The Comic Latin Grammar

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THE COMIC
LATIN GRAMMAR;
iriô^sfnajeBftsr n
fl neto anD facetiousllnttoOucttou
CO
."_3
"Z'i LATIN TONGUE.
WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.
THE SECOND EDITION.
5 * t-
r
LONDON:
/
CHARLES TILT, FLEET STREET.

Fff
1S4O
COE, PRINTER,
27, PAUL'S.
OLD CHANGE, ST.
ADVERTISEMENT
TO THE SECOND EDITION.
The Author of this little work cannot allow a second
edition of it to
go
forth to the world, unaccompanied
by a
few words of apology, he being desirous of
imitating, in
every respect, the example of guished
distin-
writers.
He begs that so much as the consciousness of
being answerable for a great deal of nonsense, ally

usu-
prompts a man to in the hope of disarming

say,
criticism, may
be considered to have been said
already. But he particularly requests that tlie
want of additions to his book be excused and

may ;
ADVERTISEMENT.
pleads, in arrest of judgment, his numerous and
absorbing avocations.
Wishing to atone as much as possible for this
deficiency,and prevailed upon by the importunity

of his friends, he has allowed a portraitof himself,
by that eminent artist, Mr. John Leech, to whom
he is indebted for the embellishments, and very
probably for the sale of the book, to be presented,
facingthe title-page,to the public.
Here again he has been influenced by the wish
to comply Avith the requisitionsof custom, and the
disinclination to appear odd, whimsical, or peculiar.
On the admirable sketch itself, bare justice
requires that he should speak somewhat in detail.
The likeness he is told, he fears by too partial
admirers, is excellent. The principle on which it
has been executed, that of investing with an ideal
magnitude, the proportions of nature, is plainly,

from what we observe in heroic poetry, painting,
and sculpture,the soul itself of the superhuman

ADVERTISEMENT.
and sublime. Of the justnessof the metaphorical
compliment implied in the delineation of the head,
it is not for the author to speak ; of its exquisite-
ness and delicacy,his sense is too strong for expres-

sion.
The habitual pensiveness of the elevated
eyebrows, mingled with the momentary gaiety of
the rest of the countenance, is one of the most cessful

suc-
points in the picture, and is as tiue to
nature as it is indicative of art.
The Author's tailor, though there are certain
reasons why his name should not appear in print,

desires to express his obligationto the talented
artist for the favourable impression which,

very
without prejudice to truth, has been given to the
public of his skill. The ease so conspicuous in the
management of the surtout, and the thought so
remarkable in the treatment of the trousers, fully
warrant his admiration and gratitude.
Too great praisecannot be bestowed on the boots,
considered with reference to art, though in this
respect the Author is quite sensible that both him-

ADVERTISEMENT.
self and the maker ol' their originals have been
greatly flattered. He is also perfectly aware that
there is a degree of neatness, elegance, and spirit
ill the tie of the cravat, to which he has in reality
never yet been able to attain.
In conclusion, he is much gratified by the taste
displayed in furnishing him with so

handsome a
walking stick and he assures

all whom it
; may
that the hint thus bestowed will not be lost

concern,
him for he intends immediately to relinquish

upon ;
the large oaken cudgel which he has hitherto been
accustomed to and to in
carry, appear, every
respect, to the present generation, such as

he will
descend to posterity.
PREFACE.
A GREAT book, says an old proverb, is a great evil;

and a great preface, says a new one, is a great
bore. It is not, therefore, our intention to expatiate
largely on the present occasion ; especially since a
long discourse prefixed to a small volume, is like a
forty-eight pounder at the door of a pig- stye. We
should as soon think of erecting the Nelson rial

Memo-
in front of Buckingham Palace. Indeed, were
it not to show some kind of respect to

necessary
fashion, we should hasten at once into the midst of
things, instead of trespassing on the patience of
readers, and possibly, trifling Avith their time.

our
We should not like to be kept waiting at a Lord
Mayor's feast by a long description of the bill of
fare. Our preface, however, shall at least have
the merit of novelty ; is shall be candid.
This book, like the razors in Dr. Wolcot's story,

is made to sell. This last word has a rather vocal
equi-
meaning "
but we scorn to blot, otherwise we
should to be sold. An article offered for sale

say
nevertheless, be worth buying ; and it is

may,
that the resemblance between the aforesaid

hoped
A 2
4 PREFACE.
and this our production,does not extend to

razors,
the respective57m;7;"e55 of the commodities. The
razors proved scarcely worth a farthing to the
clown who bought them for eighteen-pence, and

were fit to shave nothing but the beard of an oyster.
We trust that the "
Comic Latin Grammar" will
be found to cut, now and then, rather better, at
least, than that comes to ; and that it will reward
the purchaser, at rate, with his pennyworth

any
for his by its genuine bona fide contents.
penny,
There works, the of which contain
are many pages
a good deal of useful matter "

sometimes in the
shape of an ounce of tea or a pound of butter : we
venture to indulge the expectation,that these latter
additions to the value of our own, will be considered
unnecessary.
Perhaps we should have adopted the title of
"
Latin in sport made learningin earnest" "
which
would give a tolerable idea of the nature of our
undertaking. The doctrine, it is true, may bear
the same relation to the lighter matter, that the
bread in Falstaff's private account did to the liquor;

though if we have given our reader "
a deal of sack,"
Ave wish it may not be altogether "intolerable.''

Latin, however, is a great deal less like bread, to
most boys, than it is like physic ; especiallyanti-

mony,
ipecacuanha, and similar medicines. It
therefore,
"ought, to be given in something palatable.
PREFACE. O
and capable of causing it to be retained by the "
mind "
in what physicianscall a pleasantvehicle.
This we have endeavoured to invent "
and if we
have disguised the flavour of the drugs without
destroying their virtues, we shall have entirely

accomplished our design. There are a few cularly
parti-
nasty pills,draughts, and boluses, which
we could find no means of sweetening; and with
which, on that account, we have not attempted to

meddle. For these omissions we must request
some little indulgence. Our performance is fessedly

con-
imperfect,but be it remembered, that
"
Men rather do their broken weapons use,
Than their bare hands."
The "
Comic Latin Grammar" can, certainly,
never be called an imposition,as another Latin
Grammar frequently is. We remember having

had the whole of it to learn at school, besides being
" no matter what "
for pinning a cracker to the
master's coat-tail. The above hint is worthy the
attention of boys ; nor will the following,probably^

be thrown away upon school-masters, particularly
such as reside in the north of England. "
Laugh
and fat," is an ancient and a true maxim.
grow
Now, will not the "
Comic Latin Grammar," (like
Scotch marmalade and Yarmouth bloaters)form a
"
desirable addition" to the breakfast of the young
K 3
6 PREFACE.
gentlemen entrusted to their care

1 We dare not
much of its superseding the use

of the cane, as
say
hold all old established customs in the utmost

we
and and, besides, have wish

reverence respect; no
to deprive one
of innocent amusement. We
any
would only that flagellation is

suggest, now some-
limes and that whatever tends to render

necessary,
it optional now and then, save

trouble.
may,
One word in conclusion. The march of intellect
is not confined to the male sex

the fairer part of
;
the creation are now augmenting by their numbers,
and adorning by their countenance, the scientific
and literary train. But the path of learning is
sometimes too rugged for their tender feet. We
pretend not to strew it for them with roses ; we are
not poetically given "

nay, we cannot even promise
them Brussels but if plain minster

Kidder-
a carpet ; "
a
will serve
their turn, we
here display one
for their accommodation, that thus smoothly and
pleasantly they make their safe ascent to the

may
temple of Minerva and the Muses.

INTRODUCTION.
Very little introductory matter would probably be
sufficient to place the rising generation on terms of
the most perfect familiarity with a

"
Comic Latin
Grammar." To the elder and middle-aged portion

of the community, however, the notion of such
very
a work seem in the highest degree terous

prepos-
may
;
if not indicative of a degree of presumptuous
irreverence on the part of the author little short of
literary high treason, if not commensurate, in point

of moral delinquency, with the same crime as
defined by the common law of England. It is out
of consideration for the praiseworthy, though
perhaps erroneous, feelings of such respectable

that we proceed to make the following
personages,
preliminary remarks; wherein it will be our object,
by demonstrating the necessity which exists for
such a publication as the present, to exonerate
ourselves from all blame the of its

on score duction.
pro-
When we consider the of civilization

progress
and refinement, we find that all have in turn

ages
8 INTRODUCTION.
been characterized by some one distinctive liarity

pecu-
other. To nothing of the Golden
or say
Age, the Silver Age, the Iron Age, and so forth,
which, with all possible respect for the poets, can
scarcely be said to be worth much in a grave
argument ; it is quite clear that the Augustan Age,

the Middle Ages, the Elizabethan Age, and the
Age of Queen Anne, were all of them very ferent,

dif-
one from the other, in regard to the peculiar

tone of feelingwhich distinguishedthe public mind
in each of them. In like manner, the present
(which will hereafter probably be called the torian
Vic-
Age) is very unlike all that have preceded

it. It may be termed the Age of Comicality.
Not but that some traces of comic feeling,inherent
as it is in the very nature of man, have not at all
times been more or less observable ; but it is only

of late years that the ludicrous of
capabilities the
human mind have expanded in their fullest vigour.

Comicalityhas heretofore been evinced only, as it
were, in isolated sparks and flashes,instead of that
full blaze of meridian splendour which now pervades

the entire mechanism of society,and illuminates all
the transactions of life. Thus in the Golden Age,

there was something comical in human
very tures
crea-
eating acorns, like pigs. The Augustan Age

was comical enough, if we trust some of
may
Horace's satires. Much comicality was displayed
INTRODUCTION.
in the Middle Ages, in the proceedings of the
knights errant, the doings in Palestine, and the
mode adopted by the priestsof inculcatingreligion

on the minds of the people. In the Elizabethan
Age several comic incidents occurred at court ;
particularlywhen any of the courtiers were guilty

of personal impertinence to their virgin queen. It
must have been very comical to see Shakspere

holding stirrups like an ostler, or performing the
part of the Ghost, in his own play of Hamlet.
The dress worn in Queen Anne's time, and that of
the first Georges, was comical indeed but

very "
enough of this. Our concern is with the present

time "
the funniest epoch, beyond all comparison, in
the historyof the world. Some few back,

years
the minds of nations, convulsed with the great
politicalrevolutions then taking place, were in a
mood by no means apt to be gratified by sicality

whim-
and merriment. Furthermore, certain poets

of the lack-a-daisical school, such as Byron, Shelley,
Goethe, and others, Avritingin comforniitywith the
prevailingtaste of the day, threw a wet blanket on
the spiritsof men, which all but extinguished the
feeble embers of mirth, upon which 'shocking events'

had exercised so pernicious an influence already :
or, to change a vulgar for a scientific metaphor,

they placed such a pressure of sentimental sphere
atmo-
on the common stock of laughing gas, as to

10 INTRODUCTION.
convert it into a mere fluid, and almost to solidify

it altogether. It is now exhibiting the amazing
amount of expansive force, which under favourable
circumstances it is capable of exerting. Many

causes have combined to bring about the happy
state of things under which we now live. Amongst
these, the exertions of individuals hold the first
rank ; of whom the veteran Liston, the late lamented

Mr. John Reeve, the facetious Keeley, and the
inimitable Buckstone, are deserving of our highest

commendation. And more epecially is praise due
to the talented author of the Pickwick Papers,
whose genius has convulsed the sides of thousands,
has revolutionized the republicof letters (making,

no doubt, a great many sovereigns)and has become,
as it were, a mirror, which will reflect to all
posteritythe laughter-lovingspiritof his age,
But it is not (as we have before remarked) in
literature alone, that the tendency to the ludicrous
is shewn. In recent scientific speculations

many
it is strikinglyand abundantly obvious "
some of
those on geology be quoted as examples. The

may
offspringof the sciences "
those pledges of aff'ection
which they present to art, almost all of them, come
into the world with a caricature-like smirk upon

their faces. Air-balloons and rail-roads have thing
some-
funny about them ; and photogenic drawings

are, to say the least, very curious. The learned
INTRODUCTION. 11
professionsare all tinged with drollery. The law
is confessedlyridiculous from beginning to end, and

what is very strange, is that no one should attempt
to make it otherwise. Medicine is comical " or
rather tragi-comical "

the disparityof opinion among
its the
professors, chaotic state of its and
principles,
the conduct of its students being considered. No
one can deny that the distribution of church

perty
pro-
is somewhat odd, or can assert that the
doings "
at least of those who are destined for the
clerical office,are now and then of rather a strance
character. Political meetings are laughable

very
things,when we reflect upon the strong tions

assevera-
of patriotismthere made and believed. The
wisdom of the legislatureis by no means of
the gravest class, particularlywhen it offers muni-

cipal
reforms as a substitute for bread. The
debates in a certain House must be of a very

humourous character, if we judge from the
may
frequent "
hear hear, and a laugh," by which the
proceedings there are interrupted. Our risible
faculties are continuallycalled into action at public

lectures of all kinds ; and indeed, no lecturer,
however learned he may be, has much chance
now-a-days of unless
instructing, he can also amuse
his audience. Nor can the various public and
even private buildings, which are daily springing

up around us, like so many mushrooms, be contem-
12 INTRODUCTION'.
plated without considerable emotions of mirthfulness.
Tiie new styleof ecclesiastical architecture, entitled
the Cockney-Gothic, affords a good illustration of
this remark ; but the comic Temple of the Fine
Arts, in Trafalgar Square, is what Lord Bacon
would have called a

"
glaring instance" of its
correctness. The occurrences of the day bear all
of them the stamp of facetiousness. The vote of
approbation, latelypassed on a certain course of
policy, is a capitaljoke ; the tricks that are stantly

con-
played off upon John Bull by the Russians,
French, Yankees, and others, though somewhat
impertinent to the aforesaid John, must seem very
diyertingto lookers on. The state of the Drama
may also be brought forward in proof of our
position.Tragedies are at a discount ; farces are at a
premium ; lions,nay goats and monkeys, are pressed

into the service of Momus. Even the various
institutions for the advancement of morals have not
escaped the influence of the prevailing taste. To
mention that respectable body of men, the totallers,

Tee-
is sufficient of itself to excite a smile. In
short, look wherever you will, you will find it a
matter of the greatest difficulty

to keep
your tenance.
coun-
The truth is, that people are tired of crying,and

find it much more agreeable to laugh. The sublime
is out of fashion ; the ridiculous is in vogue. A

INTRODUCTION. 13
turn-up nose is now a more interestingobjectthan

a turn-down collar ; and if it should be urged that
the flowing locks of our young men are indicative
of sentimentalityby their length, let it be bered

remem-
that they are in general quiteunaccompanied

by a corresponding qualityof face. It has been
said that the schoolmaster is abroad : "

true ; but he
is walking arm and arm with the Merry- Andrew ;
and the members, presidents,and secretaries of
mechanics' institutions, and associations for the
advancement of everything, follow in his train.
Nothing can be taught that is not palatable,and

nothing is now palatablebut what is funny. That
boys should be instructed in the Latin language

will be denied by few (althoughby some eccentric
persons this has been done) ; that they can be
expected to learn Avhat they cannot laugh at will,

to all reflecting
minds, especiallyon perusing the
foregoing considerations, appear in the highest
degree unreasonable. To conclude : "
let all such
as are disposed to stare at the title of our work,

ponder attentivelyon what we have said above ;
let them, in the language of the farce, "

put this
and that together,"and they will at once perceive
the beneficial effect, which holding up the Latin
Grammar to ridicule is likely to produce in the
minds of youth. So much for the satisfaction of
our senior readers. And now, no longer to detain
B
14 INTRODUCTION.
our juvenile friends, let us proceed to business, or
pleasure, or both : " we will not stand

upon mony
cere-
with respect to terms.
THE Sl'HOOLMASTER ABHOAD.

THE
COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR.
Of Latin there are three kinds : Latin Proper, or
good Latin ; Dog Latin ;

and Thieves' Latin.
Latin Proper, or good Latin, is the language which
was spoken by the ancient Romans. Dog Latin
is the Latin in which boys compose their first
verses and themes, and which is occasionally
employed at the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, but much more frequently at burgh,

Edin-
Aberdeen, and Glasgow. It includes
Medical Latin, and Law Latin ; though these, to
the unlearned, generally Greek. Mens

appear
tuus mind Illic vadis cum oculo

ego "
your eye ;
tuo there with out Quo-

ex "
you go your eye ;
modo est mater tua? how's mother] Fiat

"
your
haustus ter die capiendus "

let a draught be made,
to be taken three times a day; Bona et catalla

"
goods and chattels "

are examples.
b2
16 THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR.
Thieves' Latin, more commonly known by the
name of slang, is much in use among a certain
class of conveyancers, who disregard the tinctions

dis-
of meum and tuum. Furthermore, it
constitutes a great part of the familiar discourse of
most young men in modern times, particularly
lawyers' clerks and medical students. It bears a
close affinityto Law Latin, with which,

very
indeed, it is sometimes confounded. Examples : "
to prig a wipe "

to steal a handkerchief. A rum
start "
a curious occurrence. A plant " an tion.
imposi-
Flummoxed "
undone. Sold "
deceived. A
heavy swell " a great dandy. Quibus, tin, dibs.
A HEAVY SWELL.
mopuses, stumpy "
money. Grub, prog, tuck "
victuals. A stiff-'un" dead

a body" properly, a
subject. To be scragged" to suffer the last penalty

of the law, "c.
THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR. 17
All these kinds of Latin are to be taught in the
Comic Latin Grammar.
If Toby, the learned pig, had been desired to
his alphabet in Latin, he would have done it

say
TOBr, THE LEARNED PIG.
by taking away the W from the English alphabet.

Indeed, this is what he is said to have actually
done. The Latin letters,therefore, remind us of
the greatest age that a fashionable lady ever fesses

con-
she has attained to, "

being between twenty
and thirty.
Six of these letters are called what Dutchmen,
speaking English, call fowls " vowels; namely,

a, e, 1, o, u, y.
B 3
A vowel is like an .Êolian harp ; it makes a
full and perfect sound of itself. A consonant not

can-
sound without vowel, more than a horn

a any
(except such an one as Baron Munchausen's) can
play a tune without a performer.

Consonants are divided into mutes, liquids and
they have nothing in
double letters; although
do with funerals, hydrostatics,or the
particular to
General post office. The liquids are, 1, m, n, r;
the double letters, j, x, z ; the other letters are
mutes.
"
Hye dum, dye dutn, fiddle dumb " c." "
Stekne.
A syllable is a distinct sound of one or more
letters pronounced in a breath, or, as we in the

say
classics, in a jiffey.
A diphthong is the sound of two vowels in one
syllable. Taken collectively they resemble a
closed fist "

i. e. a bunch oi Jives. The diphthongs
are au, eu, ei, se, and oe. Of the two first of these,
au and eu, the sound is intermediate between that
of the two vowels of which each is formed. This
fact may perhaps be impressed upon the mind, on
the principlesof artificial by a reference

memory,
to a familiar beverage, known by the name of
half-and-half. In like manner, ei, which is rally

gene-
pronounced i, and se and ce, sounded like e.

may be said to exhibit something like an analogy

to a married couple. The human diphthong, Smith
female + Brown male, is called Brown only.
A HUMAN DIPHTHONG.
The reason, the fool in King Lear, why the

says
seven stars are no more than seven "

is a pretty
reason "
because they are not eight. This is a fool's
reason ; but we (like many other commentators)

cannot give a better one, why the Parts of Speech
are no more than eight "
because they are not nine.
They are as follow :
1. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle "

declined.
2. Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjec-

tion
"
undeclined. Most schoolboys would like to
decline them altogether.

OF A NOUN,
A noun is a name, "

whether it be a Christian
name, or a sur-name "

the name of a prince,a pig,
a pancake, or a post. Whatever is "
is a noun.
Nouns are divided into substantives and tives.

adjec-
A noun substantive is its own trumpeter, and
speaks for itself without assistance from any other
word " brassica, a cabbage ; sartor, a tailor ; medi-
cus, a physician ; vetula, an old woman ; venenuin,
posion ; are examples of substantives.
An adjectiveis like an infant in leadingstrings "
it cannot go alone. It always requires to be joined

to a substantive, of which it shows the nature or
quality " as lectio longa, a long lesson ; magnus
aper, a great boar ; pinguis puer, a fat boy ; macer
puer, a lean boy. In making love (as you will find
MAIER IICR. PINUHS PIER.

one of these days) or in abusing a cab-man, your
success will depend in no small degree in your

choice of adjectives.
NUMBERS OP NOUNS.
Be not alarmed, boys, at the above heading.

There are numbers of nouns, it is true, that is to
say, lots ; or, as we say in the schools, "

a precious
sight" of nouns in the dictionary ; but we are not
now going to enumerate, and make learn them.

you
The numbers of nouns here spoken of are two
only ; the singular and the plural.

The singular speaks but of one " as later, a
brick ; faba, a bean ; tuba, a trump (or trumpet) ;
flamma, a blaze ; a}thiops, a nigger (or negro) ; cor-
nix, a crow.
The plural speaks of more than one "

as lateres,
bricks ; fabae, beans ; tubse, trumps ; flammse,
blazes; aethiopes,niggers ; cornices, crows.
Here it may be remarked that the cynic philo-

sophers
were singular fellows.
very
Also that prize-poems are sometimes composed

in singular numbers.
very
CASES OP NOUNS.
Nouns have six cases in each number, (that is,

six of one and half a dozen of the other) but can
oal_ybe put in one of them at a time. They are
thus ticketed "

nominative, genitive, dative, sative,
accu-
vocative, and ablative.
The nominative case comes before the verb, as
the horse does before the cart, the "

lieutenant
before the ancient," and the superintendant of
police before the inspector. It answers to the
question, who or what ; as, Who jaws 1 magister

jurgatur,the master jaws.
The genitive case is known by the sign of, and
answers to the question, whose, or whereof; as
Whose breeches ? Femoralia magistri "

the breeches
of the master, or the master's breeches.
The dative case is known by the signs to or for,

and answers to the question,to whom, or to or for
what ; as, To whom do I hold out hands ?

my
Protendo manus magistro "
I hold out my hands to
the master.
In this place we are called upon to consider,

whether it be more agreeable to have Latin or the
ferula at o\xx fingers' ends.

Observe that dative means giving. masters
School-
are very often in the dative case "

but
their generosity is chiefly exercised in bestowing

what is termed monkey's allowance ; that is, if not
more kicks, more boxes on the ear, more spats,
more canings, birchings, and impositions, than pence.

half-
The accusative case follows the verb, as a bailiff
follows a debtor, a bull-dog a butcher, or a round
of applause a supernatural squall at the Italian
Opera. It answers to the question Whom ] or
What ? Whom do laugh at ? (behind his

as. you
back) Derideo magistrum "

I laugh at the master.
The vocative case is known by calling,or ing

speak-
to ; O magister 0 master ; an exclamation

as, "
the of shirking
which is frequently consequence
false concords quantities, perous

obstre-
out, making or
conduct in school, "c.
The ablative case is known by certain tions,

preposi-
expressed or understood; as Deprensus
by the master. Coram rostro

magistro "
caught out
"
before the heak. The prepositions, in, with, from,
by, and the word, than, after the comparative

of the ablative In angustia
degree, are signs case.
with native. Ab
"
in a fix. Cum indigena "
a
arbore "
from a tree. A rictu " by a grin. Adipe
lubricior "
slicker than grease.
GENDERS AND ARTICLES.
The genders of nouns, which are three, the
masculine, the feminine, and the neuter, are denoted
in Latin by articles. We have articles, also, in
English, which distinguishthe masculine from the
feminine, but they are articles of dress ; such as
and breeches,
petticoats mantillas and mackintoshes.
But as there are things in Latin, called

many culine
mas-
and feminine, which are nevertheless not

male and female, the articles attached to them are
not parts of dress, but parts of speech.

We will now, with our readers' permission,
initiate them into a new mode of declining the
article hie, haec, hoc. And we take this opportunity

of protesting against the old and short-sighted
system of teaching a boy only one thing at a
time, Avhich originated,no doubt, from the general

ignorance of everything but the dead languages
which prevailed in the monkish ages. We propose
to make declensions, conjugations,"c., a vehicle
for imparting something more than the mere dry

facts of the immediate subject. And if we can
occasionallyinculcate an originalremark, a scientific
principle,or a moral aphorism, we shall, of course,
think ourselves rewarded

sufficiently by the sciousness
con-
"
et caetera, et caetera, et cajtera.
Masc. hie. Fern. haec. INTeut. hoc, "c.
The nominative singular's hie, haec, and hoc, "
Which to learn, has cost school boys full many a
knock ;
The genitive's hujus, the dative makes huic,
(A fact Mr. Squeers never mentioned to Smike);

Then hunc, banc, and hoc, the accusative makes.
The vocative "
caret "
no very great shakes ;
The ablative case maketh hoc, hac, and hoc,

A cock is a fowl "
but a fowl 's not a cock.
c
The nominative plural is hi, hae, and hsec,

The Roman young ladies were dressed a laGrecque ;
The genitive case horum, harum, and horum,

Silenus and Bacchus were fond of a jorum ;
The dative in all the three genders is his,

At Actium his tip did Mark Antony miss :
The accusative 's hos, has, andhaec in all grammars,
Herodotus told some American crammers ;
The vocative here also "

caret "
's no go,
As Milo found rending an oak-tree, you know ;
And his, like the dative the ablative case is.

The Furies had most disagreeable faces.
Nouns declined with two articles, are called
common. This word common requires explanation

"
it is not used in the same sense as that in which
we say, that quackery is common in medicine,
knavery in the law, and humbug everywhere "
pigeons at Crockford's, lame ducks at the Stock
Exchange, Jews at the ditto, and Royal ditto, and

foreigners in Leicester Square! "
No ; a common
noun is one that is both masculine and feminine ;
in one sense of the word therefore it is uncoinmon.
Parens, a parent, which may be declined both with
hie, and hsec, is, for obvious reasons, a noun of this
class; and so is fur, a thief; likewise miles, a
soldier, which will appear strange to those of our
readers, who do not call to mind the existence of
the ancient amazons ; the dashing white sergeant

being the only female soldier known in modern
times. Nor have we more than one authenticated
"instance of a female sailor, if we except the
heroine commemorated in the somewhat apocryphal

narrative " Billy Taylor.
Nouns are called doubtful Avhen declined with
the article hie or haec "

whichever you please, as
the showman said of the Duke of Wellington and
Napoleon Bonaparte. Anguis, a snake, is a
doubtful noun. At all events he is a doubtful
customer.
Epicene nouns are those which, though declined
with one article only, represent both sexes, as hie
a hcEC aquila,an eagle, cock and

passer, sparrow, "
c 2
28 THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR,
hen. A however, to nothing of

sparrow, say an
eagle, must appear a doubtful noun with regard to
gender, to a cockney sportsman.

After all, there is no rule in the Latin language
about gender so comprehensive as that observed in
Hampshire, where they call every thing he but a
tom-cat, and that she.
DECLENSION OF NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE.
There are five declensions of substantives. As
a pig is known by his tail, so are declensions of
substantives distinguished by the ending of the
genitive case. Our fear of outraging the comic
feelings nf humanity, prevents us from saying

quite so much about them as our love of learning
would otherwise induce us to do. We therefore
refer the student to that clever little book, the Eton

Latin Grammar, strongly recommending him to
decline the following substantives, by way of an
exercise, after the manner of the examples there
set down. First declension, Genitivo ae. Virga,

a rod. " Second, i. Puer, a boy. Stultus, a fool.
Tergum, a back "

Third, is, Vulpes, a fox. curator,
Pro-
an attorney. Cliens, a client. " Fourth,
us "
here you may have, Risus, a laugh at. " Fifth,
ei. Effigies,an effigy,image, or Guy.
The substantive face, facies,makes faces, facies,

in the plural.
Although we are precluded from going through
the whole of the declensions, we cannot refrain from
proposing "
for the use of schools," a model upon
which all substantives be declined in a mode
may
somewhat more agreeable, if not more instructive,
than that heretofore adopted.
Exempli Gratia.
Musa muS(",
The Gods were at tea,

Musae musam.
Eating raspberry jam,

Musa musa,
Made by Cupid's mamma,
Musee musarw/n,
Thou "
Diva Dearum."
Musis musa,?,
Said Jove to his lass,

Musffi musw.
Can ambrosia beat this ?
DECLENSIONS OF NOUNS ADJECTIVE.
Some nouns adjective are declined with three
terminations " as a pacha of three tails would be, if

c 3
he were to make a proposal to an English heiress "
as bonus, good " tener, tender. Sweet epithets!

how forciblythey remind us of young Love and a
leg of mutton.
Bonus, bona, bonum,

Thou little lambkin dumb,
Boni, bonse, boni.
For those sweet chops I sigh.
Bono, bonae, bono^
Have pity on my woe,
Bonum, bonam, bonum,

Thou speak'st though thou art mum.
Bone, bona, bonum,

"
O come and eat me, come,"
Bono, bonae, bono.

The butcher lays the low,
Boni, bonae, bona.
Those chops are a picture, "
ah !
Bonorum, bonarum, bonorum,

To put lots of Tomata sauce o'er 'em
Bonis "
Don't, miss,
Bonos, bonas, bona.
Thou art sweeter than thy mamma,
Boni, bonse, bona.

And fatter than thy papa.
Bonis, "
What bliss !
In like manner decline tener^ tenera, tenerum.

Unus, one ; solus, alone ; totus, the whole ;
nullus, none ; alter, the other ; uter, whether of the
two" make the genitivecase singularin ius and the
dative in i.
RIDDLES.
Q. In what case will a grain of barley joined to

an adjectivestand for the name of an animal ?
A. In the dative case of unus "

uni-corn.
TJni nimirum tibi recte semper erunt res.
Hor. Sat. lib. ii. 2. 106.
Q. Why is the above verse like all nature ]
A. Because it is an wm'-verse.
The word alius, another, is declined like the
above-named adjectives,except that it makes aliud,

not Silium, in the neuter singular.
The difference of unus from alius, say the London
commentators, like that of a humming-top from a
peg-top, consists of the 'um,
N.B. Tu es unus ahus, is not good Latin for

"
You're another," a phrase more elegantly ex-
pressed
by "
Tu quoque."
There are some adjectivesthat remind us of
lawyer's clerks, and, by courtesy, of linen-drapers'

apprentices. These may be termed articled tives
adjec-
; being declined with the articles hie, haec,
hoc, after the third declension of substantives " as
tristis,sad, melior, better, felix,happy.

It is not very easy to conceive any thingin which
sadness and comicality are united, except Tristis

Amator, a sad lover.
TRISTIS AMATOR.
Melior is not better for comic purposes. Felix
affords no room for a happy joke.

Decline these three adjectives,and others of the
same class, accordingto the followingrules :
If the nominative endeth in is or er, why, sir.

The ablative singularendeth in i, sir ;
The first, fourth, and fifth case, their neuter
make e,
But the same m the plural in ia must be.
E; or i, are the ablative's ends, "

mark my song.
While or to the nominative case doth belong ;
For the neuter aforesaid we settle it thus :
The plural is or a ; the singular us.

If than is,er, and or, it hath more enders,
many
The nominative serves to express the three genders ;
But the plural for ia hath icia and itia.

As Felix, felicia "
Dives, divitia.
COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES.
Comparisons are odious " -
Adjectives have three degrees of comparison.

This is perhaps the reason why they are so greeable
disa-
to learn.
The first degree of comparison is the positive,

which denotes the quality of a thing absolutely.
Thus, the Eton Latin Grammar is lepidus, funny.
The second is the comparative, which increases
or lessensthe quality,formed by adding or to the first
case of the positiveending in i. Thus the Charter
House Grammar, is lepidor funnier, or " more funny.

"
The third is the superlative, which increases or
diminishes the signification

to the greatest degree.
formed from the same case by adding thereto,
ssimus. Thus the Comic Latin Grammar is
lipidissimus,funniest, or most funny. A Londoner
is acutuS;, sharp, or 'cute, " a Yorkshireman acutior,
sharper, or more sharp, 'cuter or more 'cute "

but a
Yankee is acutissimus "

sharpest, or most sharp,
'cutest or most 'cute, or tarnation' cute.
Enumerate, in the manner following, with
substantives, the exceptions to this rule, mentioned

in the Eton Grammar.
Bonus, good, Melior, better. Optimus, best.
A plain pudding. A suet pudding. A plum pudding.
Malus, bad. Pejor, worse. Pessimus, worst.
A caning. A spatting. A flogging.

"c. "c.
Adjectives ending in er, form the superlative in

errimus. The taste of vinegar is acer, sour ; that
of verjuice acrior, more sour ; the visage of a
tee-totaller,acerrimus, sourest, or most sour.
Agilis, docilis, gracilis,facilis,humilis, similis,

change is into llimus, in the superlativedegree.
Agilis, nimble. "
Madlle. Taglioni.
Agilior,more nimble. "
Jim Crow.
Agillimus, most nimble. "

Mr. Wieland.
Docilis, docile. "

Learned Pig.
Docilior, more docile. " Ourang-outang.
Docillimus, most docile. Man Friday.
Gracilis, slender. "

A whipping post.
Gracilior, more slender, "
A fashionable waist.
Gracillimus, most slender. "

A dustman's leg.
"c. "c.
If a vowel comes before us in the nominative
case of an adjective, the comparison is made by

magis, more, and maxime, most,
Pius, pious Dr. Cantvvell.
Magis pius, more pious. "

Mr. Maw-worm.
Maxime pius, most pious. "

Mr. Stiggins.
Sancho Panza called DonQuixote,Quixottissimus.
This was not good Latin, but it evinced a knowledge
on Sancho's part, of the nature of the superlative
degree.
OP A PRONOUN.
A pronoun
is a substitute, or (as we once heard
a lady of the Malaprop family say), a subierjuge

for a noun.
There are fifteen Pronouns.
Ego, tu, ille,

I, thou, and Billy,
Is, sui, ipse,
Got very tipsy.
Iste, hie, mens,
The governor did not see us.

Tuus, suus, noster,
We knock'd down a coster-
Vester, noster, vestras.
monger for daring to pester us.
To these may be added, egomet, I myself ; tute,
thou thyself,idem the same, qui, who or what, and
cujas, of what country.
DECLENSION OP PRONOUNS.
Pronouns concern ourselves so much, that we
cannot altogether pass over them ; though a hint
or two Avith regard to the mode of learning their
declension is all that we can here afford to give.

We are constrained now and then to leave out a good
deal of valuable matter, for the reason that induced
the Dublin manager to omit the part of Hamlet in
the play of that name "

the length of the ance.
perform-
Pronouns may be thus agreeably declined :
Ego, mei, mihi.

Hoist the frog up sky-high.
Tu, tui, tibi,
In Chancery they fib ye.
Ille, ilia, illud.

Cows chew the cud.
Is, ea, id,
Always do as you're bid.
Qui, quae, quod.

Or else you'll taste the rod.
Every donkey can decline is, ea, id. We heard
one the other day on Hampstead Heath, repeat
distinctly
E " o ! e " a ! e "
o !
THE FIRST LESSON IN LATIN.
When decline quis quae quid, beware of any

you
temptation to indulge in dirty habits. Eschew
pig-tail instead of chewing it. Never have any
quid in your mouth, but a quid pro quo.

OF A VERB.
A verb is the chief word in every sentence, as
Suspendatur per collum, let him be hanged by the
neck.
It expresses the action or being of a thing. Ego

sum sapiens, I am a wise man. Tu es stuhus,
thou art a fool. Non hie amice, pernoctas, you
don't lodge here, Mr. Ferguson.
Verbs have two voices, like the gentleman who
was singing,a short time since, at the St. James's
Theatre.
The active ending in o " as amo, I love.
The passive ending in or " as amor, I am loved.
In these two words is contained the terrestrial
summum bonum "

In short, love beats everything "
cock-fightingnot excepted. Amo ! amor ! How
happy human being, from the peer to the

every
pot-boy, from the duchess to the dairy-maid, would

be to be able to say so.
They would conjugate immediately. Except,

however, certain modern economists
political of the
Malthusian school, Avho, albeit they are great advo-

cates
for the diffusion of learning, are violently

opposed to unlimited conjugations.
Of verbs ending in o some are actives transitive.
A verb is called transitive when the action passes

on to the followingnoun, as Seco baculuni meum,
I cut my stick.
Numerous examples of this kind of cutting,

which may be called a comic section, are recorded
in history,both ancient and modern. Even Hector
cut his stick (with Achilles after him) at the siege

of Troy. The Persians cut their stick at Marathon.
Pompey cut his stick at Pharsalia, and so did
Antony at Actium. Napoleon Bonaparte cut his
stick at Waterloo.
Other verbs ending in o are named neuters and
intransitives, A verb is called intransitive, or
neuter, when the action does not pass on, or require

a followingnoun, as curro, I run. Pistol cucurrit,
Pistol ran. But to
say,
"
Falstaff voluit currere
eum per,"" Falstaff wished to run him through,

would be making a neuter verb, a verb active,
and would therefore be Latin of the canine species,
or Dog- Latin; so would Mens homo Gulielmus
cucurrit caput suum plenum sed contra te homo die
pax, My man William ran his head full but against

the mantel-piece. This, it is obvious, will not do
after Cicero.
Verbs transitive ending in o become passive by

changing o into or, as Secor, I am cut. Csesar was
cut by his friend Brutus in the capitol. This," "

as
Antony very judiciouslyoliserved on the hustings,

"
was the most unkindestcwôf all," much "
worse,
D 2
indeed, than any of the similar operationswhich

are daily performed in Regent Street.
BRUTUS 4ND C^SAR.
Verbs neuter and intransitive are never made
passive. We may say, Crepo, I crack, but we
cannot say, Crepor, I am cracked.
The ancient heroes appear, from what Homer
says, to have got into a way of cracking away most
tremendously when they were going to engage in
single combat.
Orestes was certainlycracked.
Some verbs ending in or have an active fication
signi-
"
as Loquor, I speak.
Q, Why are such verbs like witnesses on oath 1
A. Because they are called "

Deponents."
Of these some few are neuters, as Glorior, I
boast.
Caesar boasted that he came, saw, and came.

over-
Bald-headed people (likeCaesar) do not,

in general,make conquests so easily.
Neuter Verbs ending in or, and verbs deponent,
are declined like verbs passive ; but with gerunds
and supines like verbs active ; thus presentinga
curious combination of activityand supineness.
There are some verbs which are called verbs
personal. A verb personal resembles a mixed
group of old maids and young maids, because it
has different
persons, as Ego irrideo, I quiz. Tu
irrides, thou quizzest.

A verb impersonal is like a collection of tomb-
stone
angels,or small children ; it has not different

persons, as taedat, it irketh, oportet, it behoveth.
It irketh to learn Greek and Latin, nevertheless
it behoveth to do so.
OF MOODS.
Moods in verbs are like moods in man

,
they
have each of them a peculiarexpressio7i. Here,
D 3
however, the resemblance stops. Man has many
moods, verbs have but five. For instance, we
observe in men the merry mood, the doleful mood,
(or dumps), the shy, timid, or sheepish mood, the
bold, or bumptious mood, the placid mood, the
angry mood, whereto may be added the vindictive
mood, and the sulky mood; the sober mood, as
contradistinguished from both the serious and
the drunken mood ; or as blended with the
latter, in which case it may be called the sober-
drunk mood" the contented mood, the bling

grum-
mood ; the sympathetic mood, the sarcastic
mood, the idle mood, the working mood, the municative

com-
mood, the secretive mood, and the moods
of all the phrenological organs ; besides the tory

moni-
or mentorial mood, and the mendacious, or
lying mood, with the imaginative, poetical, or mantic

ro-
mood, the compassionate, or melting mood,

and many other moods too tedious to mention.
We must not however omit the flirtingmood,

the teazing or tantalizingmood, the giggling mood,
the magging or talkative mood, and the scandalizing
mood, which are peculiarlyobservable inthefair sex.
The moods of verbs are the following :

1. The indicative mood, which either affirms a fact
or asks a question, as Ego amo, I do love. Amas
tu ? Dost thou love ?

The long and short of all courtshipsare contained
in these two examples.
A LONG COlRTSMiP.
2. The imperative mood, which commandeth, or
entreateth. This two-fold character of the rative

impe-
mood is often exemplified in schools, the
command being on the part of the master, and the
entreaty on that of the boy "

as thus, Veni hue !
Come hither ! Parce mihi ! Spare me ! The rative

impe-
mood is also known by the sign let" as in
the well-known verse in the Dulce Domum

song "
"
Eja ! nunc eamus."
"
Hurrah ! now let us be off' " meaning for the
vacation. N.B. This mood is one much in the

mouth of beadles, boatswains, bashaws, majors,

magistrates, slave drivers, superintendents, ser-
jeants, and of all descriptions" mo-

jacks-in-office nitors,
especially,and prefects of public schools,

are fond of using it on all occasions.
very
THE IMPERATIVE MOOD.
3. The potentialmood signifiespower or duty.

The signs by which it is known are, can,
may,
might, would, could, should, or ought "
as, Amem, I
may love (when Heave school).Amivissem,! should
have loved (ifI had not known better,)and the like.
4. The subjunctive differs from the potentialonly

in being always governed by some conjunction or
indefinite word, and in being subjoined to some
other verb going before it in the same sentence " as
Cochleare eram cum amarem, I was a when

spoon
I loved "
Nescio qualis sim hoc ipso tempore, I
don't know what sort of a I am at this very

person
time.
The propriety of the above expression "

are,"
cochle-
will be explained in a Comic System of Rhe-

toric,
which perhaps ma)"" appear hereafter.
5. The infinitive mood is like a gentleman's cab,
because it has no number.
We have not made up our minds exactly, whe-

ther
to compare it to the "

picture of nobody" tioned
men-
in the Tempest, or to the "

picture of ness,"
ugli-
which young ladies generally call their cessful
suc-
rivals. It may be like one, or the other,
or both, because it has no person.

Neither has it a nominative case before it ; nor,
indeed, has it any more business with one than a
toad has with a side pocket.

It is commonly known by the sign to. As, for
example "
Amare, to love ; Desipere, to be a fool ;
Nubere, to marry ; Poenitere, to repent.
OF GERUNDS AND SUPINES.
Ever anxious to the expansion of

encourage
youthfulminds, by as general a cultivation as sible

pos-
of the various faculties, we beg to invite
attention to the followingcombination of Grammar,
Poetry, and Music.

charms." Moore.
^tV." Believe me if all those endearing young
The gerunds of verbs end in di, do, and dum,
But the supines of verbs are but two ;
For instance, the active, which endeth in um,
And the passive which endeth in u.
Amandi, of loving, kind reader, beware ;
Amando, in loving, be brief ;
Amandum, to love, if you 'r doom'd, have a care,
In the goblet to drown all your grief.
Amatum, Amatu, to love and be loved,

Should it be your
felicitous (?) lot.
May the fuel so needful be never removed
Which serves to keep boilingthe pot.
OF TENSES.
In verbs there are five tenses, or times, express-

ing
an action, or affirmation.
1. The time. There is no time

present tense, or
the It expresses action

(or tense) like present. an
now taking place. Examples "

Act. I love, or am
Amo, I loving. Pass. I made

loving. am "
am
drunk, or am drunk. Inebrior, I am drunk.
2. The preterimperfect tense denotes thing,

some-
or a state of things,partly, but not entirely

past Examp. I did love or was loving. Ama-
bam, I was loving. I was made drunk an hour
Inebriabar, I was made drunk.

ago.
3. The preterperfect
tense expresses a thing
latelydone, but now ended. "
-Examp. I have loved,
or I loved. Amavi, I loved. I have been made
drunk, or have been drunk. Inebriatus sum, I
have been drunk.
4. The preterpluperfecttense refers to a thing

done at some time past, but now ended. "
Examp.
Amaveram, I had loved. Inebriatus eram, I had
been drunk.
5. The future tense relates to a thing to be done
hereafter, as, Amabo, I shall or Avill love Inebri-
abor, I shall get drunk "

say to-morrow.
OF NUMBERS AND PERSONS.
Verbs have two numbers. No. 1, Singular, No.

2, Plural.
In most matters it is usual to pay exclusive tion
atten-
to number one. In learning the verbs, ever,

how-
it is necessary to regard equally number two.
"
The persons of verbs are generally considered
disagreeable. Verbs have three persons in
very
each number. Thus, for instance, at a dancing
academy "
Sing. Ego salto, I dance,
Tu saltas, Thou dancest.
Ille saltat, He danceth.
Plur. Nos saltamus, We dance,
Vos saltatis, Ye dance,

Illi saltant, They dance.
At an academy on Free-knowledge-ical princi-

ples
" or a Comic Academy.
Ego rideo, I laugh,

Tu rides, Thou laughest,
lUe ridet, He laugheth.
Nos ridemus, "We laugh,

Vos ridetis, Ye laugh,
Illi rident, They laugh.
Laughter, too, is very common at other mies,

acade-
but generally occurs on the wrong side of the
mouth. The right sort of laughter (which may be
presumed to be on the right side of the mouth), is
most frequent about the time of the holidays.What

does the song say 1
"
Ridet annus, prata rident
Nosque rideamus."
"
The year laughs, the meadows laugh, "
pose
sup-
we have a laugh as well."
Note "
That all nouns are of the third person
except Ego, Nos, Tu, and Vos. Hence we see

how absurdly the man who drew a couple of donke} s

acted in endeavouring to prevail upon us to call
the picture " We Three" " Ille,he, "

may, perhaps,
have been qualified to make a third person in tlie
group, and have "

written himself down an ass"
with some correctness. Ego, I, and Nos, we,
have certainlynothing in common with that animal,

and it is to be hoped that neither Tu, thou, nor Vos,
can be said to partake of his nature.
ye,
Note also. That all nouns of the vocative case
are of the second person. So that if we should
say, O asine, O thou donkey ; or O asini, O ye
donkeys, we should have grammar at least on
our side.
Be it your care to prevent us from having justice

also.
Of the Verb Esse, to be.
Before other verbs are declined, It is necessary

to learn the verb Esse, to be. And before we
teach the verb Esse, to be, it is necessary to make
a few remarks on verbs in general.

In the first place we have to observe, that they
are rather difficult;and in the next, that if any
one expects that we are going to consider them in
detail,he is very much mistaken.
But our skipping a very considerable portionof

the verbs, is no reason why boys should do the
E
same. Were we all to follow the examples of our
teachers, instead of attending to their precepts,

where would be the world by this time ?
Whirling no doubt, far from the able

respect-
away,
society of the neighbouring planets, and
blundering about right and left,pell-mell,helter-

skelter among the fixed stars " itself, "
and all
Avhich it inherit" in that gloriousstate of confusion
so admirably described by the poet Ovid "
"
Quern dixere Chaos,"
which men have called Shaos. It would indeed
be little better than a broken down Sha}/-hovse.

But "
revenons a nos moutons," that is, let us
get back to our verbs. We recommend the most
attentive and diligentstudy of all of them as set
forth in the Eton Grammar, assisted by that kind
of association of ideas, of which we shall now
proceed to give a few specimens.
Sum, es, fui, esse, futurus, to be, " or not to be "
that is the question.

Rule 1. To each person of a verb, singular and
plural,join a noun, according to your taste or comic
talent. Should be deficient in the inventive

you
faculty, apply for assistance to one of the senior
boys, which, in consideration of your fagging for

him, he will readilygive you. If yourselfa senior
boy, apply to the master.

Examples.
Indicative Mood.
Present Tense. Am,
Sing.
Sum, I am, Vir, a man,
Es, Thou art, Stultus, a fool,

Est, He is, Latro, a thief.
Plu.
Sumus, We are, Patricii, gentlemen.

Estis, Ye are, Plebeii, snobs,
Sunt, They are, Errones, vagabonds.

We would proceed in this way with Sum, but that
we are afraid of being tire-swm.
Verbs Regular.
First Conjugation. Amo.
Sing.
Amo, I love, Puellam, a lass,
Amas, Thou lovest, Fartum, a pudding,

Amat, He loveth, Carnem porcinam, pork.
Plu.
Amamus, We love, Doctrinam, learning.

Amatis, Ye love, Leporem, comicality,
Amant, They love, Poesin, poetry.
The consideration of which three things leads us to
different of
Rule 2. In repeating the tenses
provided with short Eng-

verbs, be careful to be a
e2
lish verse, contrived so as to rhyme with the third
person singular, and another to rhyme with the
third person plural. In this way of

your powers
composition as well as of memory will be profitably

exercised.
Example.
Second Conjugation. Moneo.
Sing. Moneo, mones, monet.
Reid " Co.'s heavy wet.
Plu. Monemus, monetis, monent.

Beats that from the firmament.
Third Conjugation. Rego.

Sing. Rego, regis,regit,
A statesman for office unfit,
Plu. Regimus, regitis,reguni,

Is much like a bear in a punt.
Hule 3. Should you be desired to give the lish

Eng-
of each person in the tense which you are
repeating, you may (we mean a class of you), low

fol-
a plan adopted with great success and striking

eflfect in that kind of dramatic representation tled
enti-
"
A Grand Opera," that of singing what you
have to sar/. Hold up your head, turn out

your
toes, clear your voices, and begin. A-hem !

J iO ROUGH THE
Fourth Conjugation. Audio.
Trio.
Sing. Audio, I hear the Tartar drum !
Audis, Thou hearest the Tartar drum !
Audit, He hears the Tartar drum !"

the
Tartar drum ! the Tartar drum !
Chorus. He hears !
He hears !
He h--e---a--rs the Tar - tar drum !
Plu. Audimus, We hear the Tartar drum, "c.
Verbs Irregular "
Are regular bores. The above Rules are equally

applicableto them, and also to the
Defective Verbs ;
Concerning which it may be asserted, that though

almost all of them have tenses more or less fect,
imper-
there are some which have not a singleIm-
perfect
Tense.
Impersonal Verbs.
Such as delectat,it delighteth; decet, it becometh,

"c., answer to such English verbs as take the
Avord it before them. When we consider that it is
E 3
a term of endearment used in speaking to babies,
as
"
it's a pretty dear," we cannot help thinking
PRETTY DEAR.
that Verbs Impersonal ought to be pet verbs. Such
however, is not, as far as we know, the fact.
OP A PARTICIPLE.
A participleis a hybrid part of speech ; a kind
of mongrel-cross, between a noun and a verb. It
is two parts verbs, and four parts noun ;

wherefore
its composition may be likened unto the milk sold
in and about London, which is usually watered in
the proportion of four to two. The properties of

the noun belonging to it,are, number, gender, case,
and declension ; those

of the verb, tense, and nificat
sig-
As a horse hath four legs, so hath a verb four
participles.
Air. "
Bonnets of Blue.
There 's one of the present, "

and then,
There 's one of the future in rus ;
Of the tense preterperfect

a third, "
and again,
A fourth of the future in dus.
Participles are declined like nouns adjective,

as "
but no ! how can we ask our fair (blue)
readers to decline a-mans (amans) loving.
Now here feel called to a few
we upon say
words on the difference between a man's loving

and a woman's loving. It has often been a tion,
ques-
whether do men or women love most dearly 1

To the matter does not to admit of a
us appear
doubt. We defy of our male readers to be

any
in love (when they are old and silly enough)
for six months without finding themselves most
of pocket. We have friend who

grievously out a
was in that unfortunate condition for about a month,
and it cost him at least seven and sixpence a week
in fees to the maid servant, and that without once
being enabled to exchange a word with the object

of his affections. At last he began to think that
he was paying rather too dear for his whistle ; so
he it up. What girlwould have held on so

gave
long, and laid out so much money without a return "

5Q THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR.
not of soft affection, but of hard cash ? Women,
indeed, instead of loving dearly, love, according to

own experience, particularlycheaply. Think of
our
what they save, by taking their admirers "

ping"
shop-
with them, in ribands, bracelets, and the
like, to say nothing of coach-hire, pastry-cooks,

and the price of admission, when they go with them
to the play. And we should like to hear of the
lady who in these days would dispose of her

young
hand at thing less than a good round sum if
any
she could help it" no, no. To love dearly is the
of the lords of the creation

precious prerogative
alone.
But we are forgettingour participles.

The participleof the present tense ends in a7is,
or ens; as Flagellans,whipping; Laedens, hurting.

That of the future in rus, signifiesa likelihood,
or design of doing something, as Flagellaturus,
about to whip ; Lsesurus, about to hurt.
That of the preterperfecttense has generally a

and
passive signification, ends in zts, as Flagella -
tus, whipped ; Lsesus, hurt.

That of the future in dus has also a passive sig-
nificat
as Flagellandus, to be whipped ; hse-
dendus, to be hurt.
Note 1. All participlesare declined like nouns
adjective. We recommend the above participles

to
be declined like winking.

2. There are three things that are not hurt by-

whipping " a top, a syllabub, and a cream.
OF AN ADVERB.
Convex and concave spectaclesare contrivances
used to increase or diminish the magnitude of objects.

Adverbs are parts of speech used to increase or
diminish the of
signification words.
Spectacles are joined to the bridge of the nose.
Adverbs are joined to nouns adjective, and
verbs. Bene, well ; multum, much ; male, ill,"c.
are adverbs.
Caesar mulLum conturbavit indigenas:

Ca?sar much astonished the natives.
fyESVK AST0NI3III"0 THE NATIVES.

OF A CONJUNCTION.
A conjunction is a part of speech that joineth

together ; wherefore it may be hkened unto many
things ; for instance "
To glue, to paste, to
gum arabic, to mortar, (for
it joins words and sentences together like bricks),
to Roman cement, (Laiin conjunctions more cially),
espe-
to white of egg, to isinglass, to putty, to
adhesive plaster, to matrimony.

Conjunctions are thus used.
Ova ei lardum, and bacon. Dimidium

eggs
dimidium^we, half-and-half. Amor et dementia,
love and madness.
IIAUFANU-HALF.
OF A PREPOSITION.
A Preposition is a part of speech commonly set
before another word. Words, however, do not eat
each other, though men have been known to eat
words. Ab, ad, ante, "c. prepositions.

Sometimes a prepositionis joined in composition
with another word, as jorostratus, knocked down "
floored.
Tullius ab aquario ^rostratus est :
Tully was knocked down by a waterman.
OF AN INTERJECTION.
An interjectionis a word expressing a sudden
emotion or feeling, as Hei ! Oh dear !

" Heu !
Lack-a-day ! Hem ! Brute, Hollo ! Brutus. "
Euge ! Tite, Bravo ! Titus.
We here find ourselves approaching the lightful

de-
subject of the three Concords, with which
we shall make short work, first, for fear of further

Accidence, and, secondly, because we are no fonder
than boys are of repetitions,which, were we to
follow the Eton Grammar in the Concords, we
should be obliged to make in the Syntax.

However, there are just one or two points to be
mentioned.
60 THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAK.
copy-books.) " Ask

Rule. (Text-hand no
questions."
When want to find where the
Exception. you
concord should be, ask the following "
Who ] or what 1 "

to find the nominative case to
the verb.
Whom ] or what 1 with the verb, for the tive

accusa-
after it.
Who ] or what ? with the adjective, for the stantive

sub-
to the adjective.
Who 1 or what ? with the verb, for the antecedent
to the relative.
But remember, that the use of the interrogatives

who 1 and what 1 however justifiable in grammar,
is impertinent in conversation. What, for

very
example, be ill-bred than to Who

can more say.
are ] Indeed, most questions are ill mannered.

you
We do not speak of such expressions as. Has your
mother sold her mangle ? and the like, used only
by who have never asked themselves

persons
where they expect to to ] but of all unnecessary

go
demands whatever, "

Sir," said the great Dr
Johnson, "
it is uncivil to be continually asking.
Why is a dog's tail short, or why is a cow's tail
long."
OF THE GENDERS OF NOUNS,
Coiiimonlj' known by the name of
"
Propria Qiice Maribus.'"
As the "
Propria Quae Maribus" is no joke, and
the "
As in Prsesenti" is too much of a joke, we
must do with them as we did with the verbs.
Singing a song is always esteemed a valid tute

substi-
for tellinga story ; and the indulgence which
we would have extended to us in this respect, is

that universallygranted to civilized society.
Let the "
Propria Quae Maribus" be turned into
a series of exercises, thus, or in like manner "
Air.- "
"Here 's to the maiden of bashful fifteen.''
All names of the male kind you masculine call,

Ut sunt (forexample), Divorum,
Mars, Bacchus, Apollo, the deities all,
And Cato, Virgilius,virorum.
Latin 's a bore, and bothers me sore,
Oh how I wish that lesson was o'er.

my
Fluviorum, ut Tibris, Orontes likewise,

Fine rivers in ocean that lost are,
And Mensium "

October an instance suppli s ;
Ventorum, ut Libs, Notus, Auster.
Latin 's a bore, "c.
We do not pretend that the mode of study here
recommended, is perfectly original. The genuine

Propria Quae Maribus, and As in Preesenti, like the

writingsof the most remote antiquity,consist of tain
cer-
useful truths recorded in harmonious numbers.
It has been a question among commentators,
whether these interestingcompositions were nally

origi-
intended to be said or sung. Analogy (we
mean that derived from the works of Homer and
Virgil)would incline us to the latter opinion,which

however does not
appear to have been generally
entertained in the schools. We shall give one
more specimen in the above style; and we beg it
may be remembered, that in so doing, we have no
wish to detract in from the merit of the

any way
illustrious poet in the Eton Grammar ; all we think
is, that he might have introduced a little more
comicality into his work, while he was about it.
OF THE PRETERPERFECT TENSE, Sec. OF
VERBS.
Otherwise the "As in Prcesenti.''''
As in Prsesenti "
Preterperfect avi. "
Oh ! send me well done, lean, and lots of grav\-,

Save lavo, lavi, nexo, nexui.
Ah ! me "
how sweet is cream with apple-pie,
Juvi from juvo, secui from seco,
Could n't I lie and tipple,more Gra?co !

From neco, necui, and mico, word

Which micui makes, Oh ! roast goose, lovely bird !
Plico which plicuigives. Delightfulgrub !
And frico,fricas,fricui,to rub "
So domo, tono, domui, tonui make,

And sono, sonui. "
Lead me to the stake,
I mean the hee^-siake "
crepo, crepui too.
Which means to crack (as roasted chestnuts do,)
Then veto, vetui makes" forbiddingsound,
Cubo, to lie along (theseverbs confound
Ye gods) makes cubui, do gives rightlydedi ;
What viler objectthan a coat that 's seedy ^ "
Sto to form steti has a predilection

;
Well "
let it if it likes, I've no objection.
"c. "c. "c.
SYNTAXIS.
or the Construction of Grammar.
Q. What part of the grammar resembles the
indulgencessold in the middle ages ?
A. Sin-iSLX.
The first Concord;

The Nominative case and the Verb.
Where there is much personality,there is gene-

rally
little concord.
f2
However, a verb personal agrees with its nomi-

native
in number and as Sera nunquam

case person,
est ad bonos mores via. The way to good manners
is never too late. Mind that, brother Jonathan.
AMEBICAN GENTLEMEN.
Nofe "
The above maxim is especiallyworthy of
the attention of neophytes in law and medicine of

;
the gods in the gallery,and of Members oHhe House.
The nominative case of pronouns is rarelyexpres-

sed,
except for the sake of distinction or emphasis,
as "
Tu es exquisitus, tu es,
You 're a nice man, are.

you
^1M (L-E W ".; '; L- 1'- ... V M 1 D B 0 IIC 0 S S E f
WIOLI.JTOS MORES NOW SIN!

THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR. Q5
Sometimes a sentence is the nominative case to
the verb, as
Ingeniiaspugni didicisse fideliter artes,
Mollitos mores non sinit esse viri.
The faithful study of the fistic art
From mawkish softness guards a Briton's heart.
Who can doubt it ? But, besides, we have much to
say in praise of boxing. In the first place, it is a
classical accomplishment. To say nothing of the
Olympic and Isthmian Games, which are of them-

selves
suflScient proof of the elegant and fanciful

tastes of the ancients; we need only allude to the
fact, that the Corinthians are universallycelebrated

for their proficiencyin this science. Then, of its
eminently social tendency, there can be no doubt.
What can be more conducive to good fellowship,

and than
conviviality the frequenttapping of claret,
attendant both on its study and practice? Nor can
its beneficial influence on the fine arts be called in
question,seeing that its immediate objectis to teach
us the use of our hands. And (which perhaps is
the most pursuasive argument of all),it is larly

particu-
pleasing to the fair sex, who besides their
well known admiration of bravery,are, to a woman,
devotedly attached to the ring.

Sometimes an adverb with a genitivecase stands
in the place of the nominative, as "
F 3
Partim astutorum mordebantur,

Part of the knowing ones were bit.
We must contend that the above is a racy

observation.
Exceptions to the Rule.
Verbs of the infinitive mood "

but hold. member
Re-
that there is scarcely rule without

any
an exception ; and this axiom particularlyapplies
to the Sjmtax. We used to wish it did not ) be-
cause
then we should not have had so much to
learn "
to resume however "
Verbs of the infinitive mood often have set fore

be-
them an accusative case instead of a tive;

nomina-
the conjunction quod, or ut, being left out
as,
Annam reginam aiunt occubuisse :
They say that Queen Anne's dead,
A verb placed between two nominative cases of
different numbers, is not like a donkey between two
stacks of hay, it makes choice of one or the other,

and agrees with it,as
Amygdalae amarae venenum est,
Bitter almonds is poison.
We have written the English beneath the Latin.
Perhaps it may be imagined that we think good

English beneath us.
A singularnoun of multitude is sometimes joined

to a plural verb ; as
Pars puerorum philosophum secuti sunt,
Part of the boys followed the philosopher.
And so they would now, particularlyif they saw
one in costume.
Verbs impersonal have no nominative case before
them, as
Taedet me Grammatices, lam weary of Grammar.
Pertsesum est Syntaxeos, I am quite sick of
Syntax.
Mirificum visum est Socratem in gyrum saltan-
tem videre,
It seemed wonderful to behold Socrates jumping

Jim Crow.
the comic latin grammar. 69
Second concord.
The substantive and the adjective.
participles,
Adjectives, and pronouns agree with
the substantive in gender, number, and case, as
Vir exiguo conventui, sobrioque idoneus :
A nice man for a small tea-party.
A TEA SPOON.
The Spartans,probably, were men of this kind ;
their aversion to drunkenness being well known.
Observe how close the concord is between stantive

sub-
and adjective. The ties of wedlock are
nothing to it ; for, besides that in that happy state
there is very often not a little discord, it is ([uite

impossiblethat man and wife should ever agree \\\
gender.
Sometimes a sentence supplies the place of a
substantive ; the adjective being placed in the
neuter gender, as
Audito reginam leones coenantes visisse :
It being heard that Her Majesty had gone to see
the lions at
supper.
Third Concord.
The relative and the antecedent.
The relative and antecedent hit it off Avell

very
together; they agree one with the other in gender,
number, and person, as
Qui plenos haurit cyathos,madidusque quiescit,

Ille bonam degitvitam, moriturque facetus.
"
He who drinks plenty,and to bed mellow.
goes
Lives as he ought to do, and dies a jollyfellow."
Horace Avas the fellow for this kind of thing.

Cato must have been a regular Avet blanket.
Sometimes a sentence is placed for an cedent,

ante-
as
Heliogabalus, spiritucontento, viginti quatuor

ostrearum demersit in alvum, quod Dandoni etiam
longe antecellit.
Heliogabalus, at one breath, swallowed two
dozen of oysters, which beats even Dando out and
out.
HELIOGABALUS.
Many of the ancients could swallow a good deal.
A relative placed between two substantives of
different genders and numbers, sometimes agrees

with the latter, as
Pueri tuentur ilium librum quae Latina Gram-
matices et Comica dicitur.
Boys regard that book which is called the Comic
Latin Grammar.
Sometimes a relative agrees with the primitive,

which is understood in the possessive, as
Mirabantur impudentiam suam qui ad reginam
literas misit.
They wondered at his impudence, who wrote a
letter to the queen.
If a nominative case be interposed between the
relative and the verb, the relative is governed by

the verb, or by some other word whicfi is placed
in the sentence with the verb, as
Luciferi quos Prometheus surripuit,ad Jovem
cujus numen contempsit, pertinebant.

The Lucifers which Prometheus shirked, longed
be-
to Jupiter, whose authorityhe despised.

In fact, Prometheus made light of Jupiter's
liyhining.
We now take leave of the Concords, observing
only how pleasant it is to see relatives agree.
IT 'S PLEASANT TO SEE RELATIVES AGBEE.

Our next subjectis the
Construction of Nouns Substantive.
Which is not quite so amusing as the construc-

tion
of small boats, paper kites,pinwheels,crackers,

or any other mode of displaying the faculty of
"
constructiveness" "
though in one sense the struction
con-
of nouns substantive, is not unlike the
construction oi puzzles.
When two substantives of a different cation
signifi-
meet together,the latter is put in the geni-
tive
case, as
Ulysses lumen Cyclopis extinxit :
Ulysses doused the glim of the Cyclops.

This genitivecase is sometimes changed into a
dative, as
Urbi pater est, urbique maritus. " Gram. Eton.
He is the .fatherof the city,and the husband of
the city.
He must have been a pretty fellow, whoever he
was.
An adjectiveof the neuter gender, put without a
substantive, sometimes requiresa genitivecase, as
Paululum honestatis sartori sufhcit :
A very little honesty is enough for a tailor.
A genitivecase is sometimes placed alone ; the
preceding substantive being understood by the
figureellipsis,
as
G
Ubi ad magistri veneris, cave verbum de porco :
When you are come to the master's (house),not

a word about the pig.
The word pig is a very general term, and is used
to signify not only the animal so called, and such
of the human race as resemble him in habits, ap-

pearance,
or feelings; but also to denote a variety

of little things, which it is sometimes necessary to
keep secret. A pedagogue now and then discovers a
pig-tailappended to his coat collar "

this, or rather
the way in which it got there, is one of the little
pigs in question. Robbing the larder or the garden

is another ; so is insinuating horse-hairs into the
cane, or putting cobbler's wax on the seat of learning

" we mean the master's stool. A sort of pig (or
rather a rat) is sometimes smelt by the master on
taking his nightly walk though the dormitories,

when roast fowl, mince pies,bread and cheese, shrub,
punch, "c. have been slyly smuggled into those
places of repose. Shirking down town is always a
pig, and the consequences thereof, in case of dis-

covery,
a great bore.
Considering that a secret is a pig, it is singular
that betraying one should be called lettingthe cat
out of the bag.

Two substantives respecting the same thing are
put in the same case, as
Telemachum, juvenem bonae indolis, Calypso

existimavit.
Calypso thought Telemachus a nice young man.
By the way, what a nice young man Virgil

makes out Marcellus to have been !
Praise, dispraise,or the quality of a thing is
placed in the ablative, and also in the genitive

case "
as
Vir paucorum verborum et magni appetitus:

A man of few words and largeappetite.
Paterfamilias. Vir multis miseriis :
A father of a family. A man of many woes.
The man of most woes, however, is a hackney -
coachman.
Opus, need, and usus, need, requirean ablative
case, as
g2
Didoni marito opus erat ;
Dido had need of a husband.
-^neae coena usus erat ;
-^neas had need of a dinner.
But opus appears to be sometimes placed like an
adjectivefor necessarius, necessary, as
Regi Anthropophagoruin coquus opus est :
The King of the Cannibal Islands wants a cook.
Which would serve his purpose best " a valet-de-
chambre who dresses men, or a wit, who roasts
them?
The Construction of Nouns Adjectve.
THE genitive CASE AFTER THE ADJECTIVE.
Adjectives which signify desire, knowledge,

memory, fear, and the contrary to these, require a
genitivecase, as
Est natura vetularum obtrectationis avida :
The nature of old women is fond of scandal.
This particularlyapplies to old maids. As those
delightfulcreatures now-a-days, not content with
being grey aspire to be actuallyblue ; we cannot
help recommending to them a kind of study, for

which their propensity to cuttingup renders them
peculiarly adapted; we mean Anatomy. And
since it is on the foulest and most odious points

of character that they chieflydelightto dwell, we
more especially suggest to them the pursuit of
Morbid which is likely to be

Anatomy, as one
attended both with and

gratification success.
Mens tempestatum prsescia:

A mind foreknowing the weather.
A piece of sea-weed has often, heretofore, been

used barometer but it is only of late that
as a ;
this purposd" has been answered by a murphy.

Immemor beneficii :
Unmindful of a kindness.
The sort of kindness one is least likely to forgetis

that which master used to he conferred
our say
upon us, when he was inculcating learning by

means of the rod. We cannot help thinking,how-
ever,
that he began at the wrong end.
Imperitus rerum :
Unacquainted with the world, i.e. Not 'up to snuff.'
Much has been wasted in attempts to

controversy
determine the originof the phrase "
up to snuff."
Some have contended that it was suggested by the
well-know quality possessed by snuff, of clearing

the head; but this idea is far fetched, not to say
absurd. Others will have that the expression was

derived from Snofe, or Snoffe, the name of a cunning
who flourished about the time of the first
rogue
crusade ; so that "
up to Snoffe" signifiedas clever,
Snoffe and in process of time
or knowing, as ; was
G 3
converted into "

to snuff." This opinion is
up
deserving of notice ; though the only argument in its
favour is, that the phrase in question was in vogue
long before the discovery of tobacco. Probably

the soundest view is that which connects it with
the proper name Znoufe, which in ancient High-

Dutch is equivalent to Mercury, whose reputation
for astuteness among the ancients was exceedingly
great. Conf. Hookey- Walk, ii. 13. Hok. Pok.
Wonk-Fum. viii. 24. Cheek. Marin, passim, with

a host of commentators, ancient and modern.
Roscius timidus Deorum fuit :
Roscius was afraid of the Gods.
Adjectives ending in ax, derived from verbs,

also require a genitivecase, as
Tempus edax rerum :
Time is the consumer of all things.

Hence Time is sometimes figuredas an alderman.
Nouns partitive, nouns of number, nouns parative

com-
and superlative,and certain adjectivesput

partitively,require a genitive case, from which
also they take their gender ; as
Utrum horum mavis accipe :

Take which of those two things you had rather.
So Queen Eleanor Fair Rosamond her choice

gave
between the dagger and the bowl of poison. This,
to our mind, would have been like choosing a tree
to be hanged on.
Primus fidicinum fuit Orpheus :
Orpheus was the first of fiddlers.
He is said to have charmed the hearts of broomstick^.
Momus lepidissimus erat Deorum :
Momus was the funniest of the Gods.
Other deities have made Jupiter shake his

may
head. Momus used to make liim shake his sides.
Sequimur te, sancte deorum :
We follow thee, O sacred deity.

Namely, the aforesaid Momus. He is the only-
heathen god that we should have had much rence
reve-
for, and certainlythe only one that we should
ever have sacrificed to at all. The offeringmost

commonly made to the god of laughter was, bably,
pro-
a sacrificeof propriety.
But the above nouns are also used with these
prepositions,a, ab, de, e, ex, inter, ante ; as,
Primus inter philosophos Democritus est :
Democritus is the first amongst philosophers.

And why 1 Because he alone was wise enough to
find out that laughing is better than crying. He
it was who first proved to the world that philosophy

and comicality are, in fact, one science ; and that
the more we learn the more we laugh. We forget

whether it was he or Aristotle who made the
remark, that man is the only laughing animal
except the hyaena.

Secundus sometimes requires a dative case, as
Haud ulli veterum virtute secundus :
Inferior to none of the ancients in valour.
Surely Virgil in saying this, had an eye to a hero,

whose fame has been perpetuated in the verses of
a later poet.
" Some talk of Alexander, and some of Pericles,
Of Conon and Lysander, and Alcibiades ;
But of all the gallant heroes, there 's none for to
compare,
With ri-fol-de-riddle-iddle-lol to the British
my
grenadier !"
An interrogative,and the word which answers
to it, shall be of the same case and tense, except

words of a different construction be made use of ; as
Quarum rerum nulla est satietas? Pomorum.
Of what thinojs is there no fulness ? Of fruit.

THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR, 81
Dr. Johnson used to

say that he never got as much
wall fruit as he could eat.
-JÛlnilui.il.nirulHlST
The Dative Case after the Adjective.
Adjectives by which advantage, disadvantage,

likeness,unlikeness, pleasure,submission, orrelation
to
any thing is signified,
require a dative case ; as
Astaci incocti patriaeidonei sunt in pace ; cocti
autem in bello.
Raw lobsters are serviceable to their country in
peace ; but boiled ones in war. Lobster's claws
are nasty thingsto get into.

The Corporation of London seemed very much
afraid of the Police clause.
One of the reasons why a soldier is sometimes
called a lobster, probably is, that the latter is a
marine animal.
Balsenffi persimile:
Very like a whale.
Qui color albus erat nunc est contrarius albo :
The colour which was white is now contrary to
white.
Some people will swear white is black to gain their
ends ; and a man who will do this, though he may

not always be "
Jucundus amicis :
Pleasant to his friends ;
is nevertheless frequentlyso to his constituents.
Hither are referred nouns compounded of the
preposition con, as contubernalis, a comrade ; com-
milito, a fellow soldier, "c. You must con all
such words attentively before can construe

you
well, or the co;isequence will be, that you will be
considerablyblown up, if not confoundedly flogged.

Some of these which signifysimilitude, are also
joined to a genitive case, as
Par uncti fulminis :
Like greased lightning.

The familiarity
of our transatlantic friends with the
nature of the electric fluid,is no doubt owing to the
discoveries of their countrymen Franklin. Q.

Was the lightning which that philosopher drew
down from the clouds, of the kind mentioned in the
example ?
Communis, common ; alienus, strange ; immunis,

free, are joined to a genitive,dative, and also to
an ablative case, with a preposition,as

Aures longse communes asinorum sunt :
Long ears are common to asses.

Though musical ears are not. We even doubt
whether they would have the admiration

slightest
for ^ray-ham.
Non sunt communes caudse hoininibus :
Tails are not common to men.
Except pig-tails,
coat-tails,shirt-tails, and rats'-
tails "
to which en-tails may perhaps also be added,
though these last are often cut off.
Non alienus a poculo cerevisiae :
Not averse to a pot of beer.

We should think we were not ; and should as soon
think of engaging in an unnatural quarrel with
our bread and butter.
Natus, born ; commodus, convenient ; incommo-
dus, inconvenient ; utilis,useful ; inutilis,useless ;
vehemens, earnest ; aptus, fit,are sometimes also
joined to an accusative case with a preposition,as

Natus ad laqueum :
Born to a halter.
Those who are reserved for this exalted destiny,

are said to enjoy a peculiarimmunity from ing.
drown-
Is this the reason why watermen are such a
set of rogues 1
To prevent mistakes, it should be mentioned,

that the watermen here meant are those who, by
their own account, are so called from their office
being to shut the doors of hachiey coaches.
Verbal adjectivesending in hills,taken passively,

and participlesmade adjectives ending in dus,
require a dative case ; as
NuUi penetrabilis
astro ;
Penetrable by no star "

not fond of acting?
O venerande mihi Listen ! te luget Olympus :
O Listen, to be venerated by me the Olympic

bewails thee.
The Accusative Case after the Adjective.
The measure of quantity is put after adjectives,

in the accusative, the ablative, and the genitive
case, as
Anguis centum pedes longus :

A snake a hundred feet long.
Arbor gumnifera, alta mille et quingentispas-
sibus.
A gum-tree a mile and a half high.

Aranea, lata pedum denum :
A spiderten feet broad.

An accusative case is sometimes put after adjec-

tives
and where
participles, the preposition secun-
dum,
appears to be understood, as
Os humerosque asello similis :
Like to a cod-fish as to his head and shoulders.
Some men are exceedingly like a cod-fish,as to
their head and shoulders, and they often endeavour
to increase this natural resemblance as much as
possible,by wearing gills.
The Ablative Case after the Adjective.
Adjectives which relate to plenty or want, times

some-
requirean ablative,sometimes a genitivecase, as
Amor et melle et felle est foecundissimus :
Love is very full both of honey and gall.

The honey of love is " we do not know exactlywhat.
Honey, however, is Latin for love,astheIrishman said.
The gallof love consists in
First. Tight boots, in which it is often

necessary
to do before our Ladys window. This is

penance
at all events very galling.

Secondly. In lover's sighs,to which it communi-
cates
their peculiar bitterness.
Thirdly. Another very galling thing in love is
being cut out.
Fourthly. Love is one of the passions treated of
by Gall and Spurzheim.

Adjectives and subsantives govern an ablative
case, signifying the cause and the form, or the
manner of a thing, as
Demosthenes vociferatione raucus erat :
Demosthenes was hoarse with bawling.
Nomine grammaticus, re barbarus :
A grammarian in name ; in realitya barbarian.
Like many of the old masters " we do not mean
painters though " we certainlyallude to brothers of

the brush "
perhaps it would be better to call thern
brothers of the angle, on account of their partiality

to the rod. Does the reader twig ? If so, it is
unnecessary to branch out into a discussion with
regard to the nature of the barbarity hinted at' " a
kind of barbarity which, though it may proclaim its
perpetrators to be by no means allied to the feline

race, connects them most decidedly with the canine
species.
Dignus, worthy ; indignus,unworthy ; prceditus.
endued ; captus, disabled ; contentus, content ; ex-
torris,banished ; fretus,relying upon ; liber, free ;
with adjectivessignifyingprice, requirean ablative
case, as
Leander dignus erat meliore fato :
Leander was worthy of a better fate.
Poor fellow ! first to be head over ears in love, and
then over head and ears in the sea ! Shocking !
What an heroic man he must have been.

young "
What a duck, too, the fair Hero must have thought

him as she watched him from her lonely tower,
nearing her moment, as he cleft with lusty
every
arm the foaming herring-pond. We mean the
Hellespont "
but no matter. What a goose he
must have been considered by any one else who
happened to know of his nightly exploits! How
miserably he was gulled at last ! Never mind. If
Leander went to the fishes for love, many a better
man than he, has, before and since, gone, from the
same cause, to the dogs.

Conscientia procuratoris solidis sex, denariis
octo, venale est:
A lawyer's conscience is to be sold for six and
eightpence.
Some of these, sometimes admit a genitivecase, as
Carmina digna deae :
Verses worthy of a goddess.

H 2
Whether the followingverses are worthy of a dess

god-
or not, we shall not attempt to decide ; they
were addressed to one at all events "
at least to a
being who, if idolizingconstitutes a goddess, may,

perhaps, be termed one. We met with them in
turning over the pages of an album.
Lines by a Fond Lover.
Lovely maid, with rapture swelling,

Should these pages meet thine eye.
Clouds of absence soft dispelling;

Vacant memory heaves a sigh.
As the rose, with fragrance weeping.

Trembles to the tuneful wave,
So heart shall twine unsleeping,

my
Till it canopies the grave !
Though another's smiles requited,

Envious fate my doom should be :
Joy for ever disunited,

Think, ah ! think, at times on me !
Oft amid the spicy gloaming.

Where the brakes their songs instil.
Fond affection silent roaming.
Loves to lingerby the rill "
There when echo's voice consoling.

Hears the nightingalecomplain,
Gentle sighs my lipscontrolling,

Bind my soul in beauty's chain.
Oft in slumbers deep recesses,
I thy mirror'd image see ;
Fancy mocks the vain caresses
I would lavish like a bee !
But how vain is sadness

glittering !
Hark, I hear distraction's knell !
Torture gildsmy heart with madness !
Now for ever fare thee well !
AN ALEDM AUTHOR.
It would be interestingas well as instructive to
settle the difference between love verses and sense

non-
verses, if this were the proper place for doing

so. But we are not yet come to the Prosody : nor
shall we arrive there very soon unless we get on
with the Syntax.

h3
90 THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAU.
Comparatives, Avhen they may be explained

by the word than, require an ablative
quam,
Achilles Agamemnone velocior erat :
Achilles was a faster man than Agamemnon.

F'asi men in modern times are very apt to outrun
the constable.
Tanto, by so much, quanto, by how much, hoc,
by this, eo, by this, and quo, by which ; with
some other words which signify the measure of
exceeding ; likewise setate, by age, and natu, by

birth, are often joined to comparatives and latives,
super-
as
Tanto deformissimus, quanto sapientissimus phi-

losophorum.
By so much the ugliest,by how must the wisest
of philosophers.
Such an one was Socrates. It is all very well
to have a contemplative disposition; but it need
not be accompanied by a contemplative nose.

Quo plus habent, eo plus cupiunt :
The more they have the more they want.
This is a curious fact in the natural history of

school-boys, considered in relation to roast beef
and plum pudding.

Maximum cetate virum in tota Kentuckia contudi ;
I whopped the oldest man in all Kentucky,

the comic latin grammar, 91
The Construction of Pronouns.
All those Avho would understand the construction
of pronouns, should take care to be well versed in
the distinction between meum and tuum, ignorance

of which often gives rise to the disagreeableneces-
sity
of becoming too intimately acquainted with
quod.
Mei, of me, tui, of thee, sui, of himself, nostri,
of us, vestri, of (the genitive cases of their
you,
primitives eô, tu, "c.) are used when a person is
signified,as
Languet desiderio tui :
He languishes for want of you.
You cannot give a more acceptable piece of infor-

mation
than the above, to any young lady. The
fairer and more amiable sex always like to have
something "
if not to love, at least to pity.
Parsque tui lateat corpore clausa meo. "
Eton Gram.
And a part of you may lie shut up in my body.

Or rather may it so lie ! How forciblya sucking
pig hanging up outside a pork-butcher'sshop always
recals this beautiful line of Ovid's to the mind !
Mens, mine, tuus, thine, suus, his own (Cock-

nice his'n, nosier, ours, vester, yours, are used when
action, or the possessionof a thing is signified

; as
Qui bona quae non sunt sua furtim subripit,ille

Tempore capitur,carcere clausus erit :
quo
Him as prigs wot isn 't his'n,

Ven he's cotch'd '11 go to pris'n.
These possessive pronouns, meus, tuus, siius,
noster, and vester, take after them these genitive

cases, " ipsius, of himself, solius, of him alone,
unius, of one, duormn, of two, trium, of three, "c.
omnium, of all, plurium, of more, paucorum, of
few, cujusque, of every one, and also the genitive

cases of which
participles, are referred to the tive
primi-
word understood ; as
Meis unius impensis pocula sex exhausi :
I drank six pots to my own cheek.
We wonder that any one should have the face to
say so.
Sui and suus are reciprocal pronouns, that is,

they have always relation to that which went before,
and was most to be noted in the sentence, as "
Jonathanus nimium admiratur se :
Jonathan admires himself too much.
Parcit erroribus suis, He his own errors.

spares
Magnopere Jonathanus rogat ne se derideas, Jona-
than
earnestlybegs that you would not laugh at him.
If you do, take care that he does not blow you up
one of these fine days.

These demonstrative pronouns, hie, iste,and ille
are thus distinguished

: hie points out the nearest
to me ; iste him who is by ; ille him who is

you
at a distance from both of us.
In making game of the Syntax, we regard them
as pointers.
When hie and ille are referred to two thingsor
persons going before, hie generally relates to the
latter, ille to the former, as
Richardus Thomasque suum de more bibebant,

Ebrius hie vappis, ebrius ille mero :
Both Dick and Tom caroused away like swine,
Tom drunk with swipes, and Dicky drunk with
wine.
The Construction of Verbs.
The Nominative Case after the Verb.
Verbs substantive, as sum, I am, forem, I might

be, fio,I am made, existo, I am ; verbs passive of
calling,as nominor, I am named, appellor,I am
called, dicor, I am said, vocor, I am called, nun-

cupor, I am named, and the like to them, as videor,

I am seen, habeor, I am accounted, existimor, I am
thought, have the same cases before and after
then), as
Adeps viridis est summum bonum :
Green fat is the chief good.

Even among the ancients, turtles were the emblems
of love ; which, next to eating and drinking, has

always been the first objectof human pursuit.This
fact proves, very satisfactorily,
two things, first,
their proficiencyin the science of gastronomy ; and,
secondly, their extreme of

susceptibility the tender
passion.
Pileus vocatur tegula:
A hat is called a tile.
Likewise all verbs in a manner admit after them
an which
adjective, agrees with the nominative case
of the verb, in case, gender, and number, as

Pii orant taciti. "

Eton Gram.
The pious pray silently.

Is this a si}'rap at the Quakers 1
The Genitive Case after the Verb.
Sum requires a genitive case as often as it nifies

sig-
possession,duty, sign, or that which relates
to any thing ; as
Quod rapidam trahit vEtatem pecus est Melibosi,

The cattle wot drags the Age, fast coach, is Meli-
boeus's.
Alas ! that such an Age should be banished by the
Aâ of rail-roads !"

let us hear the
Coachman's Lament.
Air. "
"
Oh give me but my Arab steed."
Farewell my ribbons, and, alack !
Farewell my tidy drag ;
Mail-coach-men now have got the sack,

And engineersthe bag.
My heart and whip alike are broke "
I've lost my varmint team
That used to cut away like smoke,

But could n't
go like steam.
It is,indeed, a bitter cuj),
Thus to be sent to pot ;
My bosom boils at boilingup

A gallopor a trot.
My very brain with fury 's rack'd,
That railways are the rage ;
I'm sure you'll never find them act,
Like our old English stage.

A man whose passion 's crost, is sore,
Then excuse my^;e^ ;

pray
I ne'er was overturn d before,
But now am quite upset.
These nominative cases are excepted from the
above rule, meum, mine, tuum, thine, suum, his,

noster, our, vester, your, humanum, human, bel-
luinum brutal, and the like, as

Non est tuum aviam instruere :
Don't teach grandmother to suck

your "
eggs.
Humanum est inebriari.
It is a human frailty " or an amiable weakness

to get drunk.
Lord Byron it to be human
proves a frailty.
"
3Ian being reasonable, must get drunk."
A UEASONABLE CREATURE.
Another poet (anon.) proves it to be an amiable
one, by establishingthe analogy which exists tween

be-
it and an intoxication of another kind "
"
Love is like a dizziness,
Never lets a poor man go about his business."
Verbs of accusing,condemning, advising,acquit-

ting,
and the like, require a genitive case which
signifiesthe charge ; as
Qui alterum accusat probri, cum ipsum se intu-
eri oportet.
It is fit that he who accuses another of dishonesty
should look into himself.
If this maxim were acted up to, what attorney

could we ever get to frame an indictment 1
Furti damnatus, "

ties menses" adeptus est :
Beingcondemnedof theft, he had "three months."
We do not see much fun in that. We cannot help

thinking, however, that "
Three Months at ton,"
Brix-
would form a taking (at least a thief-taking)

title for a novel.
Admoneto magistrum squalidarum vestium :
Put the master in mind of his seedy clothes.
That is if you want a (/ooddressing.

This genitive case is sometimes changed into an
ablative, either with or without a preposition,as

Putavi de calendis Aprilibus te esse admo-
nendum :
I thought that you ought to be reminded of the
first of April.
Young reader ! were you ever, on the above versary,
anni-
sent to the cobbler's for pigeons' milk, and
dismissed with strap-oil for your pains? Were
domestic and alimentive affections ever sported

your
with by the false intelligencethat a letter from
home and a large cake were waiting for you below 1
Or worse, did some waggish, but inconsiderate
friend ever send

you a fool's-capand a hamper of
stones 1
Reader, of a more advanced age, were you ever ?

"
but we cannot go on "
Oh ! Matilda " we might
have been your slave "
but it was cruel of you to
sell us in such a manner.
Uterque, both, nullus, none, alter,the other, neu-

ter,
neither of the two, alius, another, ambo, both,

and the superlative degree, are joined to verbs of
that kind only in the ablative case, as
Fratris, an asini, trucidationis accusas me ]
Utroque, sed sceleris unius :
Do you accuse me of killingmy brother or my

donkey 1 Of both ; but of one crime.
Satago, to be busy about a thing, misereor and
miseresco, to pity,requirea genitivecase, as
Qui ducit uxorem rerum satagit:

He who marries a wife has his hands full of
"'
business.
We hear frequentlyof lovers being distracted.
Husbands are much more so.
O ! tergimiserere mei non digna ferentis :
Oh ! have pity on back, sufferingthings

my
undeserved.
Reminiscor, to remember, obliviscor, to forget,

memini, to remember, recorder, to call to mind,
admit a genitiveor accusative case, as
Reminiscere nonarum Novembrium :
Remember the fifth of November.
No wonder that so many squibs are let off on that
i2
day ; considering the politicalfeeling connected

with it.
Hoc te spectantem me meminisse precor :
When this you see remember me.
How particularlyanxious all men and

young
women who are lovers, and all waiters and maids,
chamber-
whether they are lovers or no, besides men

coach-
and porters of all kinds, seem to be rememhered.
A coachman in one respect especiallyresembles a
lover ; he always wishes to be remembered by his
fare.
Potior, to gain,is joinedeither to a genitiveor to
an ablative case, as
Xantippe, marito subacto, femoralium potitafiiit.

Xantippe, her husband being overcome, gained
the breeches.
Terentius Thrace potitusest :
Terence got a Tartar.
At least he said he did, when he took the prisoner

who would n't let him come.
The Dative Case after the Verb.
All verbs govern a dative case of that thing to
or for which any thing is gotten or taken away, as
Diminuam tibi caput :
I will break your head.
Eheu ! mihi circulum ademit !
Oh dear, he has taken away my hoop !

What a thing it is to be a junior boy !
Verbs of various kinds belong to the above rule.
In the first place verbs signifyingadvantage or advantag

dis-
govern a dative case, as
Judaei ad commodandum nobis vivunt :
The Jews live to accommodate us. ' /
Or accommodate us to live "

which ]
Of these juvo, laedo delecto, and some others,
require an accusative case, as
Maritum quies plurimum juvat :
Rest much delightetha married man when

very "
he can get it.

Verbs of comparing a dative case, as

govern
Ajacem "
Surdo" componere ssepe solebam :
I was often accustomed to compare Ajax to the
"
Deaf un," "
not because he was hard of hearing,
but hard in hitting.
Sometimes, however, they require an ablative
case with the preposition cum ; sometimes an
accusative case with the prepositions ad and
inter, as
Comparo Pompeium cum gloho nivali :
I compare Pompey with a snow-ball.
Pompey is called in the schools a proper name.
Whether it is a proper name for a nigger or not,
be questioned. It may also be doubted ther

whe-
may
a negro can ever rightly be called "

snow-ball,"
except he be an ice man ; in which case even
though he should be the knave of clubs, it is obvious
that he ought never to be black balled.
Si ad pensum verberatio comparetur nihil est :
If a flogging be compared to an imposition, it is
nothing.
A flogging is a fly-blow, or at least a êa-blow
to the boy, and a task only to the master ; whereas
as imposition is a task to the boy, and very often
a verse task.
Verbs of giving and of restoring govern a dative
case, as
Learius unicuique filiarum dimidium coronse dedit :
Lear gave his daughters half-a-crown a-piece.

Hence we are enabled to gain some notion of the
great value of in the time of the Ancient

money
Britons.
Verbs of promising and of paying govern a
dative case; as
Menelaus Paridi fustuarium promisit:

Menelaus promised Paris a drubbing.
'.' Gubernatoris" est pendere sartoribus pecuniam :
It is the place of "

the governor" to pay tailors.
Hence young men may learn how desirable it is
to be "
in statu pupillari." True, in that state of
felicity,
they are somewhat under control, but the
above example, and many others of a like nature,
sufficiently
prove, that such restriction, compared
to the of manhood,
responsibilities is but a minor
inconvenience.
Verbs of commanding and tellinggovern a dative
case, as
Alexander, vinosus, animis imperare non potuit :

Alexander, when drunk, could not command his
temper.
Thus, in a state of beer, he committed slaughter
man-
at least, by kilHng and slaying his friend
Clitus. We could not resist the temptation to tion

men-
this fact, since, as we have so often laughed at
its narration in those interestingcompositions called

themes, we thought there must needs be something
funny about it. Alexander the Great, be it
very
remarked, for the special behoof of schoolboys,

furnishes an example of any virtue or vice descanted
on in any task or poem under the sun.

prose
Antonio dixit Augustus Lepidum veteratoreni
fuisse.
Augustus told Antony that Lepidus was a
humbug.
We don't know exactly where this historical fact
is mentioned. Lepidus is di funny name.
Except, from the foregoing rule, rego, to rule.

guberno, to govern, which have an accusative case ;
tempero and moderor, to rule, which have times

some-
a dative, sometimes an accusative case ; as
Luna regitministros :
The moon rules the ministers.
That is to
say, when it is at the full,and resembles
a great 0.
Prseco pauperes gubernat :
The beadle governs the paupers.
Non semper temperat ipse sibi :
He does not always govern himself.
Non animos mollit proprios,nee temperat iras :
He neither softens his own mind, nor tempers

his anger.
Ecce, Ducrow moderatur equos :
Lo, Ducrow manages the horses.
Q. Why is a general officer like a writing-

master ?
A. Because he is a ruler of lines.
Verbs of trustinggovern a dative case, as
Credite, focmineae, juvencs, committere menti,
Nil nisi lene decet.
Believe me, young men, it is fit to entrust thing

no-
to a female mind but what is soft.

In fact, soft nothings are fittest for the ear of a
lady.
Pomarius poetae non credit :
The costermonger trusts not the poet.

How wrong, therefore, it is to call him a green
grocer.
Verbs of complying with and of opposing govern
a dative case, as
Nunquam obtemperat tiro hodiernus magistro :

A modern apprentice never obeys his master.
Verbs of threatening and of being angry govern
a dative case, as
Utrique latronum mortem est minitatus :
He threatened death to both of the robbers, "
By presenting a pistolright and left at each of
them. This when done by some well-disposed

sailor in a melodrame, constitutes a situation of
interest.
thrilling
Sum with its compounds, except possum, governs
a dative case, as
Oculi nigrinon semper sunt faciei ornamentum :
Black are not always an ornament to the

eyes
face.
Verbs compoundedwith these adverbs, bene, well,

satis,enough, male, ill,and with these prepositions,
prse, ad, con, sub, ante, post, ob, in, inter, for the
most part govern a dative case, as
Saginatio multis hominibus benefacit :
Cramming does good to

many men.
For instance, it docs good to aldermen, especially

in these days of reform, hy enlarging the ration.
Corpo-
Cramming, or rather the effect of it,bene-
fits
medical men, who again do good to their ents

pati-
by cramming them in another way. There is
also a species of cramming which is found very

serviceable at the Universities,by enablingcertain

students to pass in a crowd.
OH ! niCRE 'S A C'MPLIMENT.
In this respect however it differs essentially

from
aldermanic cramming, which enhances the difficulty

of such a feat in a very remarkable manner.
Puellse, aliae aliis prselucere

student :
Girls endeavour to outshine one another.
And yet they make light,as much as they can, of
each others charms and accomplishments.

Intempestive parum longe prospicientiDoctori
adlusit.
'
"SottUi. 'Côf^-v^ "
He joked unseasonably on the short-sighted

Doctor.
Johnson was not so short-sighted

as to be blind to
a joke.
Not a few of the verbs mentioned in the last rule,
sometimes change the dative into another case ; as
Praestat ingenio alius alium :
One exceeds another in ability.
Thus one boy learns Latin and Greek better than
the rest ; another learns slang. One is a good hand
at construing,another at climbing. Some boys

are peculiarlyskilled at castingaccounts, others in
casting stones. Here we have a boy of a small
appetite and many words, there one of a large

appetite and few words. Sometimes precocious
talent is evinced for playing the fiddle, sometimes
K
for playing a stick ; sometimes, again, a strong

propensity is discovered for playing the fool. This
boy makes verses, as it were, by inspiration; that
boy shows an equal capacity in making mouths.
The most peculiar talent,however, and the one most
exclusive of all others, is that of riding. Those who
are destined to attain great proficiencyin this sci-

ence,
can seldom do any thing else ; and usually

begin their career by being horsed at school.
Est, for habeo to have, governs a dative case, as
Est mihi qui vestes custodit avunculus omnes :
I have an uncle who takes care of all my clothes.
Suppetit,it sufficeth,is like to this, as

Pauper enim non est cui rerum suppetitusus :
For he is not poor, to whom the use of things

suffices.
The two last examples must suggest a rather
alarming idea to those who are accustomed to

pitiate
pro-
the relation to whom we have just alluded,
by relinquishing their habits. Is it possible that
he can ever use one's things? We recommend this
query to the serious consideration of theatrical sons,

per-
and all others who are addicted to spouting.
Sum Avith many others admits a double dative
case, as
Exitio est avidis alvus pueris :

The belly is the destruction of greedy boys.
Particularlythose of Eton College.
THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR. Ill
Sometimes this dative case tibi,or sibi, or also
mihi, is added for the sake of elegance in expres-

sion,
as
Cato suam sibi uxorem Hortensio vendidit :
Cato sold his own wife to Hortensius.
only lent her. The fact probably

say he
Some most
is,that the lady,being tired of her husband, wished
to be Bi-loan.
K 2
112 the comic latin grammar.
The Accusative Case after the Verb.
Verbs transitive,of what kind soever, whether
active, deponent, or common, require an accusative
Procuratorem fugito,nam subdolus idem est :
Avoid an attorney, for the same is a cunning

rogue.
Yet the legalprofession are always boasting of
their deeds.
Verbs neuter have an accusative case of a like
signification
to themselves, as
Pomarii asinus duram servit servitutem :
A coster-monger's donkey serves a hard servitude.
Poor animal ! A Sterne heart was once melted by

thy sufferings "
how then must they affect that of
the gentle reader ?
There are some verbs which have an accusative
case by a figure,as
Nee vox hominem sonat :
Nor does your voice sound like a human ture's.

crea-
This be said of boys of various kinds a,9

may "
pot-boys, butcher's boys, baker's boys, and other
boys who are in the habit of bawling down areas ;
also of several descriptions of men, as cab-men,

coach-men, watch-men, and dust-men. The same
likewise be asserted of some women, such

may
as apple-women, oyster-Avomen, fish-women, and
match-women. Here also the singing of charity

children of both and the voices of
sexes, parish-
clerks, may be specified, and, lastly,of many
foreignerswhose names terminate in ini.
Verbs of asking, of teaching,of clothing,and

of concealing,commonly govern two accusative
cases, as
Ego docebo te, adolescentule, lectiones tuas :
I'll teach you your lessons, young man.
This speech is usually the prelude to something

which elicits that exemplification of the vocative
case which has been given in the first part of the

Grammar.
Some verbs of this kind have an accusative case
even in the passive voice, as
Bis denos poscerisversus de scoparum manubrio :
You are required to make twenty verses on a
broomstick.
Why should not a broomstick form the subject of

a poeticaleffusion, when the material of the broom
itself is so often used in schools to stimulate ventive

in-
genius ?
K 3
114 THE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAK.
Nouns appellative are commonly added with a
prepositionto verbs which denote motion, as
Interea ad templum non sequae Palladis ibant
Crinibus Iliades passis. Virgil.

In the mean time the Trojan woman went to the
temple of unfriendly Pallas with their hair about
their ears.
How odd they must have looked. Here we take
occasion to remind schoolboys never to lose an
opportunity of giving a comic rendering to any

word or phrase susceptiblethereof, which they may
meet with in the course of their reading. To
say
"
crinibus passis", with dishevelled"
hair" "
would be to give a very feeble and spiritless lation.

trans-
Vir is literallyconstrued man ; some
school-masters will have it called hero, " we propose

to translate it cove. So dapes may be rendered
grub, or perhaps prog ; aspera Juno, crusty Juno ;
animain efflare, to kick the bucket ; capere fugam,

to cut one's stick, or lucky ; confectus, knocked up ;
fraudatus, choused ; contundere, to whop, "c. "c.
The Ablative Case after the Verb.
Every verb admits an ablative case, signifying

the instrument, or the cause, or the manner of an
action, as
Pulvere nitrato Catilina senatum subruere voluit :
Catiline wished to blow up the Parliament. tiline

Ca-
was a regularGuy.
A noun of price is put after some words in the
ablative case, as
Ovidius solidis duobus fibulas siphonem ascen-
dere fecit :
Ovid pawned his buckles for two shillings.

The sipho was a tube, pipe, or spout, projecting
from the shops of pawnbrokers, of whom there is
reason to believe that there were a great

every
in ancient Rome Into this sipho the pledges
many
where placed in order to be conveyed to the adytum
or secret recess of the dwelling. Vide Casaubon
de Avunc : Roman.
Vili, at a low rate, paulo, for little,

minimo. for
very little,magno, for much, nimio, for too much,
plurimo, for very much, dimidio, for half,duplo, for

twice as much, are often put by themselves, the
word, pretio,price, being understood, as
Vili venit cibus caninus :
Dog's meat is sold at a low rate.
These genitive cases put without substantives are
excepted, tanti,for so much, quanti,for how much,
pluris,for more, minoris, for less, quantivis,for as
much as you please, tantidem, for just so much,
quantilibet,for what you will, quanticunque for

how much soever, as
Non es tanti : You're no great shakes.

Flocci, of a lock of wool, nauci, of a nut-shell,
nihili,of nothing, assis, of a penny, pih, of a hair,

Imjus, of tins, teruncii, of a farthing,are added
very properly to verbs of esteeming, as

Nee verberationem flocci pendo, nee ferula per-
cussionem piliaestiino :
I don't value a flogginga straw, nor do I regard

a spattinga hair.
A boy who can say this, must have a brazen
front, and an iron back, and be altogethera lad of
viettle.
Verbs of abounding, of of loading,

filling, and
their contraries, are joined to an ablative case, as
Tauris abundat Hibernia :
Ireland aboundeth in bulls.
This circumstance it most probably was which gave

rise to the Tales of the O'Hara family.
We once heard a son of Erin, while undergoing
the operation of bleeding from the arm, remark
that that would be an easy way of cutting one's
throat.
Some of these sometimes govern a genitive

case, as
Optime ostrearum implebantur ;

They had a capitalblow out of oysters.
We are sorry to remark that these are the only

native productions patronized by great people.
Fungor, to discharge,fruor, to enjoy,utor, to use,
vescor, to live upon, dignor, to think one's self

tHE COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR. 117
wottliy,muto, to change, communico, to nicate,

commu-
supersedeo, to pass by, are joined to an
ablative case, as
Qui adipiscicoenas optimas volet, leonis fungatur

officiis.
He who shall desire to obtain excellent dinners,

should dischargethe office of a lion.
In which case he will come in for the "

lion's share."
Q. Why is the lion of a party like one of the
grand sources of prejudice mentioned by Lord

Bacon ]
A. Because he is the Idol of the den.

Mereor, to deserve, with these adverbs, bene,

well, satis,enough, male, ill,melius, better, pejus,
worse, optime, very well, pessime, very ill, is
joined to an ablative case with the preposition
de, as
De libitinario medicus bene meretur :
The doctor deserves well of the undertaker.
Notwithstanding it might at first sightappear, that
the doctor, in furnishing funerals, invades the
undertaker's province.
Some verbs of receiving,of being distant, and
of taking away, are sometimes joined to a dative
case, as
Augustus eripuitmihi nitorem :
Augustus has taken the shine out of me.
Last Dying Speech of M. Antony.

An ablative case, taken absolutely,is added to
some verbs, as
Porcis volentibus Isetissime epulabimur :

Please the pigs we'll have a jollygood dinner.
The pig had divine honours paid to it by the ancient
Greeks. "
Jos. Scalig.de Myst. Eleusin.
An ablative case of the part affected, and by

the poets an accusative case, is added to some
verbs, as
Qui animo aegrotat, eum aera risum moventem
ducere oportet.
He who is sick in mind should breathe the ing
laugh-
gas.
Much learned controversy has been expended in
endeavouring to determine whether this gas was
the exhalation by which it is supposed that the
ancient Pythonesses were affected.
Rubet nasum : Candet :

genas
His nose is red. His cheeks are pale.
Some of these words are used also with the tive
geni-
case, as
Angitur animi juvenis iste, et mundum indig-

natur.
That young man is grieved in mind and disgusted

with the world.
Such a man is called by the ladies an interesting

young man.
Verbs Passive.
An ablative case of the doer (but with the position

pre-
a or ab going before), and sometimes also
a dative case, is added to verbs passive, as
Darius eleganterab Alexandro victus est :
Darius was elegantlylicked by Alexander.
The other cases continue to belong to verbs sive

pas-
which belonged to them as verbs active, as
Titanes laesae majestatisaccusati sunt :
The Titans were indicted for high treason.
And being found guilty Avere quartered in a very

uncomfortable manner, as well as drawn by various
artists, whose skill in execution has been much
commended.
Vapulo, to be beaten, veneo, to be sold, liceo,

to be prized, exulo, to be banished, fio, to be
made, neuter passives, have a passive tion,

construc-
as
A prseceptore vapulabis. Eton Gram.
You will be beaten by the master.
It appears to us that vapulo, to be beaten, is

here at all events more susceptible of a passive
construction than a funny one.
Malo a cive spoliariquam ab hoste venire. Eton
Gram.
I had rather be stripped by a citizen than sold
by an enemy.
The Romans were regularlysold by the enemy
for once, when they had to under the yoke.
go
Verbs of the Infinitive Mood.
Verbs of the infinitive mood are put after some
verbs, participles,
and adjectives,and substantives
also by the poets, as
Timotheus ursos saltare fecit :
Timotheus made the bears dance.
This was done in ancient as it is in modern times,

by playing the Pandean pipes.
Inconcinnus erat cerni Telamonius Ajax ;
Ajax (ut refer unt) vir bonus ire minor :

The Telamonian Ajax was a rum un to look at ;
The lesser Ajax (as they say) a good un to

go.
The Grecians used to call Ajax senior, the fighting
cock, and Ajax junior,the running cock.
Verbs of the infinitive mood are sometimes
placed alone by the figureellipsis,

as
Siphonum de more oculis demittere fluctus
Dardanidae :
The Trojans (began understood) to pipe their eyes.

As for ^neas he might have been a town crier.
Gerunds and Supines
govern the cases of their own verbs, as
EfFeror studio pulices industries videndi :
I am transported with the desire of seeing the
industrious fleas.
Gerunds.
"
When Dido found ^neas would not come,
She mourned in silence, and was Di-do-dum."
Gerunds in di have the same construction as
genitive cases, and depend both on certain stantives

sub-
and adjectives,as
Londinensem innatus amor civem urget edendi :
An innate love of eatingexcites the London citizen.
People are accustomed to utter a great deal of

cant about the intellectual poverty of civic magis-
trates,
and common councilmen in general ; but it
must be allowed that those respectableindividuals

have often a great deal in them.
TUtlTl "" ALDEKMANICUS.
Gerunds in do have the same construction with
ablative, and gerunds in dum with accusative
cases, as
Scribendi ratio conjuncta cum loquendo est :
The means of writing are joined with speaking.

Some things are written preciselyafter the writer's
way of speaking. We once, for example, saw the
followingnotice posted in a gentleman's preserve.
Whear 'as Gins and Engens are Set on
Thes Grouns for the Destruction Of
Varmint, Any trespassingWill be prossy-

Cuted a-cordin Too Law.
Locus ad agendum amplissimus :

A place very honourable to plead in.
It may be questioned whether Cicero would have
said this of the Old Bailey.

When necessityis signified,
the gerund in duni is
used without a the

preposition, verb est being added,
Cavendum est ne deprensus sis :
You must take care you 're not caught out.

A piece of advice of special importance to school-

boys
on many occasions, such as the following;

shirking down town ; making devils, or lettingoff
gunpowder behind the school, or in the yard ; ducting
con-
a foray or predatory excursion in gardens

and orchards ; emulating Jupiter,a la Salmoneus, "
in his attribute of Cloud-Compelling by blowing " a
cloud, or to speak in the vernacular, indulgingin a
cigar; hoistinga frog; tailinga dog or cat, or in
any other way acting contrary to the precepts of

the Animals' Friend Society; learning to construe
on the Hamiltonian system ; furtivel}'

denuding the
birch-rods of their "

budding honours." Cum
multis aliis quae nunc perscriberelongum est.
Gerunds are also changed into nouns adjective,

as
Ad faciendos versus molestum est :
It is a bore to make verses.
This being a self-evident proposition,

we shall not
enlarge upon it.
The supine in um actively,and

signifies follows
a verb expressing motion to a place, as
Spectatum veniunt, veniunt spectentur ut ipsae:

They come to see, they come that they selves
them-
may be seen.
So said, or sung the poet Ovid. Was there an
opera at Rome in his time ?
The supine in u passively,and

signifies follows
nouns adjective,
as
Quod olfactu foedum est, idem est et esu turpe :
That which is foul to be smelled, is also nasty to
be eaten.
Except venison, onions, and cheese.
Nouns of time and Place.
Time.
Tempus "
time. There is a story, mentioned
(we quote from memory) by the learned Joe ler;
Mil-
of a fellow who seeing "Tempus Fugit" scribed

in-
upon a clock, took it for the name of the
artificer.
Persons who have lived a hngiime in the world,
are generallyaccounted saeje ; and are sometimes
considered to have had a good seasoning.

Nouns which signifya part of time are put more
commonly in the ablative case, as
Nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit :

No mortal man is wise at all hours.
The excuse of a philosopherfor gettingmarried.

But nouns which signifythe duration of time are
commonly put in the accusative case, as
Pugna inter juvenem Curtium et Titum Sabinum
ires horas perduravit.

The fight between young Curtius and Sabine
Titus lasted three hours.
It is an error to suppose that Roman mills were
only water-mills and wind-mills. The above mill
l3
mu'^t have been rather a

"
winder" though, and
must have cost the combatants much pains.

We say also : in paucis diebus, in a few days :
de die, by day, de nocte, by night,"c,

A jestupon the nouns of Time would, perhaps,
be somewhat ill timed : we hope, however, to have
Space for one presently.
The Space of a Place.
Tlie space of a place is put in the accusative,

and sometimes also in the ablative, as
Ceesar jam mille processerat, summa

passus
diligentia.
Csesar had now advanced a mile with the greatest
diligence " not on the top of the vehicle so named,
as a young gentleman was once floggedfor saying.
Qui non abest a schola centenis millibus passuum,
balatronem novi.
I know a blackguard who is not absent a hundred
miles from the school.

"
Cantare et apponere" to sing and apply, is
the maxim we would here inculcate on our ful

youth-
readers.
Every verb admits a genitivecase of the name
of a cityor town in which thing takes place,

any
so that it be of the first or second declension, and
of the singularnumber, as
Quid Romfe faciam ? mentiri nescio :
What shall I do at Rome ? I know not how to lie.

What a bare-faced perversion of the truth that cock
and bull story is of Curtius jumping into the hole in
the forum. How the Romans managed to get credit

from body but the tailors is to
any us a mystery.
These genitive cases, humi, on the ground, domi,
at home, militisB, in war, belli, in war, follow the
construction of proper names, as
Parvi sunt foris anna nisi est consilium domi :
Arms are of little worth abroad unless there be
wisdom at home.
Cicero must have said this with a prospective eye

to Canada.
But if the name of a city or town shall be of the
plural number only, or of the third declension, it
is put in the ablative case, as
Aiunt centum portas Thebis fuisse :
They say there were an hundred gates at Thebes.
You needn't believe it unless you like.
Egregia Tibure facta videnda sunt :
Fine doings are to be seen at Tivoli.
Tlie name of a place is often put after verbs nifying

sig-
motion to a place in the accusative case
without a preposition,as
Concessi Cantabrigiam ad capiendum ingenii
cultum :
I went to Cambridge to become a fast man.
After this manner we use domus, a house, and

rus, the country, as Rus ire jussus sum, I was
rusticated. Domum missus eram, I was sent home.
Going too fast at Cambridge sometimes tates,

necessi-
in two senses, a dose of country air.

The name of a place is sometimes added to verbs
signifyingmotion from a place, in the ablative case
without a proposition,as
Arbitror te Virginia veteri venisse :
I reckon you've come from old Virginny.
Verbs Impersonal.
Verbs impersonal have no nominative case, as
Scenas post tragicasmultum juvat ire sub umbras :
After a tragedy it is very pleasantto go under the
Shades.
The worst of these "

Shades" is, that people
are now and then apt to get rather "
too much in
the sun" there.
These impersonals, interest,it concerns, and re-
fert,it concerns, are joined to any genitive cases,

except these ablative cases feminine, mea, tua,
sua, nostra, vestra, and cuja, as
Interest tueri insulsos,animadvertere

magistratiis
in acres.
It concerns the magistrate to defend the flats ;
to punish the sharps.

These genitive cases also, are added, tanti, of so
much, quanti, of how much, magni, of much,

parvi, of little,quanticunque, of how much soever,
tantidem, of just so much ; as
Tanti refert honesta asrere ;
Of such consequence is it to do honest things.
By this course of conduct, you certainly render

yourselfworthy of the protection of the magistrate ;
although whether you thereby constitute yourself a
flat or not, is perhaps a doubtful question. Much
be said on both sides. Dishonesty, it is

may
true, may lead to being taken up ; but then honesty

often leads to being taken in. Yet honesty is
said to be the best policy. Policy is a branch of
wisdom, and "

wisdom" they say
"
is in the wig.
Certain ivigs are retained at the head "
of affairs.
by a good deal of policy ; perhaps the best they

could adopt "
a fact that throws considerable doubt
on the truth of the old maxim.
Impersonal verbs which are put acquisitively,

require a dative case ; but those which are put
transitivelyan accusative, as "

A rainistris nobis benefit :
We enjoy blessingsfrom Ministers.
For instance "

No "
We cannot think of any
just at present.
Me juvat lunam et "
Isabellam''
per errare,
cantare :
I like to wander by moonlight, and sing

"
Isabelle."
The connexion between love and moonlight is as
interestingas it is certain. We shrewdly suspect

that the said planet has more to do with the tender
passion than lovers are aAvare of.
But the preposition ad is peculiarly atMed to
these verbs " attinet, it belongs, pertinet, it tains,

per-
spectat, it concerns, as
Spectat ad omnes bene vivere :
It concerns all to live well "
When they can afford it.
An accusative case with a genitive is put after
these verbs impersonal "

it repents, taedet,
poenitet,
it wearies, miseret, miserescit, it pities,pudet, it
shames, piget, it grieves, as "
"
Nihil me poenitet hujus nasi" "
Trist : Shahd :
"
My nose has been the making of me."
A verb impersonal of the passive voice may be gantly

ele-
taken for each person of both numbers ; that
is to
say, by virtue of a case added to it.
Thus statur is used for sto, stas, stat, stamus.

statis,stant. Statur a me; it is stood by me, that is,
I stand ; statur ab illis : it is stood by them, or they

stand.
King George the Fourth's statue at King's Cross
is a standingjoke.
Manufaetorj/ I'' '

132 the comic latin grammar,
The Construction of Participles.
Participles govern the cases of the verbs from
which they are derived, as "
Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

Talia voce refert :
Stretching forth his hands to heaven, he utters
such things.
This reminds us of the Italian opera.

A dative case is sometimes added to participles
of the passive voice, especiallywhen they end in
dus, as "
Sollicito nasus rutilans metuendus amanti est :
A fierynose is to be feared by an anxious lover.
Participles,when they become nouns, require a
genitive case, as "

Vectigalisappetens, lingua?profusus:
Greedy of rint, lavish of blarney.
Exosus, hating, perosus, utterly hating, perta?-

sus, weary of, signifyingactively,require an sative
accu-
case, as "
Philosophus exosus ad unam mulieres :
A philosopherhating women in general, i. e. a
Malthusian.
Exosus, hated, and perosus, hated to death, sig-

nifying
passively,are read with a dative case, as
Comoedi Sanctis exosi sunt :
The comedians are hated by the saints.
We mean the Quixotes,

spiritual or Knights of the
Rueful Countenance. We "

calculate" that they
will be the greatest patrons of rail roads, sidering
con-
their dislike to the stage.

Natus, born, prognatus, born, satus, sprung,
cretus, descended, creatus, produced, ortus, risen,

editus, brought forth, require an ablative case, and
often v/ith a preposition,as "
Tafhus, bonis prognatus parentibus, cerevisiam

baud tenuem de sese existimat :
Taffy, sprung of good parents, thinks no small
beer of himself.
De Britannis Antiquis se jactatcditum :
He boasts of being descended from the Ancient
Britons.
M
Q. Why is the eldest son of a King of England

like a Leviathan ?
A. Because he is the Prince of Wales.
The Co?"sTRrcTioN of Adverbs.
En and ecce, adverbs of shoAving,are joined

most commonly to a nominative case, to an sative
accu-
case but seldom, as
En Romanus : See the Roman (q. rum-un.)

Ecce Corinthium : Behold the Corinthian.
Modern Corinthians, we fear,know but little Greek,
except that of the ^gidiac, or St. Giles's dialect.
En and ecce, adverbs of upbraiding, are joined

most commonly to an accusative case only, as "
En togam squamosam !
Look at his scaly toga !
Ecce caudam ! Twig his tail !
,^ (S
r^^-^
'^^.A^^mf"
__
y^//////
iLD O M " ST 1 "C E L OC U.f
"
NORV."i"= ON " S-U-. CR'

Certain adverbs of time, place, and quantity,

admit a genitivecase, as
Ubi gentium est Quadra Russelliana ?
Where in the world is Russell Square ?
We must confess that this question is exquisitely

absurd.
Nihil tunc temporis amplius flere poteram

quam :
I could do nothing more at that time than weep.

Talking of weeping "
how odd it is that an tionate
affec-
wife should cry when her husband is trans-
ported
for life.
Satis eloquentiae,sapientiae
parum :
Eloquence enough, wisdom little enough.
This quotation appliesvery forcibly[to

domestic tory
ora-
as practisedby small boys at the instigation

of their mamma, for the amusement of visitors.
Those on whom "

little bird with boothom wed,"
deep in the windingths ofo. whale," or
"
name
ray
is Nawval," and the like recitations are inflicted,
have "
satis eloquentiae" enough "
of eloquence, in
all conscience ; and we cannot but think that "

pientiae
sa-
parum,"
"
wisdom little enough" is di*^-
played by all the other partiesconcerned.

Some adverbs admit the cases of the nouns from
which they are derived, as
Juvenis benevolus sibi inutiliter vivit :
The good-natured lives

young man unprofitably
to himself "
M 2
Especially if he have a large circle of female quaintance.

ac-
These adverbs of diversity aliter,otherwise, and

,
secus, otherwise ; and these two, ante, before, and
post, after,are often joined to an ablative case, as "
Plure aliter. More t'other.
Muito ante. Much before.
Paulo post. Little behind.
Those who are much before, are guilty of a great
waste "
of time;" and those who are little behind
should make it up by a hustle.
Instar, like or equal to, and ergo, for the sake
of, being taken as adverbs, have a genitive case

after them, as "
Instar montis equum divina Paladis arte
-^dificant :
By the divine assistance of Pallas they build a
house as big as a mountain.
This may incredible ; yet the learned Mun-

appear
chausenius relates prodigiesmuch more astonishing.
Mentitur Virgiliusleporisergo :
Virgiltells lies for fun.
As may be sufficiently
seen in the example before the
last,and also in the sixth book of the ^neid, passim.
The Construction of Conjunctions.
Conjunctions copulativeand disjunctive,couple

like cases, moods, and tenses, as
Socrates docuit Xenophontem et Platonem geo-
graphiam, astronomiam, et rationem globorum :
Socrates taught Xenophon and Plato geograpliy,

astronomy, and the use of the globes.
Q. How may a waterman answer the politein-
terrogatio
"'Who are you?'"correctly,and nate

desig-
at the same time, an educational institution.
A. By saying A-cad-am-I.
The foregoingrule (not riddle)holds good, unless
the reason of a different construction requires it
should be otherwise, as
Emi librum centussi et pluris:

I bought a book for a hundred pence, and more,
"
lOOd. are 85. 4f/."" Walkinghame.
M 3
The conjunction,quam, than, is often understood

after amphus, more, plus, more, and minus, less,as
AmpUus sunt sex menses :
There are more than six months.
For this piece of

interesting information we are debted
in-
to Cicero. The author to whom reference
has just been made, has somewhere, if we mistake
not, a similar observation. In thus ushering the
Tutor's Assistant into notice, we feel that we are
citinga Avork of which it is impossible to make too
comical mention.
Thank goodness there are not more than six
months in a half year !
To WHAT Moods of Verbs certain Adverbs
AND Conjunctions do agree.
Ne, an, num, whether put doubtfullyor indefi-

nitely,
are joined to a subjunctivemood, as "
Nihil refert fecerisne an persuaseris :

It matters nothing whether you have done it or
persuaded to it "
as the school -master said when he got hold of the
wrong end of the cane.
Here it may be remarked " First, that the young

gentlemen who play tricks with tallow are likely to
get more whacks than they like on their fingers.

Secondly "
That a master whose hand is in Grease
cannot be expected to be at the same time in
A-merry-key.
Dum, for dummodo, so that, and quousque,
until, requires a subjunctivemood, as "
Dum felix sis, quid refert ?
What's the odds, so long as you're happy.

Qui, signifyingthe cause, requires a subjunctive
mood, as
Stultus es qui Ovidio credas :
You are a fool for believing Ovid.
Ut, for, postquam after that, sicut, as, and quo-
inodo, how, is joined to an indicative mood ; but
when it signifiesquanquam, although utpote, asmuch

for-
as, or the final cause, to a subjunctive

mood, as
Ut sumus in Ponto ter frigoreconstitit Ister :
Since that we are in Pontus the Danube has
stood frozen three times.
Were skating and sliding classical accomplish-

ments
] Ambition, know, led of the
we many
Romans to tread on slijjperyground : many of
them struck out new paths, but none (that we have
heard of) ever struck out a slide. Imagine Cato
or Seneca "
coming the cobbler's knock."
Te oro, domine, ut exeam :
I^lease,sir, let me go out.
Lastly, all words put indefinitely,such as are
these, quis, who, quantus, how great, quotus, how
many, require a subjunctivemood, as

Cave cui incurras, inepte:

Mind who run against,stupid.
you
Such may have been the speech of a Roman cabman.
A curious specimen of the tessera, or badge,

very
worn on the breast by this descriptionof persons,
has latelybeen discovered at Herculaneum.
the comic latin grammar. 141
The construction of Prepositions.
A prepositionbeing understood, sometimes causes
an ablative case to be added, as
Habeo pigneratorem loco avunculi ; z. e. in loco :
I esteem a pawnbroker in the place of an uncle ;
that is, in loco.

A prepositionin composition sometimes governs
the same case which it also governed out of compo-
sition,
as
JupiterOlympo Vulcanum calce exegit :

Jupiter kicked Vulcan out of Olympus.
This was not only an ungentlemanly, but also an
ungodly act on Jupiter's part. Reasoning a teriori,

pos-
one would think it must have been very
unpleasant to Vulcan.
Proeteriit me in Quadrante insalutatum :
He cut me in the Quadrant.
Verbs compounded Avith a, ab, de, e, ex, in,

sometimes repeat the same prepositionswith their
case out of composition, and that elegantly,as

Abstinuerunt a vino :
They abstained from wine.
This properly is an allusion to the Tiber-totallers.
It should be remembered that tea was unknown in
Rome, except as the accusative case of a pronoun.
In, for, erga, towards, contra, against,ad, to, and
above, requires an accusative case, as

supra,
Quietum
Accipit in pueros animum mentemque benignam :
He admits kind thoughts and inclinations towards
the boys.
The master does "
when he gives them a half ho-
liday
or a blow out. Mr. Squeers (vide Nicholas

Nick : illustriss. Boz.) was in the habit of making
much of the young gentlemen intrusted to his care.
Sub, when it relates to time, is commonly joined

to an accusative case, as
Sub idem tempus "

Isaaculus trans maria depor-
tatus est
About the same time "

Ikey was transported
beyond the seas.
We say beyond the seas, lest it should be questioned

whether Mr. I. was transported as a necessary or
contingent consequence of cheating.

Super, for,ultra, beyond, is put with an tive
accusa-
case, for de, concerning,with an ablative case, as
Super et Garamantas et Indos
Proferet imperium :
He will extend the empire both beyond the
Africans and the Indians.
A wide rule expressed in poeticalmeasure.

Quid de domesticis Peruviorum rebus censeas ?
What may be your opinion concerning the mestic

do-
economy of the Peruvians]

Tenus, as far as, is joined to an ablative case,
both in the singularand plural number, as
Cervice, auribusque tenus Marius in luto inve-
niebatur :
Marius was found to his neck and ears in mud.

up
What a lark ! or rather a mud lark. But tenus is
joined to a genitiveonly in the plural,and it always

follows its case, as
Crurum tenus : up to the legs.

Which it is very to be at Epsom and
necessary
Ascot.
The Construction of Interjections.
Interjections
are often put without a case, as
Spem gregis,ah ! silice in nuda connixa reliquit:

Having yeaned, she left the hope of the flock,
alas! upon the bare flint stones.
And exposed to the 5êe/y-hearted world, which,

as an Irishman remarked, was a dangerous situation
for tinder infancy. It must have been, to

say the
least, a most uncomfortable berth.
O ! of one exclaiming, is joined to a nominative,

accusative, and vocative case, as
O lex ! Oh law ! O alaudas. Oh larks ! Oh
meum ! Oh ! O care ! Oh dear !

my
We cannot find out what is Latin for oh Crikey !
Heii ! and proh ! alas ! are joined, sometimes to
a nominative, sometimes to an accusative, and
occasionally to a vocative case, as "

Heu bellis !
Lack-a-fZcmy. Heu diem ! Lack-a-"fay. Proh
Clamor ! Oh cry ! Proh deos pisciculosque! Oh,
ye gods and little fishes !
Heu miserande puer !
Oh, boy, to be pitied!

What boy is more to be pitiedthan a junior boy ?
The Fagin system described in Oliver Twist is
nothing compared to that adopted in public schools.

People may say what they will of the beneficial
effect which it produces on the minds of those who
are subjectedto it " we contend that to breed a tleman's

gen-
son like a tiger is the readiest to

up way
make a beast of him.
Hei ! and vee ! alas, are joined to a dative case, as
Hei mihi quod nullis amor est medicabilis herbis :
Woe is me that love is curable by no herbs.
Ovid never would have said that, if he had smoked
a cigar or chewed tobacco. The ancients beljeved

that love might be excited by certain articles taken
from the vegetable kingdom. Why then should it
be considered impossible to allay the same feeling

in a similar manner. Every bane has its ponding
corres-
antidote; if so, there may be physic even for
a philter. And for the pangs which a virgin has

inflicted,what remedy could be prescribed more
reasonable than the Virginian weed ;" besides,love

generallyends in smoke.
A CURE FOR THE HEARTACHE.
Va3 misero capiti,madefacto, fenestras

sa?pe
Imbribus immundis, Lydia cara, tuae :
Woe to
my wretched head, often wetted, dear
Lydia, by the unclean showers of your window.
This would be a proper place for introducinga few
remarks on the ancient mode of serenading ; which
Avê are prevented from doing by the very imperfect

state of our present information on this interesting
point. It is, however, pretty generally admitted
that the Romans always took care to provide selves
them-
with an umbrella on these occasions, and
this for a reason which the above distich will have
rendered obvious.
sufficiently It appears to us that
so salutary a precaution is well worthy of being

sometimes adopted in these modern days "
and with
this hint we conclude the Syntax.
PROSODY.
All you that bards of note would be,

Must study well your Prosody.
As Comparative Anatomy teaches what the sound
of a cod-fish is ; so Prosody teaches what is the
sound of syllables.
Sound and quantity mean the same thing ; though
how that fact is to be reconciled with the proverb,
"
great cry and little wool" we do not know.
Prosody is divided into three parts, Tone, Breath-

ing,
and Time. As to tone " boys are usually quired

re-
to repeat it in a loud one, without mering

stam-
or drawling ; and with as little breathing

and time, or breathing-time, as possible.
We shall leave tone to tlie consideration of forte

piano-
and fiddle-makers ; and breathing to doctors
and chemists, who can analyze it a great deal better
than we can. In this place we think to treat

proper
only of Time.
Now of Time a very great deal may be said,

taking the word in all the senses in which it is capa-
ble
of being used.
In the first place,Time flies "

but this we have had
occasion to observe before ; as also that Time is a
great eater.
very
In the second, Time is a very ill-used personage ;
he is spent, wasted, lost,kicked down, and killed "
the last as often as an Irishman is"

but for all that
he never complains.
It is a question whether keeping Time, or losing
Time, is the essential characteristic of dancing.
Then we might expatiatelargelyabout the value
of Time, and of the proprietyof taking him by the
forelock "
but for two reasons.
One of them is, that all this has been said long
ago ; the other, that it is nothingat all to the purpose.
We might also quote extensively from Dr. Cul-
peper's Herbal, and from Linnaeus and Jussieu ; but
the time we speak of, (although we hope it will be
twigged by the reader,) is no plant ; less

neverthe-
it is a necessary ingredient in grammatical

stuffing.
N 2
Time in prosody is the measure of the cing

pronoun-
of a syllable.
Like whist, it is divided into Long and Short.
A long time is marked thus, as sumens, taking : a
short time thus ; as pilula, a pill.

A foot is the placing together of two or more
syllables,according to the certain observation of
their time, the organ of which should be well loped

deve-
for that purpose.
Ordinary feet are long feet, short feet, broad

feet, splay feet, club feet, and bumble feet, to which
may be added cloven feet in the case of certain
animals, and an
"
old gentleman."
There are several kinds of Latin feet; here,
however, we shall only notice spondees and
dactyls.
A spondee is a foot of two syllables,as infans,
an infant.
A dactyl is a foot of three syllables,as angeliis,

an angel, porciilus,a little pig.
Scanning is measuring a verse as you are sured
mea-
by your tailor " by the foot, according to
rule. To scanning there belong the figures called
Synaloepha, Ecthlipsis Synseresis, Diaeresis, and
Caesura.
Synaloepha is the cutting off a vowel at the end
of a word, before another at the beginning of the
next ; as
Occlusis evasi ociills nasoqiie cruento :
I came off with eyes bunged up and a bloody

my
nose.
We have here knocked out an i in evasi, on the
strengthof a synaloepha.
-But heu and o are never cut off " at least there
are no cases on record in which this operation has

been performed.
Ecthlipsisis as often as the letter m is cut off
with its vowel ; the next word beginning with a
vowel, as
Monstrum horrendum Informe ingens "

specta-
vTmiis h5rtis :
We saw a horrible, ugly, great monster in the
gardens.
If every bear and boar were kept in a den "
what a fine world this would be.
Synaeresis is the contraction of two syllables

into one, as in alvearia, pronounced alvaria.
Stravit humi demens conferta alvetiria .Juno :
Mad Juno threw the crowded beehives on the
ground.
Hydrophobia occurringin a queen bee from the bite
of a dog would be an interesting

case to the faculty.
Diaeresis is the separation of one syllable into
two, as evoluisse for evolvisse. Thus Ovid says,
alluding probably to the padding system adopted
by dandies and theatrical artists.
N 3
Debuerant fusos evoluisse siios :
They ought to have unwound their spindles.

Caesura is when after a perfect foot (though not
one hke TagHoni's), a short syllableis made long

at the end of a word, as
Pectoribiis inhians " moUes, en, deserit alas :
Intent the breasts (of the fowls) lo! he

upon
deserts the tender wings.
Of the Kinds of Verses.
Should one seek here for an account of every

any
kind of verse used by the Latin poets, all we can
is wish he get it. As it behoveth

say "
we may
no one to be wiser than the law. so it behoveth not
us to be wiser than the Eton Grammar.
The verses which boys are commonly taught to
make are hexameters and pentameters.

An hexameter verse consists of six feet. As the
ancient heroes were at least six feet high, this is
probably the reason Avhy it is also called an heroic
A-erse.
The fifth foot in this kind of verse should be a
dactyl, the sixth a spondee ; the other feet may be
either dactyls or spondees ; as
ObstantI pluvils venit cum tegmine Sambo :
Sambo came with his Macintosh.
The fifth foot also is sometimes a spondee, as

Claviger Alcldes, magnum Jovis incrementum.
Hercules, king of clubs, great offspringof Jupiter.

The last syllable of every verse is a common
affair.
An elegiac,lack-a-daisical, or pentameter verse,
consists of four feet and two long syllables,one of
Avhich is placed between the second and third foot,

and the other at the end of the verse. The two
first feet be dactyls, spondees, or both ; the

may
two last are always dactyls,as
Res est infellx, plenaque fraudis amor :
Love is an unlucky affair, and full of humbug.

We feel compelled, notwithstanding what has been
before said, to make a few additions to what is
contained in the Eton Grammar with respect to
verses.
The rhyt-hm of Latin verses may be easilylearned

by practising(out of school),exercises on the ciple
prin-
of the examples following "
Diim didle, dl diim, diiin diim, deedledy, dcedle
de, diim dum ;
Diim didle, dfim dum, de, deedledy, deedledy,

diim.
N. B. The following familiar piece of poetry

would not have been admitted into the Comic
Latin Grammar, but that there being many various
readings of it, we wished to transmit the right one

to posterity.
Patres conscripti "

took a boat and went to Phi-
lippi.
Trumpeter unus erat qui coatum scarlet habebat,
Stormum surgebat, et boatum overset "
ebat,
Omnes drownerunt, quia swimaway non potue-
runt,
Excipe John Periwig tied up to the tail of a dead
pig-
Here, also, this poetical curiosity may perhaps
be properly introduced.
Conturbabantur Constantinopolitani,
Innumerabilibus solhcitudinibus.
Of the Quantity of the first Syllable.
There is a river in Macedon and a river in mouth

Mon-
: in like manner there are positions in ing

danc-
and positions in Prosody.

The following vowels are long by position.
1. A vowel before two consonants, or before a
double consonant in the same word " as pinguis,

fat, Ingens, great Ajax, the name of a hero.
2. A vowel coming before one consonant at the

end of a word, and another at the beginning of the
next, as
Major sum quam cui possit tua virga nocere :
I'm a bigger boy than rod is able to hurt.

your
The syllablesjor, sum, and sit, are long
quam,
by position.
3. Sometimes, but seldom, a short vowel at the
end of a word placed before two consonants at the
beginning of the next; as
Occulta spoliahi Croceo de Colle ferebant :
These persons brought the secret spoilsfrom fron

Saf-
Hill.
A sliort vowel before a mute, a liquidfollowing,

is rendered common, as in the word patris.
Sunt quibus ornatur Jenkins femoralia patris:
The breeches that Jenkins is rigged out in are
his father's.
A vowel before another is always short, as tua,
thy, memoria, memory.
Except the genitive cases of pronouns in ius,
where the i is a common i, although alterius has
always a short i and alius a long i.

Except, likewise, those genitiveand dative cases
of the fifth declension where the vowel e,

like
Punch's nose, is made long between two i 's, as
faciei,of a face.
The syllable^ also in fio is long, except e and
r follow together, as fierem, fieri.

Fient quae
"
Fieri Facias" mandata vocantur :
The writ which is called "

Fieri Facias" will be
made.
Fi, fa. is a legal instrument that deprives a poor
man of his mattress that a rich one may lounge on
his ottoman, Ca. Sa. is a similar benevolent trivance

con-
for punishing misfortune as felony.

Dius, heavenly, has the first syllablelong ; "
Diana, common : and so has the Ohe

interjection !
Thus there's a common medium of connexion,

Between a goddess and an interjection.
A vowel before another in Greek words is times
some-
long, as
Caerula, Plerides, sunt vobis tegmina crurum :
Oh, Muses, your stockings are blue.
Also in Greek possessives, as
Somniculosa fuit,pinguisque Êneia nutrix :
^neas's nurse was sleepy and fat.
^neas has often enough been represented in arms.
In Latin mark, that every dipthong

'S as long as any stage-coach whip-thong;
Except before a vowel it goes,
When 'tis as short as Elsler's clothes.
Words derived from others are tarred with the
same stick, that is, are assigned the same quantity

as those which they are derived from, with some
few exceptions, which we must trouble the student
to fish for.
Compounds follow the quantity of their simple

words, as from lego legis, to read, comes perlego,
to read through.
By the reading does not always induce
way,
reading through though we hope it in the

; may
case of the C. L. G.
If to a preterperfecttense belong
Two only syllables,the first is long ;
As veni, vidi, vici, speech so cool.
Which Csesar made to illustrate our rule;

To which we need not cite exceptions small.
Look in Gradus and you'llfind them all.
your
Consult also the Eton Grammar, and works of
the poets, passim, as well for exceptions to the
above as to the two following rules :
1. Words that double the first syllableof the terperfect

pre-
tense have the first syllabic short " as
cecidi from cado, "c.
Fortis Higinbottom cecidit terramque momordit :
Brave Higinbottom fell and bit the ground.
2. A supine of two syllableshas the first syllable

long "
As visum latum lotum motum :
And many more if we could quote 'em.

Of the Quantity of the last Syllable.
We have had a poeticalfit graduallygrowing upon
us for some time "

'tis of no use to resist "
so here
goes"
Oh ! Muse, thine aid afford to me,
Inspiremy Ideality;
Thou who, benign, in days of yore.
Didst heavenly inspiration
pour
On him, who luckilyfor us
Sang Propria Quae Maribus ;
Teach me to sound on quiv'ringlyre,

Prosodial strains in notes of fire ;
Words' ends shall be my theme sublime,

Now first descanted on in rhyme.
Come, little boys, attention lend.

All words are long in a that end :
(In proofof which I'll bet a quart,)

Excepting those which must be short "
As puta, ita, postea, quia,

Eja, and case in ia ;
every
Or a, save such as we must class
With Grecian vocatives in as,
And ablatives of first declension "
Besides the aforesaid, we may mention
Nouns numeral that end in ginta,

Which common, as a bit of flint are.
Some terminate in h, d,t\

All these are short ; but those in c
Form toes "

I mean, form ends of feet
As long " as long as Oxford Street.
Though nee and donee every bard

Hath written short Hanway
as yard,
Fac, hie, and hoc are common, though
Th' ablative hoe is long know.
you
Now "
e finita" short are reckon'd,
Like to a jiffeyor a second,
Though we must call the Gradus wrong,
Or these, of fifth declension, long.
As also particlesthat come
In mode derivative therefrom.
Long second persons singular

Of second conjugation are.
And monosyllables in e.
Take, for example, me, te, se,
Then, too, adverbial adjectives

Are long as rich old women's lives "
If from the second declination
Of adjectivesthey've derivation :
Pulchre and docte, are the kind
Of adverbs that I have in mind.
Ferme is long, and fere also "
Bene, and male, not at all so.
Lastly, each final eta Greek,

Is long on all days of the week "
To wit " (forthus we render nempe)

Lethe, Anchise, cete, Tempe.
158 THI2 COMIC LATIN GRAMMAR.
Those words as long we classify

Which end, like egotists,in i,
Rememb'ring mihi, tibi, sibi

Are common, so are ubi, ibi ;
Nis! is always short, and quasi's

Short also, so are certain cases
In i "
Greek vocatives and datives
(At least if we may trust the natives ,)

Making their genitivesin os,
For instance " Phyllis,Phyllidos.

(A name oft utter'd with a sigh,)
Whereof the dative ends in i.
Words in / ending short are all,

Save nil for nihil, sal, and sol.
And some few Hebrew words t'were well
To cite ; as Michael, Raphael.

Your n's are long, save forsitan
In, tamen attamen, and an
Veruntamen and forsan, which

Are short as any tailor's stitch;
These, therefore, we except, and then
Contractions "
per apocopen" "
As viden' ? men' 1 and audin ]" so in
Exin' and subin', dein', proi'n.

An, from a nominative in a
Ending a word is short, they say.

But every an for long must pass
Derived from nominative in as.

Nouns, too, in en are short whose finis
Doth in the genitivemake inis.
And so are n's that do delightin

An i and y " Alexin, Ttyn.
Greek words are short I'd have you know,
That end in on with little o,
Common are terminating o's.

Cases oblique except from those,
Adverbial adjectivesas falso
Are long, "

take tanto, "
quanto also ;
Save mutuo, sedulo, and crebro,

Common as vestment vending Hebrew.
Modo and quomodo among

Short o's we rank " nor to be long.
Nor cito,ego, duo ; no nor
Ambo and Homo ever prone are ;
But monosyllablesin o.
Are counted long. Example " sto.
And the whole world over,

omega,
'S as long as 'tis from here to Dover.
If r should chance a word to wind up,
'Tis short in general, make your mind up ;
But far,lar,nar, and vir, and fur
Par, compar, impar, dispar,ciir.

As long must needs be cited here.
With words from Greek that end in er ;
Though 'mong the Latins from this fate are
These two exempted "

pater, mater ;
o 2
Short in the final er we state em,
Namely, "
auctoritate vatum."
Now, s, the Eton Grammar says.

Ends words in just as many ways
As there are vowels "
five "
as thus
In order, as, es, is, os, us.
As, in a general way appears
Long unto all but asses ears.
But some Greek words take care to mark as
Short, "
for example " Pallas, Areas "
And nouns increasingplural sport

An as accusative that's short,
Es in the main's a long aflfair,
Anchises, such, and patres are.
Though of the third declension you

As short such substantives must view,
The genitivesof which increase,
Derived from nominatives in es,
And have an accent short upon

The syllablethat's last but one.
As miles, seges, dives, (which

Means what a Poet is n't,) "
rich :
But pes is long, with bipes,tripes,

Like to a hermit munching dry pease.
To these add Ceres, Saturn's cub,
(Name of a goddess, and for grub
The figureMetonymy through,)
And aries, abies, paries,too.
Sum with its compounds forming es,
Are
Item
short, join penes,
Cyclopes Naiades.
if you please, 1
Greek nominatives and pluralneuters.
For lists of which consult your tutors.
Is, we call short, as Paris, tristis,

Save all such words as mensis, istis.
Plurals oblique that end in is,
Adding thereto for quibus quis.

The is in Samnis long by right is
Because its genitive'sSamnltis.
Where you observe a lengthened state
Of syllablepenultimate.
The same to all such words applies,
And Is contracted, meaning eis,
Long too, and remember this
"
pray
Are monosyllables in is.
Save is the nominative pronoun,
And quis, and bis, which last is no noun.
When verbs by is concluded are.
In second person singular;

But in the plural His make,
The is is long, and no mistake "
Provided always that the pe-

Nultimatc plurallong shall be.
Os, saving compos, impos, os
Is long "
as honos dominos.
The Greek omicron 's short, and that in
All conscience must be so in Latin.
Words should be short in us, unless
Authority has laid a stress
On the penultimate of any

Word that increases in the geni-
Tive case when us is long, the same
Pronunciation nouns may claim "
Declined like gradiisor like manus
Though here exceptions still detain us.
The first case and the fifth are those
Singular ; short as monkey's nose.
Long are mus, criis,and thiis and siis
All monosyllables in iis,

And Grecian nouns by diphthong ous,
Translated us by men o^nous.
Lastly, all words in u are long,

And so we end our classic song.
And not our song only,but our work "

the companion
of our solitude "
the object of our cares "
for which
alone we live, for which we consumed our midnight

oil ; and not only that, but also burnt a great deal of
daylight. "
Our work, we say, is ended " and such as
it is we commit it to the world. Horace says Carm.
Lib. iii,Ode XXX. (an ode which by some strange

association of ideas, is always connected in our mind
with the visionaryimage of a jug of ale,) "

Exegi
monumentum sereperennius," I have perfected a work
more durable than brass. Whether our production

is characterized by the durability of that metal or
not, is a question which we leave to the decision of
posterity ; we cannot, however, help thinking that,

considering the boldness of our attempt, it possesses
figuratively at least, something in common with the
substance in question "

and we would fain hope
that that something does not consist in hardness.
And now farewell to the reader "

farewell, "
a
word that must be and hath been'' "

said a great
times when once would have been quite

many
sufficient. We need not, therefore, repeat it ; nor
need we how much we hope that we have

say
amused, instructed him, and so forth ; that being as
much an understood thing to put at the end of a
book, "
Love to mamma,
brothers and
as papa,
sisters," in a holiday letter.
then, remains for do, but to

Nothing, us now to
kick up our hat and cry

"
ALL OVER."
FINIS
LIST OF ETCHINGS.
1
.
Vocative case (schoolmaster spatting a boy) to face page 2.
'' ' "'

2. Schoolmaster beating a drum and boys singingin chr '
'^. Ingenuas pugni didicisse fideliter artes (fight) l
4. Prometheus Vinctus (vagabond in the stocks) 72
5. SmeUirig a Pig (boys at supper in the bed room) 74
6. Domestic Oratory (small boy spouting in a chair) 135
7. Heu miserande Puer (boy tossed in a blanket). 144
8. Patres conscripti 152
COE, PRINTER, 27, OLD CHANGE, ST. rAi/i

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WILD'S ENGLISH CATHEDRALS ;

Twelve select Examples of the Ecclesiastical Architecture of the Middle Ages, beau-
tifully
coloured after the OriginalDrawings by Charlks Wild, Esq. Each Plate
is mounted on Tinted Card-board, in imitation of the original.
publishedat
Originally 121. 12s. ; reduced to 51. 5".
LEKEUX'S
ILLUSTRATIONS OF NATURAL HISTORY;
ContainingOne Hundred and Fourteen Engravings, with descriptiveaccounts of
the most popular and interestingGenera and Species of the Animal World, drawn
by Landseek, Lekeux, "c. "c. Large Svo, bound in cloth.
Originally
publishedat 1^ Is.; reduced to 9s. 6cL
PUCKLE'S CLUB;
OR, A GREY CAP FOR A GREEN HEAD.
Many first-rateWood Engravings,cloth. Published at 7s. 6d. ; reduced to 3a-.6d.
*"* This very curious book is illustrated with numerous and characteristic de-
signs
by the celebrated Thurston. It was publishedoriginallyin 4to, at One
Guinea. " See Jackson on Wood Engramng,
ADDISON'S ESSAYS;
FROM THE SPECTATOR.
Two neat volumes, cloth. Published at 8". ; reduced to As. 6rf.
CARICATURE SCRAP-BOOK,
BY H. HEATH.
Containingmany Hundred laughableand amusing Groups, illustrativeof Life and

Character,on Fiftysheets imperial 4to, neatly and strongly bound; forming a
never-failingsource of amusement for Visitors.
Published at 28s. ; reduced to I8s.
CHARLES TILT, 86, FLEET STREET.

Bradbury " Evans,] Whitefriars"
[Printersj

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",

fl neto anD facetiousllnttoOucttou

"Z'i LATIN TONGUE.

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.

THE SECOND EDITION.

CHARLES TILT, FLEET STREET.

TO THE SECOND EDITION.

The Author of this little work cannot allow a second

He begs that so much as the consciousness of

being answerable for a great deal of nonsense, ally

prompts a man to in the hope of disarming

already. But he particularly requests that tlie

want of additions to his book be excused and

pleads, in arrest of judgment, his numerous and

Wishing to atone as much as possible for this

deficiency,and prevailed upon by the importunity

by that eminent artist, Mr. John Leech, to whom

he is indebted for the embellishments, and very

probably for the sale of the book, to be presented,

facingthe title-page,to the public.

Here again he has been influenced by the wish

to comply Avith the requisitionsof custom, and the

disinclination to appear odd, whimsical, or peculiar.

On the admirable sketch itself, bare justice

requires that he should speak somewhat in detail.

The likeness he is told, he fears by too partial

admirers, is excellent. The principle on which it

has been executed, that of investing with an ideal

magnitude, the proportions of nature, is plainly,

and sculpture,the soul itself of the superhuman

and sublime. Of the justnessof the metaphorical

compliment implied in the delineation of the head,

it is not for the author to speak ; of its exquisite-

ness and delicacy,his sense is too strong for expres-

The habitual pensiveness of the elevated

eyebrows, mingled with the momentary gaiety of

the rest of the countenance, is one of the most cessful

points in the picture, and is as tiue to

nature as it is indicative of art.

The Author's tailor, though there are certain

reasons why his name should not appear in print,

artist for the favourable impression which,

without prejudice to truth, has been given to the

public of his skill. The ease so conspicuous in the

management of the surtout, and the thought so

remarkable in the treatment of the trousers, fully

warrant his admiration and gratitude.

Too great praisecannot be bestowed on the boots,

considered with reference to art, though in this

respect the Author is quite sensible that both him-

self and the maker ol' their originals have been

greatly flattered. He is also perfectly aware that

there is a degree of neatness, elegance, and spirit

ill the tie of the cravat, to which he has in reality

never yet been able to attain.

In conclusion, he is much gratified by the taste

displayed in furnishing him with so

walking stick and he assures

that the hint thus bestowed will not be lost