Motor Protection Application

Considerations
About the Authors

Paul Lerley has 28 years of utility and electronics experience, including 15 years at Central Maine
Power Co. He is a graduate of the University of New Hampshire and was Director of Substations
Electrical Systems at Central Maine Power prior to joining Basler Electric Company. Mr. Lerley is a
Senior Member of the IEEE and a member of four working groups of the Power System Relaying
Committee. He has authored articles on testing for the Doble Engineering Conference and Transmis-
sion and Distribution magazine. He was previously very active in the Electric Council of New England.
Mr. Lerley was a Regional Application Engineer for Basler Electric from 1994 to 1999.

Mike Young of Sanford, Florida, received his MBA from Rollins College in 1983 and BSET from
Purdue University in 1971. He worked for Wisconsin Electric Power Company as a Relay Engineer
for two years, and for Florida Power Corporation as a Field Relay Supervisor for 21 years. He
authored the text "Protective Relaying for Technicians" and co-authored papers for the Georgia Tech
Protective Relaying Conference. Mr. Young has been a Regional Application Engineer for Basler
Electric since 1994 and is a member of the IEEE.

This document contains a summary of information for the protection of various types of electrical
equipment. Neither Basler Electric Company nor anyone acting on its behalf makes any warranty or
representation, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained
herein, nor assumes any responsibility or liability for the use or consequences of use of any of this
information.
First printing 4/98
Motor Protection Application
Considerations

1. INTRODUCTION Load induced

Overload and underload
When applying protective relays to motors or Jamming
any other equipment, we always ask how much High inertia
protection is enough. The answer depends on
rewind cost, loss of production, effect on Environment induced
downtime, new versus old installation, need for High ambient temperature
communication, metering, control and the High contaminant level or blocked
consequences of a motor failure on the electri- ventilation
cal system and process. Cold or wet ambient conditions

This publication presents an overview of motor Source induced

hazards and a discussion of detection and Loss of phase or phases
protection options. Basler relay models are Voltage unbalance
offered with typical setting value ranges and Overvoltage
considerations to help designers and users Undervoltage
select Basler relays for motor protection. Most Phase reversal
of the protection functions apply to squirrel Out of step condition resulting from system
cage, wound induction motors and synchro- disturbance
nous motors. Additional protection is usually
provided for synchronous motors and will be Operation induced
mentioned in this document. Synchronizing or closing out of phase
High duty cycle
2. OVERVIEW OF MOTOR HAZARDS Jogging
Rapid reversing
Motor protection is a challenge because there
are so many different things that can go wrong 3. PROTECTION
with a motor and its associated load:
3.1 Stator Faults
Motor induced
Insulation failure (within the motor) 3.1.1 Phase Fault Overcurrent Protection
Bearing failure
Mechanical failure Phase to phase and three phase faults are
Synchronous motors-loss of field usually detected with nondirectional

1
instantaneous or definite time overcurrent 3.1.2 Differential Protection
relays. If the available 3-phase fault current is a
low multiple of the relay setting (weak system), Differential protection is used on motors where
quick pickup is not assured. Differential relaying the available short circuit current is close to the
should then be considered. Instantaneous value of locked rotor current. It is also frequently
relays are typically applicable when the motor used on very large motors because of its
rating is less than one-half of the supply trans- greater sensitivity. Differential protection is
former KVA rating. always preferred; however, it is generally more
costly than instantaneous relaying because all
The instantaneous phase relay should be set at six leads must be brought out of the motor and
no less than 1.6 times the locked rotor current additional relays may be required.
using the value of locked rotor current at
maximum starting voltage. This setting also SELF BALANCING
assumes the relay is sensitive to the transient The most economical approach is self-balanc-
overreach (DC offset) of an asymmetrical fault. ing differential as shown in Fig. 2. Both ends of
Lower settings are possible if the relay disre- the winding are passed through a toroidal
gards the transient component or if a time delay current transformer and connected to a 50
longer than the transient time (6-15cy) is added. device. This CT has a maximum opening
Verify that the minimum 3-phase fault current at around 8 inches that may preclude its use on
the motor terminals is at least 3 times the relay larger motors.
setting. Fig. 1 illustrates the relay settings in
relation to the starting current and the minimum
short circuit current.

FIGURE 1. Stator short circuit protection with 50 or 50P

element.
FIGURE 2. Self balancing differential.

2
With a fixed ratio of 50:5 and a sensitive instan- 3.1.3 Ground Fault Protection Ground
taneous overcurrent, the self-balancing differen- Sensor 50G
tial provides a pickup around 5 amps of primary
current. This scheme is self-balancing and The preferred and most sensitive method to
produces no current for starting or load varia- detect stator ground faults is with a ground
tion and, because there is only one CT per sensor CT. All three phase leads from the motor
phase, there is no concern about matching CT are passed through the opening of a toroidal
performance to eliminate unequal CT saturation. current transformer supplying the instantaneous
CT saturation is likely for large fault currents but overcurrent 50G relay shown in Fig. 4. This
is slow enough to allow the instantaneous relays arrangement leaves only the ground fault zero
to operate. sequence currents in the CT. The typical
application calls for a 50:5 CT ratio regardless
PERCENTAGE RESTRAINT DIFFERENTIAL of the size of the motor. Primary pickup values
When the toroidal CT cannot be used, the in the range of 4-12 amps are typical. If more
percentage restraint differential circuit (Fig. 3) sensitive settings are required, time delay may
must be applied. Typically, all 6 CTs are the be necessary to avoid nuisance trips due to
same ratio and accuracy class. A 2-winding zero-sequence cable capacitance current flow
differential relay can be applied with equal during external faults.
currents flowing in the restraint windings for
normal load, starting, and external faults. For The ground fault sensor connection may be the
internal phase or ground faults, all of the current only scheme providing sufficient sensitivity
will flow through the operate windings. The when the supply system is high-impedance
scheme will also protect for cable faults be- grounded. If a large ground fault current is
tween the motor and the motor breaker (52) by available in a solidly grounded system, the 50G
using the line side CTs of the breaker. If the relay must operate before the low ratio CT
motor and motor breaker are supplied sepa- saturates. Fortunately, the low impedance of
rately, be certain to match the CT ratios and solid state relays reduces the CT burden.
accuracy classes when specifying the equip-
ment.

FIGURE 3. Conventional percent differential relay. FIGURE 4. Ground sensor relay and residual ground
connection.

3
RESIDUAL CONNECTION 51N SHORT START TIMES
For larger motors, where the conductors will not When the margin between the maximum start
fit through a ground sensor CT, the residual time and the hot stall time is at least 2 to 5
ground connection, shown in Fig. 4, must be seconds, locked rotor protection can easily be
used. The ground fault relay sensitivity is limited achieved with a definite time overcurrent (50TP)
by the phase CT ratio. Since unequal CT as shown in Fig. 5. By setting this relay close to
performance must be expected, a 51 relay is the Full Load Current, good protection against
used to avoid tripping on false residual current. failure to accelerate is obtained. To prevent the
50TP relay from operating under temporary
This 51N relay must be coordinated against the overloads once the motor is running, it is
51G system ground protection relay (typically in supervised by the 62 timer. The time delay on
the supply transformer neutral). In solidly the 50TP should be set at the maximum start
grounded feeder applications, where the time plus 25% of the thermal limit margin time.
ground fault is usually high and the CT quality The delay on the 62 timer should be set slightly
good, an instantaneous relay (50N) can be higher than the 50TP time delay to allow a one
added to accelerate the tripping. This relay or two second window for the locked rotor
should be set at 4 x Full Load Current or higher protection to operate. This protection is easy to
to avoid tripping on starting. implement in the Basler 851 and MPS multifunc-
tion relays.
3.2 Thermal Damage

3.2.1 Locked Rotor Protection

When a motor stator winding is energized with

the rotor stationary, stator winding currents may
range from three to seven times rated full-load
value depending on motor design and supply
system impedance. Actual values of locked
rotor currents are part of the motor data sup-
plied by the motor manufacturer. Heating in the
stator winding, proportional to I2t, is 10 to 50
times rated conditions and the winding is
without benefit of the ventilation normally
produced by rotation of the rotor.

Depending on the design, a motor may be

stator limited (thermally) or rotor limited (ther-
mally) during locked-rotor conditions. The
motor manufacturer can furnish the allowable
locked-rotor time only after the motor design is
completed. This is given as time at rated locked-
rotor current starting from either rated ambient
temperature or rated operating temperature also
referred to as cold stall time or hot stall time. It
also is given as part of the motor time-current
curve defined by IEEE Standard 620-1996. FIGURE 5. Locked rotor protection Short starting times.

Starting times depend on motor design and Another approach often used with single-
load torque characteristics and must be deter- function relays is shown in Fig. 6. The 50S or 12
mined for each application. Although starting (speed switch) device is used to supervise the
times of 2 to 20 seconds are common, high 51S relay which is set for locked rotor protec-
inertia loads may take several minutes to bring tion. The speed switch is set at 10%-50% of full
to full speed. Starting time is increased if bus speed and the 50S is set about 85% of Locked
voltage is less than nominal. Rotor Current (at minimum allowable voltage).

4
The 51S should be set between the hot stall mum voltage) are commonly used to supervise
time and the start time. The 51P relay is a the 51S relay. The 51S curve must be set to
second 51 relay set for running thermal over- operate below the hot stall time. When the
load. If no transient overloads are expected, the motor starts successfully, the 12 or 50S device
51P and 50S relays may not be required. The drops out and prevents the 51S from tripping
51S will then provide starting and running the breaker.
protection.
If the motor starts but does not accelerate to
nominal speed, this protection may not trip
since the 51S relay is cut out early in the start
sequence. The failure to accelerate would have
to be detected by the thermal overload 51P, set
for running conditions (shown in Fig. 6). How-
ever, the 51S may be used to alarm for subse-
quent overloads, including failure to accelerate
once the motor has started.

FIGURE 6. Locked rotor protection short start times

Single function relays.

LONG START TIMES

The starting current of a motor falls between the
locked rotor value when the rotor begins to turn.
Therefore, the stator heating is reduced when
the motor accelerates. For some large induction
motors with low starting voltages or with high
inertia loads and long starting times, the starting
time may exceed the allowable locked-rotor
time without excessively heating the rotor.

When the start times approach or exceed the

maximum safe stall time, protection against FIGURE 7. Locked rotor protection Long start times.
locked rotor requires a 51S relay that must be
prevented from tripping soon after the motor
has successfully started as shown in Fig. 7.
(The 51S contact is likely to close due to the 3.2.2 Thermal Overload Protection
intensity of the starting current following the
locked rotor current.) A speed switch set at STATIC REPRESENTATION
10%-50% of nominal speed or a 50S relay set at The life of the motor is reduced if the winding
about 85% of Locked Rotor Current (at mini- temperatures are allowed to exceed their
insulation class levels for a significant time. It is
usually assumed that for every 10 degrees C
above the design temperature limit the life of the
motor is reduced by a factor of 2.

5
When normal cooling and ambient tempera- DYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS
tures are present the temperature of the stator In order to force the static characteristic to pass
winding is directly related to the stator current, through point P in Fig.8, the user adjusts the
and the running thermal overload limit can be time dial in a 51 relay or the time constant in a
stated on a time-current plot as recommended 49 relay. These terms imply that the dynamic
in IEEE STD 620. Running thermal overload can response of a 51 element is linear, whereas the
thus be provided by an overcurrent relay which 49 element has an exponential response. When
has a time-current characteristic similar to the the 49 element, found in dedicated motor relays
thermal overload limit. The Minimum Pick Up of (as opposed to general purpose overcurrent
this relay is the continuous overload specifica- relays) takes the load level into account, it
tion of the motor, i.e. the (Full Load Current)x becomes a realistic thermal model of the motor.
(Service Factor). The characteristic is usually an In this case, the 49 element does not reset to
I2t curve. The time dial is chosen to coordinate zero when the current is below the overload
against the thermal limit and allow short dura- limit (as does the 51 relay) but settles at percent
tion overloads predictable from the process of pickup value corresponding to the used
analysis. thermal capacity at the given load level.

Fig. 8 shows two IEEE device numbers (51 or Fig. 9 compares the 51 and 49 response for
49). These devices may have nearly identical nearly identical static settings. The 51 relay is a
static characteristics, but will differ in their more conservative choice since it tends to trip
dynamic response and, therefore, in their ability faster than the 49 relay. The 51 is an acceptable
choice for any process where temporary
overloads are abnormal. The 49 is preferred
when the process requires the tolerance of
temporary overloads.

FIGURE 9. Compare 51 and 49 dynamic response.

TEMPERATURE SENSING
Motors are typically cooled by means of a rotor-
to track the motor temperature over time. mounted fan blade that forces air through the
motor frame while the motor is running. Thermal
FIGURE 8. Thermal overload Running. limits and temperature rise are based on this
cooling functioning as designed with a known
level of ambient air temperature. If normal

6
cooling is blocked, overheating at normal load The Basler MPS relays have protection for too
current is possible. The only protection will be many starts. The user selects a setting for
temperature-measuring devices located in the number of starts and time period to match
motor such as RTDs or thermocouples. Basler manufacturer recommendations. Exact determi-
MPS100 and 200 series relays provide this nation of starting frequency is a very complex
protection with inputs from RTDs or thermo- calculation that is affected by many factors
couples imbedded in one or more of the wind- including motor size, enclosure, voltage,
ing slots. ambient temperature, inertia, load-speed-torque
characteristic, and running time. Motor restarts
The MPS relays monitor the RTD resistance and will typically depend more on the stator thermal
accept two setting levels for each monitored capacity than on rotor thermal capacity and stall
point: a low setting for alarm and a high setting time. The best rule, by far, is to minimize the
for shutdown. The specific settings are derived number of starts since each start reduces the
from the winding insulation class, defined in life of the motor.
NEMA MG-1, and judgment based on the plant
operating conditions. The recommended setting Motors protected by Basler MPS relays include
for alarm temperature level is the sum of the a protective element for thermal overload
maximum ambient, plus 10 degrees hotspot protection. Unlike their inverse time electrome-
allowance, plus the full load temperature rise. chanical counterparts, these relays can remem-
This value should be below the insulation class ber the stored value of the accumulated
rating. The trip level can be up to 50 degrees C thermal capacity. Motor starting alone may use
above the class rating if the process is critical, up 50%-65% of the available thermal capacity.
since the loss of life from occasional short These multifunction devices also recognize a
overload periods is insignificant. Setting the trip stopped motor will cool slower than a running
temperature at the insulation class limit is a motor because there is no cooling air produced
conservative setting. by the rotor. Therefore, it is possible that
attempting to start a motor twice in rapid
3.2.3 Repetitive Starts and Jogging succession may cause a protective trip on
Protection thermal overload. However, we should still
adhere to the manufacturers recommendation
In repeated starting and intermittent operation for frequent starts.
very little heat is carried away by the cooling air
produced by a turning rotor. Repeated starts 3.2.4 Unbalance Protection
can build up temperatures to dangerously high
values in either stator or rotor windings unless CAUSE AND EFFECTS
enough time is provided to allow the heat to be Unbalance in the feeder phase voltages or
dissipated. motor winding impedance will cause unbal-
anced currents to flow to the motor. The nega-
The NEMA MG1-1993 (Motor Guide) sections tive sequence current from the unbalance will
12.50, 20.43 and 21.43 provide guidelines for cause rotor heating and additional copper
typical installations. These standards allow two losses in the stator windings due to an increase
starts in succession, coasting to reset between line current. Due to the low negative sequence
starts with the motor initially at ambient tem- motor impedance the % negative sequence
perature, and for one start when the motor is at current is typically about five times larger than
a temperature not exceeding its rated load the % negative sequence voltage. Unbalanced
operating temperature. This assumes that the conditions must be detected to avoid thermal
applied voltage, load torque during accelera- damage to the running motor.
tion, method of starting, and load inertia are all
within values for which the motor was designed. DETECTION
The application and protection of motors having Although the current unbalance is the param-
abnormal starting conditions must be coordi- eter directly responsible for the temperature
nated with the manufacturer. increase in the motor, two detection methods
are available: voltage and current unbalance.

7
Voltage Sensing (47) trip time for this unbalance condition would thus
This method has the advantage of detecting the be equal to K (I2 =1pu). For K=40, the maxi-
unbalance voltage for a complete bus to which mum delay for an open phase should be 40
several motor loads may be connected, but has seconds. If the relay uses a definite time, this
the disadvantage of requiring that all motors be will have to be the setting, and result in overpro-
tripped when an unbalance exceeds the setting. tection if the unbalance is less severe. If the
The bus voltage unbalance may be tolerated by timing curve is inverse, the time dial should be
a motor if its load is lighter at the time of the selected to cause tripping when the voltage
unbalance. unbalance, at the motor terminals, correspond-
ing to the 1 pu I2 is equal to 20%.
Two common measuring techniques have been
implemented: the NEMA defined unbalance and In most applications the voltage seen by the
negative sequence voltage measurement. The 47N will not come from the motor terminal, but
NEMA definition, found in MG1 is: from the bus. Depending on the size and nature
%Unbalance=(Max Deviation from Avg.)/Avg. of other loads (static Vs motor) connected to the
The negative sequence voltage is usually bus, the 47N may not sense the open phase in
defined in % of nominal voltage. the motor feeder. Therefore, 47N application
requires careful analysis.
Current Sensing (46)
Current unbalance is measured in the motor Current relay
feeder itself and has the advantage of being In order to relate the current unbalance MPU
adapted to each motor. It is easy to implement setting to the 5% NEMA voltage unbalance limit,
in multifunction and dedicated motor protection it is necessary to establish the correlation
relays. Measuring algorithms include the true between the current unbalance algorithm and
negative sequence measurement and the the unbalanced voltage. For a negative se-
difference between the maximum and minimum quence type element, the I2 % MPU setting is
phase currents. approximately 5 times the % voltage unbalance
for the worst case nominal load condition. For
SETTINGS other algorithms, the Instruction Manual must
be consulted.
Voltage Relay
NEMA recommends in MG1 that continuous The current unbalance measuring elements
voltage unbalance should never exceed 5%. For have an I2t=K like characteristic which makes
small to moderate unbalance, the NEMA and the time delay settings easier to apply than with
negative sequence formulae yield approxi- the voltage relay. If no other information is
mately the same result. A voltage unbalance available choose K=40. The worst case unbal-
relay can, therefore, be set at an MPU of 5%. To ance occurs for an open phase at full load. The
set the time delay to trip, consider the thermal negative sequence current is then equal to the
damage by the corresponding negative se- positive sequence current, i.e. 1 pu. The time
quence current. To this voltage unbalance of dial should be set to cause tripping in 40
5% corresponds an I2 of about 25%, provided seconds in this case where K=40.
the voltage is measured at the motor terminals.
Assuming the motor can tolerate I2t=K, the 3.3 Abnormal Supply
maximum time delay for a 5% voltage unbal-
ance and K=40 would be 640 seconds. Al- According to the NEMA MG1-1993 section
though no standard exists for motors, a value of 20.45, motors are generally expected to operate
K=40 is often used. successfully under running conditions at rated
load with a variation of plus or minus 10% of
Unfortunately the 47N relay does not offer an rated voltage, plus or minus 5% of rated fre-
extremely inverse characteristic that could quency, or a combination of the two, provided
emulate the I2t characteristic. It is suggested to the sum of the absolute values of the deviations
base the time delay on the worst case expected does not exceed 10% and the frequency
unbalance, i.e. open phase in the motor feeder variation does not exceed plus or minus 5%. For
cable. The positive and negative sequence synchronous motors, rated excitation current
currents are then equal (1pu at full load). The must be maintained.

8
Fig. 10 shows the effects of voltage and fre- 3.3.1 Voltage Drop During Starting
quency variations on induction motor character-
istics. Another concern during motor starting is the
voltage drop caused by the locked rotor current
Given these limits, there is no one protective flowing through the supply transformer. A weak
device that can make a direct determination of system or undersized supply transformer will
these quantities simultaneously. However, only aggravate the situation. When the supply
variation in voltage or frequency will usually voltage decreases during start, then so does the
result in an increase in stator winding tempera- current and starting torque. If there are other
ture over a long period of time. Direct tempera- running motors on the bus, the reduced voltage
ture measuring devices, such as RTDs, will will cause higher currents and further increase
detect the change and provide adequate the voltage drop. Should the voltage drop low
warning or tripping, provided the abnormal enough, it is possible for the motor torque to be
condition is not extreme. low enough to prevent a successful start of the
motor.
A large induction motor rotating at rated speed
or a large synchronous motor with fixed excita- Whether motor starting or system weakness is
tion may be approximated at steady-state the problem, reduced voltage may cause
conditions as a constant kilovoltampere device trouble at times other than during acceleration.
for a given shaft load, and, therefore, current Reduced voltage running will cause overheating
variations follow voltage variations inversely. An with time. Short term voltage dips may also
undervoltage condition will result in an overcur- cause an already running motor to stall. The
rent condition. Single phase over- or user should also consider the effect of trying to
undervoltage is likely to be detected by unbal- start more than one motor at the same time,
anced voltage or current protection if so which will only aggravate the undervoltage
equipped. Three-phase undervoltage will be condition. Many motors use motor contactors
protected by thermal overload protection since powered by the ac line voltage. Reduced
the current will be higher than normal for a voltage could drop out the motor contactor and
given load. Voltage relays, per se, are generally cause an already running motor to be dropped
not always sensitive enough to provide reliable off line when the motor contactor drops out.
protection, especially on busses where several
motors are connected, since the spinning Voltage drop calculations should be performed
motors will support the voltage on the low or to determine what the motor voltage conditions
missing phase. However, an inverse time or will be during starting. The calculation should
definite time undervoltage relay is recom- be checked at maximum and minimum ex-
mended to trip when a prolonged undervoltage pected bus voltage before start. In a properly
condition exists and as a backup. Pickup designed power system, with a good match
settings of 0.8-0.85 per unit will provide ad- between bus and motor design voltages,
equate protection. The time delay should be set starting voltage dips of 15%-20% are not
slightly longer than the maximum starting time uncommon. Designers frequently assume that
with minimum allowable voltage to ensure an accelerating motor draws its full voltage
undervoltage will not trip for a start. inrush current and calculate the upstream
voltage drops on that basis. Clearly, any voltage
A separate concern of undervoltage is its impact drop in the supply system means that full
on starting a motor. Unlike a running motor, low voltage and corresponding inrush current
voltage on starting of a motor produces lower cannot be present.
starting current and, hence, lowers torque. If the
torque is too low to overcome the torque 3.3.2 Reduced Voltage Starting
requirements of the load, the motor will not
successfully start. The MPS210, equipped with When voltage drops are excessive during
control functions, checks the supply voltage starting, reduced voltage starting techniques
before starting; if the voltage is too low, the may be employed. These add to the motor
relay prevents starting. controls but may be less expensive than chang-
ing transformers and cables. All of these tech-

9
 Characteristic Voltage Frequency
110% 90% 105% 95%
Torques* Increase 21% Decrease 19% Decrease 10% Increase 11 %
Starting and
Max Running
Speed
Synchronous No Change No Change Increase 5% Decrease 5%
Full-load Increase 1% Decrease 1.5% Increase 5% Decrease 5%
Percent Slip
Decrease 17% Increase 23% Little Change Little Change
Efficiency
Full-load Increase 0.5 to Decrease 2
Slight Increase Slight Decrease
1 point points
3/4-load Little Change Little Change Slight Increase Slight Decrease
1/2-load
1 to 2 points Increase 1 to 2
Slight Increase Slight Decrease
points

Power Factor
Full-load Decrease 3 Increase 1
Slight increase Slight Decrease
points point
3/4-load Decrease 4 Increase 2 to 3 Slight Increase Slight Decrease
points points
1/2-load Slight Increase Slight Decrease
Decrease 5 to Increase 4 to 5
6 points points

Current
Starting Increase 10 to Decrease 10 to Decrease 5 to Increase 5 to
12% 12% 6% 6%
Full-load Decrease 7% Increase 11% Slight Decrease Slight Increase

Temperature Decrease 3 to Increase 6 to Slight Decrease Slight Increase

Rise 4C 7C

Max Over-Load Increase 12% Decrease 19% Slight Decrease Slight Increase
Capacity
Magnetic Noise Slight Slight Decrease Slight Decrease Slight Increase
Increase
* Torques of an induction motor will vary as the square of the voltage.
The speed of an induction motor will vary directly with the frequency.

FIGURE 10. The effects of voltage and frequency variation on induction-motor characteristics.

niques use some method to apply partial voltage is applied. Detailed descriptions of
voltage to the motor during the initial starting these schemes may be found in the Instruction
sequence, then when the motor is at partial Manual for the Basler MPS210 relay.
speed, full voltage is applied to finish the start
sequence. The Basler MPS210 supports re- 3.3.3 Frequency Protection
duced voltage starting.
Frequency in excess of rated frequency but not
Wye-Delta starting applies a reduced voltage at in excess of 5% over the rated frequency
the beginning of the start sequence with a wye without a corresponding voltage increase is not
connection of the motor and then changes to considered to be a hazardous condition for
the delta connection of the motor to complete synchronous or induction motors provided the
the start sequence. This arrangement reduces driven equipment does not overload the motors
starting torque and voltage drop on the motor at the higher frequency.
bus.
At decreased frequency without a correspond-
Another method of reduced voltage starting is ing voltage drop, the flux requirements of a
autotransformer start. The autotransformer is motor are increased, thus increasing the
connected in wye with the supply voltage and, hysterisis and eddy current losses and heating.
during starting, the tapped partial voltage is Sustained operation at 5% below nominal
applied to the motor. When the starting frequency and rated or overvoltage is not
contactor makes its transition, the partial permissible per NEMA MG1-1993 section 20.45.
voltage source is opened, and full supply Protection against this type of operation is

10
typically thermal overload or RTD temperature (1) Low oil level in reservoir: (device 71) level
measurement. However, more refined protec- switch
tion can be obtained with the Basler 81O/U
over/under frequency relay. Time delay settings (2) Low oil pressure: (device 63) pressure
of 20-30 seconds will allow it to ride though switch
transient conditions without nuisance tripping.
(3) Reduced oil flow: (device 80) flow switch
Many utility substations are equipped with
underfrequency load shedding relays to reduce (4) High temperature: (device 38) thermo-
the system load during a loss of generation and couples or resistance temperature detector
subsequent decay in system frequency. Large
motor loads connected to the distribution (5) Rate of temperature rise
substation may interfere with the normal opera-
tion of the underfrequency relay by allowing it to (6) Vibration (used on motors with anti-friction
see a decline in frequency without a complete bearings in place of thermal devices)
loss of voltage. This can happen when the
distribution bus is disconnected from the supply Large motor bearings are usually monitored by
transformer and the underfrequency relay is a resistance temperature detector (RTD) which
connected to the distribution bus. The relay will can be used as one of the inputs to the Basler
then see the residual voltage from the motor MPS200 or 210 relay. The dual-setpoint of the
load and may operate incorrectly. Relocating RTD function of the MPS allows for alarm and
the underfrequency voltage transformer to the trip settings at two different temperatures.
high side of the supply transformer or adding
additional time delay to the underfrequency time 4. BUS TRANSFER AND RECLOSING
delay may solve the problem.
Many motor busses are critical to process or
3.4 Mechanical or Process Protection plant operation and, therefore, must be main-
tained if at all possible. For static loads, high
3.4.1 Undercurrent speed reclosing or transfer to an alternate
source is appropriate. Motor loads require
We generally think of protective relays as special considerations. When the motor is
devices that protect electrical equipment. In the disconnected from the voltage supply, the
case of motor protection, there may be times voltage at the motor terminals does not go to
when they are used to protect the process. For zero. The machine generates a voltage at its
example, the water pumping station that is open-circuited terminals that decays with time.
intended to operate continuously at 90% of full A fast reclose applies the full bus supply voltage
load current. If the pump were to be damaged, in series with the residual motor voltage, pro-
lose its prime, or the shaft break, the load on ducing a total winding voltage that can be
the motor would be drastically reduced. The dangerously high. Capacitors in the circuit only
Basler MPS relay monitors for undercurrent or make the situation worse.
under power conditions. These elements are not
in service until the motor is running and can be A second complication is the decay in motor
set to detect these loss-of-load conditions to speed with respect to the supply system. The
alarm or trip. frequency of the residual voltage in the motor
will be a decaying value of frequency as the
motor begins to slow down. The worst case
3.4.2 Bearing Protection could be nearly 2.0 per unit voltage and 180
degrees out of phase with the supply voltage.
To minimize damage caused by bearing failure, The possibility of damage exists for local
protective devices should be used to sound an reclosing of the motor, high side reclosing from
alarm or de-energize the motor. Bearing protec- the utility, transferring to an alternate source, or
tive devices responsive to one or more of the reduced voltage motor starting; they all mean
following conditions may be included: the motor will be re-energized after some dead
time and the same principles apply.

11
4.1 Parallel Transfer

Parallel transfer is a method of transferring

process loads from one source to an alternate
source. In this method, the bus tie breaker is
closed before the normal source breaker is
opened. This method has gained wide accep-
tance because the transient on the motor bus is
eliminated, assuming the two sources are in
phase. However, the bus system designed for
this transfer method may violate the interrupt
rating for the circuit breakers and the short-term
withstand ratings of the normal and alternate
source power transformers. A fault in a motor or
its leads occurring during the time the sources
are paralleled may produce fault current levels
in excess of the circuit breaker ratings. The
probability of this happening may be viewed as
small; however, the consequences of such a
fault should be thoroughly understood before
the parallel transfer system is used.

Parallel transfer requires a high-speed sync-

check relay such as the Basler BE1-25 as
shown in Fig. 11 to ensure that the phase
difference across the bus tie breaker is within
acceptable limits prior to transfer. Without this
permissive relay, a large phase angle would FIGURE 11. High-speed sync-check relay.
cause a power surge through the bus system
that could cause damage to the bus system
components. An angle setting of 15-25 degrees 4.2 Fast Transfer
with no time delay may be used.
Fast transfer involves opening the normal
source breaker prior to closing the tie breaker,
thus avoiding the problems associated with
parallel transfer. This method is intended to
minimize the transfer time between sources.
However, the bus must always be completely
disconnected from both sources for a short
period of time.

One technique involves issuing simultaneous

trip and close commands to the normal source
and bus tie breaker. If the tripping breaker is
abnormally slow, the sources can be briefly
paralleled, introducing the problems of parallel
transfer. Another method involves using a b
contact from the normal source breaker to close
the bus tie breaker.

Especially during abnormal transient conditions,

supervision of the fast transfer requires a high-
speed sync-check relay such as the Basler BE1-
25 to ensure that the phase angle between the
motor bus voltage and the alternate source

12
voltage is within acceptable limits prior to
closing the bus tie breaker. An angle setting of
15-25 degrees with no time delay may be used.

4.3 Delayed Transfer on Residual Voltage

Residual voltage transfer involves waiting until

the bus voltage drops below a predetermined
point before closing the alternate source
breaker. This technique is the slowest of the
methods in that the open-circuit time of the bus
is the greatest. By waiting until the voltage is
33% of rated voltage, the resultant voltage
across the alternate source breaker is reduced
to a maximum of 1.33 p.u. This supervision can
be achieved with a 27 relay set at .33 per unit
with no time delay or by adding a fixed time
delay to the closure of the alternate source.

Typical residual voltage decay is shown in Fig.

12. The length of time required for the voltage
to decay depends on how quickly the stored
electromechanical energy dissipates. The
motors open circuit time constant may be
defined as follows:

FIGURE 12. Decay of open circuit voltage and phase

angle.
where:
f = frequency
Xm = per unit magnetizing reactance of the
When the user does not wish to reclose or
motor
transfer the motor load but wants to protect it
X2r = per unit rotor reactance at running speed
from being re-energized out of phase or with
R2r = per unit rotor resistance at running speed
high residual voltage, a Basler BE1-81O/U set at
97 to 98% of rated frequency with a time delay
At a value of one time constant, the voltage will
of 10-20 cycles will protect the motor by detect-
have decayed to 36.8% of its initial value. Each
ing and underfrequency condition as the motor
successive time constant will drop the voltage
is decelerating and tripping the supply breaker.
and additional 36.8% until no voltage remains.
The time delay will have to be shortened if high
A safe value of residual voltage is considered .33
speed reclosing is being used. The same relay
per unit per ANSI and IEEE. Meeting that re-
can be used for automatic load shedding of the
quirement requires a delay in circuit reclosure of
motor at abnormally low frequencies. In both
at least one to one and one-half time constants.
cases potential transformers must be located
between the motor supply breaker and the
When auto-reclose of the motor feeder or auto-
motor leads.
reclose of the utility source takes place, the
residual voltage considerations should be used.
For synchronous motors, reclosing must not be
Either the motor should be disconnected prior to
permitted until proper resynchronization can be
reclose by using an 81O/U relay, or the reclose
performed. This means tripping the supply
should be delayed until the voltage has decayed
breaker with an undervoltage or underfrequency
to .33 per unit.
relay.

13
5. SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS starting times are short and a significant time
margin exists between the maximum start time
Protection of the synchronous motor is similar and the hot stall time. The load is assumed to
to that of the induction machine with additional remain within the motor rating during normal
requirement for field, loss of excitation and out process conditions, allowing the use of one 51
of step conditions. The field may have its own element for locked rotor and running thermal
protection for loss of field or field undervoltage. overload protection.

Out of step protection is applied to synchronous

motors and synchronous condensers to detect
pullout resulting from excessive shaft load or
too-low supply voltage. Small synchronous
machines with brush-type exciters are often
protected against out of step operation (or loss
of excitation) by ac voltage devices connected
in the field. No ac voltage is present when the
motor is operating synchronously.

Synchronous motors can be protected against

loss of excitation by a low-set undercurrent relay
connected to the field. This relay should have a
time delay drop out. On large synchronous
motors an impedance relay is frequently applied
that operates on excessive var flow into the
machine, indicating abnormally low field excita-
tion. If an undervoltage unit is part of the relay,
its function should be shorted out because loss
of motor field may produce little or no voltage
drop.

Operation of synchronous motors drawing

reactive power from the system can result in
overheating in parts of the rotor that do not
normally carry current. Some loss-of-field relays
(device 40) can detect this phenomenon.
FIGURE 13. Typical small motor protection (100-600HP)
The Power Factor Relay (device 55) can also be
used to detect an out of step or loss of excita-
tion condition in a synchronous motor. When
the motor loses synchronism or loss of field it CASE 2 Medium Size Motor (600-1500HP)
will produce watt flow out of the motor and var Single Function Relays
flow into it. A short time delay is typical, and the This example suggests the relay selection and
relay is generally not in service until the motor is typical settings for motors in the 600-1500HP
running at synchronous speed. range. This range is somewhat arbitrary. Cost
and process considerations will ultimately
6. TYPICAL PROTECTION FOR MOTORS determine the choice of protection level.

CASE 1 - Small Motor (100-600HP) The proposed scheme shown in Fig. 14 applies
This example suggests the relay selection and to situations where the load has high inertia, the
typical settings for motors in the 100-600HP starting times are long and a small time margin
range. This range is somewhat arbitrary. Cost exists between the maximum start time and the
and process considerations will ultimately hot stall time. The load is assumed to periodi-
determine the choice of protection level. cally exceed the motor rating during normal
The proposed scheme shown in Fig. 13 applies process conditions, requiring the use of two
to situations where the load has low inertia, the separate 51 elements for locked rotor and

14
running thermal overload protection. For the 51S neous overcurrent for phase, ground and
locked rotor protection, an Extremely Inverse negative sequence. We will also take advantage
characteristic will best match the hot stall time of multiple setting groups, independent timers,
curve. If the time dial range is insufficient, the and programmable time overcurrent curves.
trip time can be adjusted by raising the tap Programmable alarms, metering, and oscillogra-
setting to decrease the effective multiple of tap. phy will help monitor the motor performance.

The 51P, running thermal overload relay must The 851 uses programmable BESTLogic to
have a MPU equal to the continuous overload customize the relay operation for each applica-
limit. A time-current coordination should be tion. Two basic schemes are presented here,
performed if the protection is to be optimized. one for normal loads and one for high inertia
loads. Full details of the 851 programming and
setting for each scheme can be found in the 851
instruction manual.

For low inertia loads, Locked Rotor protection is

covered with a maximum start time logic. As
shown in the Fig. 15 logic diagram when the
motor starts, the 62 starts timing and the 50P is
above pickup and timing. The definite time delay
of the 50P is set at the motor maximum start
time with the 62 set a second or two longer. If
the motor starts successfully, the 50P will drop
out before its definite timer elapses. Once the
motor is running, the 62 timer times out and
blocks the logic AND gate from nuisance tripping
the motor on temporary overloads if the 50P
should pick up again. If the motor does not start
successfully, the 50P will stay picked up until it
times out and will trip for locked rotor conditions.

Thermal overload protection is provided by the

51P element of the 851. The user programmable
time overcurrent curve is used to simulate the I2t
heating. The constants shown in Case 2A
settings table will give an approximate range of
2.5 to 25 seconds at 6 times tap for time dials 1
and 10, respectively. If a different range is
FIGURE 14. Typical medium size motor protection required, change the value of constant A.
Single function relays (600-1500HP), High
inertia-discrete relays. The stator short circuit element (150TP) is often
applied with a short time delay to overcome
asymmetrical current during fault conditions.
CASE 2A Medium Size Motor (600-1500HP) This is not necessary in the 851 since it only
Multifunction Relay measures the symmetrical current.
This example suggests the relay selection and
typical settings for motors in the 600-1500HP
range. This range is somewhat arbitrary. Cost
and process considerations will ultimately
determine the choice of the protection level.
The functions are similar to Case 2, except that
they are integrated into the BE1-851 multifunc-
tion overcurrent relay shown in Fig. 15. The 851
offers one time overcurrent and two instanta-

15
 Current unbalance (46N) detection provides
rotor thermal protection. The negative sequence
(51Q) MPU setting in Amperes is approximately
5 x (max Continuous Voltage unbalance, pu) x
(Full Load Current, secondary). The time dial is
set to cause tripping in K (the assumed I22t
value) seconds for I2=Full Load Current.

The programmable alarm feature of the 851 can

be used to provide pre-trip alarms for thermal
overload and current unbalance.

For high inertia loads the 851 switches setting

groups for locked rotor protection since maxi-
mum start time is not feasible. When the motor
breaker is open, the 851 is using setting group 0
which has the 51 set with a lower time dial to
match the locked rotor thermal limit. This is
shown as the 51S curve. As shown in the Fig.
15 logic diagram when the motor starts the
breaker is closed and the 50P is picked up
which keeps the relay in group 0 settings. When
the motor starts successfully, the 50P will drop
out and the 851 will change to setting group 1.
Setting group 1 raises the time dial on the time
overcurrent to match the running overload
characteristics of the motor. This is shown as
the 51P curve. When the motor breaker is
opened, the 851 returns to group 0 settings.

CASE 3 Comprehensive protection for medium

and large motors (>600HP)

This protection uses dedicated microprocessor

MPS200 or MPS210 relays which, in addition to
the essential 50P, 50G, 49, 46,47, 27 functions,
offers undercurrent (27), underpower (32U), low
PF (55), overvoltage (59), jam protection, and 10
RTDs. There are dual setting levels for trip and
alarm for most functions. These relays track the
motor temperature accurately (thermal model-
ling) and offer calculated, statistical and fault
data to help the operators and maintenance
personnel. See Fig. 16.

Model variations allow the users to choose

FIGURE 15. Typical medium size motor protection among integrated protection, control and meter-
Multifunction relays (600-1500HP), High or low ing.
inertia-multifunction overcurrent.

16
 FIGURE 17. Multifunction protection for medium motors.

FIGURE 16. Comprehensive protection for medium and 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

large motors (greater than 600HP)
1) Guide for AC Motor Protection, ANSI/IEEE
Standard C37.96-1988.
CASE 3A Multifunction Protection for Medium
Motors (600-1500HP) 2) Blackburn, J.L., Protective Relaying Prin-
ciples and Applications, Marcel Dekker,
This protection option is similar to Case 3, using 1987.
the MPS100 relay. Protective functions are the
same as the MPS200 except without voltage or 3) Hornak, D. L. And Zipse, D. W., Automated
power functions and with only one RTD. Phase Bus Transfer Control for Critical Industrial
sequence is checked upon energization and is Processes, IEEE Transactions on Industry
detected in less than 500ms. The motor tem- Applications, Sept/Oct 1991.
perature is tracked through the thermal model,
assuring correct dynamic performance. 4) Motor Guide, NEMA Standard MG1-1993.
See Fig. 17.
5) Nailen, R. L., Motors, Electric Power Re-
COMMUNICATIONS search Institute, 1989.
Communications ports are standard in the
MPS100, MPS200 and MPS210. Each relay has 6) Dymond, J. H., Stall Time, Acceleration
one RS-485 with MODBUS protocol standard. Time, Frequency of Starting: The Myths and
The BE1-851 relay comes standard with one the Facts, IEEE Transactions on Industry
RS-485 and a front and rear RS-232. ASCII Applications, Jan/Feb 1993.
protocol is standard in the 851, MODBUS
protocol is optional. 7) IEEE Guide for the Presentation of Thermal
Limit Curves for Squirrel Cage Induction
Machines, IEEE Standard 620-1996.

8) Boothman, D. R., Thermal Tracking A

Rational Approach to Motor Protection,
IEEE Power System Relay Committee, Jan
1974.

17
CASE 1
ANSI QTY Basler Model/ Description Basler Typical
No Function Style Number Settings

50P 3 BE1-50/51 Detects stator BE1-50/51B-207 1.6x1LR

Instantaneous short circuits 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F
Or BE1-51

51P 3 BE1-50/51 Locked Rotor and BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=1.2xFLC

Inverse time thermal overload 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F Curve: E
Or BE1-51 TD: fit below max. safe
stall time with 2-5s
margin above start
current

51N 1 BE1-50/51 Stator ground faults BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=0.5A

Inverse time 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F Curve: E
Or BE1-51 TD: 0.1s @ 4xFLC
Must coordinate
against upstream 51N
relay

50N 1 BE1-50/51 Stator ground faults BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=4xFLC

Instantaneous (Residual connection)
Or BE1-51

50G 1 BE1-50/51 Stator ground faults BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=0.5A

Instantaneous (Alternate to 50/51N) Consider 310 from
Or BE1-50 (Toroidal CT) cable capacitance
before setting to max.
sensitivity

27 1 BE1-27 System undervoltage BE1-27: MPU=0.8xVnom.

H3E-E1J-B0H0F Delay: 1-10s
Consider slow clearing
system faults.

NOTE: Quantities correspond to single-function relays. Functions may be combined, as in 50/51 relay.

18
CASE 2
ANSI QTY Basler Model/ Description Basler Typical
No Function Style Number Settings

150P 3 BE1-50/51 Detects stator BE1-50/51B-207 1.6x1LR

Instantaneous short circuits 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F
1 Or BE1-51

50P 1 BE1-50/51 Cuts out 51R when BE1-50/51B-207 0.85x1LR (at lowest
Instantaneous the motor reaches voltage)
about 50% speed

51S 1 BE1-50/51 Locked rotor BE1-50/51B-207 MPU>=1.2xFLC

Inverse time Curve: E
TD: fit below max.
safe stall time and
above start current

51P 3 BE1-50/51 Running thermal BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=1.2xFLC

Inverse time overload 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F Curve: E or 1
1 Or BE1-51 protection TD: below motor limit,
allow for temporary
process overloads.
Relay must have
integrating reset.

51N 1 BE1-50/51 Stator ground BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=0.5A

Inverse time faults 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F Curve: E
Or BE1-51 TD: 0.1s @ 4xFLC
Must coordinate
against upstream 51N
relay

50N 1 BE1-50/51 Stator ground faults BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=4xFLC

Instantaneous (Residual 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F
Or BE1-51 connection)

50G 1 BE1-50/51 Stator ground faults BE1-50/51B-207 MPU=0.5A Consider

Instantaneous (Alternate to 51: H2E-Z3P-A1C0F 310 from cable capaci-
Or BE1-51 50/51G) tance before setting
(Toroidal CT) to max. sensitivity

27 1 BE1-47N System BE1-47N: MPU=0.8xVnom.

undervoltage E3F-D1P-D3N0F Delay:1s-10s
Consider slow clearing

47 1 BE1-47N Phase rotation, BE1-47N: Trip MPU=5% when

voltage unbalance E3F-D1P-D3N0F connected to motor
terminals; otherwise,
check system config-
uration. Time delay:
depends on system
configuration and
timing curve selected.

NOTE: Quantities correspond to single-function relays. Functions may be combined, as in 50/51 relay.

19
CASE 2A LOW INERTIA
ANSI QTY Basler Model/ Description Basler Typical settings
No Function Style No

150P 3* BE1-851 Detects stator BE1-851 1.6x1LR

Instantaneous short circuits H5N2S10
150TP

50P 3* BE1-851 Detects starting BE1-851 1.3x1FL

Instantaneous condition for Max. H5N2S10
50TP Start Time

51P 3* BE1-851 Running thermal BE1-851 MPU=1.2xFLC

Inverse time overload protection H5N2S10 Curve: PR
51P N=2, C=1, K=.028,
B=0, R=30, A=90
TD: below motor limit,
allow for temporary
process overloads.
Product AD > Motor
thermal time constant

51N 1* BE1-851 Stator ground faults BE1-851 MPU=0.5A

Inverse time (Residual Connection) H5N2S10 Curve: E
51N TD: 0.1s @ 4xFLC
Must coordinate
against upstream 51N
relay

50N 1* BE1-851 Stator ground faults BE1-851 MPU=4xFLC

Instantaneous (Residual connection) H3N2S10
150TN

50G (1)* BE1-851 Stator ground faults BE1-851 MPU=0.25

50TN (Alternate to 50/51N) H3N2S10 (use 1A input CT for
(Toroidal CT) neutral)

46N 1* BE1-851 Current Unbalance BE1-851 12 MPU=1.25A for 5%

51Q, 50Q, 150Q H5N2S10 voltage unbalance
Reset factor:30

27 1 BE1-47N System undervoltage BE1-47N MPU=0.8xVnom.

E3F-E1P- Delay: 1s-10s
D3N0F Consider slow clearing
system faults.

47 1 BE1-47N Phase rotation, open BE1-47N MPU=10% 3-5 sec.

phase E3F-E1P Check load
D3N0F configuration

NOTE: *All functions contained in one 851 relay.

20
CASE 2A HIGH INERTIA
ANSI QTY Basler Model/ Description Basler Typical settings
No Function Style No

150P 3* BE1-851 Detects stator BE1-851 1.6x1LR

Instantaneous short circuits H5N2S10
150TP

50P 3* BE1-851 Cuts out the 51S when BE1-851 0.85x1LR (at lowest
Instantaneous the motor reaches about H5N2S10 voltage)
50TP 50% speed

51S 3* BE1-851 Locked rotor BE1-851 MPU>=1.2xFLC

Inverse time H5N2S10 Curve: E
51P TD: fit below max.
safe stall time and
above start current

51P 3* BE1-851 Running thermal BE1-851 MPU=1.2xFLC

Inverse time overload protection H5N2S10 Curve: PR
51P N=2, C=1, K=.028,
B=0, R=30, A=90
TD: below motor limit,
allow for temporary
process overloads.
Product AD< Motor
Thermal Time
Constant. This
function is disabled
during start (group
switching).

51N 1* BE1-851 Stator ground faults BE1-851 MPU=0.5A

Inverse time (Residual Connection) H5N2S10 Curve: E
51N TD: 0.1s @ 4xFLC
Must coordinate
against upstream 51N
relay

50N 1* BE1-851 Stator ground faults BE1-851 MPU=4xFLC

Instantaneous (Residual connection) H5N2S10
150TN

50G (1)* BE1-851 Stator ground faults BE1-851 MPU=0.25

50TN (Alternate to 50/51N) H3N2S10 (use 1A input CT for
(Toroidal CT) neutral)

46N 1* BE1-851 Current Unbalance BE1-851 12 MPU=1.25A for 5%

51Q, 50Q, 150Q H5N2S10 voltage unbalance
Reset factor=30

27 1 BE1-47N System undervoltage BE1-47N MPU=0.8xVnom.

E3F-E1P- Delay: 1s-10s
D3N0F Consider slow clearing
system faults.

47 1 BE1-47N Phase rotation, open BE1-47N MPU=10% 3-5 sec.

phase E3F-E1P- Check load
D3N0F configuration

NOTE: *All functions contained in one 851 relay.

21
CASE 3
ANSI QTY Basler Model/ Description Basler Typical
No Function Style Number Settings

150T 1 MPS200/210 Stator short circuits MPS210-C2V1 Consult Instruction

50T Jam condition manual and GUI for
49 Thermal overload default settings and
46 Current unbalance available template
50TN Ground fault files.
37 Undercurrent
32U Underpower
27 Undervoltage
59 Overvoltage
47 Phase Loss/Reversal

87 1 BE1-87G Percentage Restraint BE1-87G: Tap=.4A

Differential G1E-A1J-A0C0F Set higher when using
low quantity CTs

87 3 BE1-50/51 Self balancing BE1-50/51B-207 .5A

Instantaneous differential

12 1 Customer Speed switch For high inertial LR

supplied protection
25-50% speed

81 1 BE1-81O/U Underfrequency BE1-81O/U: 97% of rated

Loss of Supply T3E-E1J-A6S0F frequency 10-20 cycles

CASE 3A
ANSI QTY Basler Model/ Description Basler Typical settings
No Function Style No

150T 1 MPS100 Stator short circuits MPS100-51V1 Consult Instruction

50T Jam condition Manual and GUI for
49 Thermal overload default settings and
46 Current unbalance available template
50TN Ground fault files.
37 Undercurrent

22
NOTES

23
NOTES

24
First printing 4/98

If you have any questions or need Basler Electric Headquarters Basler Electric International
additional information, please contact Route 143, Box 269, P.A.E. Les Pins, 67319
Basler Electric Company. Highland Illinois USA 62249 Wasselonne Cedex FRANCE
Our web site is located at: Phone 618/654-2341 Phone (33-3-88) 87-1010
http://www.basler.com Fax 618-654-2351 Fax (33-3-88) 87-0808
e-mail: info@basler.com