1. Wi-Fi
The document discusses network addressing and connecting devices. It defines an IP address as a unique number used to identify devices on a network. IP addresses are made up of four octets that can range from 0-255. The class of an IP address, which is determined by the value of the first octet, dictates its default subnet mask. The document also describes different types of wired and wireless transmission media used to connect devices, such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and Wi-Fi.
1. Wi-Fi
The document discusses network addressing and connecting devices. It defines an IP address as a unique number used to identify devices on a network. IP addresses are made up of four octets that can range from 0-255. The class of an IP address, which is determined by the value of the first octet, dictates its default subnet mask. The document also describes different types of wired and wireless transmission media used to connect devices, such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and Wi-Fi.
1. Wi-Fi
The document discusses network addressing and connecting devices. It defines an IP address as a unique number used to identify devices on a network. IP addresses are made up of four octets that can range from 0-255. The class of an IP address, which is determined by the value of the first octet, dictates its default subnet mask. The document also describes different types of wired and wireless transmission media used to connect devices, such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and Wi-Fi.
1. Wi-Fi
The document discusses network addressing and connecting devices. It defines an IP address as a unique number used to identify devices on a network. IP addresses are made up of four octets that can range from 0-255. The class of an IP address, which is determined by the value of the first octet, dictates its default subnet mask. The document also describes different types of wired and wireless transmission media used to connect devices, such as twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and Wi-Fi.
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TOPIC 1: Network Addresses
Network (IP) Address
3.
Internet Protocol (IP) Address
the number used to uniquely identify a
device on the network consist of four sections each section is 8 bits long Each section can range from 0 to 255 Example: 10.1.1.1
4.
5.
1st Octet Decimal Range: 128191
1st Octet High Order Bits: 10 Class C used for small networks 1st Octet Decimal Range: 192223 1st Octet High Order Bits: 110 Class D used specifically for multicasting 1st Octet Decimal Range: 224239 1st Octet High Order Bits: 1110 Class E used for experimental testing 1st Octet Decimal Range: 240254 1st Octet High Order Bits: 1111
How to check if an IP address is valid for
commercial use? IPv4 vs IPv6
IPv4 is 32-bit long: 4 sections and
each sections is 8 bits. 4 x 8 = 32 IPv6 is 128-bit long: 8 sections and each sections is 16 bits. 8 x 16 = 128
If each section is separated by dots:
o Invalid: 128-35-0-72 If first or last octet is greater than 0 and less than 255. o Invalid: 150.100.24.255 No leading zeroes: o Invalid: 111.56.045.78 Out of Range: o Invalid: 75.45.301.14 Non-Commercial: Class D, Class E and Reserved IPs. o Invalid: 224.156.217.73 o Invalid: 127.34.25.189
How to determine the class of an IP address?
Five Classes of IP Addresses:
1.
2.
Class A used for governments or large networks 1st Octet Decimal Range: 1-126 1st Octet High Order Bits: 0 Class B used for medium-sized companies
If the 1st Octet ranges from 1-126, it is
Class A. o Ex. 123.1.1.15 (first octet 123 is within 1 126 range)
If the 1st Octet ranges from 128-191, it
is Class B. o Ex. 150.127.221.224 (first octet 150 is within 128 - 191 range)
If the 1st Octet ranges from 192-223, it
is Class C. o Ex. 194.125.35.199 (first octet 194 is within 192 223 range)
If the 1st Octet ranges from 224-239, it
is Class D. o Ex. 224.156.217.73 (first octet 150 is within 224 239 range)
If the 1st Octet ranges from 240-254, it
is Class E. o Ex. 243.143.252.207 (first octet 243 is within 240 254 range)
Subnetting and Subnet Masks
Subnetting
process of dividing a network into
smaller network sections
Solution: Determine the Class.
1st Octet 126 is in the range 1-126 which means it is Class A. Therefore, the default subnet mask is 255.0.0.0. DHCP and DNS Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
protocol that automatically assigns IP
addresses to the clients in a computer network
Subnet Mask
property used to set or assign a logical
network within a network
a subnet mask allows users to identify
which part of an IP address is reserved for the network and which part is available for host use.
for two computers to communicate,
they should be in the same subnetwork.
Domain Name Server (DNS)
responsible for mapping
out and
navigating hosts on the
Internet based on names
Default Subnet Masks:
255.0.0.0 Class A; the first octet is
the network portion. 255.255.0.0 Class B; the first two octets are the network portion. 255.255.255.0 Class C; the first three octets are the network portion
TOPIC 2: Connecting Devices
Transmission Media
How to determine the Default Subnet Mask of
an IP address?
First, determine the Class (A, B, or C)
of the IP address. Class A = 255.0.0.0. Class B = 255.255.0.0 Class C = 255.255.255.0
Example: 1.
Given the IP address 126.123.23.1,
determine its default subnet mask.
Wired 1. Twisted Pair Cable most commonly used transmission medium composed of four pairs of wires twisted to protect against crosstalk can either be Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) or Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
2.
Coaxial
solid-
Cable composed of a core copper 3. Fiber Optic Cable digital data signals are carried in the form of modulated pulses of light
