to the established social order
indifferent to questions of morality
disrespectful of British literary traditions
9. The author of the passage mentions Charles Dickens

primarily as an example of a novelist who
garish
robust
subtly hued
vividly descriptive
eye-catching
(A) found success by simply exposing rather than

attacking social institutions
(B) rebelled against a literary tradition that Smith had
originated
(C) developed the same themes as Smith, but received
far less criticism for doing so
(D) concurred with Smiths criticisms of the English
legal system
(E) made literary attacks that were bolder than those
made by Smith
-21-
10. It can most reasonably be inferred from lines 1-5

(His . . . done) that the narrator believes that

This passage is excerpted from a novel first published
in 1887. Here, the narrator is describing his friend,
a private detective renowned for his brilliance and
eccentricity.
Line
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Carlyle was the foremost writer of his age

educated people should know who Carlyle was
Carlyles views are unpopular in some quarters
Carlyles ideas are not relevant to most peoples
daily lives
(E) most readers do not fully appreciate the complexity of Carlyles thinking
His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge.

Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics
he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting
Thomas Carlyle,* he inquired in the navest way who he
might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a
climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was
ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the solar system. That any civilized human being
in this nineteenth century should not be aware that the
earth traveled round the sun appeared to me to be such
an extraordinary fact that I could hardly realize it.
You appear to be astonished, he said, smiling at my
expression of surprise. Now that I do know it I shall do
my best to forget it.
To forget it!
You see, he explained, I consider that a mans brain
originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock
it with such furniture as you choose. A fool takes in all
the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the
knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out,
or at best is jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he
has a difficulty in laying his hands upon it. Now the skillful
workman is very careful indeed as to what he takes into his
brain-attic. He will have nothing but the tools which may
help him in doing his work, but of these he has a large
assortment, and all in the most perfect order. It is a mistake to think that that little room has elastic walls and can
distend to any extent. Depend upon it there comes a time
when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you knew before. It is of the highest importance,
therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful
ones.
But the solar system! I protested.
What the deuce is it to me? he interrupted impatiently.
You say that we go round the sun. If we went round the
moon it would not make a pennyworth of difference to
me or to my work.
11. The narrators remarks about any civilized human

being (line 8) primarily serve to express his
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
annoyance with a common state of affairs

regret over a particular occurrence
shock at an unexpected revelation
disappointment at his friends actions
surprise at his friends gullibility
12. In line 11, realize most nearly means

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
clarify
actualize
accomplish
conceive
gain
13. The phrase To forget it! (line 15) primarily

emphasizes the narrators
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
*Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) was a nineteenth-century British historian

and essayist.
-22-
extreme displeasure
undisguised embarrassment
surprised disbelief
sense of urgency
feelings of regret
15. The friends attitude toward the acquisition of

knowledge as described in lines 16-37 is best
characterized as
14. The friend suggests that a fool (line 18) is one who
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
possesses only specialized knowledge

has no practical experience
is easily deceived
has little respect for learning
acquires information indiscriminately
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
-23-
open-minded
pragmatic
delighted
disillusioned
apathetic

The following passage was adapted from a book published
in 2000.
Line
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
It was so rare to see a real Asian American on television

when I was a kid that we had a family ritual when one was
spotted. It constituted what I now call an Asian sighting.
A hoot went out: Hey, come see this, look now!
Real Asians didnt include Hop Sing, the Cartwright
familys houseman on the TV show Bonanza, or David
Carradine, Jerry Lewis, or the numerous other white
actors who donned makeup to play Asians. We only
shouted when we saw regular Asian Americans like
us, on the news, game shows, variety programs, or
beauty pageants. It was a rare event.
We would then drop everything and make a frenzied rush to the tube to see who had entered that
mysterious TV land where people of Asian descent
were virtually nonexistent. My parents participated
enthusiastically in the routine as well. They liked
to assess for us kids the looks, ethnicity, demeanor,
intelligence and other vital signs of the real Asian,
a commentary they delivered in a manner as succinct
and passionate as that of a sports announcer. Most
irksome was their habit of comparing us to the TV
Asian. When an Asian beauty contestant competed
for Miss World or Miss Universe, my father invariably turned to me and said, in all seriousness, Helen,
why dont you try for Miss World? My brothers
snickered and taunted in the background while I
seethed in embarrassed fury.
One day I became one of those real Asians on TV.
In 1972, I visited China as one of the first Americans
to get into the country after President Nixons historic
visit. The TV game show To Tell the Truth asked me
to be a contestant on the show, which had celebrities
guess the real contestant from imposters after receiving
clues about the real person. The show would cover my
train fare to New York from New Jersey. I wouldnt
get paid, but for every celebrity panelist who guessed
wrong, Id win $50.00. That was enough to entice me,
the struggling student, and I hopped the train to New
York. On the set, I met the two Asian American actors
hired to play me: not only were they older than I, they
were Miss World material. The available selection of
Asian American actors must have been as sparse as
the roles available for them to play. When it came time
to pick the real Asian American college student who
went to China, somehow all the panelists picked me.
On the scheduled air date, my whole family crowded
around the television. Mom and Dad held back from
doing their usual critique. At first we all watched in
stunned silence, to see me as the Asian sighting. In those
pre-videocassette recorder days, it was startling to see
yourself on screen. My three older brothers made wisecracks and my little sister and brother jumped up and
down in excitement. Finally Dad said, Your voice
sounds different. Mom said I should have worn more
55 makeup. They stopped foisting the Miss World pageant
on me. So much for my television career. Most mindboggling was the thought that my brief, shining
moment on To Tell the Truth was an Asian sighting
for other Asian American families across America.
Asian sightings are more common now, but they are
60
still infrequent enough to create a thrill whenever real
Asians appear on the screen, as martial artists, for example,
or television reporters. We cheer to see a Chinese man,
chubby and middle-aged, as the star of a television series.
65 We heave a sigh of relief when a movie like Mulan is
released, using real Asian American actors voices. Each
Asian sighting that breaks through the constricting
stereotypes gives another reason to celebrate.
16. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
demand an end to regressive industry practices

examine the impact of a modern invention
analyze the causes of a historical phenomenon
recount a difficult and life-altering event
offer a personal view of a cultural development
17. The familys usual reaction to an Asian sighting

(line 3) is best characterized as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
excitement
shock
respect
anxiety
disdain
18. In line 5, Real most nearly means

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
serious
authentic
practical
utter
fundamental
19. The list of vital signs in lines 17-18 suggests that

the parents commentary was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
-24-
innocent and amusing

technical and bewildering
critical and demoralizing
thorough and systematic
contentious and overwrought
23. The observation about pre-videocassette recorder

days (lines 49-51) primarily implies that
20. The authors description in lines 16-22 (They

liked . . . TV Asian) suggests that she was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) an engineering breakthrough has had unfortunate

consequences
(B) a filming technique has improved the quality of
television programming
(C) a technological innovation has made a certain
experience more common
(D) a common piece of equipment has made
television more accessible
(E) an everyday object has reshaped the publics
preferences
angry about her parents outdated opinions

impressed by her parents perceptive observations
irritated by her parents comprehensive critiques
delighted with her parents spirited contributions
troubled by her parents inconsistent arguments
21. Lines 39-43 (On the . . . play) imply that the actors
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
had a good deal of professional experience

made the author question her own identity
would be unlikely to fool the panelists
needed money more than the author did
were unlike other Asian American performers
24. The example in lines 63-64 (We cheer . . . series)

primarily serves to
(A) applaud the increasing visibility of apparently
ordinary Asian Americans on television
(B) indicate dismay over some characters featured
in recent television shows
(C) express approval of the quality of the television
performances of Asian American actors
(D) underscore the importance of ethnic diversity
in the entertainment industry
(E) emphasize the need for more high-quality
dramatic series on television
22. The comment in lines 43-45 (When it . . . me)

suggests that the author was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
relieved that the experience was over

resentful of the other contestants
concerned about her familys reaction
not surprised by the panelists selection
untroubled by the repercussions of the episode
STOP
-25-
SECTION 7
Time 25 minutes
35 Questions
2. The film was full of suspense, this made Riya keep her
hands gripped tightly to her seat.
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness

of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select
one of the other choices.
(A) The film was full of suspense, this made Riya

keep her
(B) The film, which was full of suspense, keeping
Riyas
(C) The suspenseful film made Riya keep her
(D) Because of how suspenseful the film was, this is
what kept Riyas
(E) Being full of suspense, Riya found that the film
made her keep her
In making your selection, follow the requirements of

standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective
sentenceclear and precise, without awkwardness or
ambiguity.
3. In his old age, the painter James McNeill Whistler

walked to the beach almost every day, and he was
carrying a small easel and his paints in order to paint
the sky, the water, and the shore.
EXAMPLE:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book

and she was sixty-five years old then.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
and she was sixty-five years old then

when she was sixty-five
at age sixty-five years old
upon the reaching of sixty-five years
at the time when she was sixty-five
4. The ideas for songs, games, and skits that fill the Cub
Scout Leaders Guide is invaluable for scout leaders
when they try to find creative activities for the
children.
1. Teddy bears comforted and amused children

throughout the twentieth century, and it will be
cherished to those born in the future as well.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
and he was carrying

when he carries
where he carried
carrying
to carry
(A) is invaluable for scout leaders when they try to

find creative activities
(B) are invaluable for scout leaders trying to find
creative activities
(C) are those with the invaluable creative activities
scout leaders try to find
(D) for scout leaders trying to find creative activities,
is invaluable
(E) and which is invaluable for scout leaders who try
to find creative activities
it will be cherished to
they are still cherished to
it is still cherished by
being still cherished by
they will be cherished by
-34-26-
5. In researching an individuals life, the biographer must

sift through facts, opinions, untruths, and different
accounts of the same events.
9. When visiting a rain forest, the preservation of the

environment should be the tourists concern.
(A) the preservation of the environment should be
the tourists concern
(B) the environment and its preservation should be the
tourists concern
(C) the preservation of the environment should be
what concerns tourists
(D) the tourist should be concerned with the
preservation of the environment
(E) the tourist, regarding the preservation of the
environment, should be concerned
(A) different accounts of the same events

(B) different people telling different accounts of the
same events
(C) events told in different ways by different people
(D) accounts about events that are different
(E) people that tell different accounts of events
6. Although talking while gesturing with ones hands was
once considered undesirable, researchers have now
found that to use gestures when you converse makes it
easier for many people to think and speak.
10. Government regulations aimed at encouraging fuel

economy requires automakers to produce one fuelefficient vehicle for every inefficient one.
(A) to use gestures when you converse makes it easier

for many people to think and speak
(B) to make thinking and speaking easier for many
people during conversations you should use
gesturing
(C) for the ease of many people during conversations
one should gesture to think and speak
(D) using gestures during conversation makes
thinking and speaking easier for many people
(E) thinking, as well as to speak, are easier for many
people when gesturing while conversing
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
11. A severe northeastern storm struck Boston on New

Years Day, 1900, slowing down the loading of ships
in the harbor, the city was caught off guard because of
the Weather Bureau being closed for the holidays.
7. There is increasingly widespread reliance on electronic

mail, some people still resist using it, especially those
who prefer handwritten letters.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
requires automakers to produce

require automakers to produce
require automakers producing
that requires automakers to produce
are requiring automakers producing
(A) harbor, the city was caught off guard because of

the Weather Bureau being closed for the
holidays
(B) harbor, because the Weather Bureau was closed
for the holidays, the city was caught off guard
(C) harbor; catching the city off guard because the
Weather Bureau was closed for the holidays
(D) harbor; the city was caught off guard because the
Weather Bureau was closed for the holidays
(E) harbor and catching the city off guard, which was
caused by the Weather Bureau being closed for
the holidays
There is
There are
Because there are
Although there is
In that there is
8. The ancient Egyptians had a varied diet and ate

no refined sugar, they did not suffer from the tooth
decay associated with the consumption of processed
sugar.
(A) The ancient Egyptians had a varied diet and ate no
refined sugar, they
(B) The ancient Egyptians, who had a varied diet and
did not eat refined sugar, and
(C) With a varied diet and them not eating refined
sugar, the ancient Egyptians
(D) What with a varied diet and being free of refined
sugar, the ancient Egyptians
(E) Because the ancient Egyptians had a varied diet
that was free of refined sugar, they
-27-
The following sentences test your ability to recognize

grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the
one underlined part that must be changed to make the
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E.
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard
written English.
15. Ethel Payne, the tough investigative reporter which

A
is well known for her coverage of the Civil Rights

B
movement, first received critical acclaim for a diary
C
she kept while living in Japan after the Second World
D
EXAMPLE:
War. No error
E
The other delegates and him immediately

A
B
C
accepted the resolution drafted by the
D
neutral states. No error
E
16. By incorporating Pueblo figures into her

A
strongly geometric and abstract work is why

B
C
Pueblo artist Helen Hardin has had a significant
12. Many years after Ernest Just received the NAACPs
impact on contemporary Native American art.

D
Spingarn medal for his groundbreaking discoveries
No error
E
A
B
in cell biology, the nation issuing a postage stamp
17. There are a short but substantive list of

A
B
C
to honor him . No error
D
major innovations in American education that
13. Many jazz enthusiasts would have to admit that
resulted from the efforts of mathematician

C
D
A
their having unjustly overlooked the music of
Winifred Merrill. No error

E
B
C
Bennie Nawahi, who popularized the Hawaiian
18. The bus would not have had to take the long
A
D
steel guitar sound in the early 1930s. No error
detour instead of the main highway if the bridge

B
E
14. Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian-born immigrant to the
A
did not become treacherous in the aftermath of

C
D
United States and an innovator in the field of popular

B
an ice storm. No error

E
journalism, who established the Pulitzer Prizes in

C
D
journalism and literature. No error
E
-28-
23. No one but a fool would readily lend money to
19. Although one of the most frequently taught of

A
A
B
a person who is known to be a frequent gambler.
William Faulkners works, Light in August remains

B
one of the least understood, one of the hardest to bring

C
No error
E
into either intellectual or aesthetic focus. No error

D
E
24. The plans proposed by the students for the home-
coming celebrations are perfectly clear and it is well
20. By using electromagnetic sensors to record
A
the frequency of lightning strikes throughout
A
B
within our budget; however, the plans are not likely
C
to be approved by the administration. No error
the United States, meteorologists have
determined that it occurs at the rate of

25. It was obvious that all of the candidates had planned
C
D
2,000 per hour. No error
carefully for the televised debate, for each answer to
A
B
C
the opening question showed evidence of having been
21. Despite research on the diagnosis of heart disease and
A
the use of increasingly sophisticated technology
D
rehearsed. No error
B
in its treatment , the condition of coronary arteries is
C
still difficult to assess precisely. No error
E
26. For any mayor of a vast metropolitan area, an
A
understanding of current issues in all districts
B
is not only desirous but also vital. No error
22. The African violet is among the most popular houseA
plants because their flowers bloom throughout the

B
year and come in a wide array of colors. No error
D
C
E
-37-29-
27. Because of the exceptionally hilly terrain, the
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an

essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
B
A
final miles of the racecourse were difficult for
Read the passage and select the best answers for the
questions that follow. Some questions are about particular
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you
to consider organization and development. In choosing
answers, follow the requirements of standard written
English.
C
the other runners and me . No error
D
28. The seven-month-old baby was considered precocious
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.
to her family because she was already able to grasp

A
B
tiny items delicately between her thumb and
C
forefinger. No error
(1) Many people believe that failure can be the source of

success. (2) Although it may sound ludicrous to some, there
is much truth to it, as those who have experienced such
failures can attest. (3) To fail, one must first make an
attempt. (4) In that attempt, experience expands, new ideas
blossom, and viewpoints change. (5) And yet, even if one
does not always accomplish what he or she sets out to do,
one gains new knowledge from the attempt. (6) Taking
medication, for example. (7) Drugs have to be tested and
proven effective before being approved and dispensed.
(8) Almost all drugs go through strict testing before
approval and failing at least once. (9) Such trial and error is
behind nearly every new idea and method.
(10) The idea that success arises from failure is one of
the basic truths behind the scientific method. (11) When a
scientist collects data and forms a hypothesis, he or she
hopes that the hypothesis is correct. (12) However, a result
contradicting the educated guess can be just as welcome.
(13) Even disappointing results can increase scientific
knowledge. (14) A scientist who finds that a hypothesis is
false can then try to develop a new one based on the
information obtained.
E
29. To those of us who had heard the principal of
A
B
the high school talk about the budget, the news
C
of the staff cuts was not surprising. No error
D
30. In context, which is the best version of the underlined

portion of sentence 2 (reproduced below) ?
Although it may sound ludicrous to some, there is
much truth to it, as those who have experienced such
failures can attest.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
-38-30-
(as it is now)
to be told about it
from the source
to this sentiment
to be perceived
31. Which of the following is the best version of

sentence 3 (reproduced below) ?
34. Which of the following is the best version of the

underlined portion of sentence 8 (reproduced below) ?
To fail, one must first make an attempt.
Almost all drugs go through strict testing before

approval and failing at least once.
(A) (As it is now)

(B) To fail, you must first have been making
an attempt.
(C) In failing one must make an attempt first.
(D) First, you must make an attempt to have failed.
(E) One must make an attempt first, to fail.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
35. Which of the following is the best version of the

underlined portion of sentence 14 (reproduced below) ?
32. In context, which of the following is the best

replacement for And yet in sentence 5 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(as it is now)
approval, failing
approval; failure occurring
approval; they failed
approval but they have failed
A scientist who finds that a hypothesis is false

can then try to develop a new one based on the
information obtained.
Nevertheless
In other words
However
In contrast
Supposedly
(A) (As it is now)

(B) A scientist, finding a hypothesis is false, can have
tried to develop
(C) Finding a hypothesis as false, a scientist would try
to develop
(D) A false hypothesis can have a scientist now try to
develop
(E) Hypotheses that are false can teach a scientist;
they develop
33. In context, which of the following is the best way to

revise the underlined portion of sentences 6 and 7
(reproduced below) in order to combine the sentences?
Taking medication, for example. Drugs have to be
tested and proven effective before being approved and
dispensed.
(A) Taking medication, one sees that drugs

(B) One example is medication: drugs
(C) Take as an example medication, for instance,
drugs
(D) We see medication as one example; it shows us
that drugs
(E) Regarding medication, drugs
STOP
-39-31-
SECTION 8
Time 20 minutes
16 Questions
Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding
circle on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
1. What number increased by 3 is equal to 16 decreased

by 3 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
9
10
12
16
22
2. In the figure above, what is the value of x ?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
-32-
30
35
40
45
50
3. A survey of households in a small city showed that

there was an average (arithmetic mean) of 3.2 persons
per household and an average of 2.5 radios per household. Based on these results, if 48,000 people live in
the city, which of the following is the best estimate of
the total number of radios in the households of this
city?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
18,520
26,300
35,200
37,500
61,440
5. In the figure above, AB is a diagonal of a square (not

shown). Which of the following are the coordinates of
one point on the other diagonal of the square?
(A) 6, 6
(B) 6, 5
(C) 1, 3
(D) 1, 2
(E) 0, 0
4. If 6 x
2x
9 , what is the value of 4x ?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 6
(E) 12
6. The circle graph above shows the division of a quantity

into three parts. What is the ratio of the amount of X
to the amount of Y ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
-33-
1 to 3
2 to 3
5 to 6
5 to 9
5 to 11
7. A certain snack recipe contains only raisins, chocolate

bits, and peanuts. In the recipe, the weights of the raisins
and the chocolate bits are equal and the weight of the
peanuts is twice the weight of the raisins. How many
ounces of chocolate bits are there in 30 ounces of this
recipe?
(A) 6
(B) 7.5
(C) 9
(D) 10.5
(E) 12
9. In the rectangle above, the radius of each quarter circle

is 3. What is the area of the shaded region?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
16
16
32
60
60
3
9
9
3
9
10. Of the 26 cookies in a tin, the most common type

is oatmeal. What is the probability that a cookie
randomly selected from the tin is not oatmeal?
8. Set S consists of the positive multiples of 6 that
are less than 50, and set T consists of the positive
multiples of 8 that are less than 50. How many
numbers do sets S and T have in common?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
None
One
Two
Four
Eight
(A)
1
26
(B)
6
13
(C)
1
2
(D)
25
26
(E) It cannot be determined from the information

given.
42-34-
f ( x)
g ( x)
13. In the figure above, what is the area of ABC ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
11. According to the table above, what is the value of

f 1 g 2 ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
3
1
0
1
3
12. If the tick marks are equally spaced on the number line
above, what is the value of y ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5
6
7
8
9
-35-
2 3
4
4 3
8
8 3
15. If x and y are integers and xy x is odd, which of

the following statements must be true?
I. x is odd.
II. y is odd.
III. x + y is odd.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
I only
III only
I and II
I and III
II and III
14. Figures I and II above show two stacks of identical

pails and their heights. If n is the number of pails in
a stack and n 1, the height of the stack, in inches,
2 n 8. The number 2 in the

is given by h n
equation represents what quantity shown in Figure III ?
(A) a, the height of one pail
(B) b, the height of the overlap of two pails
(C) c, the distance between the top of one pail and the
top of the next pail in the stack
(D) d, the diameter of the bottom of each pail
(E) e, the volume of the bottom pail that remains after
the second pail is stacked on top of it
16. For how many integers n is 2n

a negative number?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
1 3n
None
One
Two
Three
Four
STOP
-44-36-
11
SECTION 9
Time 20 minutes
19 Questions
3. Some readers find the crime fiction of Patricia
Highsmith to be ------- because her protagonists are
not always punished for their -------.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Example:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
4. People did not suddenly learn to use fire, but did so

slowly over time with countless advances offset by
------- periods.
enforce . . useful
end . . divisive
(A) explosive
(B) fertile
(C) predictable
(D) contemplative
(E) regressive
5. Hoping to preserve natural habitats, conservationists
lobbied for legislation that would ------- commercial
development in these areas.
1. Unlike some entertainers whose performances rarely

vary, jazz great Louis Armstrong frequently ------during his performances, spontaneously ------- new
phrasing in existing songs.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) mandate (B) accommodate

(D) diversify
(E) arrest
(C) economize
6. Because her new job required daily attendance, Joan

was obliged to ------- her formerly ------- lifestyle as a
traveling musician.
vocalized . . eliminating
improvised . . introducing
deliberated. . satirizing
ad-libbed . . rehearsing
extemporized . . bungling
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
2. Not wanting to speak -------, Julia ------- the urge to

announce her scientific findings until she had doublechecked the data.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
unprincipled . . altruism
ethical . . malfeasance
redemptive . . temperance
immoral . . transgressions
prescriptive . . foibles
harshly . . indulged
prematurely . . suppressed
inappropriately . . acknowledged
rashly . . advanced
enthusiastically . . defined
-37-
forgo . . sedentary
perpetuate . . nomadic
glorify . . dissolute
augment . . lavish
relinquish . . itinerant
The two passages below are followed by questions based on their content and on the relationship between the two passages.
Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be
provided.
Questions 7-19 are based on the following passages.
The following passages address the issue of accuracy
in the translation of poetry. Passage 1 discusses epic
poems composed in ancient Greek and attributed to
Homer. Passage 2 considers a tenth-century poem
written in Anglo-Saxon, an early form of English.
Passage 1
Line
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
In the mid-nineteenth century, a scholar named

Francis William Newman attempted a literal translation of the works of Homer. His purpose was to
publish a translation that would contrast with the
elegance of Alexander Popes eighteenth-century
translation. Newmans book would be forgotten
today had it not been reviewed by Matthew Arnold,
one of the nineteenth centurys most famous essayists
and poets.
Newman supposed that a literal translation must be
the most faithful translation. Arnold, however, argued
that in Homers works, several qualities were to be found
clarity, nobility, simplicity, and so on. He thought that
a translator should always convey the impression of those
qualities, even in cases where the original text did not bear
them out. Arnold pointed out that a literal translation made
for oddity and for uncouthness.
For example, in the Romance languages we do not say
It is cold to describe a winters daywe say It makes
cold: Il fait froid in French, Fa freddo in Italian, and so
on. Yet I dont think anybody should translate Il fait froid
as It makes cold.
Matthew Arnold pointed out that if a text is translated
literally, then false emphases are created. I do not know
whether he came across Captain Burtons translations
of a classic Arabic language book during the same time
period. Perhaps he did, but too late to refer to it in his
remarks about translation. Burton translates the title
Quitah alif laila wa laila as Book of the Thousand
Nights and a Night, instead of Book of the Thousand
and One Nights. This translation is a literal one. Yet it
is false in the sense that the words book of the thousand
nights and a night are a common form in Arabic, while
in English we have a slight shock of surprise. And this,
of course, had not been intended by the original.
Nowadays, a hundred years after Matthew Arnold, we
are fond of literal translation; in fact, many of us accept
only literal translations because we want to give the original authors their due. That attitude would have seemed
a crime to European translators in ages past. They were
thinking of something far worthier than the individual

person. They wanted to prove that the vernacular, the
language of their contemporaries, was as capable of a
great poem as the ancient language in which the original
45 poem was composed. I dont think any contemporary of
Alexander Pope thought about Homer and Pope. I suppose that the readers, the best readers anyhow, thought
of the poem itself. They were interested in Homers two
great epic poems, and they had no care for verbal trifles.
50 All throughout the Middle Ages in Europe, people thought
of translation not in terms of a literal rendering but in terms
of something being re-created. They thought of translators
as having read a work and then somehow evolving that
work from themselves, from their own might, from the
55 known possibilities of their own languages.
Passage 2
60
65
70
75
80
85
-8
-38-
The Seafarer, translated in 1911 by Ezra Pound,

shows Pounds method of translating which, when he is so
inclined, produces not so much a translation as a new
poem in the spirit of the original. In translating The
Seafarer Pound aims to reproduce the feel of the
original by reproducing Anglo-Saxon sounds, whether
or not the modern words correspond literally to the meaning of the original words.
This way of translating offended scholars who believed
that translation must be literal to be accurate. Pound provoked their wrath by stating in print that his version of
The Seafarer was as nearly literal as any translation
could be. Obviously it is not. Where the Anglo-Saxon
has wrecan (to make, compose), Pound has reckon.
Where the Anglo-Saxon has sumeres weard (guardian
of summer), Pound has summerward. And so on.
Moreover, there are unfortunately some mistakes, as
when Pound misreads purh (through) as pruh (coffin).
Nevertheless, Pounds translation conveys the important
meaning of the Anglo-Saxon poem and does something
that a literal translation fails to do renders it into poetic
English, finding new equivalents for old emotions. This
was Pounds contribution as a translator he showed that
to translate accurately you must do more than find words
that have the same meaning as words in another language.
Literal translation sounds like no language at all. The aim
of translation is to find words that bring over the sense and
spirit of the original so that they are understood. Therefore
the translator must aim at making an equation rather than
a literal translation.
11. The statement we want . . . due (lines 38-39) refers

to the tendency to
7. The authors of the two passages are most similar

in their
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
idealization of certain ancient poets

disdain for scholarly debate
preference for ancient over modern poetry
interest in the recasting of ancient works for
modern readers
(E) emphasis on a faithful rendering of sound
when translating ancient literature
12. The European translators might argue that those

guilty of the crime (line 40) are likely to
8. The author of Passage 2 would most likely consider

which question most important in judging the quality
of Alexander Popes translation of Homer?
(A) force ancient ideas into a modern mold

(B) encourage literary accomplishment while
neglecting traditional scholarship
(C) insist that ancient poems be read only
in their original language
(D) treat authors with excessive reverence
(E) pursue commercial success rather than
artistic excellence
(A) Does it use English words to replicate the sound

of ancient Greek verse?
(B) Does it correctly reproduce the exact meaning
of each ancient Greek word?
(C) Does it satisfy the standards of modern
scholarship?
(D) Does it faithfully preserve the essence of the
original poem?
(E) Does it make archaic ways of thinking appealing
to modern readers?
13. For which of the following qualities would the

European translators (line 40) most likely praise
Pounds version of The Seafarer (Passage 2) ?
(A) Its skillful display of the beauties of modern
English
(B) Its sensitive demonstration of the original
poets genius
(C) Its faithful reproduction of Anglo-Saxon
sounds
(D) Its subtle presentation of human emotions
(E) Its imaginative interpretation of individual
words
9. Pound (Passage 2) would most likely challenge

Newmans assumption about the most faithful
translation (line 11, Passage 1) by arguing
that the
(A) ideas most prized by an ancient Greek
audience may be unfamiliar to modern
readers
(B) unique qualities of a poem go beyond the
definitions of individual words
(C) subtlety of meaning in a poem limits the
translators choice of words
(D) vision of the original poet cannot be preserved in loose translations
(E) accurate understanding of a poem requires
familiarity with its social context
14. The scholars in line 64, Passage 2, most directly

share the attitude of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
10. In line 24, false most nearly means

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
debate at length the merits of certain poets

adhere closely to the authors intended meaning
compare various translations of the same work
overlook the flaws in famous works of literature
insist that translations are superior to the originals
fictional
counterfeit
misleading
treacherous
insincere
-49-39-
the author of Passage 1

the author of Passage 2
Newman (Passage 1)
Pope (Passage 1)
Arnold (Passage 1)
17. Which of the following, referred to in Passage 1, would

the author of Passage 2 most likely cite as an illustration of something that sounds like no language at all
(line 81) ?
15. The author of Passage 2 suggests that the wrath

(line 66) of the scholars was
(A) irrational, because it ignored Pounds good
intentions
(B) meaningless, because the scholars were
not translators
(C) inevitable, because Pounds method had
attracted considerable attention
(D) genuine, because the scholars felt personally
insulted
(E) understandable, because Pounds claim could be
disputed
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Popes translation of Homer

Arnolds review of Newmans book
The translation of Il fait froid as It makes cold
The title Book of the Thousand and One Nights
Translations from the Middle Ages
18. In line 82, sense most nearly means

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
16. In lines 68-71, the author of Passage 2 provides

definitions of Anglo-Saxon words primarily in order to
(A) reinforce the idea that a word may have more
than one meaning
(B) reveal the developmental changes leading
to modern English words
(C) question an assertion put forth by Pound
(D) illustrate the thematic power of an ancient poem
(E) challenge assumptions about the sounds of the
ancient words
meaning
awareness
practicality
intelligence
appreciation
19. Both Arnold (Passage 1) and Pound (Passage 2)

assume that a good translation captures the
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
distinctive nature of the original poem

poets thoughts about the creative process
values and ideals of the poets era
sound and rhythm of the original language
subtleties of the poets reasoning
STOP
-40-
Unauthorized copying or reuse of

any part of this page is illegal.
SECTION 10
Time 10 minutes
14 Questions
2. To trap and remove large alligators greatly affected the
ecosystems of some southeast swamplands.
The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness

of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select
one of the other choices.
(A) To trap and remove large alligators

(B) Large alligators, because of having been trapped
and removed,
(C) Having trapped and removed large alligators,
(D) The trapping and removal of large alligators
(E) The large alligators, by being trapped and removed,
In making your selection, follow the requirements of

standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.
Your selection should result in the most effective
sentenceclear and precise, without awkwardness or
ambiguity.
3. Iceland, known for its colorful tales, which poetically depict the dangerous, complex lives of the
countrys earliest settlers.
(A) Iceland, known for its colorful tales, which
(B) Iceland is known for its colorful
tales, they
(C) Iceland is known for its colorful tales, which
(D) Iceland, with its colorful tales that
(E) Iceland, its colorful tales are known to
EXAMPLE:
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book
and she was sixty-five years old then.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
and she was sixty-five years old then

when she was sixty-five
at age sixty-five years old
upon the reaching of sixty-five years
at the time when she was sixty-five
4. The owners manual for the refrigerator explained how

to connect the icemaker, replacing the lightbulb, and
positioning the shelves.
(A) replacing the lightbulb, and positioning the
shelves
(B) both replacing the lightbulb as well as positioning
the shelves
(C) with replacing the lightbulb and then positioning
the shelves
(D) replace and position the lightbulb and the shelves
(E) replace the lightbulb, and position the shelves
1. As a place that is home to 131 species of fish, the

Cahaba River is flowing for 190 miles through the
heart of Alabama.
(A) As a place that is home to 131 species of fish, the
Cahaba River is flowing
(B) A place that is home to 131 species of fish, the
flow of the Cahaba River
(C) Home to 131 species of fish, the Cahaba River
flows
(D) It is a home for 131 species of fish but also the
Cahaba River flows
(E) Home to 131 species of fish, the Cahaba River,
flowing
5. Saying nothing further, the table was cleared by

the family in preparation for the evening meal.
(A) Saying nothing further, the table was cleared by
the family
(B) By saying nothing further, the family cleared the
table
(C) Nothing further was said, and the family clears the
table
(D) The family said nothing further, the table was
cleared
(E) Saying nothing further, the family cleared the
table
-52-41-

6. In his book on the Harlem Renaissance, Huggins

makes clear his determination not only to emulate his
intellectual forebears and recognizing that their
challenges were unique.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
10. Few poets combine passion with precise expression as

well as Edna St. Vincent Millays poetry.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
and recognizing that

while recognizing that
but also to recognize that
but also his recognition of how
and also to recognize how
11. In winter, when the ponds froze over, the villagers

went skating, and the most venturesome of whom
played chase and executed complicated turns on the
ice.
7. In the early eighteenth century, English poets and

painters imagined the countryside filled with shepherds
enjoying a life of leisure and drawing on natures
bounty for their sustenance.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(A) and the most venturesome of whom played chase

and executed
(B) the most venturesome played chase and executed
(C) in that the most venturesome played chase and
executed
(D) with the most venturesome playing chase and
executing
(E) accordingly the most venturesome played chase
and executed
enjoying a life of leisure and drawing

enjoying a life of leisure, and they draw
who were enjoying a life of leisure, to draw
who enjoyed a life of leisure, then they drew
they enjoyed a life of leisure to draw
8. Smallest of the copperhead snakes, the broad-banded

copperhead, if disturbed, vibrates its tail rapidly, and
they are also known to secrete a substance that smells
like cucumbers.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
12. According to journalist Howard Mansfield, a person

feels a need to reconnect with and recover the past;
therefore they preserve and endlessly recycle old
objects.
rapidly, and they are also known to secrete a

rapidly, and it is known that they secrete a
rapidly and is also known to secrete a
rapidly also secreting their
rapidly, in addition, it secretes its
(A) a person feels a need to reconnect with and

recover the past; therefore
(B) since a person feels a need to reconnect with and
recover the past,
(C) since a person needs to feel a reconnection with
and recovery of the past, therefore
(D) a need to reconnect with and recover the past is a
feeling for many people, and therefore,
(E) many people feel a need to reconnect with and
recover the past; therefore,
9. The reason Bapsi Sidhwas novels make use of humor

in addressing painful topics is that humor can both
expose wrongs and defuse anger and resentment.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Edna St. Vincent Millays poetry

Edna St. Vincent Millay
the poetry of Edna St. Vincent Millay
in the poems of Edna St. Vincent Millay
Edna St. Vincent Millay would do
that humor can both expose wrongs and defuse

it both exposed wrongs and it could defuse
because humor expose wrongs and defuse
because of it exposing wrongs and defusing
that of exposing wrongs and defusing
-53-42-

13. The Andes mountain chain, which includes some of the

Western Hemispheres highest peaks, are much more
formidable as barriers to transportation than the Rocky
Mountains are.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
14. Because European filmmaking all but shut down

during the First World War is the reason why
the film industry in the United States rose to
prominence.
(A) Because European filmmaking all but shut down
during the First World War is the reason why
(B) Because European filmmaking all but shut down
during the First World War,
(C) European filmmaking all but shut down during
the First World War,
(D) With European filmmaking close to shutting
down during the First World War, so
(E) The fact that European filmmaking nearly shut
down during the First World War
is why
are much more formidable as barriers

are barriers, and much more formidable
is a much more formidable barrier
as barriers, are much more formidable
was quite formidable and a barrier
STOP
-54-43-
Correct Answers and Difficulty Levels

Cri ti c a l R e a d i ng
Se c t i on 2
Se c t i on 5
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
B
B
D
B
D
E
D
B
B
D
A
E
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
1
2
3
5
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
D
E
E
C
A
D
B
B
C
A
D
A
Se c t i on 9
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
3
1
1
3
3
3
5
3
3
2
2
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
D
C
A
E
A
B
D
C
E
B
C
D
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
2
3
4
4
5
1
3
3
4
4
3
3
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
C
E
B
E
A
B
D
C
C
D
C
A
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
2
2
3
1
2
1
4
3
3
3
3
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
B
D
E
E
E
D
D
B
C
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
1
1
2
3
4
5
3
3
3
1
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Number correct
Number correct
Number correct
Number incorrect
Number incorrect
Number incorrect
B
D
A
C
E
C
C
A
A
3
5
5
3
5
5
3
3
3
Mathe m a ti c s
Se c t i on 3
M u lt iple - C h oic e
Quest ions
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
E
E
A
B
C
D
E
E
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
4
Number correct
Se c t i on 4
St u de n t - P r odu c e d
Response Quest ions
COR.
ANS.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
D IFF.
LEV.
4000
1
105
2/3<x<1 or .666<x<1
8
101
8.5 or 17/2
75
11
80/3, 26.6 or 26.7
Se c t i on 8
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
1
2
2
3
3
4
3
3
4
5
Number correct
(9-18)
Number incorrect
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
D
B
B
E
C
E
D
A
C
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
B
C
D
E
B
A
C
A
D
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
5
5
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
B
E
D
D
A
C
B
C
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
Number correct
Number correct
Number incorrect
Number incorrect
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
E
E
C
B
A
C
D
E
3
1
4
4
4
4
5
5
Wri ti ng Mul ti p l e - Cho i c e

Se c t i on 7
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
E
C
D
B
A
D
D
E
D
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
B
D
C
B
C
A
C
A
C
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
Se c t i on 10
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
E
D
E
B
E
B
E
D
E
3
3
4
3
3
3
5
5
5
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
A
E
D
A
B
B
B
A
5
5
4
3
5
5
3
3
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C
D
C
E
E
1
1
2
2
2
Number correct
Number correct
Number incorrect
Number incorrect
NOTE : Difficulty levels are estimates of question difficulty for a reference group of college-bound seniors.
Difficulty levels range from 1 (easiest) to 5 (hardest).
-44-
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C
A
C
A
B
2
2
3
3
3
CO R. D IFF.
ANS. LEV.
11.
12.
13.
14.
D
E
C
B
3
3
3
4
The Scoring Process

1. Scanning. Your answer sheet is scanned electronically, and the circle you filled in for each question
is recorded in a computer file.
2. Scoring. The computer compares the circle filled in for each question with the correct response.
Each correct answer receives one point.

Omitted questions do not count toward your score.
One-fourth of a point is subtracted for each wrong answer to multiple-choice questions. No
points are subtracted for wrong answers to the student-produced response mathematics questions.
Example:
The critical reading section, for example, has 67 questions with five answer choices each. If you
have 37 right, 28 wrong, and 2 omitted, the resulting raw score of 30 is determined as follows:
37 28 (1/4) = 37 7 = 30
If the raw score is a fractional number, it is rounded to the nearest whole number. For example,
a raw score of 36.25 is rounded to 36, the nearest whole number. A raw score of 36.50 is
rounded upward to 37.
3. Essay scoring. Using the scoring guide shown on page 50, experienced, trained high school and
college faculty score the essay. Each essay is read independently by two readers who rate it on a scale
of 1 to 6. (If the two scores differ by more than one point, a third reader scores the essay.) The two
readers scores are added together, and the essay subscore is reported on a scale of 2 to 12. The essay
section is worth approximately 30 percent of the raw score, and the multiple-choice writing section
counts for approximately 70 percent.
4. Converting raw scores to scaled scores. Raw scores are then placed on the scale of 200800
through a process that adjusts scores to account for minor differences in difficulty among different
editions of the test. This process, known as equating, is performed so that a students reported score
is not affected by the edition of the test taken or by the abilities of the group with whom the student
takes the test. As a result of placing SAT scores on the College Board scale, scores earned by students
at different times can be compared. For example, an SAT mathematics score of 400 on a test taken at
one administration indicates the same level of developed mathematics ability as a 400 score obtained
on a different edition of the test taken at another time.
-45-
SAT Essay Scoring Guide

SCORE OF 6
An essay in this category demonstrates
clear and consistent mastery, although
it may have a few minor errors. A
typical essay
SCORE OF 5
reasonably consistent mastery,
although it will have occasional errors
or lapses in quality. A typical essay
effectively and insightfully develops

a point of view on the issue and
demonstrates outstanding critical
thinking, using clearly appropriate
examples, reasons, and other
evidence to support its position
effectively develops a point of view

on the issue and demonstrates
strong critical thinking, generally
using appropriate examples,
reasons, and other evidence to
support its position
is well organized and clearly

focused, demonstrating clear
coherence and smooth progression
of ideas
is well organized and focused,

demonstrating coherence and
progression of ideas
exhibits skillful use of language,

using a varied, accurate, and apt
vocabulary
demonstrates meaningful variety in
sentence structure
is free of most errors in grammar,
usage, and mechanics
exhibits facility in the use of

language, using appropriate
vocabulary
demonstrates variety in sentence
structure
SCORE OF 4
adequate mastery, although it will
have lapses in quality. A typical essay
develops a point of view on the
issue and demonstrates competent
critical thinking, using adequate
examples, reasons, and other
is generally organized and focused,
demonstrating some coherence and
progression of ideas
exhibits adequate but inconsistent
facility in the use of language, using
generally appropriate vocabulary
demonstrates some variety in
sentence structure
has some errors in grammar, usage,
and mechanics
is generally free of most errors in

grammar, usage, and mechanics
SCORE OF 3
developing mastery, and is marked by
ONE OR MORE of the following
weaknesses:
SCORE OF 2
little mastery, and is flawed by ONE
OR MORE of the following
weaknesses:
SCORE OF 1
very little or no mastery, and is
severely flawed by ONE OR MORE of
the following weaknesses:

issue, demonstrating some critical
thinking, but may do so
inconsistently or use inadequate
examples, reasons, or other

issue that is vague or seriously
limited, and demonstrates weak
critical thinking, providing
inappropriate or insufficient
examples, reasons, or other
develops no viable point of view on

the issue, or provides little or no
is limited in its organization or

focus, or may demonstrate some
lapses in coherence or progression
of ideas
is poorly organized and/or focused,

or demonstrates serious problems
with coherence or progression of
ideas
displays developing facility in the

use of language, but sometimes uses
weak vocabulary or inappropriate
word choice
displays very little facility in the use

of language, using very limited
vocabulary or incorrect word choice
lacks variety or demonstrates

problems in sentence structure
demonstrates frequent problems in

sentence structure
contains an accumulation of errors

in grammar, usage, and mechanics
contains errors in grammar, usage,

and mechanics so serious that
meaning is somewhat obscured
Essays not written on the essay assignment will receive a score of zero.
-6-46-
is disorganized or unfocused,
resulting in a disjointed or
incoherent essay
displays fundamental errors in
vocabulary
demonstrates severe flaws in
sentence structure
contains pervasive errors in
grammar, usage, or mechanics that
persistently interfere with meaning
Scoring Worksheet for

How many multiple-choice mathematics questions did you get wrong?

Section 3: Questions 18
___________
Section 4: Questions 120 + ___________

From your responses on your QAS report, fill in the blanks below
and do the calculations to get your critical reading, mathematics,
and writing raw scores. Use the tables on the following pages to
find your scaled scores.

Total = ___________
0.25 = ___________(B)
Get Your Critical Reading Score
A B = ___________
Mathematics Raw Score
How many critical reading questions did you get right?

___________
Round the mathematics raw score to the nearest whole number.

Total = ___________(A)
Use the table on page 52 to find your mathematics scaled score.
How many critical reading questions did you get wrong?

___________
Get Your Writing Score
How many multiple-choice writing questions did you get right?
Total = ___________
0.25 = ___________(B)
___________

Total = ___________(A)
A B = ___________
Critical Reading
Raw Score
How many multiple-choice writing questions did you get wrong?

Round the critical reading raw score to the nearest

whole number.
___________

Total = ___________
0.25 = ___________(B)
Use the table on page 52 to find your critical reading scaled score.
A B = ___________
Writing Multiple-Choice
Raw Score
Round the writing multiple-choice raw score to the nearest whole
number.
Get Your Mathematics Score

How many mathematics questions did you get right?
(C)
___________
Use the table on page 52 to find your writing multiple-choice

scaled score.
Section 8 : Questions 116 + ___________

Total = ___________(A)
Copy your essay score from your QAS report.

(D)
Use the appropriate writing composite table (pages 53 55) for your
form code and look up your writing multiple-choice raw score (C)
and your essay score (D) to find your writing composite scaled score.
-6
-47-
SAT Score Conversion Table

Raw
Sc or e
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
Critical
Re a di n g
Sc a l e d
Sc or e
800
800
800
780
760
750
730
720
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
630
620
610
600
600
590
580
580
570
560
560
550
540
540
530
520
520
510
510
Math
Sc a l e d
Sc or e
Writing
M u l t i pl e C h oi c e
Sc a l e d
Sc or e
800
790
760
740
720
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
620
610
600
590
580
570
570
560
550
80
80
77
75
73
71
69
68
66
65
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
Raw
Sc or e
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
and
below
Critical
Re a di n g
Sc a l e d
Sc or e
500
490
490
480
470
470
460
460
450
440
440
430
420
420
410
400
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
280
270
250
230
210
200
200
Math
Sc a l e d
Sc or e
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
310
300
290
270
250
230
210
200
This table is for use only with the test in this booklet.
-6-48-
Writing
M u l t i pl e C h oi c e
Sc a l e d
Sc or e
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
28
27
25
23
21
20
20
SAT Writing Composite Score Conversion Table

Form Code DECL
Writing MC
Raw Score
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
and below
12
800
800
800
800
780
770
750
740
730
720
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
630
620
610
600
600
590
580
570
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
440
430
420
410
400
380
370
350
330
310
11
800
800
800
790
770
750
740
730
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
640
630
620
610
600
600
590
580
570
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
410
400
380
370
350
330
310
300
10
800
800
790
770
750
740
720
710
700
680
670
660
650
640
630
630
620
610
600
590
590
580
570
560
560
550
540
530
530
520
510
500
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
400
390
380
370
350
330
320
300
280
9
800
800
770
750
730
720
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
620
610
600
590
580
580
570
560
550
550
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
330
320
300
280
270
8
790
780
750
730
710
690
680
660
650
640
630
620
610
600
590
580
570
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
420
410
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
340
320
310
290
270
250
240
Es s ay Raw Score
7
6
770
750
750
740
730
710
700
690
690
670
670
650
660
640
640
620
630
610
620
600
610
590
600
580
590
570
580
560
570
550
560
540
550
530
540
530
540
520
530
510
520
500
510
490
510
490
500
480
490
470
480
460
480
460
470
450
460
440
450
430
450
430
440
420
430
410
420
410
420
400
410
390
400
380
390
380
390
370
380
360
370
350
360
340
350
340
350
330
340
320
320
310
310
290
300
280
290
270
270
250
250
230
230
210
220
200
5
740
720
690
670
650
640
620
610
600
580
570
560
550
540
530
530
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
400
390
380
370
370
360
350
340
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
250
230
220
200
200
-6-49-
4
730
710
680
660
640
620
610
600
580
570
560
550
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
290
280
270
250
240
220
200
200
200
3
710
690
670
640
630
610
600
580
570
560
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
420
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
330
320
310
300
290
290
280
270
250
240
230
210
200
200
200
2
700
680
650
630
610
590
580
570
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
290
290
280
270
260
250
240
220
210
200
200
200
200
0
690
670
640
620
600
590
570
560
550
530
520
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
290
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
200
200
200
200
200

Form Code EWCL
Writing MC
Raw Score
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
and below
12
800
800
800
800
790
770
750
740
730
720
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
640
630
620
610
600
600
590
580
570
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
450
440
430
420
410
400
380
370
350
330
320
11
800
800
800
790
770
750
740
730
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
640
630
620
610
600
600
590
580
570
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
410
400
380
370
350
330
320
300
10
800
800
790
770
750
730
720
710
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
620
620
610
600
590
580
580
570
560
550
550
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
390
380
360
350
330
310
300
280
9
800
800
770
750
730
720
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
620
610
600
590
580
580
570
560
550
550
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
330
320
300
280
260
8
800
780
750
730
710
690
680
670
650
640
630
620
610
600
590
580
580
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
420
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
350
340
320
310
290
270
250
240
Es s ay Raw Score
7
6
770
750
750
740
730
710
700
690
690
670
670
650
660
640
640
630
630
610
620
600
610
590
600
580
590
570
580
560
570
550
560
540
550
530
540
530
540
520
530
510
520
500
510
500
510
490
500
480
490
470
480
470
480
460
470
450
460
440
450
440
450
430
440
420
430
410
420
410
420
400
410
390
400
380
390
380
390
370
380
360
370
350
360
350
350
340
350
330
340
320
330
310
310
300
300
280
290
270
270
250
250
230
230
210
220
200
5
740
720
690
670
650
640
620
610
600
580
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
400
390
380
370
370
360
350
340
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
250
230
220
200
200
-6-50-
4
730
710
680
660
640
620
610
600
580
570
560
550
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
290
280
270
250
240
220
200
200
200
3
710
690
670
650
630
610
600
580
570
560
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
420
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
330
320
310
300
290
290
280
270
250
240
230
210
200
200
200
2
700
680
650
630
610
600
580
570
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
450
450
440
430
420
420
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
330
320
310
300
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
220
210
200
200
200
200
0
690
670
640
620
600
580
570
560
540
530
520
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
400
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
290
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
210
200
200
200
200
200

Form Code FFCA
Writing MC
Raw Score
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
and below
12
800
800
800
790
770
750
740
730
720
700
690
680
670
660
660
650
640
630
620
620
610
600
590
590
580
570
560
560
550
540
530
530
520
510
510
500
490
480
480
470
460
450
440
440
430
410
400
390
380
360
340
320
310
11
800
800
790
770
750
740
720
710
700
690
680
670
660
650
640
630
620
610
610
600
590
580
580
570
560
550
550
540
530
530
520
510
500
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
400
390
380
360
340
330
310
290
10
800
800
780
760
740
720
710
700
680
670
660
650
640
630
620
610
610
600
590
580
580
570
560
550
550
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
400
390
380
370
360
340
330
310
290
280
9
800
790
760
740
720
710
690
680
670
660
640
630
630
620
610
600
590
580
570
570
560
550
540
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
400
390
380
370
360
340
330
310
290
280
260
8
780
770
740
720
700
680
670
660
650
630
620
610
600
590
590
580
570
560
550
550
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
370
370
360
350
330
320
310
290
270
250
240
Es s ay Raw Score
7
6
770
750
750
730
720
700
700
680
680
670
670
650
650
640
640
620
630
610
610
600
600
590
590
580
580
570
580
560
570
550
560
540
550
530
540
530
530
520
530
510
520
500
510
500
500
490
500
480
490
470
480
470
470
460
470
450
460
440
450
440
450
430
440
420
430
410
420
410
420
400
410
390
400
390
390
380
390
370
380
360
370
360
360
350
360
340
350
330
340
320
330
310
310
300
300
290
290
270
270
260
250
240
230
220
220
200
5
730
720
690
670
650
630
620
610
590
580
570
560
550
540
530
530
520
510
500
490
490
480
470
460
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
240
220
200
200
-6-51-
4
720
700
680
650
640
620
610
590
580
570
560
550
540
530
520
510
510
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
420
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
240
230
210
200
200
3
710
690
660
640
620
610
590
580
570
560
540
530
520
520
510
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
390
380
370
360
360
350
340
330
330
320
310
300
300
290
280
270
250
240
230
210
200
200
200
2
690
670
640
620
610
590
580
560
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
440
430
420
410
410
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
350
340
330
330
320
310
300
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
210
200
200
200
200
0
680
660
640
620
600
580
570
550
540
530
520
510
500
490
480
470
470
460
450
440
430
430
420
410
400
400
390
380
380
370
360
350
350
340
330
320
320
310
300
300
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
200
200
200
200
200
This is a copy of the answer sheet provided to you on the day you tested.
I prefer NOT to grant the College Board the right to use, reproduce, or publish my essay for any purpose
beyond the assessment of my writing skills, even though my name will not be used in any way in conjunction
with my essay. I understand that I am free to mark this circle with no effect on my score.
IMPORTANT: Use a No. 2 PENCIL. Do NOT write outside the border!
Words written outside the essay box or written in ink WILL NOT APPEAR in the copy
sent to be scored, and your score will be affected.
-52-
--6-53-

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Form Codes DECL, EWCL, FFCA

January 2008 Administration

Copyright 2002, 2004 College Entrance Examination Board. All rights

Not for reproduction and resale.

Turn to page 2 of your answer sheet to write your ESSAY.

BEGIN WRITING YOUR ESSAY ON PAGE 2 OF THE ANSWER SHEET.

Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank

Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed

2. Marketing firms rely heavily on ------- information:

3. Electing not to stay in subordinate positions in large

6. The critic noted that the ------- tone that characterizes

1. Women in the United States gained ------- long after

5. Because all members of this organization are

Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages.

(A) describe a typical days work on a scientific

11. The experience described in Passage 2 most directly

12. The author of Passage 1 would most likely respond to

9. Both passages support which generalization about

Questions 13-24 are based on the following passage.

Sailing at night in luminescent seas is something

colors wont do. Others use lights to attract prey, like

13. The passage as a whole is best characterized as

19. In line 25, the author most likely mentions

14. In line 2, given most nearly means

(A) explain why they are luminescent

15. The phrase ghost along (line 3) primarily serves

16. In line 7, adapted most nearly means

are confused by the lights

21. In line 29, the author describes the copepods

is rarely seen in aquatic animals

18. The question in lines 17-19 (Isnt it . . . nothing?)

a hypothesis is most likely accurate

24. A submarine recharging its batteries at the surface

23. The luminescence of Malacosteus (line 50) differs

is only possible in deep water

crab temporarily outside of its protective shell

NOTE: The reading passages in this test are brief excerpts

2. Ms. Stevens will purchase 2 pens and 1 notebook

1. Which of the following is NOT a factor of

3. In the figure above, ABDE is a parallelogram and

4. Five students sold candy bars for a total of $400 over

7. In the xy-plane, a line contains the points 4, 2 ,

4, what is the value

y, what does x 4 equal in terms of y ?

6. The first six terms of a sequence are shown above. The

10. In the xy-coordinate plane, point 1, 4 is on the

9. If the digit 2 in the number above is replaced by the

11. In the figure above, ABD is isosceles, and BCD is

12. If 0 < 3x 2 < 1, what is one possible value for x ?

14. The figure above represents a stretch of fencing that is

17. A fitness center purchased a number of exercise

15. The figure above shows the graph of a quadratic

18. A car traveled 10 miles at an average speed of

16. In the figure above, || m. What is the value of y ?

2, what is the value

2. A store will print an order of shirts with a special

3. Point M is the midpoint of AB. Points C and D are

5, what is the length AD ?

6. For each of 5 kinds of food, the graph above shows the