05) Machine Design I

Machine Design I
(MCE-C 203)
Mechatronics Dept.,
Faculty of Engineering,
Fayoum University
Dr. Ahmed Salah Abou Taleb

Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering Dept.,
Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum
University
1
Course Outlines
Design of detachable joints: ( threaded joints , keys
.and splines)
Thread Standards and Definitions.
The Mechanics of Power Screws.
Strength Constraints.
Joints-Fasteners Stiffness.
Joints-Member Stiffness.
Bolt Strength.
Tension Joints-The External Load.
Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension.
Statically Loaded Tension Joint with Preload.
Gasketed Joints.
Fatigue Loading of Tension Joints.
Shear Joints.
Setscrews.
Keys and Pins.
Stochastic Considerations. 2
Introduction
How can you assembled all the shown
?part together to get a final product
Permeate Joint Non-permeate

Joint
Welding Screw
Bolt & Nut
3
Introduction
Screw Uses
Power Screw Thread

lathe lead screw & car lifting Fastener
nut and bolt which joins a
jack which transforms rotary number of components together
motion into substantial linear again by transforming rotary
motion motion into linear motion
4
Thread Profile
Thread profiles.
a) Square (b) ACME; (c) UN, ISO
5
Thread Profile
Lead=L=n p
Terminology of screw threads. Sharp Vee Threads shown for clarity;

the crests and roots are actually flattened or rounded during the 6
Mechanics of Power
Screw
A power screw is a device
used in machinery to
change the angular
motion into linear
motion, and usually, to
Applications:
transmit power.
Lead screws of lathes
Screws for vises,
presses and jacks
7
Mechanics of Power
Screw
Weight supported by three screw jacks. In each screw jack,

only the shaded member rotates.
8
Mechanics of Square
Power
In Figure; a square
Screw
threaded power screw
with single thread having
a mean diameter dm, a
pitch p, and a lead angle ,
and a helix angle is
loaded
We wishby
tothe axial
find an
compressive
expression force
for F.
the torque
required to raise this load,
Portion of a power screw
and another expression (Square)
9
Mechanics of Square
Power Screw
Force Diagrams (a) Lifting the load; (b)lowering the load

Imagine that a single thread of the screw is developed for
exactly a single turn. The figure shows a right triangle
whose base is the circumference of the mean-thread- circle
and whose height is the lead. The angle is the lead angle of the
thread . f is the coefficient of friction. For raising the load 10
a
Mechanics of Square
Power Screw
F
H PR N sin f N cos 0
(1
For raising the
load F
V F N cos f N sin 0 )
F
H PL N sin f N cos 0
(2
For lowering
the load F
V F N cos f N sin 0 )
11
Mechanics of Square
Power Screw
By solving the previous equations one can get:
F l d m f
For raising the load PR (3)
1 f l dm
F f l d m
For lowering the load PR (4)
1 f l dm
The torque is the product of the force P and the

mean radius
Torque required for raising Fd m l f d m
the load
Tto TR (5)
R overcome thread 2 d m f l
friction
Torque required
and to for lowering
raise the Fd m f d m l
the load
Tto
load TL (6)
L overcome part of the 2 d m f l 12
thread friction in lowering
Square Power Screw Self Locking
Condition
If the lead is large or the friction is low, the
load will lower itself by causing the screw to
spin withoutTany external effort. In such cases
L
the torque from Eq. (6) will be negative or
zero.
When a positive torque is obtained from this

Condition for Self Locking:
fd m l
equation, the screw is said to be self locking
Dividing both sides of the above inequality

d by
m
and
l recognizing
d tan that , we
m
get
f tan (7) 13
Square Power Screw Efficiency
If we let
f 0 in Eq. (8-
1), we obtain Fl
T0 (8)
2
which, is the torque
required to raise the
load.
The efficiency is
therefore
T0 Fl
efficiency e (9)
TR 2TR
14
Mechanics of Power Screw - ACME Thread
F is parallel to screw axis i.e.

makes angle = 14.5 with
thread surface ignoring the small
effect of l, the resultant normal
force N is F/cos . The frictional
force = f N is increased and thus
friction terms in Eq. (5) are
Torque required to raise
modified accordingly:
load F
d m lfd
m sec

TR F (10)
2d sec
m fl
ACME thread is not as efficient as square thread

because of additional friction due to wedging action
but it is often preferred because it is easier to 15
Power Screw with Collar
In most of power screw applications (load lifting); a
collar is to be designed. The presence of collar
increases the friction torque. A thrust collar
bearing must be employed between the rotating and
stationary members in order to carry the axial
component.
16
Power Screw with Collar
If f c is the
coefficient of
collar friction,
the torque
required is:
= collar friction coefficient

c
c = collar mean diameter
d m lfd
sec
TR F
m
Tc (11)
2d
m fl sec
Ff c d c (12)
Tc
2 17
Power Screw Coefficient of Friction
Coefficients of friction f for Threaded Pairs
Thrust Collar friction coefficient, fc
Coefficients of friction around 0.1 to 0.2 may be expected

18
for common materials under conditions of ordinary service
Power Screw Stress Analysis
The following stresses should be checked on both nut
and screw:
16T
3 (13)
d
1. Shearing stress in screw body. r
F 4F
2
(14)
2. Axial stress in screw body Ad r
3. Thread bearing stress

F 2F
B (15)
d m nt p / 2 d m nt p
where nt is the number of

engaged threads.
19
4. Thread bending stress
The bending stress at the root of the thread is given
by
I 1 12 d r nt p 2
3
Fp
d r nt p 2
an M
C P / 2 2 24
d
4
M Fp 24 6F
b 2
(16)
I cd n 4p d
r tn p r t
5. Transverse shear stress at the center of the

3V root
thread 3 F 3F
(17)
2 Ad 2n pm t d
2 n pm t
20
The state of stress at top of root plane is
6F
x xy 0
d r nt p
16T
y 0 yz 3
dr
4F
z zx 0
d r2
1

12
x y y z z x 6 xy2 yz2 zx2
2 2 2
'
2
21
The engaged threads cannot share the load equally.
Some experiments show that
the first engaged thread carries 0.38 of the load
the second engaged thread carries 0.25 of the load
the third engaged thread carries 0.18 of the load
the seventh engaged thread is free of load
In estimating thread stresses by the equations
above, substituting nt to 1 will give the largest level
of stresses in the thread-nut combination
22
Power Screw Buckling
Assuming that the column (screw) is a Johnson
column
2
F S y l 1
Sy
A crit 2 k CE
where
l L L'
23

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Machine Design I

Dr. Ahmed Salah Abou Taleb

Permeate Joint Non-permeate

Power Screw Thread

Terminology of screw threads. Sharp Vee Threads shown for clarity;

Weight supported by three screw jacks. In each screw jack,

Force Diagrams (a) Lifting the load; (b)lowering the load

The torque is the product of the force P and the

When a positive torque is obtained from this

Dividing both sides of the above inequality

F is parallel to screw axis i.e.

ACME thread is not as efficient as square thread

= collar friction coefficient

c = collar mean diameter

Thrust Collar friction coefficient, fc

Coefficients of friction around 0.1 to 0.2 may be expected

3. Thread bearing stress

where nt is the number of

5. Transverse shear stress at the center of the

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