Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 76 views

    FFHP 4

    Uploaded by

    Danny Goldstone
    Food For A Healthy Plant UNIB10009

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    FFHP 4

    Uploaded by

    Danny Goldstone
    76 views26 pages
    Food For A Healthy Plant UNIB10009

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Food For A Healthy Plant UNIB10009

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views26 pages

    FFHP 4

    Uploaded by

    Danny Goldstone
    Food For A Healthy Plant UNIB10009

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 26

    UNIB10009

    Nutrition 101

    Mark Hargreaves
    m.hargreaves@unimelb.edu.au
    Nutrition is the science that interprets
    the interaction of nutrients and other
    substances in food in relation to
    maintenance, growth, reproduction,
    health and disease. It includes food
    intake, absorption, assimilation,
    biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.
    Dietary components

    Energy
    Water
    Carbohydrate
    Fat
    Protein/amino acids
    Vitamins, mineral, trace elements
    Energy balance and body mass
    P. SEALE AND M.A. LAZAR

    FIG. 1. BAT contributes to energy expenditure. Weight gain and obesity are caused by chronic periods of positive energy balance. Energy intake
    comes from food consumption, whereas the major contributors to expenditure are exercise and basic metabolic processes. The studies reviewed
    here suggest that BAT activity could impact daily energy expenditure. BAT dissipates energy as heat and can thus counteract weight gain.
    Interindividual variability in the amount or function of this tissue may impact body weight. In addition, therapeutic expansion/activation of this
    tissue may prove to be an effective therapy for obesity. WAT, white adipose tissue.

    P. Seale & M.A. Lazar. Diabetes. 58: 1482-1483, 2009


    likely plays a significant role in the regulation of body lated into 1) a better understanding of the mechanisms
    weight. that work together to regulate body weight and 2) novel
    Regardless of whether the BAT present in adult humans therapeutic interventions to reduce the burden of obesity
    affects total daily energy expenditure, increasing the in our society.
    amount and/or function of this tissue could be a safe and
    Components of energy expenditure
    Measurement of energy expenditure

    Doubly labelled water


    Oxygen consumption (VO2)
    Heart rate-based estimation of VO2
    Activity monitors
    Population-based algorithms
    Oxygen uptake is exercise intensity-dependent

    P.O. strand & K. Rodahl. Textbook of Work Physiology, 1986, p. 300


    B. Saltin & L.B. Rowell. Fed. Proc. 39: 1506-1513, 1980
    Determinants of energy expenditure

    Adrenaline, thyroid hormones


    Muscle mass and oxidative capacity
    Exercise/physical activity levels
    Non-exercise activity thermogenesis
    Shivering thermogenesis
    Brown fat?
    Selected pathways involved in body
    mass regulation
    The defence of body weight

    Figure 1 Selected pathways involved in body weight regulation


    CART, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript; MSH, -melanocyte-stimulating hormone. This Figure was repro-
    duced from Proietto J. Why is treating obesity so difficult? Justification for the role of bariatric surgery. Med. J. Aust. 2011;
    195(3): 144146.
    P. Sumithran & J. Proietto. Clin. Sci. 124: 231-241, 2013
    c Copyright 2011 The Medical Journal of Australia reproduced with permission.

    Table 2 Physiological changes after diet-induced weight loss and appears to be largely due to increased efficiency of skeletal
    muscle, particularly at low workloads [50,51]. This dispropor-
    Factor Expected effect tionate decline in TEE has been shown to persist for more than 1
    Energy expenditure Increase energy storage year in subjects who maintain a reduced body weight [52].
    Fat oxidation
    Feeding and metabolism

    J.M. Friedman. Nature. 459: 340-342, 2009


    Body fluid compartments
    Mechanisms of heat loss during exercise

    J.Werner. Persp. Exerc. Sci. Sports Med.Vol. 6, 1993, p. 55


    Source: healthstart.com
    D. Silverthorn. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 2009, p. 688
    D. Silverthorn. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 2009, p. 703
    D. Silverthorn. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 2009, p. 704
    D. Silverthorn. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 2009, p. 705
    D. Silverthorn. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 2009, p. 706
    D. Silverthorn. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 2009, p. 707
    Source: glycemicindex.com
    Fuels for endurance sports

    L.Van Loon et al. J. Physiol. 536: 295-304, 2001


    Protein nutrition

    Protein-based training adaptations include increased mitochondrial density, increased


    contractile proteins/muscle mass and enhanced buffer capacity

    B.B. Rasmussen & S.M. Phillips. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 31: 127-131, 2003
    Source: healthstart.com
    Source: healthstart.com

    You might also like