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    What Is A Surge Tank

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    Hari R
    A surge tank is a water storage device used in hydropower systems to neutralize excess pressure rises and drops. It protects the conveyance system from high pressures by storing water during increases in flow. Surge tanks are typically located near the powerhouse and at points where flat and steep sections of the conveyance system meet. Common types include simple, gallery, inclined, restricted orifice, and differential surge tanks, which vary in their design and use of features like expansion chambers, inclines, throttles, and internal risers to dissipate pressure changes.

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    What Is A Surge Tank

    Uploaded by

    Hari R
    696 views5 pages
    A surge tank is a water storage device used in hydropower systems to neutralize excess pressure rises and drops. It protects the conveyance system from high pressures by storing water during increases in flow. Surge tanks are typically located near the powerhouse and at points where flat and steep sections of the conveyance system meet. Common types include simple, gallery, inclined, restricted orifice, and differential surge tanks, which vary in their design and use of features like expansion chambers, inclines, throttles, and internal risers to dissipate pressure changes.

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    What is a Surge Tank

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    What is a Surge Tank

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    A surge tank is a water storage device used in hydropower systems to neutralize excess pressure rises and drops. It protects the conveyance system from high pressures by storing water during increases in flow. Surge tanks are typically located near the powerhouse and at points where flat and steep sections of the conveyance system meet. Common types include simple, gallery, inclined, restricted orifice, and differential surge tanks, which vary in their design and use of features like expansion chambers, inclines, throttles, and internal risers to dissipate pressure changes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    696 views5 pages

    What Is A Surge Tank

    Uploaded by

    Hari R
    A surge tank is a water storage device used in hydropower systems to neutralize excess pressure rises and drops. It protects the conveyance system from high pressures by storing water during increases in flow. Surge tanks are typically located near the powerhouse and at points where flat and steep sections of the conveyance system meet. Common types include simple, gallery, inclined, restricted orifice, and differential surge tanks, which vary in their design and use of features like expansion chambers, inclines, throttles, and internal risers to dissipate pressure changes.

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    The key takeaways are that surge tanks are used in hydropower systems to resist excess pressure changes and come in different types like simple, gallery, inclined, restricted orifice, and differential tanks.

    The main functions of a surge tank are to protect the conduit system from high pressures, help regulate the hydraulic turbine, and store water to raise pressure during drops.

    The different types of surge tanks described are simple, gallery, inclined, restricted orifice, and differential tanks.

    What is a Surge Tank?

    Surge tank is a water storage device used as pressure neutralizer in hydropower water
    conveyance system to resists excess pressure rise and pressure drop conditions.

    Functions of Surge Tanks


    The important functions of surge tank are as follows

    It should Protects the conduit system from high internal pressures.

    It should help the hydraulic turbine regarding its regulation characteristics.

    It should store the water to raise the pressure in pressure drop conditions.

    Location of Surge Tanks


    The location of surge tank is also important to produce better results. It should be located in
    such a way that

    Surge tanks are located near to the power house to reduce length of penstocks.

    No limitations regarding surge tank height.


    Location at which flat sloped conduit and steep sloped penstock meets.

    Types of Surge Tanks


    Various types of surge tanks used in the hydropower water conveyance system are as follows.

    Simple surge tank

    Gallery type surge tank

    Inclined surge tank

    Restricted orifice surge tank

    Differential surge tank

    Simple Surge Tank

    A simple surge tank is like vertical pipe which is connected in between penstock and turbine
    generator. These are constructed with greater height and supports are also provided to hold
    the tank. Whenever the water flow suddenly increased the water is collected in the surge tank
    and neutralize the pressure.

    Top of the surge tank is opened to atmosphere If surge tank is filled completely then it
    overflows to maintain the pressure neutralization.

    Gallery Type Surge Tank


    Gallery type surge tank consists extra storage galleries in it. These storage galleries are also
    called as expansion chambers. So, gallery type surge tank can also be called as expansion
    chamber type surge tanks.

    These expansion chambers are generally provided at below and above the surge levels. Below
    surge level chambers are used to storage excess water in it and released when it is required or
    there is a brief drop in pressure. Upper surge level chambers are used to absorb the excess
    pressure.

    Inclined Surge Tank

    In case of inclined surge tank, the surge tank is provide with some inclination. It is provided
    when there is a limit in height of tank. By providing inclined surge tank the overflowed water
    under excess pressure is entered into inclined tank and pressure destroyed.

    Restricted Orifice Surge Tank

    Restricted orifice consists an orifice between pipeline and surge tank. This orifice is also
    called as throttle so, it is also called as throttled surge tank. This throttle or orifice have very
    small diameter.

    If the water overflows it should enter into the surge tank through this orifice. Because of
    small diameter frictional losses will developed and excess pressure in main pipe line is
    destroyed. This will creates quickly a retarding or accelerating head in the conduit. To reduce
    the water hammer effect, diameter of orifice should be well designed for full rejection of load
    by the turbine.

    Differential Surge Tank

    In case of differential surge tank, an internal riser is fixed in the tank. This riser have very
    small diameter through which water enters into the riser when it overflows. The riser also
    contains annular ports at its lower end.
    These ports help the flow into or out of the tank. So, the excess pressure is destroyed by
    internal riser of surge tank and storage of water is done by outer tank. So, it is called as
    differential surge tank.

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