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    Pathophysiology of Gastroenteritis

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    Jun Ming
    1) The document discusses the pathophysiology of several viral causes of gastroenteritis including astrovirus, calicivirus (norovirus), rotavirus, and enteric adenovirus. 2) It explains that rotavirus typically infects the mature enterocytes of the small intestine villi. It induces maldigestion and malabsorption, increases fluid secretion, and causes the intestine to secrete water and electrolytes through various mechanisms. 3) The document also briefly mentions some bacterial causes of gastroenteritis like Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and E. coli which can attach to the intestinal lining and secrete toxins

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    Pathophysiology of Gastroenteritis

    Uploaded by

    Jun Ming
    63 views2 pages
    1) The document discusses the pathophysiology of several viral causes of gastroenteritis including astrovirus, calicivirus (norovirus), rotavirus, and enteric adenovirus. 2) It explains that rotavirus typically infects the mature enterocytes of the small intestine villi. It induces maldigestion and malabsorption, increases fluid secretion, and causes the intestine to secrete water and electrolytes through various mechanisms. 3) The document also briefly mentions some bacterial causes of gastroenteritis like Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and E. coli which can attach to the intestinal lining and secrete toxins

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    4. Pathophysiology of Gastroenteritis

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    4. Pathophysiology of Gastroenteritis

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    1) The document discusses the pathophysiology of several viral causes of gastroenteritis including astrovirus, calicivirus (norovirus), rotavirus, and enteric adenovirus. 2) It explains that rotavirus typically infects the mature enterocytes of the small intestine villi. It induces maldigestion and malabsorption, increases fluid secretion, and causes the intestine to secrete water and electrolytes through various mechanisms. 3) The document also briefly mentions some bacterial causes of gastroenteritis like Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and E. coli which can attach to the intestinal lining and secrete toxins

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    63 views2 pages

    Pathophysiology of Gastroenteritis

    Uploaded by

    Jun Ming
    1) The document discusses the pathophysiology of several viral causes of gastroenteritis including astrovirus, calicivirus (norovirus), rotavirus, and enteric adenovirus. 2) It explains that rotavirus typically infects the mature enterocytes of the small intestine villi. It induces maldigestion and malabsorption, increases fluid secretion, and causes the intestine to secrete water and electrolytes through various mechanisms. 3) The document also briefly mentions some bacterial causes of gastroenteritis like Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and E. coli which can attach to the intestinal lining and secrete toxins

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    Pathophysiology of Gastroenteritis

    VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS

    Incubation Mechanism
    Name of virus period

    Astrovirus Symptoms The pathogenesis of Astrovirus has


    usually not yet been well established. It has
    appear 3 been suggested that viral replication
    4 days after occur in the intestinal tissue.
    exposure

    Calicivirus Symptoms The mechanism diarrhea is produced


    (Norovirus is the usually is unknown. The epithelial remains
    most common appear 1 intact.
    calicivirus that 2 days after
    causes viral exposure
    gastroenteritis)

    Rotavirus Symptoms Symptoms: Rotavirus typically


    usually infects children 3 to 15 months old.
    appear 1 Symptoms include watery diarrhea
    3 days after with vomiting with fever and
    exposure abdominal pain symptoms usually
    last for 3 7 days. It can also affect
    adults but the symptoms are usually
    milder.
    Mechanism of action:
    Rotavirus infects the mature
    enterocytes on the tips of small
    intestine villi. The mechanism that
    induces the production of diarrhea is
    not well understood.

    The current knowledge on the mechanisms


    leading to diarrheal disease by rotavirus is as
    follows:

    Rotavirus infections induce


    maldigestion of carbohydrates, and
    their accumulation in the intestinal
    lumen, as well as a malabsorption of
    nutrients and a concomitant inhibition
    of water reabsorption, can lead to a
    malabsorption component of diarrhea.

    Rotavirus secretes an enterotoxin,


    NSP4, which leads to a Ca 2+
    -dependent Cl- secretory mechanism.
    increases fluid secretion

    It appears to be related to the


    secretory capacity of the crypt
    cells.
    It causes a loss of permeability
    to macromolecules. The virus
    also induces the intestine to
    secrete water and electrolyte.

    Enteric Adenovirus Symptoms Mechanism of action:


    usually Induces gastroenteritis in a similar
    appear 8 manner to rotavirus.
    10 days
    after
    exposure

    BACTERIA GASTROENTERITIS
    Some bacteria will enter the gastrointestinal tract and attach to the
    lining(intestinal mucosa) where it will begin to secrete toxins(enterotoxins).
    Other bacteria may invade the mucosal cells leading to ulceration and bleeding.
    Bacterial toxins that are present in foods (exotoxins)

    Type of bacteria
    -Campylobacter jejuni
    -Shigella
    -Salmonella
    -Staphylococcus
    -E coli
    GLOSSARY
    1. enterocytes
    - a cell of the intestinal lining
    2. enterotoxin
    - a toxin produced in or affecting the intestines
    QUESTION
    1. Which of the following are not virus causing gastroenteritis?
    A. Salmonella
    B. Astrovirus
    C. Enteric Adenovirus
    D. Calicivirus

    2. Outline the mechanism of Rotavirus causing gastroenteritis.

    To know more about Ca 2+ -dependent Cl- secretory mechanism go to the website


    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26122478

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