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Principles of Assessment Validity

The document discusses the principles of validity and reliability in testing. It defines validity as how well a test measures what it aims to measure. There are three types of validity: content, criterion, and construct validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of test results and is measured through stability over time, alternate forms, and internal consistency. A test must be valid to provide accurate and meaningful results, but reliability alone does not guarantee validity.

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154 views2 pages

Principles of Assessment Validity

The document discusses the principles of validity and reliability in testing. It defines validity as how well a test measures what it aims to measure. There are three types of validity: content, criterion, and construct validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of test results and is measured through stability over time, alternate forms, and internal consistency. A test must be valid to provide accurate and meaningful results, but reliability alone does not guarantee validity.

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Principles of Assessment Validity & Reliability

Adapted from:
http://blog.wonderlic.com/reliability-and-validity-in-testing-what-do-they-mean

https://fcit.usf.edu/assessment/basic/basicc.html

Validity

Validity is more difficult to assess than reliability. There are various ways to
assess and demonstrate that an assessment is valid, but in simple terms,
validity refers to how well a test measures what it is supposed to
measure.
There are several approaches to determine the validity of an assessment,
including the assessment of content, criterion-related and construct validity.

Type of Validity Definition Example/Non-Example


Content The extent to which the A semester or quarter exam
content of the test matches that only includes context
the instructional objectives. covered during the last six
weeks is not a valid measure
of the courses overall
objectivesit has very low
content validity.
Criterion The extent to which scores on If the end-of-the-year math
the test are in agreement tests in 4th grade correlate
with (concurrent validity) or highly with the statewide
predict (predictive validity) an math tests, they would have
external criterion. high concurrent validity.
Construct The extent to which an If you can correctly
assessment corresponds to hypothesize that English
other variables, as predicted Language Learners will
by some rationale or theory. perform differently on a
reading test than English-
speaking students (because of
theory), the assessment may
have construct validity.

Reliability

If you are focusing on the reliability of a test, all you need to ask isare the
results of the test consistent? If I take the test today, a week from now
and a month from now, will my results be the same?

If an assessment is reliable, your results will be very similar no matter when


you take the test. If the results are inconsistent, the test is not considered
reliable.

Type of How to Measure


Reliability

Stability or Give the same assessment twice, separated by days,


Test-Retest weeks, or months. Reliability is stated as the correlation
between scores at Time 1 and Time 2.

Alternate Create two forms of the same test (vary the items
Form slightly). Reliability is stated as correlation between scores
of Test 1 and Test 2.

Internal Compare one half of the test to the other half.


Consistency

If a test is valid, it is almost always reliable. If a test is reliable, it may


not provide a valid measure.

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