DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SELF

CENTERING VICE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
R.ARJUN 813814114011

A.DANIEL 813814114021

B.HARIHARAN 813814114035

K.MARUTHALOKESH 813814114306

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SARANATHAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, TIRUCHIRAPALLI.

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2017
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified this project report DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SELF

CENTERING VICE is the bonafide work of

R.ARJUN 813814114011

A.DANIEL 813814114021

B.HARIHARAN 813814114035

K.MARUTHALOKESH 813814114306

who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr.G.JAYAPRAKASH Mr.A.SARAVANAN
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,
Saranathan College of Engineering Saranathan College ofEngineering.
Trichy 620012 Trichy 620012
 CERTIFICATE OF EVALUATION

College Code : 8138

College Name : Saranathan College of Engineering, Tiruchirappalli

Branch : Mechanical Engineering

Semester : VI

S. Register Name of the Student Title of the Name of the

No. Number Project supervisor with
designation
1 813814114011 R.ARJUN DESIGN AND Mr.
2 813814114021 A.DANIEL FABRICATION A.SARAVANAN
OF SELF
3 813814114035 B.HARIHARAN
CENTERING
4 813814114306 K.MARUTHALOKESH VICE

The thesis of the project work submitted by the above students in partial fulfilment
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering
of Anna University, Chennai was confirmed to be the work done by the above
students and then evaluatedon ____/____/____

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere thanks to Shri.S.Ravindran, Secretary, Prof. V.

Nagarajan, Director and Dr.D.Valavan, M.Tech., Ph.d, Principal, Saranathan
College of Engineering, for performing us to carry out this project.

We are much obligated to Dr.G.Jayaprakash, M.E., Ph.d., Head of the

Department, Department of Mechanical Engineering for his constant support
and encouragement.

We express our sincere thanks to our project guide and project

coordinator,Mr.A.Saravanan, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering for his constructive suggestions during the project fabrication and
completion of the project.

We would like to thankful to our workshop instructor Mr.N.Paramasivam for

his valuable support throughout our project.

We would like to thank to our staff and technical assistants for their support and
help rendered by them in completing this project successfully.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE Page No.

Abstract i

List of Tables ii

List of Figures iii

Chapter 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Assembly drawing 2

1.2 Detailing 3

1.3 Types of vice 6

1.4 Process Chart 11

Chapter 2 SELECTION OF MATERIAL

2.1 Nomenclature of twist drills 14

Chapter 3 DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORK

3.1 Design calculation 22

3.2 Design process 27

3.3 Fabrication 32

Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results 33

4.2 Advantages 36

4.3 Disadvantages 36

4.4 Applications 37

4.5 Future scope 38

4.6 Conclusion 38

4.7 References 39
 ABSTRACT

This project mainly deals about design and fabrication of Self

centering vice. The work consists of vice which is used to hold
circular objects for drilling and machining operations. It is used when
machining circular compounds. The work piece can be machined both
horizontally and vertically based on the positioning of the vice. This
type of vice is used for complicated jobs because it needs to be set
horizontal and square planes before starting work. It is also used in
slotting and planar machines. Specific operations such drilling and
milling has been demonstrated.

i
 LIST OF TABLES
Chapter TITLE Page No.
No.
4.1 Bill of Materials 34

4.2 Cost Estimation 35

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES
Chapter TITLE Page No.
No.
1.1 Assembly diagram 2
1.2 Front view 3
1.3 Top view 4
1.4 Side view 5
1.5 Hydraulic power machine vice 7
1.6 Accu-Lock Precision Machine vice 8
1.7 Double action angle tight machine vice 9
1.8 OH Milling Precision Machine vice 10
2.1 Point angle 18
3.1 3D Drawing of assembly 28
3.2 Base part 28
3.3 V Block 29
3.4 End plate 29
3.5 Work piece 30
3.6 Rectangular bar 30
3.7 M12 Bolt 31
4.1 Drilling operation using vice 33

iii
 1. INTRODUCTION

A vise or vice is a mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a

work piece to allow work to be performed on it with tools such as saws, planes,
drills, mills, screw drivers, sandpaper, etc. Vices usually have one fixed jaw
and another parallel jaw which is moved towards or away from the fixed jaw by
screw.

Different types of vice are designed to accommodate different tasks. For

instance, a metal working vice would not be ideal for professional wood
working as it is designed to hold stronger materials and could possibly damage
the wood.

Vices can be separated into four categories: metal working, wood working,
hand-held and machine.

1
1.1 ASSEMBLY DIAGRAM

Fig 1.1 Assembly diagram

2
1.2 DETAILING

Fig 1.2 Front View

3
Fig 1.3 Top view

4
Fig 1.4 Side view

5
 1.3 TYPES OF VICE

Metal working vices:

Metal working vices are mostly used for clamping metals, although they are the
most versatile type of vice and can also be used to hole other materials, such as
wood or plastic, if needed. Despite this, users should be careful when clamping
wooden materials with a metal working vice, as the jaws can damage the
appearance of the work piece.

A metal working vice is usually mounted to the top of a workbench. Metal

working vices are designed for strength when under pressure from heavy
objects, such as steel bench blocks, and are available in a variety of different
models and sizes for various tasks.

Wood working vices:

Wood working vices are specifically used to clamp wood, not metal. Wood
working vices differ from metal working vices as they are usually designed to
mount underneath a workbench.

Hand-held vices:

Hand-held vices are manually held tools for clamping or holding small objects
while they are being worked on. They are ideal for holding small work pieces
while completing intricate tasks, such as gluing or painting.

6
Hydraulic Power Machine Vise
Performance and characteristics:
characteristic
1. It is made of spheroidal cast iron.
2. The hardness of working surface is HRC50-60
3. The accuracy of vise (parallelism and squareness) is 0.025mm/100mm.
4. Resist bending in place of traditional clamping, it can produce strong
campling by small pressure.

Fig 1.5 Hydraulic Power Machine Vise

Accu-Lock Precision Machine Vise

Performance and characteristics:
characteristic
1. It is made of spheroidal cast iron.
2. The hardness of working surface is HRC50-60.
HRC50
3. The vise with angle lock devise can prevent work piece rising during
operation.
4. The accuracy of vise (Parallelism and squareness) is 0.025mm/100mm.

7
5. The vise can be using with single or setting side by side on the machine
table.
Applications:
It is widely used on machining center and other precision machine tools.

Fig 1.6 Accu-Lock

Lock Precision Machine Vise

Double-action
action Angle Tight Machine Vise
Performance and characteristics:
1. It is made of spheroidal cast iron.
2. The hardness of working surface is HRC50-60.
HRC50
4. It is possessed of two clamping positions. Two work pieces of same the vise
or of different size can be clamped with are clamped in different positions and
processed in different surfaces.
5. The Vise can be using with single or setting by side on the machine table.

Applications:
It is widely used on machining center and other precision machine tools.

8
Fig 1.7 Double-action Angle Tight Machine Vise

Delinble Machine Vise

Performance and characteristics:
1. It is made of high-quality cast iron.
2. The accuracy of vise (Parallelism and squareness) is 0.025mm/100mm.
3. The vise body can be indexed through 90 degrees in vertical direction
along large archaized guide way of swivel disc which can be indexed
through 360 degrees in horizontal direction on the base.
Applications:
It is widely used on machine tool in making some kinds of slots, holes and
faces.

9
Fig 1.8 OH Milling Precision Machine Vise

OH Milling Precision Machine Vise

Performance and characteristics:
1. It is made of high-quality cast iron.
2. The accuracy of vise (parallelism and squareness) is 0.025mm/100mm.
Applications:
It is widely used on milling, planning and drilling machine tools
In making some kinds of slots, holes and faces.

10
1.4 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Start

Selection of
Material

Design Process

3D Drawing of
Individual parts

Assembly of
Individual parts

Design
calculations

Summary of
calculations

Fabrication
work

Stop

11
 2. SELECTION OF MATERIAL

Mild steel

Steel is made up of carbon and iron, with much more iron than carbon. In fact,
at the most, steel can have about 2.1 percent carbon. Mild steel is one of the
most commonly used construction materials. It is very strong and can be made
from readily available natural materials. It is known as mild steel because of its
relatively low carbon content.

Mild steel contains approximately 0.050.25% carbon making it malleable and

ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy
to form;surface hardness can be increased through carburizing.

This type of steel is a very popular metal and one of the cheapest types of steel
available. Its found in almost every metal product. This type of steel contains
less than 2 percent carbon, which makes it magnetize well. Since its relatively
inexpensive, mild steel is useful for most projects requiring huge amounts of
steel. Mild steel does not have great structural strength, making it unsuitable for
building girders or structural beams.

It is very strong due to the low amount of carbon it contains. In materials

science, strength is a complicated term. It has a high resistance to breakage.
Mild steel, as opposed to higher carbon steels, is quite malleable, even when
cold. This means it has high tensile and impact strength. Higher carbon steels
usually shatter or crack under stress, while mild steel bends or deforms. Mild
steel has a density of .248 pounds per cubic inch. It melts at 2,570 degrees
Fahrenheit. It has a specific heat of around .122 British Thermal Units (BTU)
per pound, per cubic inches.
12
Materials

Many different materials are used for or on drill bits, depending on the required
application. Many hard materials, such as carbides, are much more brittle than
steel, and are far more subject to breaking, particularly if the drill is not held at a
very constant angle to the workpiece, e.g. when hand-held.

Steels

Soft low carbon steel bits are inexpensive, but not hold an edge well and
require frequent sharpening. They are used only for drilling wood; even
working with hardwoods rather than softwoods can noticeably shorten
their lifespan.
Bits made from high carbon steel are more durable than low-carbon steel
bits due to the properties conferred by hardening and tempering the
material. If they are overheated (e.g., b frictional heating while driling)
they lose their temper, resulting in a soft cutting edge. These bits can be
used on wood or metal.
High speed steel (HSS) is a form of tool steel; Hss bits are hard, and
much more resistant to heat than high carbon steel. They can be used to
drill metal, hardwood, and most other materials at greater cutting speeds
than carbon steel bits, and have largely replaced carbon steels.
Cobalt steel alloys are variations on high speed steel which contain more
cobalt. They hold their hardness at much higher temperatures, and are
used to drill stainless steel and other hard materials. The main
disadvantage of cobalt steels is that they are more brittle than standard
HSS.

13
Others
Tungsten carbide and other carbides are extremely hard, and can drill
virtually all materials while holding an edge longer than other bits. The
material is expensive and much more brittle than steels; consequently they
are mainly used for drill bit tips, small pieces of hard material fixed for
brazing onto the tip of a bit made of less hard metal. However, it is
becoming common in job shops to use soled carbide bits. In very small sizes
it is difficult to fit carbide tips; in some industries, most notably PCB
manufacturing, requiring many holes with diameters less than 1 mm, carbide
bits are used.
Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is among the hardest of all toll materials
and is therefore about 0.5mm (0.019) thick, bonded as a sintered mass to a
tungsten carbide support. Bits are fabricated using this material by either
brazing small segments to the tip of the tool to form the cutting edges, or by
sintering PCD into a vein in the tungsten carbide nib. The nib can later be
brazed to a carbide shaft; it can then be ground to complex geometries that
would otherwise cause braze failure in the smaller segments. PCD bits
are typically used in the automotive, aerospace, and other industries to drill
abrasive aluminum alloys, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and other
abrasive materials, and in applications where machine downtime to replace
or sharpen worn bits is exceptionally costly.

2.1NOMENCLATURE OF TWIST DRILLS AND OTHER TERMS

RELATING TO DRILLING

Axis: The imaginary straight line which forms the longitudinal center line of the
drill.

14
Back Taper: A slight decrease in diameter from front to back in the body of the
drill.
Body: The portion of the drill extending from the shank or neck to the outer
corners of the cutting lips.
Body Diameter Clearance: That portion of the land that has been cut away so it
will not rub against the walls of the hole.
Built-Up Edge: An adhering deposit of nascent material on the cutting lip or the
point of the drill.
Cam Relief: The relief from the cutting edge to the back of the land, produced
by a cam actuated cutting tool or grinding wheel on a relieving machine.
Chip Breaker: Nicks or Grooves designed to reduce the size of chips; they may
be steps or grooves in the cutting lip or in the leading face of the land at or
adjacent to the cutting lips.
Chip Packing: The failure of chips to pass through the flute during cutting
action.
Chipping: The breakdown of a cutting lip or margin by loss of fragments
broken away during the cutting action.
Chisel Edge: The edge at the end of the web that connects the cutting lips
Chisel Edge Angle: The angle included between the chisel edge and the cutting
lip, as viewed from the end of the drill.
Clearance: The space provided to eliminate undesirable contact between the
drill and the workpiece.
Clearance Diameter: The diameter over the cut away portion of the drill lands.
Crankshaft or Deep Hole Drills: Drills designed for drilling oil holes in
crankshafts, connecting rods and similar deep holes; they are generally made
with heavy webs and higher helix angles than normal.
Cutter Sweep: The section formed by the tool used to generate the flute in
leaving the flute.

15
Double Margin Drill: A drill whose body diameter clearance is produced to
leave more than one margin on each land and is normally made with margins on
the leading edge and on the heel of the land.
Drift: A flat tapered bar for forcing a taper shank out of its socket.
Drift Slot: A slot through a socket at the small end of the tapered hole to
receive a drift for forcing a taper shank out of its socket.
Drill Diameter: The diameter over the margins of the drill measured at the
point.
Exposed Length: The distance the large of a shank projects from the drive
socket or large end of the taper ring gage.
External Center: The conical point on the shank end of the drill. And the point
end on some sizes of core drills.
Flat Drill: A drill whose flutes are produced by two parallel or tapered flats.
Flat (Spade) Drill: A removable cutting drill tip usually attached to a special
holder designed for this purpose; generally used for drilling or enlarging cored
holes.
Flutes: Helical or straight grooves cut or formed in the body of the drill to
provide cutting lips, to permit removal of chips, and to allow cutting fluid to
reach the cutting lips.
Flute Length: The length from the outer corners of the cutting lips to the
extreme back end of the flutes; it includes the sweep of the tool used to generate
the flutes and, therefore, does not indicate the usable length of the flutes.
Gage Line: The axial position on a taper where the diameter is equal to the
basic large end diameter of the specified taper.
Galling: An adhering deposit of nascent work material on the margin adjacent
to the leading edge at and near the point of a drill.
Guide: A cylindrical portion, following the cutting portion of the flutes, acting
as a guide to keep the drill in proper alignment; the guide portion may be fluted,
grooved, or solid.

16
Gun Drill: Special purpose straight flute drills with one or more flutes used for
deep hole drilling; they are usually provided with coolant passages through the
body.
Half-Round Drill: A drill with a transverse cross-section of approximately half
a circle and having one cutting lip.
Heel: The trailing edge of the land.
Helical Flutes: Flutes which are formed in a helical path around the axis.
Helix Angle: The angle made by the leading edge of the land with a plane
containing the axis of the drill.
Land: The peripheral portion of the body between adjacent flutes.
Land width: The distance between the leading edge and the heel of the land
measured at a right angle to the leading edge.
Lead: The axial advance of a leading edge of the land in one turn around the
circumference.
Lips: The cutting edges of a two flute drill extending from the chisel edge to the
periphery.
Lip Relief: The axial relief on the drill point.
Lip Relief Angle: The axial relief angle at the outer corner of the lip; it is
measured by projection into a plane tangent to the periphery at the outer corner
of the lip.
Margin: The cylindrical portion of the land which is not cut away to provide
clearance.
Multiple-Margin Drill: A drill whose body diameter clearance is produced to
leave more than one margin in each land.
Neek: The section of reduced diameter between the body and the shank of a
drill.
Oil Grooves: Longitudinal straight or helical grooves in the shank, or grooves in
the lands of a drill to carry cutting fluid to the cutting lips Oil Holes or Tubes:

17
Holes through the lands or web of a drill for passage of cutting fluid to the
cutting lips.
Overall Length: The length from the extreme end of the shank to the outer
corners of the cutting lips; it does not include the conical shank end often used
on straight shank drills, nor does it include the conical cutting point used on
both straight and taper shank drills.
Periphery: The outside circumference of a drill.
Peripheral Rake Angle: The angle between the leading edge of the land and an
axial plane at the drill point.
Pilot: A cylindrical portion of the drill body preceding the cutting lips; it may be
solid, grooved, or fluted.
Point: The cutting end of a drill, made up of the ends of the lands and the web;
in form it resembles a cone, but departs from a true cone to furnish clearance
behind the cutting lips.

Fig 2.1 Point angle

Point Angle: The angle included between the cutting lips projected upon a plane
parallel to the drill axis and parallel to the two cutting lips.

18
Relative Lip Height: The difference in indicator reading on the cutting lip of the
drill; it is measured at a right angle to the cutting lip at a specific distance from
the axis of the tool.
Relief: The results of the removal of tool material being are adjacent to the
cutting lip and leading edge of the land to provide clearance and prevent
rubbing (heel drag).
Shank: The part of the drill by which it is held and driven.
Sleeve: A tapered shell designed to fit into a specified socket and to receive a
taper shank smaller than the socket.
Socket: The tapered hole in a spindle, adaptor, or sleeve, designed to receive,
hold, and drive a tapered shank.
Step Drill: A multiple diameter drill with one set of drill lands which are ground
to different diameters.
Straight Flutes: Flutes which form lands lying in an axial plane.
Sub land Drill: A type of multiple diameter drill which has independent sets of
lands in the same body section for each diameter.
Tang: The flattened end of a taper shank, intended to fit into a driving slot in a
socket.
Tang Drive: Two opposite parallel driving flats on the extreme end of a straight
shank.
Taper Drill: A drill with part or all of its cutting flute length ground with a
specific taper to produce tapered holes; they are used for drilling the original
hole or enlarging an existing hole.
Taper Square Shank: A taper shank whose cross section is square.
Web: The central portion of the body that joins the lands; the extreme end of the
web forms the chisel edge on a two-flute drill.
Web Thickness: The thickness of the web at the point, unless another specific
location is indicated.

19
Web Thinning: The operation of reducing the web thickness at the point to
reduce drilling thrust.

MILLING CUTTER:
Milling Cutters are cutting tools typically used in milling machines
or machining centre (and occasionally in other machine tools). They remove
material by their movement within the machine (e.g., a ball nose mill) or
directly from the cutters shape (e.g., a form tool such as hobbing cutter)

Features of A MILLING CUTTER:

Milling cutters come in several shapes and many sizes. There is also a choice of
coatings, as well as rake angle and number of cutting surfaces.
Shape: Several standard shapes of milling cutter are used in industry today,
which are explained in more detail below.
Flutes/teeth: The flutes of the milling bit are the deep helical grooves running
up the cutter, while the sharp blade along the edge of the flute is known as the
tooth. The tooth cuts the material, and chips of this material are pulled up the
flute by the rotation of the cutter. There is almost always one tooth per flute, but
some cutters milling cutters may have from one to many teeth, with 2,3,4 being
most common. Typically, the more teeth a cutter has, the more rapidly it can
remove material. So a 4 tooth cutter can remove material at twice the rate of a 2
tooth cutter.
Helix Angle: The flutes of a milling cutter are almost always helical. If the
flutes were straight, the whole tooth would impact the material at once, causing
vibration and reducing accuracy and surface quality. Setting the flutes at an
angle allows the tooth to enter the material gradually, reducing vibration.
Typically finishing cutters have a higher rake angle to give a better finish
Center Cutting: Some milling cutters can drill straight down through the
material, while others cannot. This is because the teeth of some cutters do not

20
go all the way to the end face. However, these cutters can cut downwards at an
angle of 45o or so.
Roughing or Finishing: Different types of cutter are available for cutting away
large amounts of material, leaving a poor surface finish, or removing a smaller
amount of material, but leaving a good surface finish. A roughing cutter may
have serrated teeth for breaking the chips of material into smaller pieces. These
teeth leave a rough surface being. A finishing cutter may have a large number of
flutes leaves little room for efficient swarf removal, so they are less appropriate
for removing large amounts of material.
Coatings: The right tool coatings can have a great influence on the cutting
process by increasing cutting speed and tool life, and improving hard coating
used on cutters which must withstand high abrasive wear. A PCD coated tool
may last up to 100 times longer than an uncoated tool. However the coating
cannot be used at temperatures above 600o or on ferrous metal. Tools for
machining aluminum are sometimes given a coating of tialn. Aluminum is a
relatively sticky metal, and can weld itself to the teeth of tools, causing them to
appear blunt. However it tends not to stick to tialn, allowing the tool to be used
for much longer in aluminum.
Shank: The shank is the cylindrical part of the tool which is used to hold and
locate it in the holder. A shank may be perfectly round, and held by friction, or
it may have a Weldon Flat, where a grub screw makes contact for increased
torque without the tool slipping. The diameter may be different from the
diameter of the cutting part of the tool, so that it can be held by a standard tool
holder.

21
 3. DESIGN AND FABRICATION WORK
3.1 DESIGN CALCULATION

Cutting Force (Drilling)

FC=Ps x MRR/v (N) (eqn 3.1)

Where PS=Specific Power=6.777x10-2 kW min/mm3 (For Mild Steel)
MRR=( D2/4)Fr x N (eqn 3.2)
Fr=Feed Rate(mm/min) =1.8
N=Drill Speed (rpm) = 1220
D=Drill Diameter (mm) = 6
v= DN (mm/min) = 22984.8 mm/min (peripheral velocity)
MRR=( D2/4) x Fr x N=(3.14x36/4) x1.8x1220
= 6205.896
FC =PS x MRR/v=(6.777 x 10-2 x 6205.896)/22984.8
FC=180.279N

Cutting Force (Milling)

The 3 components of the cutting force

Axial component of force, PX: 0.15PZ (eqn 3.3)
Radial component of force, PY: 0.45PZ (eqn 3.4)
Tangential force, PZ: 6120N/V (eqn 3.5)
Drill diameter, d: 0.012 m
Spindle Speed, n: 360 rpm
where,
N: power at spindle in kW
V: cutting speed in m/min

22
Cutting Speed, V= dn/1000 m/min (eqn 3.6)
V= x 0.012 x 360/1000
V=13.572 x 10-3m/min

Power at the spindle, N = UKhKQ (eqn 3.7)

Where,
U - Unit power in kW/cm3/min
Kh - Correction factor for flank wear
K - Correction factor for radial rake angle
Q - Material removal rate in cm3/min
To find U we need average chip thickness, as which is given by,
Average chip thickness, c=114.6 x SZ x t/(s x D) (eqn 3.8)
Where,
SZ : feed per tooth (mm per tooth)
From DDB Pg.No.12.29 for Mild Steel workpiece and HSS cutter Sz is
given by 0.15 mm per tooth.
t : depth of cut (2 mm)
D: cutter diameter (12 mm)
s : angle of contact with the workpiece in degree.

23
 ANGLE OF CONTACT WITH WORKPIECE

Average chip thickness, c= 114.6 x 0.15 x 2/(48.19 x 12)

c=0.0595 mm.

Then,
Unit power, U for average chip thickness and
U=45 x 10-3 kW/cm3/min (Mild Steel)
Kh= 1.18.
K = 0.15
Metal removal rate, Q=btSm/1000 cm3/min (eqn 3.9)
Where,
b: width of cut= t/sin x (eqn 3.10)

Sine of approach angle x can be calculated using the relation,

sin x=c/SZ
sin x= 0.0595/0.15
sin x= 0.9367
So, b= 2/0.3967
b= 5.042 mm.

Feed per minute, Sm=SZ x Z x n (eqn 3.11)

Sm= 0.15 x 360 x 4
Sm= 216 mm/min.

Then,
Q=5.42 x 2 x 0.216

24
 Q=2.1782cm3/min.

So,

Power at the spindle, N=UKhK Q (eqn 3.12)

N=45 x 10-3 x 1.18 x 0.93 x 2.1782
N=0.1076kW.

Tangential force PZ = 6120 x N x 9.81/V

= 6120 x 0.1076 x 9.81/13.572
PZ= 475.98 Newton.

Axial component of cutting force, PX=0.15Pz=0.15 x 475.98

PX=71.397 N

Radial component of cutting force, PY=0.15Pz=0.15 x 475.98

PY=214.191N

Resultant cutting force, PR = (PX2 + PY2 +PZ2) (eqn 3.13)

PR = (475.982 + 71.3972 + 214.1912)
PR = 526.813 N

25
 Clamping Force
Clamping force, Pcl = PRx Factor of Safety/Co-efficient of friction
(eqn 3.14)
Pcl = 526.813 x 1.3/0.3
Pcl = 2282.88 N
From above calc Clamping Force is greater than Cutting Force (Milling
and Drilling) Hence Design is Safe.

Maximum Bending Stress

Assume Cantilever Beam and ping load acting on it so Max.Bending Stress of
Side Plates can be calculated by

Max Bending Stress,q = M/(bd2/6) (N/mm2) (eqn 3.15)

Where,
M=Max Bending moment = P x L (N-mm) (eqn 3.16)
P = Load applied (N) = 228288 N
L=length of the beam (mm) = 290mm
b=175mm
d=36mm
Max Bending Stress, q = M/(bd2/6)
= (2282.88 x 290) / (175 x 36 x 36/5)
q = 17.43 N/mm2 < 190 N/mm2
From above calc design bending stress is less than the permissible stress
Hence Design is Safe.

26
3.2DESIGN PROCESS

Start

Design of Base

Design of lead screw

Design of V Block

Design of End
plates

Design of Bolts &

Nuts

Design of work piece

(cylindrical object)

Assembly of all
the part drawings

Stop

27
Fig 3.1 3D Drawing of Assembly

Fig 3.2 Base part

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Fig 3.3 V Block

Fig 3.4 End plate

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 Fig 3.5 Work piece

Fig 3.6 Rectangular bar

30
Fig 3.7 M12 Bolt

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 3.3 FABRICATION

The base plate and rectangular bars are welded. Right side tail end part is
welded with base. Lead screw is made by using threading. V-block is made
using notching on a T-shaped bar. Drilling and boring is done on the end of the
V-block. Internal threading is done on bottom end of the V-block. Drilling is
done on the left face of rectangular bar and left side of the tail end. Tapping is
also done on the drilled portion of the rectangular bar.

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 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results:

Fig 4.1 Drilling operation using vice

Thus the self centering vice has been manufactured successfully. The vice has
been installed in the upright drilling machine and drilling operation has been
performed in the workpiece.

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 Table 4.1 BILL OF MATERIALS

S.No MATERIAL SIZE QTY

01 Base Plate 300mm x 300mm 1
02 Side Plate 100mm x 100mm 2
03 Mild Steel (Job) 40mm x 40mm 1
04 Bolt and Nuts M12 4
05 Pin M12 1

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 Table 4.2 COST ESTIMATION

S.No COMPONENT DESCRIPTION QUANTITY COST (IN

RUPEES)
300 mm x
01 M.S. Plate 1 660
300mm
100 mm x
02 M.S. Plate 2 200
100mm
03 M.S. Plate 40 mm x 40mm 1 60
04 Bolt And Nut M12 4 80
05 M.S. Pin M12 1 20
06 ---------- ---------- Total 1170

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4.2 ADVANTAGES

Portable one
Can be fixed at anywhere
Holding cylindrical workpieces rigidly
Workpieces can be easily holded as it is a self centering vice.
It saves time when fitting the work piece in the vice.
Reduction in center marking time

4.3 DISADVANTAGES

It is not strong enough for heavy-duty clamping.

Risk of vibration or moving during work.

Portable vices with an integrated clamp may not fit on to all surface
edges.

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4.4 APPLICATIOINS

Self centering vice can be used for drilling and milling operations.
It is used to drill the hole in both horizontal and vertical directions.
It can also be installed in slotting machine.

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4.5 FUTURE SCOPE:
Tapered milling and drilling also can be done by making small
modifications in the base plate by adding angle plate.
Holes can be drilled at angles of 80 70 60
Rectangular surfaces can be milled at an angle of 10 20 30

4.6 CONCLUSION

The Project SELF CENTERING VICE is used for drilling and milling.
This project can be useful in demonstrations in educational institutions.
It can also be used in small scale industries.
With some slight modifications and inclusion of certain tool changing
mechanism our project can be further developed and analysed.
It can also be used in shaping, slotting and planar machines.

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 4.7 REFERENCES

1. Design data book P.S.G Data book.

2. Machine tool design handbook Central machine tool Institute,
3. Strength of Materials R.S. Khurmi
4. Manufacturing Technology S.GOWRI
5. http://www.translatorscafe.com/.
6. http://mci-oman.com/telecommunication_main_material_spec.htm
Bangalore.
7. http://www.customparnet.com/calculator/v-bending-force.

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