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    Coupled Linear Differential Equations and Phase Space

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    Mrsriyansyah
    1. The document discusses analyzing the phase space trajectories of a damped harmonic oscillator described by the differential equation x ̈ + 4x ̇ + 3x = 0. 2. It involves changing the equation into two coupled first-order equations, writing them in matrix form, and making an educated guess for the solutions using eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix. 3. The document then has the reader sketch eigenvectors, phase space trajectories consistent with the dynamics, and position vs. time graphs corresponding to the trajectories to develop a global understanding of the system's behavior.

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    Coupled Linear Differential Equations and Phase Space

    Uploaded by

    Mrsriyansyah
    51 views7 pages
    1. The document discusses analyzing the phase space trajectories of a damped harmonic oscillator described by the differential equation x ̈ + 4x ̇ + 3x = 0. 2. It involves changing the equation into two coupled first-order equations, writing them in matrix form, and making an educated guess for the solutions using eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix. 3. The document then has the reader sketch eigenvectors, phase space trajectories consistent with the dynamics, and position vs. time graphs corresponding to the trajectories to develop a global understanding of the system's behavior.

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    Original Title

    Coupledode.phase

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    1. The document discusses analyzing the phase space trajectories of a damped harmonic oscillator described by the differential equation x ̈ + 4x ̇ + 3x = 0. 2. It involves changing the equation into two coupled first-order equations, writing them in matrix form, and making an educated guess for the solutions using eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix. 3. The document then has the reader sketch eigenvectors, phase space trajectories consistent with the dynamics, and position vs. time graphs corresponding to the trajectories to develop a global understanding of the system's behavior.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views7 pages

    Coupled Linear Differential Equations and Phase Space

    Uploaded by

    Mrsriyansyah
    1. The document discusses analyzing the phase space trajectories of a damped harmonic oscillator described by the differential equation x ̈ + 4x ̇ + 3x = 0. 2. It involves changing the equation into two coupled first-order equations, writing them in matrix form, and making an educated guess for the solutions using eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix. 3. The document then has the reader sketch eigenvectors, phase space trajectories consistent with the dynamics, and position vs. time graphs corresponding to the trajectories to develop a global understanding of the system's behavior.

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    Phase Space Name:

    Date:

    Coupled Linear Differential Equations and Phase Space

    We will study the phase space trajectories for a damped harmonic oscillator described by
    the equation:

    x + 4 x + 3x = 0

    We will see how the techniques we have learned can give us a global (for all initial
    conditions) understanding of
    ! this system.

    1. Using dx/dt=v, change this single equation into two coupled first order equations.

    2. Write these equations in matrix form. We will call the constant matrix A, and the
    vector z.

    3. We suspect that the solutions will be of the form z=Rent. However, this cannot be
    exactly right. Why cant this be correct? (Hint: there is an important difference
    between the left and right hand sides of the equation) What is the simplest way to
    change the guess to make it mathematically correct?

    (over)
    Phase Space

    4. A better guess is z=Rent z0. Plug this guess in the differential equation and find
    the resulting conditions on n and z0.

    5. You will have shown that n and z0 are the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A.
    Find these eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

    D. Meredith/UNH Physics
    Phase Space

    6. Because there are two eigenvectors, the general solution is of the form

    r r r
    z (t) = R1e n1 t z01 + R2e n 2 t z02

    For simplicity, we will take R1=R2=1 (these values are set by initial conditions).
    Fill out the !
    table below for various times to see how the relative size of each
    eigenvector varies with time. (Your table entries should all be numerical values)

    t en1t en2t en1t /en2t

    -10

    10

    7. As time goes to positive infinity, does your solution tend to one eigenvector or the
    other? If so, which one? Would your conclusion change if 100R1=R2? If
    R1=100 R2?

    8. As time goes to negative infinity, does your solution tend to one eigenvector or
    the other? If so, which one? Would your conclusion change if 100R1=R2? If
    R1=100 R2?

    D. Meredith/UNH Physics
    Phase Space

    9. On the graph paper given, sketch the eigenvectors (take each grid mark to be one
    unit both in x and v directions)
    v

    D. Meredith/UNH Physics
    Phase Space

    10. I have drawn in three possible phase space trajectories (each of them are only
    partial trajectories). For each trajectory, state if it seems to be obeying the rules
    of phase space (especially is the slope equal to acceleration/velocity)?

    11. On the same plot, draw at four sample trajectories, each beginning at one of they
    grey dots Be sure to use the key properties of phase space trajectories:

    a. Trajectories do not cross

    b. Trajectories are traversed in a clockwise manner

    c. The slope is equal to acceleration/velocity

    d. And, for this case, the relationship of each trajectory to the eigenvectors.

    Explain your reasoning for one trajectory.

    D. Meredith/UNH Physics
    Phase Space

    12. For each of the four trajectories above, sketch a plot of x(t) on the axes below.
    (How can you infer from the phase space plot how quickly the particle is moving?

    D. Meredith/UNH Physics
    Phase Space

    13. Using phase space information to design a system: Imagine you want to start
    your system at x=2.

    a. What velocity will you give it so that it reaches x=.2 as quickly as


    possible? Explain your reasoning.

    b. In part a I was looking for an exact value. However, its impossible to


    impart an exact velocity. What ranges of velocity will give you the
    quickest motion to x=.2? Explain your reasoning.

    c. Given the above ranges of velocity, what is the maximum time it will take
    to reach x=.2?

    14. As the damping gets larger and larger (for fixed spring constant), how will the
    eigenvectors change? Explain your reasoning.

    D. Meredith/UNH Physics

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