Grammarway 4 C1 p.30-57
Grammarway 4 C1 p.30-57
Grammarway 4 C1 p.30-57
Passive
present infinitive: (to) be + past participle
e.g. He hopes to be offered a promotion.
perfect infinitive: (to) have been + past participle 4 Is he building 5 Have they been 6 Is she painting
e.g. She is believed to have been kidnapped. a house? running? a picture?
50
UNIT 2
Infinitive/The -ing form/Too-Enoug jifiples
U s e
51
UNIT 9
UIMM L
InfinityW \^ e^ -ing
ir form/Too-Enough/Participles
o Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
T j j 5 b n / a Ju m jJSJJ b :s
infinitive form or the -ing form .
after modal verbs (can, should, must, etc.).
e.g. He should apologise to his parents. 1 Simon was the last person ...to arrive... (arrive) at the
office.
BUT: Ought is followed by to -infinitive.
2 She cant get used t o ..........................(work) for such
e.g. She ought to find a job.
a large company.
after the verbs let, make, see, hear and feel. 3 Its no use ..................... (ask) Paul. He wont be able
e.g. They saw her talk to the manager. to help you.
BUT: be made, be heard, be seen + to -infinitive 4 Peter denied .............................(break) the classroom
(passive). window.
e.g. She was seen to talk to the manager. 5 I w ill............................... (feed) the dog this afternoon.
When see, hear and watch are followed by an -ing 6 We had better .............................(run) or we will miss
form, there is no change in the passive. the train.
e.g. I saw her getting into a taxi. 7 It was kind of him .................................. (help) me tidy
She was seen getting into a taxi. the house.
8 She refused ............................(answer) his questions.
can/could + see/hear + -ing form.
9 He is far too young ................................ (stay) out late
e.g. We could see smoke coming out of the building. at night.
(NOT: We could see smoke come ...) 10 Her teacher let h e r ............................(bring) her lunch
after had better and would rather. into the classroom.
e.g. You had better see a doctor. 11 I dont mind ................................. (help) you with your
Help is followed by either the to -infinitive or the homework.
bare infinitive. 12 We dont allow students ...................................... (talk)
e.g. She helped me (to) fill in my application form. to each other during exams.
13 She d is lik e s ................................. (wear) suits to work.
14 It was a mistake ................................. (leave) the door
unlocked.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 15 The thieves were seen ................................... (drive) a
infinitive form or the ing form .
stolen car.
16 I advise you ................................. (look for) a new job.
1 A: Have you decided where ...to epend... (spend) 17 Theres no point in .............................(get) angry with
your holiday? him. Its not his fault.
B Yes. I would like ................ (go) to a Greek island. 18 Ill take a book .............................(read) on the plane.
2 A I h a te ........................................... (clean) the house.
B Me too. I wish I could afford .....................................
(employ) a cleaner. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
3 A: Jane s e e m s ................................. (sleep) for hours. ' infinitive form or the -ing form .
B: Yes. She must ................................. (be) very tired.
4 A: What are you doing this weekend?
Sue has decided 1) ...to apply. .. (apply) for a new job.
B: Well, Tom suggested ....................................(drive)
Her mother advised her 2) ............................................
to the seaside.
(write) to several different companies. Sue would like
5 A: Steve claims ................. (travel) around the world.
3) (work) for a large company
B: Yes. He s e e m s ................... (go) to a lot of places.
where she can 4 ) ............................(meet) new people.
6 A: It was nice of John .....................................(visit) us
yesterday. Carol is too ill 1) ...........................(go) to work today.
B Yes. I was happy .....................................(see) him. She has managed 2 ) ..........................................(drink)
7 A Im sure Ive failed my exam. some tea and now she wants 3 ) ...................................
B Well, theres no point in .............................. (worry) (sleep). Her husband offered 4) ...................................
until you get your results. (call) the doctor, but Carol would prefer 5 )..................
8 A: We should .................... (tell) Sue about the party. ................ (wait) and see if she feels better tomorrow.
B: Yes. We had better .......................................(invite)
Tony, too. Daniel would like 1) .........................................(get) his
9 A: Did the police arrest that man? teacher a present, but he doesnt know what 2 ) ........
B: Yes. He admitted t o ............................ (steal) a car. ........................ (choose). He is thinking of 3 ) .........
10 A: Did you have a nice evening? ...........................(buy) her a book because he knows
B: Not really. I arrived home only ................................ that she enjoys 4) .............................(read). His sister
(find) that Id left my keys at work. will help him 5) ..............................(pick) a good one.
Infinitive/The -ing form /Too- Enough
I dislike 1) ..........................................(shop) because I She is going to tidy her clothes rthoc away.
q\a/o\/ Her War mnthar
mother
cant stand 2) ....................... (be) in crowded places. asked her to do it.
If I have to 3) ............................(go) into town, I avoid Her mother wants ............................................................
4 ) .................................... (visit) shops where there are Its Marys turn to do the washing-up. I insist on it.
a lot of people. I insist o n ...........................................................................
Why dont you come to my party?
Joan cant afford 1) ............................ (go) on holiday
I would lik e ........................................................................
this year, but she intends 2) .............................. (save)
Mark fell into the swimming pool on his wedding day.
up so that she can manage 3) ......................................
Ill never forget that.
(travel) around Europe next summer. She is looking
Ill never forget ..................................................................
forward to 4 ) .................... (visit) a lot of exciting places.
You have to finish this project today.
I need .................................................................................
i I dont think my secretary should attend the meeting.
S u b [e d O l ik e I dont want .......................................................................
c {C V, C ,
ILll LLlLlLV l7 me: univu
6^ Rewrite the sentences using for, as in
the example.
The subject of the infinitive or the -ing form is
omitted when it is the same as the subject of the 1 He shouldnt play his music so loud. Its too late.
main verb. Its too late ...for him to play hie mueic eo loud...
e.g. I would like to help with the preparations. 2 Barry must go to the bank today. Its necessary.
When it is different, however, it is not omitted. The Its n e ce ssary....................................................................
subject of the infinitive can be an object pronoun, 3 They must finish their homework. Its important.
a name or a noun. Its im p o rta n t.....................................................................
e.g. I would like her/Mary/my assistant to help with 4 No one has taken my order yet. Im still waiting.
the preparations. Im still waiting ..................................................................
5 You should move to the town centre. It will be more
The subject of the -ing form can be an object
convenient.
pronoun, a possessive adjective, a name or a
It will be more convenient...............................................
possessive case.
6 John should learn a foreign language. That would be a
e.g. I remember him/his/Steve/Steves winning the
good idea.
gold medal.
It would be a good idea .................................................
We use for + noun/pronoun to introduce the 7 There are shops in the hotel. Guests can do their
subject of the infinitive in the following cases: shopping.
a) with verbs such as arrange, hope, long, There are shops in the hotel ..........................................
prepare, ask, wait, etc. 8 The teacher spoke loudly. Everyone could hear him.
e.g. WeVe arranged for the plumber to come The teacher spoke loudly enough ................................
tomorrow.
b) with adjectives such as anxious, cheap, 9 Ive brought some magazines so that you can read them.
convenient, dangerous, difficult, important, Ive brought some m ag azin es........................................
necessary, etc. 10 Children shouldnt play with matches. Its dangerous.
e.g. I'm anxious for Beth to go to university. Its d a n g e ro u s ...................................................................
c) with nouns such as advantage, disadvantage,
demand, disaster, idea, mistake, etc.
e.g. ft was a mistake for you to lend him the money. 7 Complete the sentences, as in the
d) with too/enough. ' , example.
e.g. It was easy enough for her to find a job.
e) when the to -infinitive expresses purpose, 1 The supermarket has a car park for the customers ...to
e.g. There are benches for people to sit on in the park th e ir ca re in....
park. 2 The hotel has a gym for the g u e s ts ..............................
3 The school has a playground for the children ............
5?
e -ing form/Too-Enough/Participles
Underline the correct item . i 0 Choose the correct answer.
54
UNIT 2
Infinitive/The -ing form/Too-Enoug
Yeibs- to.Liuy iliif ie -iiiliu iliv e be afraid + to - inf = the subject is unwilling to do
ci il\lr - iuc (own vviili o. dlO.UClrs'" sth
e.g. He is afraid to touch the dog in case it bites him.
III l U L - C l l l l i y
be afraid of + -ing form = (the subject is afraid
that what is described by the -ing form may
forget + to - inf = not remember happen)
e.g. I have to go out. I forgot to buy a newspaper. e.g. She doesnt want to drive her fathers car.
forget + -ing form = not recall She's afraid of crashing it.
e.g. I'll never forget travelling by plane for the first time.
remember + to - inf = not forget
e.g. Did you remember to tell Sam about the meeting?
remember + -ing form = recall
e.g. I remember talking to him before.
Verbs teiLiny I lie to -in fin itive
go on + to - inf = then
oi ill e iiiy le i in wit lieu I e c lie iic ;^
e.g. She introduced herself and went on to talk about
her new book.
in metalline; ^ ^
go on + -ing form = continue
e.g. He went on writing letters until 10.00.
begin, start, continue, propose, bother, intend
mean + to - inf = intend to We never have two -ing forms together.
e.g. She means to buy a new car soon. e.g. We continued to discuss/discussing the plans.
mean + -ing form = involve D ont bother to lay /laying the table.
e.g. She is determined to get a ticket for the concert,
It's starting to get cold. (NOT: Ito otorting getting
even if it means paying a lot of money. QQld j
regret + to - inf = be sorry to (it is normally used
in the present simple and is followed by verbs advise, allow, permit, recommend, encourage
such as sayf tell, inform) take the to-infinitive when they are followed by an
e.g. We regret to inform you that you have failed. object or when they are in the passive form. They
regret + -ing form = feel sorry about take the -ing form when they are not followed by
e.g. He regretted selling his house. an object.
try + to - inf = attempt, do ones best e.g. He advised us to book in advance, (object)
e.g. We tried to move the heavy branch to the side of We were advised to book in advance, (passive)
the road. We advise booking in advance, (no object)
try + -ing form = do sth as an experiment need/require/want + -ing form
e.g. If you ca n t go to sleep, try drinking some milk. This construction often shows that it is necessary
stop + to - inf = stop briefly to do sth else to repair or improve something. Need can also be
e.g. He stopped to fill the tank with petrol, then followed by a passive infinitive.
continued driving. e.g. The carpet needs hoovering.
stop + -ing form = finish, give up The carpet needs to be hoovered.
e.g. He stopped drinking coffee because it upset his
stomach.
be sorry + to - inf = apologise for a present action
e.g. I m sorry to say this, but your work is rather
unsatisfactory.
|o Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
be sorry for + -ing form = apologise for an earlier ^ infinitive form or the -ing form .
action
e.g. We are sorry for keeping you waiting. 1 Jane went on .sleeping. ... (sleep) for another two hours.
2 He told us his name and went on ................................
like + to - inf = think that sth is good or right to do
(introduce) us to his wife.
e.g. I like to pay my bills as soon as I get them.
3 We didnt mean ....................................(interrupt) you.
like + -ing form = enjoy (general preference)
4 Being a doctor means .................. (work) long hours.
e.g. Tom likes meeting new people.
5 She tried .................................. (finish) her homework,
would like + to - inf = want (specific preference) but it was too difficult.
e.g. I would like to go to that new restaurant. 6 You should t r y ......................................(eat) more fruit.
Its good for your health.
55
ig form /Too-Enough/Participles
7 He re g re ts ........................(argue) with his best friend. 2 A: Do her new shoes fit her?
8 We regret ...........................(inform) you that tonights B: No. They are ................................................. (small)
performance will be cancelled. 3 A: Have you finished your homework?
9 Oh, no! I forgot ...........................(lock) the front door. B: I cant. Its ................................................... (difficult)
10 Ill never fo rg e t.............................. (meet) my favourite 4 A: Did you hear the announcement?
film star. B: No. It wasnt ................................................... (loud)
11 Claire likes .......................................(ski). She says its 5 A: Can you open the window, please?
very exciting. B: I can't. Im not ............................... to reach it. (tall)
12 I like ................................. (go) to the dentist every six 6 A: Its .........................................................in here, (hot)
months. B: Why dont you take your coat off, then?
13 I must remember ...........................(post) these letters 7 A: Did you enjoy the party last night?
today. B: No. We were ............................... to enjoy it. (tired)
14 I re m e m b e r................................ (read) the book, but I 8 A: Why dont you drink your tea?
dont know who wrote it. B: Its not ............................... for me to drink, (sweet)
15 Im sorry for .............................. (forget) your birthday.
It was awful of me.
Fill in too or enough and one of the
16 Im sorry .............................. (say) that you have failed
1 4* * adjectives from the list to write
the exam. sentences as in the example. Add an
17 She is a fra id ............................ (climb) the tree in case object where necessary.
she falls.
18 Mary never wears her diamond ring. She is afraid of heavy, cold, old, quiet, tired, cool, tall, boring
.............................. (lose) it. 1 I went to bed early last night because I was ...too tired
19 I have stopped ............................. (watch) horror films to stay ... (stay) up late.
because they give me nightmares. 2 The soup is too hot. It isnt ...........................(eat) yet.
20 We stopped ...........................(buy) some food before 3 She isnt .........................(reach) the top shelf, so she
continuing our journey. uses a ladder.
4 The children arent ...................... (attend) school yet.
5 Its ..........................(go) outside without a coat today.
lo o - L z lio u o ll 6 The film was ...........................(watch), so we went for
a meal instead.
7 Close the door, please. It isnt ......................... (work)
Too has a negative meaning. It shows that in here.
something is more than enough, necessary or 8 The bag is ................................ (carry). Someone else
wanted. It is used in the following patterns: will have to take it.
a) too + adjective/adverb + to -infinitive
e.g. It is too cold to go swimming.
b) too ... for somebody/something i 5 > Complete the sentences, as in the example.
e.g. This coffee is too sweet for me.
c) too ... for somebody/something + to -Infinitive
1 He is very short. He cant be a basketball player.
e.g. This house is too small for us to live in.
He is too ...s h o rt t o be a basketball player,...
Enough has a positive meaning. It shows that 2 She has saved enough money. She can go on holiday.
there is as much of something as is wanted or She has saved ................................................................
needed. It is used in the following patterns: 3 This tea is very hot. I cant drink it.
a) adjective/adverb + enough + to -Infinitive This tea is .........................................................................
e.g. She is old enough to go out on her own. 4 Daisy is very young. She cant go to school.
BUT: not + adjective/adverb + enough + to - Daisy is .............................................................................
Infinitive (negative meaning) 5 They have got lots of space. They can have a party.
e.g. He did not run fast enough to win the race. They have got .................................................................
b) enough + noun + to -Infinitive 6 Paul is rich. He can buy a yacht.
e.g. We've got enough room to put you up. Paul i s ...............................................................................
7 Its hot outside. You cant wear a coat.
Its ......................................................................................
j a Complete the sentences with too or 8 Mary is mature. She can make her own decisions.
'^ enough and the adjective in brackets. Mary is ..............................................................................
9 This flat is small. We cant live in it any more.
1 A: Did you go to the beach yesterday? This flat i s ..........................................................................
B: No. It wasnt ...warm enough... to go to the beach, 10 Ron has a lot of patience. He can look after the children.
(warm) Ron h a s .............................................................................
56
UNIT 2
Infinitive/The -ing form/Too-Enougl ticiples
1 6 >
1 A:
The participles are: B:
a) present participles (staying, leaving, etc.), 2 A:
b) past participles (stayed, left, etc.) and B:
c) perfect participles (having left, etc.). 3 A:
B:
Present and past participles can be used as language.
adjectives. The present participle (-Ing) describes 4 A: What did you think of that new restaurant?
what somebody or something is (it answers the B: It was awful! The food was disgusted/disgusting.
question What kind? ). The past participle (-ed) 5 A: Miss Shaw is a wonderful teacher.
describes how somebody feels (it answers the B: Yes. She is always encouraged/encouraging in
question How do you feel?). her attitude towards the students.
6 A:
e.g. It was an embarrassing situation.
B:
(What kind of situation? Embarrassing.)
7 A:
He was embarrassed. (How did he feel? B:
Embarrassed.) 8 A:
Participles can also be used: B:
instead of a relative pronoun and full verb.
e.g. The woman waving at me is my aunt.
(= The woman who is waving at me is my aunt.) Rewrite the sentences using participles.
17
The new shampoo advertised on TV is very
expensive.
(= The new shampoo which is advertised on TV 1 Because she was tired. Katie went to bed.
is very expensive.) ...deing tired, Katie went to bed...
2 He was sitting in the garden and he was drinking his tea.
to express reason.
e.g. Feeling shy, Laura didn't talk to Ben.
3 After Janet had made dinner, she called the children.
(= Because she was shy, ...)
Having seen the film before, I decided to stay at 4 The boy who is standing by the door is my brother.
home.
(= Because I had seen the film before, I decided 5 Simon cut his hand while he was chopping some
to stay at home.) wood.
to express time.
6 Donna had a shower before she went to bed.
e.g. After taking/having taken his Master's degree,
he applied for a job.
7 Because we were late, we took a taxi.
Having taken his Master's degree, he applied
for a job. 8 Gary opened the window and breathed the fresh air.
(= After he had taken his Masters degree, he
applied for a job.) 9 She was lying on her bed and she was reading a book.
We met John while shopping.
(= We met John while we were shopping.) 10 The jewels which were taken by the thieves were very
instead of the past simple in narratives when we valuable.
describe actions happening immediately one after
the other. 11 Amy picked up her pen and started to write the letter.
e.g. Hearing the news, she fainted.
12 The man who is walking towards us is a relative of mine.
(= She heard the news and she fainted.)
to avoid repeating the past continuous in the same 13 After the teacher had explained the exercise, he asked
sentence. the students to do it.
e.g. He was walking down the street whistling a tune.
(= He was walking down the street and he was 14 Because she had forgotten to take her purse, she had
whistling a tune.) to borrow some money from a colleague.
57
UNIT 2m m
58
^ U jn
Infinitive/The -ing form /Too- Enough/
6 Mum was annoyed by Tinas behaviour and sent her to
her room.
21> Correct the m istakes.
found Mum ..................................................................
and sent her to her room.
7 This knife is too blunt for me to cut the bread with, 1 You would better stay in bed today.
sharp This knife isnt ................................................. 2 Mum has stopped to drink fizzy drinks. She is on a diet.
to cut the bread with. 3 This bag is too expensive for me to buy it.
8 He made us help with the cleaning. 4 Smoking it is dangerous for your health.
were W e ..................................................................... 5 Would you mind to open the window?
with the cleaning. 6 Id love eating a pizza tonight.
9 She had difficulty reading his handwriting. 7 I stopped at the bakery for to buy some bread.
difficult It was ................................................................ 8 They made me to pay for the broken window.
his handwriting. 9 I heard the Taylors to argue.
10 Making personal phone calls is not allowed. 10 Id better to ask someone for help.
allow We do n o t ......................................................... 11 I forgot calling you last night. Im sorry.
personal phone calls. 12 He left the shop without to pay for the shirt.
11 The pool isnt deep enough for you to dive into, 13 You shouldnt to be rude to your parents.
shallow The p o o l...................................... to dive into. 14 He is enough old to drive a car.
Eating junk food it is unhealthy. X 1 He went to the florists for to buy a bouquet of flowers.
Eating junk food is unhealthy. / 2 Emily is not so talented enough to enter the competition.
3 I dont go for camping very often.
I d better to leave now. X
4 Mrs Keaton made her daughter to stay at home during
I d better leave now. /
the holidays.
You would better see a doctor. X 5 I hope that to hear from you soon.
You had better see a doctor. / 6 We saw Helen to get into her car and drive away at top
They made me to reveal the plans. X speed.
They made me reveal the plans. / 7 Bungee jumping it is a dangerous activity.
8 She will always remember about cruising the Caribbean.
He stopped to eat fried food as it gave him
9 The tickets were too expensive for me to buy them.
indigestion. X
10 He dislikes to being alone at the weekends.
He stopped eating fried food as it gave him 11 You had better not to leave without your passport.
indigestion. /
12 The house needs being painting.
Did you rem em ber buying some bread? X 13 Children would love being given toys.
Did you rem em ber to buy some bread? / 14 To spending a lot of money on clothes is foolish.
Id like going to the cinema tonight. X
Id like to go to the cinema tonight. /
You must to w ork harder. X 23> Underline the correct preposition .
You must w ork harder. /
The soup is too hot to eat it. X 1 Adam complained of/about/for having a sore throat.
The soup is too hot to eat. / 2 She was concentrating of/on/for writing the report when
Would you mind to give me a lift? X the phone rang.
Would you mind giving me a lift? / 3 The two men were charged for/with/of armed robbery.
4 I take care about/for/of my neighbours cat when she
I am enough strong to lift this box. X
goes on holiday.
I am strong enough to lift this box. /
5 The politician refused to comment on/for/about the
She left the house w ithout to lock the door. X new law.
She left the house w ithout locking the door. /
6 Sheilas friends congratulated her on/for/about passing
I went to the library fo r to borrow some books. X her exams.
I went to the library to borrow some books. / 7 Contrary with/of/to what had been written in the papers,
I saw a burglar to break into my neighbours house. X the three women were proved innocent.
I saw a burglar break into my neighbours house. / 8 The new teacher found it hard to cope about/for/with the
naughty children.
59
UNIT 2m m
40
Infinitive/The -ing form/Too- Enougn/Hffl^^M
Q R
RevJision Box Activity
Maria Callas was a famous opera singer. Peter Jordan
is a reporter who is writing an article about her life.
Look at his notes and make sentences, as in the
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct example.
2<Sj tense. e.g. She went to Athens to study opera in 1937.
41
ves - Adverbs - Comparisons
/v Ic c
/\a [O L 'iL V e s
Adjectives describe nouns. They have the same form d) well, badly + past participle
in the singular and plural. They go before nouns (e.g. e.g. well-behaved children, badly-made furniture
a small house) but after the verbs be, look, smell, We can also use nouns as adjectives before other
sound, feel, taste, seem, appear, become, get, stay, nouns. In this case the nouns have no plural form.
etc. (e.g. She is beautiful. They seem unhappy.) e.g. morning paper - morning papers, coffee table -
There are opinion adjectives and fact adjectives. coffee tables
Opinion adjectives such as boring, exciting, etc. The following adjectives have a difference in meaning:
show what a person thinks of somebody or a) He gave her a gold ring. (= ring made of gold)
something. Fact adjectives such as tall, thin, new, They walked on the golden sand. (= sand the
etc. give us factual information about age, size, colour of gold)
colour, origin, material, etc. b) She bought a silk blouse. (= blouse made of silk)
There are also compound adjectives which are This new shampoo promises to give you silky hair.
formed with: a) present participles e.g. a never- (= hair which feels like silk)
ending journey, b) past participles e.g. a broken- c) They walked up the stone path. (= path made of stone)
down washing machine, c) cardinal numbers + nouns The man had a stony look on his face. (= cold look
e.g. a three-hour delay (NOT: a throo houre dolay), - like stone)
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
When there are two or more adjectives in a sentence, they usually go in the following order:
Opinion Fact Adjectives
Adjectives sjze a^e shape colour origin material used for/be about noun
Its a fantastic small new round red Swiss plastic alarm clock
Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) go Certain adjectives can be used with the as nouns
before cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) to refer to groups of people in general. These are:
e.g. the first two weeks (NOT: the two firot weeks) elderly, middle-aged, old, young, blind, dead, deaf,
disabled, living, sick, homeless, hungry, poor, rich,
The adjectives afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed,
strong, unemployed, weak, etc.
asleep, awake, content, glad, ill, pleased, etc. are
e.g. The young have a lot of energy. (We refer to
not followed by nouns.
young people in general.) but: The young people
e.g. The man was alive. Karen is ill today.
of our town are organising a charity concert. (We
The adjectives chief, elder, eldest, former, indoor, refer to a specific group of young people).
inner, main, only, outdoor, outer, principal, upper When we talk about one person we say A/The
are always followed by nouns. young man/woman, A/The blind man/woman, etc.
e.g. This is my elder son. e.g. The young woman who lives next door is a
We do not usually use a long list of adjectives medical student.
before a single noun. A noun is usually described
by one, two or three adjectives at the most.
e.g. a beautiful blue evening dress
42
Adjectives - Adverbs - Comp
4 (old) in the village are upset
d Underline the opinion adjectives, circle the
1J fact ones, then put them in order. about the new road.
5 They are changing the building to make it easier for
............................................... (disabled) to get around.
1 lace ! blue / beautiful / handkerchief
6 (young) in the audience
...a beautiful blue lace handkerchief...
cheered loudly at the end of the concert.
2 a(n) stone / ancient / small / cottage
7 (poor) of our town receive help
from the council.
3 a(n) English / huge / wooden / wardrobe
8 Christine is a nurse who looks a fte r..............................
(sick).
4 a(n) Chinese / amazing / old / story
9 (strong) in the group carried
the heavy equipment.
5 a(n) American / new / exciting / film
10 (rich) can afford to live in luxury.
6 a pair of / wire / old / reading / glasses
7 a(n) wooden / lovely / old-fashioned / table a Make compound adjectives to describe the
^ following:
8 a(n) white / linen / Irish / tablecloth
1 A walk that takes ten minutes.
9 a chocolate / large / delicious / cake ...A ten-m inute walk. ..
2 A story which is written well.
10 a(n) orange / ugly / velvet / sofa
3 A building which has twelve storeys.
4?
ves - Adverbs - Comparisons
The following words end in -ly, but they are
adjectives: elderly, cowardly, friendly, likely, deadly,
lively, lonely, silly, ugly, lovely, etc.
e.g. Shes a lively child.
We use the words way/manner to form their
adverbs.
e.g. She greeted me in a friendly wayI manner.
He complained in a cowardly way/manner.
The adverbs loud(ly), cheap(ly), quick(ly),
tight(ly), fair(ly) and slow(ly) are often used
without -ly in everyday English.
e.g. Come here quick/quickly.
Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives.
Sprinters run quickly. They wake up early in the morning These include: hard, fast, free, high, low, deep,
and train hard all day. early, late, long, near, straight, right, wrong. Also
hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly.
Adverbs usually describe verbs, adjectives, other e.g. The lake is deep, (adjective)
adverbs or sentences. They went deep into the forest, (adverb)
An adverb can be one word (carefully) or a phrase These biscuits are very hard, (adjective)
(in the morning). Adverbs can describe manner He tried hard in order to succeed, (adverb)
(how), place (where), time (when), frequency (how Bella Donna is a weekly magazine, (adjective)
often), degree (to what extent), etc. It comes out weekly, (adverb)
e.g. a) He drives carefully. (How does he drive? The adverbs below have two forms, each with a
Carefully. - adverb of manner) different meaning:
b) Your bag is here. (Where is it? Here. - adverb of
place) The treasure was buried deep underground. (= a
c) Theyll leave tomorrow. (When will they long way down)
leave? Tomorrow. - adverb of time) He is deeply in love with her. (= very)
d) He sometimes goes fishing at the weekend. The hotel guests can use the swimming pool free.
(How often does he go fishing? Sometimes. - (= without payment)
adverb of frequency) The animals in the safari park can roam freely.
e) She is very polite. (How polite is she? Very. - (= without limit or restriction.)
adverb of degree) The kite flew high in the sky. (= atI to a high level)
He is a highly respected doctor. (= very much)
She arrived late for the meeting. (= not early)
He hasnt been feeling well lately. (= recently)
Formation of Adverbs Which of his songs do you like most? (= superlative
of much)
I m mostly interested in modern art. (= mainly)
We usually form an adverb by adding -ly to the
As he came near, I realised that something was
adjective.
wrong. (= close)
e.g. serious - seriously
She nearly fainted when she heard the news.
Adjectives ending in -le drop the -e and take -y. (= almost)
e.g. gentle - gently He is a pretty strange man. (= rather)
Adjectives ending in consonant + y drop the -y The bridesmaids were prettily dressed in pink. (= in
and take -ily. a pretty way)
e.g. happy - happily He is working hard these days. (= with a lot of effort)
They hardly go anywhere now that they have children.
Adjectives ending in -I take -ly.
e.g. awful - awfully (= almost never)
Adjectives ending in -ic usually take -ally. Note: Hardly has a negative meaning and is often
e.g. dramatic - dramatically But: public - publicly used with: any, anyone, anywhere, anything and
ever.
Adjectives ending in -e take -ly.
e.g. polite - politely But: true - truly
Adjectives - Adverbs - Comp
45
UNIT 3
Ad ves - Adverbs - Comparisons
Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct
place in the sentences, as in the example.
l=ciii ly - Q uite -
Iv a ilie i -
One of the most famous fashion designers of the
20th century was Gianni Versace.
46
UNIT 3
r a is o n s
C o L u [ :a .i ib'cLis
The coach is cheap. The train is more expensive The plane is the most expensive
It is slow, though. than the coach. It is also faster. of all. It is also the fastest.
For comparison, adjectives have got two forms: the The comparative of two-syllable adjectives ending in
comparative and the superlative -y is formed by adding -ier and the superlative by
We use the comparative form + than to compare two adding -iest. e.g. easy - easier - easiest (more usual)
people, things, etc. Also easy - more easy - most easy (less usual)
e.g. Tina is shorter than Pam. Some two-syllable adjectives such as: clever,
This chair is more comfortable than the other one. common, stupid, narrow, gentle, friendly, simple,
We use the + superlative form + of/in to compare etc. take either -er/-est or more/most.
one person, thing, etc with more than one person, e.g. common - commoner - commonest
thing, etc. in the same group. We use in when we OR common - more common - most common
talk about places. The com parative of adjectives ending in -ing
e.g. Peter is the smartest o f all my students. (interesting), -ed (pleased), -ful (careful) and -less
Von 's ' is the most expensive restaurant in our town. (careless) is formed with more and the superlative
with most. e.g. thrilling - more thrilling - most thrilling
The comparative of one-syllable adjectives is
formed by adding -er, and the superlative by adding The comparative of adjectives of three or more
-est. e.g. soft - softer - softest The comparative of syllables is formed with more and the superlative
real, right and wrong is formed with more and the with most.
superlative with most. e.g. real - more real - most real e.g. intelligent - more intelligent - most intelligent
Some one-syllable adjectives of abstract meaning
such as clear, safe, true, free, wise, etc. take either
-er/-est or more/most. e.g. clear - clearer - clearest
OR clear - m ore clear - m ost clear
47
UNIT 3
Adi ves - Adverbs - Comparisons
We use adjectives or their comparative or superlative I cant hear you. Could you speak a little ....................
forms with the following words: (loud) please?
Steven i s .................. (tall) boy in the basketball team.
a) very + adjective
This computer is very old. I need something ..............
e.g. Its very cold today.
(modern).
b) even / a lot / much / far / a bit / a little / slightly +
The new library is far .................. (close) to my house
comparative
than the old one.
e.g. He seems much better today.
Janes new haircut makes her look much ...................
c) by far + superlative
(attractive).
e.g.She's by far the most beautiful woman I've ever
This jacket was by f a r ............................(expensive) in
seen.
d) most + adj/adv = very the shop.
e.g. This is most unusual. (It is very unusual.)
e) any/no + comparative (it is used in questions and Put the adjectives in brackets into the
negations) 1 4f ^ com parative or superlative form, adding
e.g. The days arent getting any warmer. any necessary words.
I want no more of that kind of behaviour.
Dear Anita,
Put the adjectives in brackets into the Im writing to tell you about the auction I went to last
com parative or superlative form, adding
12> weekend. It was held in 1) ..the la rg e s t ...(large) house
any necessary words.
in the village and the items being sold were far 2 ) ..........
1 A: Did you enjoy the film? ................... (beautiful) I had expected.
B: Yes. It was ...the fu n n ie s t... (funny) film Ive ever I saw 3 ) ...................... (P ^ tty ) vase Ive ever seen, but
seen. it was also 4 ) .......................... (expensive) item there, so
2 A: James is very tall. I couldnt afford to buy it. I bid for some chairs. They were
B: Yes. Hes .............................. (tall) boy in our class. far 5) ................................. (nice) mine, but unfortunately ^
3 A: Was it a good party? someone made a 6 ) ................(good) offer than me and
B: Yes. I left f a r ..................... (late) I had intended to. I couldnt afford to make a 7 ) .......................... (high) bid.
4 A: Did you like the black dress? In the end, I bought 8 ) ....................(small) item of all,
B: Yes, but it was far ................................ (expensive) although it was not 9 )................... (cheap) of all! It was a
the blue one. ' gold locket, which Im going to give to my 10) ..............
5 A: Why do you want to go to Spain? (old) daughter on her 18th birthday. I think its 11).........
B: Because its much .......................(warm) England. ......................... (lovely) necklace Ive ever seen and it was
6 A: Do you enjoy your job? 1 2 ).................... (easy) to carry home than a set of chairs!
B: Oh, yes. Its .................... (good) job Ive ever had. I enjoyed the auction very much and hope to go to
7 A: If you need any ................. (far) help, just ask me. another one soon. Perhaps next time youll come with me.
B: Thank you. Thats very kind of you. Write soon and tell me all your news.
8 A: My teacher is very clever.
B: Yes. Shes .............................................. (intelligent) Love,
woman Ive ever met. Maggie
9 A: Dinosaurs were ................................. (big) houses.
B: I know. They were enormous.
10 A: How much did you pay for that bag? Write the correct form of the comparative
B: 5. It was ........................(cheap) one I could find. 1 5 . or superlative and complete the sentences
11 A: That exam was really difficult. with your own ideas.
B: I agree. It was a lot ....................................(difficult)
1In my opinion, ...the tiger is the most dangerous...
I had expected.
(dangerous) animal of all.
12 A: Have you heard James playing the piano lately?
2 i s .................(nice) place I have ever been to.
B: Yes, but he doesnt seem to be getting .................
3 (sweet) sugar.
............................... (good).
4 I c a n .....................................................(good), but I can
.....................................e v e n ................................(good).
j a Fill in the gaps w ith the correct form of the 5 I think ........................................(difficult) subject of all.
^ adjective/adverb in brackets. 6 (valuable) rubies.
7 (healthy) food of all.
1 I like living in the country. Its a lot ...more p ea cefu l.. 8 (efficient) old ones.
(peaceful) than the city. 9 (intelligent) person I have
2 I felt very ill last week, but Im slightly .............(good) ever met.
now. 10 (expensive) silver jewellery.
48
UNIT 3
Adjectives - Adverbs - Comp vJsons
as + adjective + as
not so/as + adjective + as
e.g. She is as tall as I am. for similarities, e.g. She swims like a fish.
It is not so/as hot as it was yesterday. after fee/, look, smell, sound, taste + noun.
twice/three times, etc./half as + adjective + as e.g. It feels like silk.
e.g. Their car was twice as expensive as ours.
with nouns, pronouns or the -ing form to express
the same ... as similarity or contrast.
e.g. Your dress is the same colour as mine. e.g. There's no place like home.
less + (adjective) ... than No one can sing like him.
the least + (adjective) ... of/in
e.g. The Park Hotel is less expensive than the Plaza. As ts LLSVHit I
The King George is the least expensive of all. to say what sb or sth really is (jobs or roles).
the + comparative ..., the + comparative e.g. She works as a tour guide. (She is a tour guide.)
e.g. The earlier we set off, the earlier w e ll arrive. Harrison Ford was great as Indiana Jones.
comparative + and + comparative in certain expressions: as usual, as ... as, as much,
e.g. The weather is getting warmer and warmer. such as, the same as.
e.g. He started complaining as usual.
after accept, be known, class, describe, refer to,
Fill in th e blanks, as in th e e xam p les. regard, use.
1 > e.g. He is known as the father of modern medicine.
in clauses of manner to mean In the way that.
1 The noise got .louder and louder. ... (loud) until I
e.g. Do as I tell you.
couldnt bear it any longer.
2 .The harder ... (hard) he works, .the more
eucceeeful ... (successful) he becomes.
3 It rained ............................... (hard) until the river burst
its banks.
4 (cold) it g o t,.............................(many)
18 Fill in th e gaps w ith like or as.
clothes they had to put on to keep warm. 0
5 Jake ran ................................. (fast) and won the race.
6 (high) he jum ped............................... 1 A: Tara is a wonderful artist.
(loud) the crowd cheered. B: Yes. No one else can paint .like ... her.
7 Cars are getting ..........................(cheap) as the years 2 A: I wish Sarah would stop being so immature.
go by. B: I agree. She a c ts .................... a child sometimes.
8 (young) you a re ,..........................(easy) 3 A: How shall I tie my shoelaces?
you find it to learn things. B: Do i t .................... we taught you.
9 (many) people are opening their own 4 A: The play last night was fantastic.
businesses these days. B: Yes. The lead actor was w onderful............ Macbeth.
10 (old) he g e ts ,..................... (tall) he grows. 5 A: What does Mark do for a living?
B: He w o rk s .................... a hotel manager.
C om pare th e follow ing hobbies using th e 6 A: What kind of meat is this?
ad jec tive s from th e list. B: I'm not sure. It ta s te s .................... beef.
7 A: Ive just bought this dress.
artistic, easy to learn, tiring, expensive, cheap, B: Gosh! Its exactly the s a m e ...... the one I bought!
relaxing * A: Im sure I know that man.
8
B: Me too. He lo o k s .................. my old maths teacher.
9 A: It was far too hot in that room.
B: I know. It w a s .................... being in an oven.
10 A: Eric Clapton is very talented, isnt he?
B: Yes. He is k n o w n .................... one of the greatest
rock musicians of our time.
e.g. Painting ie th e m o e t a r tie tic o f all. 11 A: What is Peter cooking?
G o lf ie n 't eo/ae a r tie tic a e c a rp e n try . B: I dont know. It s m e lls .................... fish.
49
es - Adverbs - Comparisons
9 My best friend is two years elder than me.
/
Com m on m U 'to L o ^ 10 The church is the oldest building of the village.
11 She did her homework more careful than usual.
12 His flat is big as mine.
The coffee is quite strong to drink. X 13 Her new car is quite faster than her old one.
The coffee is quite strong. / 14 This cake is quite sweet to eat.
Pam is taller than I. X 15 The green dress is twice cheaper than the black one.
Pam is taller than me. / 16 I feel ill very today.
Pam is taller than I am. / 17 She laughed happy.
He smiled friendly. X
He smiled in a friendly way. Read th e te x t and fill in th e word w hich
It is cold extremely today. X 21 * best fits e ac h space. Use only one word in
e a c h space.
It is extremely cold today. /
Call me if you need farther information. X New York City is one of 1) ...the... largest cities 2 ) ...........
Call me if you need further information. / the world. It is also one of the most densely populated, with an
He is a quite tall man. X estimated 7,400,000 inhabitants. Manhattan is the 3 ) ...........
He is quite a tall man. / popular area of the city with tourists and has 4) .............
interesting sights. There is also 5 ) .............a large number of
The new sofa is quite bigger than the old one. X
businesses in this area of the city, including the head offices
The new sofa is rather bigger than the old one. /
of some of the worlds leading companies. New Yorks
subway system provides transport for more 6 ) ............ 33%
of the citys work force.
New York is also regarded 7) ................. a centre of
19 C o rrect th e m is tak es .
entertainment. Broadway is the scene of many box-office
hits, Carnegie Hall is one of the 8) .................. famous
1 Im shorter than you three inches. concert halls in the world and the city is also the home of
2 Steve is older than I. several opera and ballet companies.
3 The little boy sang as a bird. With 9 ) .............choice of food, entertainment and social
4 Paul is not as handsome than Tom. life than any other city, it is 10) ............ any wonder that
5 She is a quite pretty girl. people flock to New York to experience life in the Big Apple.
6 Sally is the more taller girl in our class.
7 Let me know if you need any farther help.
8 Tracey studies hardly.
Adjectives - Adverbs - Comp
P h ra s a l V e rb s 9 Ellen is in bed. Shes c o m e ............................ the flu.
10 They decided to c u t ................. som e of the text to
come across: (tr) meet/find by chance; run across m ake it shorter.
come along: (int) 1) hurry up; com e on, 2) 11 You ought to cut .............................. the am ount of
appear; arrive by chance sugar you eat.
come by: (tr) obtain 12 C o m e .................. boys; Lets get going.
come down with: (tr) becom e ill; go down with 13 The electricity was cut ................ when they d id n t
come into: (tr) inherit pay the electricity bill.
come off: 1) (int) succeed, 2) leave (sth) 14 I wish Dad w ould c o m e ........................... to the fact
come out: 1) go on strike, 2) (of flowers) begin that Im not a child any more.
to blossom, 3) (int) be published; 15 How did you c o m e ..............that beautiful necklace?
bring out, 4) (news, truth) be 16 His new novel has just com e ................, and it is
revealed; bring out bound to be a best-seller.
come over: (int) visit 17 The village was cut ............... during the heavy
come round: 1) visit casually, 2) (int) regain snow storm .
c o n scio u sn e ss; com e to /b rin g 18 A few problem s c a m e ..............during the course of
round, 3) change ones point of view the project.
come up: 1) (int) be m entioned; bring up, 2) 19 He c a m e ................... a fortune when his father died.
arise; occur 20 The patient slow ly c a m e ..............after his operation.
come up against: (tr) encounter (difficulties); run up 21 The builders cam e ........................... som e m ajor
against problem s w hile they were laying the foundations.
come up with: (tr) find; think of (a solution, an
answer, etc)
23 U n derline th e c o rre c t preposition.
cut down: (tr) 1) cause to fall by cutting, 2) (int)
reduce sth
cut down on: (tr) reduce consum ption; cut back 1 This antique table dates back from/to/in 1872.
on 2 There is great demand from/for/of fresh products.
cut into: interrupt; break in 3 The manager demands respect of/from/to his
cut off: 1) d isco nn ect, 2) (usu passive) employees.
isolate 4 My plants died from/by/in lack of water.
cut out: (tr) take out, om it 5 Princess Diana died of/from/in an accident.
be cut out for/ 6 One disadvantage of/to/in smoking is that it is bad for
your health.
to be: be suited for (a profession)
7 There are some disadvantages of/in/to owning a car.
8 John is an expert at/on/of the subject of British history.
9 Mandy is an expert in/with/on a needle and thread.
Fill in th e c o rre c t p a rtic le . 10 Adam is engaged with/to/in a famous actress.
22 >
11 Mr Hills is engaged to/in/with an important meeting.
12 I dreamt of/about/for taking my exams last night.
The truth came ...o u t... when the police started 13 I often dream from/of/about travelling abroad.
their investigation. 14 There is a difference between I of I from being alone
I came ................... my old school books yesterday and being lonely.
when I was tidying the attic. 15 He differs from I of I between his brother in many ways.
My house has a beautiful garden. W hy d o n t you 16 Small children are dependent on/of/with their parents.
c o m e .........................and see it? 17 A good friend is someone you can depend by/for/on
Im sorry to cut .................... your conversation, but in difficult times.
Id like to ask a question. 18 Having a broken arm, he had difficulty by /in/of dressing
The private detective cam e ...................... the case himself.
when he co u ld n t solve it. 19 Jake was disappointed by/with/of his exam results.
I d o n t think Alison is c u t .................... to be a nurse. 20 My parents disapprove with/for/of motorbikes.
She faints at the sight of blood. 21 We were dissatisfied with/by/of the hotel service, so
I was w aiting for the bus w hen Em m a cam e we complained to the manager.
.........................It was a lovely surprise to see her! 22 Kate is experienced of/with/in working with children.
The boys cam e ......................... a brilliant idea for 23 There was no excuse of/for/against his behaviour.
raising money. 24 He promised to pay for the damage to/for/of my car.
25 The children were very excited by/about/for the trip.
51
UNIT 3
Adje^ iTves - Adverbs - Comparisons
IN OTHER WORDS
Study these exam ples. The second sentence
has a sim ilar meaning to the first sentence. sion Box
1 Beth is m ore intelligent than Kate.
as Kate isnt as/so intelligent as Beth,
less Kate is less intelligent than Beth.
2 C ant you drive any faster than that? 25> Choose th e c o rre c t a n s w e r.
fastest Is that the fastest you can drive?
3 Fiona has received the same number of letters as me.
1 You ...ft.. a mess.
many Fiona has received as many letters as me.
Sorry. Ill tidy up.
4 Ive never read such an interesting book. A always make B are always making
the Its the most interesting book Ive ever C will always make
read.
5 Nora is the m ost careful driver of all. 2 You had b e tte r............that letter today.
OK. Ill do it.
as No one else drives as carefully as Nora
A posting B to post C post
does.
than Nora is more careful than any other 3 Its not w o rth ............the house now. Its winter.
driver. I agree. Lets wait till spring comes.
Nora is a more careful driver than A painting B to paint C paint
anyone else. 4 You look happy.
Nora drives m ore carefully than I am. I ............my holiday.
anyone else. A think about B am thinking about
6 As she gets older, she becomes more sophisticated, C thought about
the The o ld e r she gets, the m ore
5 Jenny has been writing letters all morning.
sophisticated she becomes.
Yes. S h e ............six letters so far.
A wrote B has been writing C has written
6 Bill looks very tired.
a j C o m p lete the sen ten ce s w ith tw o to five Yes. H e ............the house all afternoon.
^ w ords, including th e w ord in bold. A has been cleaning B has cleaned
C had been cleaning
1 Ive never heard such a silly excuse. 7 Have you seen Jackie recently?
the It s ...the e illie e t excuee... Ive ever heard. No. I havent seen h e r ............May.
2 Janes car was cheaper than Adam s. A since B for C before
less Janes c a r.......................................... Adams.
8 Pauline always sits by herself.
3 As we got closer, I became more nervous.
Yes, she is too s h y ............to anyone.
the The closer we got............................................
A to talk B talking C talk
I became.
4 Tom has bought the same number of sweets as Lucy, 9 Peter has been spending a lot of money lately.
many Tom has b o u g h t....................................Lucy. I know. H e ............a new computer yesterday.
5 Ben is smarter than Steve. A has bought B bought C had bought
as Steve ....................................................... Ben. 10 Did John visit you last night?
6 Cant you eat any more than that? Yes. I ............on the phone when he arrived.
most Is th a t.......................................... you can eat? A talked B am talking C was talking
7 As I study more, I get better grades.
11 Joanne is a secretary, isnt she?
the The more I study, ................................I get.
Yes. S h e ............as a secretary for seven years.'
8 Ive never known such an independent young A has been working B is working C works
woman.
the Shes ................................................................. 12 Is Katie enjoying her university course?
Ive ever known. Yes. S h e ............the lectures very interesting.
A found B had found C finds
9 Josie has the same num ber of CDs as David,
many Josie h a s ............................................... David. 13 Why are you all so excited?
10 Keith is the best tennis player of all. Dad su g g e ste d ..........the weekend in the mountains.
than Keith................................................................... A spend B to spend C spending
anyone else.
52
Adjectives - Adverbs - Comp
O R A t.
sion Box "^Activity
You are interviewing people for a position within your
company. Look at the information below and make
comparisons using the adjectives and adverbs in the
Expand th e notes into s en ten ces to list, as in the example.
c o m plete th e le tte r.
qualified, fluently, experienced, reliable, friendly, fast
e.g. Miss Houston is more qualified than Mr Spencer.
Dear Sir/Madam, Mrs Thompson is the most qualified of all.
5?
Revision 1 (Units l - 3)
18 Jessica Blake............her first novel when she was twenty.
1 j Choose th e c o rre c t a n s w e r. A wrote B was written C had written
14 My new bed i s .............than my old one. 31 The film w a s .............funnier than I expected.
A comfortable B more comfortable A by far B very C even
C most comfortable
32 J a n ic e ...........very quiet today. I wonder whats wrong.
15 is a great way to relax. A be B is being C will have been
A Read B To read C Reading
33 I wonder if S a lly .............to the disco.
16 Theres no point in ............. angry. He didnt mean to A will come B will be coming C will have come
annoy you.
A get B to get C getting 34 He is u s e d ............. alone now.
A living B to live C to living
17 My new house is m u c h .............than my old one.
A big B bigger C biggest 35 She p re fe rs.............trousers to skirts.
A wear B to wear C wearing
54
Revision 1 (Units 1 - 3 )
36 The meeting at nine o clock. Dont be late. 16 A: Do you enjoy playing tennis?
A started B is starting C starts B: Oh, yes. I ........................................... (play) since
I was six years old.
37 How lo n g .......... Tony? Since we were children. 17 A: Have you been working here long?
A did you know B have you known B: Yes. By next June, I .......................... ............... (work)
C do you know here for ten years.
18 A: Its nine oclock.
38 The ta x i.............. here soon. Are you ready? B: Yes. The postman ............................ ............ (deliver)
A will be B is C will have been Mums parcel by now.
19 A: I liked your speech.
39 It is difficult a good job these days. B: Thank you. I ...................................... ...........(practise)
A find B to find C finding for hours before I made it.
20 A: Did Martin help you clean the house yesterday?
40 My father........... to be a teacher, but now he has retired. B: No. By the time he got up, I ............ ................... (do)
A is used B got used C used everything.
1 A: Did you have a good evening? 1 You must brushlto brush/brushing your teeth twice a
B: Yes, thank you. We ...w ent... (go) to see a play. day.
Cats ...........................................(wash) themselves. 2 He has decided looklto look/looking for a new job.
2 A:
3 Peter enjoys to watch/watch/watching adventure films.
B: I know. They are very clean animals.
4 We are tired of live/living/to live in such a noisy area.
3 A: Why are you so dirty?
5 She claims to have repaired/to repair/repairing the car
B: I ......................... (work) in the garden all morning.
herself.
4 A: I want to phone Jane.
6 I would rather eat/to eat/eating pizza than spaghetti.
B: Well, dont phone her now. She ..............................
7 We refused lend/to lend/lending him the car.
(study).
8 He was too young go/to go/going to the party alone.
5 A: You look busy. 9 He denied take/to take/taking the money.
B: I am. I ...................................... (write) a letter to my 10 You really should to spend/spend/spending more time
brother. studying.
6 A: I would like a new bicycle.
B. Me too. My parents ...........................(buy) me one
for Christmas.
4 ^ Complete the sentences.
7 A: What time are the guests arriving?
B: They ..................................(be) here in ten minutes.
8 A: Are you excited about your trip? 1 Its cold outside. You cant wear a T-shirt.
B: Yes. This time next week, I .............................. (sail) Its ...too cold outeide for you to wear a T-ehirt . ...
across the Atlantic. 2 Sam is clever. He can go to university.
9 A: Im going to the supermarket. Sam is ...............................................................................
B: Youd better be quick, then. I t .................................. 3 She is very tired. She cant watch the late film.
(close) at eight o clock. She i s .................................................................................
10 A: You sounded tired when I spoke to you last night. 4 Mary has a lot of money. She can go on holiday.
B: Well, I ..................................(paint) the house all day. Mary h a s ............................................................................
11 A: W h a t......................................(you/do) when I called? 5 He has bought a lot of sugar. He can make a cake.
B: I (water) the plants. He has bought .................................................................
12 A: Have you sent those letters yet? 6 This soup is very salty. I cant eat it.
B: Yes. I ...................................... (post) them yesterday. This soup is ......................................................................
13 A: Are there any biscuits left? 7 This painting is very special. I cant sell it.
B: No, sorry. I ............................................ (eat) them all. This painting is .................................................................
14 A: Why was Julie crying this morning? 8 Carol is very pretty. She could be a model.
B: Because s h e ......................................... (hurt) her leg. Carol is .............................................................................
15 A: Paul is going to collect us at ten oclock. 9 He has got lots of time. He can go to the cinema.
B: Yes. By the time he arrives, w e .................................... He has g o t ........................................................................
(have) breakfast. 10 Paul is ill. He cant go to work.
Paul i s ................................................................................
Vi
Revision 1 (Units l - 3)
11 The weather is warm. We can go for a picnic. 10 A: This bag is very cheap.
The weather is .................................................... B: Yes, but look. This one is even ...................................
12 She is very full. She cant eat any more. (cheap).
She i s ................................................................... 11 A: Why are we going this way?
B: Because its ............................................ (short) route
to the beach.
C U nderline th e c o rre c t item . 12 A: The children are so noisy today.
5> B: I know. I wish they would be ..........................(quiet).
56
Revision 1 (Units 1 - 3 )
8 Could you help me make dinner, please?
q Fill in the gaps w ith th e c o rrec t p a rtic le mind Would ............................................................
^ from th e list.
me make dinner, please?
dow n on, for, in to , off, on, up, dow n with, out, 9 He has difficulty in expressing his feelings.
dow n difficult It i s ..................................................................
his feelings.
1 We are trying to cut ...dow n ... on fuel this year. It is so
10 They heard the boss shouting at her secretary
expensive.
yesterday.
2 She is not cut ......................................to be a teacher.
was The boss .......................................................
She has no patience at all.
.........................at her secretary yesterday.
3 I can't print the files. The computer has broken................
11 Carl has got the same number of videos as Andrew,
4 He missed the party because something ca m e ...............
many Carl has got .................................................
5 She came ............................a cold and had to cancel
Andrew.
her holiday.
12 Sarah was charmed by the silver earrings and bought
6 The manager b ro u g h t............................the subject of
them immediately.
overtime at the meeting.
found S a ra h .............................................................
7 She was ..............................all night preparing for the
and bought them immediately.
presentation.
13 This tea is too cold for me to drink.
8 Being an athlete calls ........................a lot of stamina.
warm This tea .........................................................
9 He w a s .............................school for two weeks when
for me to drink.
he had measles.
14 He has never travelled by ship before.
10 The business deal c a m e ................ and the company
the Its ...................................................................
made a lot of money.
he has travelled by ship.
11 The children carried ............................. with their work
15 She made me stay in my bedroom.
when the teacher left the room.
was I ..................................................................
12 The stress of the accident brought ...................... one
in my bedroom.
of her asthma attacks.
16 We havent been to the theatre for months.
13 There is a good film ...............television this evening.
time The .................................................................
14 He had to break ............................his house because
to the theatre was months ago.
he had lost his keys.
17 We were on the point of going out when the phone rang,
15 The village was c u t .................... after the snowstorm.
about We ..................................................................
when the phone rang.
18 It was the first time she had driven a car.
j a C om plete each s en ten ce w ith tw o to
* five words, including th e w ord in bold. never S h e ................................................................
a car before.
19 I think its important to travel to other countries,
1 I got this job three months ago.
travelling I think ............................................................
fo r I ....have had thie job for., three months.
is important.
2 That test was easier than the last one.
20 Wearing jeans in the office is not allowed.
less That test ........................................................
the last one.
allow We do not .............................. in the office.
3 Mark is shorter than Paul.
as Mark .....................................................Paul.
Cross out the unnecessary w ord.
4 We havent finished decorating the house yet. 11>
still We ..................................................................
decorating the house. 1 Ill make the dinner when I Sttfl get home.
5 As it got later, I became more tired. 2 She went to the market for to buy some fruit.
the The later it g o t , ............................................. 3 I heard Michael to phone and book the tickets.
I became. 4 The question was too difficult for me to answer it.
6 Some people say it is bad for your eyes to watch too 5 He left the house without to saying goodbye to me.
much TV. 6 Hes much more younger than he looks.
watching Some people s a y ......................................... 7 Bob was feeling the more and more tired.
................................... is bad for your eyes. 8 She spent the most of the day lying on the beach.
7 She moved here when she was eighteen. 9 He can hardly not see anything without his glasses.
since S h e ................................................................ 10 Learning to drive it is difficult.
she was eighteen. 11 You had better to eat all of your dinner.
12 Karen made her brother to apologise to her.
57