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    16 - Optimal Power Flow

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    zionees01
    The document discusses optimal power flow (OPF) which optimizes control variables like generator output and transformer taps to minimize objectives like power losses while satisfying constraints. OPF directly solves for optimal settings rather than iteratively adjusting controls like traditional load flow analysis.

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    16 - Optimal Power Flow

    Uploaded by

    zionees01
    133 views23 pages
    The document discusses optimal power flow (OPF) which optimizes control variables like generator output and transformer taps to minimize objectives like power losses while satisfying constraints. OPF directly solves for optimal settings rather than iteratively adjusting controls like traditional load flow analysis.

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    ETAP tutorial

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    The document discusses optimal power flow (OPF) which optimizes control variables like generator output and transformer taps to minimize objectives like power losses while satisfying constraints. OPF directly solves for optimal settings rather than iteratively adjusting controls like traditional load flow analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    133 views23 pages

    16 - Optimal Power Flow

    Uploaded by

    zionees01
    The document discusses optimal power flow (OPF) which optimizes control variables like generator output and transformer taps to minimize objectives like power losses while satisfying constraints. OPF directly solves for optimal settings rather than iteratively adjusting controls like traditional load flow analysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 23

    Optimal Power Flow

    (OPF)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow


    Table of Contents
    Review of Load Flow Solution
    Optimal Power Flow Approach
    Comparison of LF and OPF
    Optimization Examples
    Power Balance Equation
    Control Variables
    Objective Functions
    Other Constraints
    OPF Study Case Editor
    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 2
    Review of Load Flow
    Solution
    Given generation, loading and control
    settings (Mwgen, Vgen, LTC, Capacitor
    Bank, )
    Solve bus voltages and branch flows
    Check over/under voltage, device
    overloading conditions
    Reset controls and run Load Flow again
    Iterative process
    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 3
    Optimal Power Flow
    Approach
    Given control setting ranges
    Specify bus voltage and branch loading
    constraints
    Select optimization objectives (Min. P
    Losses, Min. Q Losses, )
    Solve bus voltages, branch flows and control
    settings
    Direct solution
    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 4
    Comparison of LF and OPF

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 5
    Optimization Example 1
    Objective function: Min. y(x) = 20x2 80x10
    Control variable x range: 0 x 10
    Non-constrained

    1400
    1200
    1000
    800
    600
    Y

    400
    200 Solution Found
    0
    -200 0 5 10 15

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 6
    Optimization Example 2
    Objective function: Min. y(x) = 20x2 80x10
    Control variable x range: 0 x 10
    Balance equation y = 60x 100
    Constrained (Solution Found)

    1400
    1200
    1000
    800
    600
    Y

    400
    200 Solution Found
    0
    -200 0 5 10 15

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 7
    Optimization Example 3
    Objective function: Min. y(x) = 20x2 80x10
    Control variable x range: 0 x 10
    Balance equation y = 20x 300
    Constrained (No Solution)

    1400
    1200
    1000 Solution not
    800
    600
    found!
    Y

    400
    200
    (Infeasible)
    0
    -200 0 5 10 15
    -400
    X

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 8
    Power Balance Equation

    Pgen Pload Ploss = 0

    Qgen Qload Qloss = 0

    P=0 and Q=0

    Load Flow Solves


    Power Balance Equation Only

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 9
    Control Variables
    Load Tap Changer (LTC) Settings
    Generator AVR Settings
    Generator MW Generation
    Series or Shunt VAR Compensator Settings
    Phase Shift Transformer Tap Positions
    Switched Capacitor Settings
    Load Shedding
    DC Line Flow

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 10
    Objective Functions
    Minimize Real Power Losses
    - To minimize real power losses in the system

    Minimize Reactive Power Losses


    - To minimize reactive power losses in the system

    Minimize Swing Bus Power


    - To minimize real power generation at the swing
    bus(s)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 11
    Objective Functions
    Minimize Shunt var Devices
    - To minimize var generation from available shunt
    var control devices

    Minimize Fuel Cost


    - To minimize total generation fuel cost

    Minimize Series Compensation


    - To minimize var generation from available
    series var control devices
    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 12
    Objective Functions
    Minimize Load Shedding
    - To minimize load to be shed from the available
    bus load shed schedule

    Minimize Control Movement


    - To minimize total number of controls

    Minimize Control Adjustment


    - To minimize overall adjustment from all controls

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 13
    Objective Functions
    Maximize Voltage Security Index
    2n
    AllBuses Vi Vi ,avg
    Voltage Security Index
    i dVi

    Where,

    Vi ,max Vi ,min Vi ,max Vi ,min


    Vi ,avg dVi
    2 2

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 14
    Objective Functions
    Maximize Line Flow Security Index
    AllBranches 2n
    Si
    Line Flow Security Index
    i Si

    Where, d S i is the line rating

    Flat Voltage Profile


    - Voltage Magnitude difference between all
    buses is minimum

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 15
    Other Constraints
    Bus Voltage Constraints

    Branch Flow Constraints

    Interface Flow Constraints

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 16
    OPF Study Case Editor
    (Objectives)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 17
    OPF Study Case Editor
    (Controls)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 18
    OPF Study Case Editor
    (Controls)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 19
    OPF Study Case Editor
    (Controls)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 20
    OPF Study Case Editor
    (Controls)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 21
    OPF Study Case Editor
    (Constraints)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 22
    OPF Study Case Editor
    (Constraints)

    1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. Workshop Notes: Optimal Power Flow Slide 23

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