,

Statutory Claim in accord with IRS MANUAL 21.7.13.3.2.2(2)11707 Cestui OueVIa Trust Act
I, CARL LINN SANDERS, JR. Now Known as Imhotep Tehuti Hero El c/o Indigenous,
Autochthonous Flesh and Blood Melaninite Male of Tunica- Washitaw Descent. Claim in Accord with:
I.
the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(l.mb:llWWW.til1JJrglRbcs(jotifnlillaspr~asp2fu;:A/RESL6n'-l42) "
,(hitttfLW,WWJift.n.tgLesaLSncde.Y!UfiufHitlneillIJ.eJililDRIf-@,pdf), Constitution Qftb~ ;A~sik eHata
:Nation of ;Yam~see~Moors (1itr:LLww.w.$rlhd~oft1f!k)J~/- -, ' ,-~nsitut1on), ~ig~ntiw.
Preclamation
, ,v ~"v" 7(;'00'
I,lTD.,194
PJA, '. '1'''' ,- ,"" ",' " ""~'Lfd':
", (h' '"~, Q'V ,~"..i"
ff',lY", 'L' ~.ll1~.12'.:f.llll,
&;1_1 t rib",,,,,, I <1AiL
I

1iObtcS19Afii..gdD, S.CQn Res. 26 '-": :llWW\v. '---g, "Q"LfrliCI - - : JLt.Sillls,co.iifeS2

111,S.ctUlfes2.fillh.p,df), HJR,. 3, Am~cl~ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Poople.s
(h.,.=./;J>
11 ~.Lt, n .1l.lG~n, '-"'t""
"1",U'I-,'7"""'" .on e ._' ' " .'o'Bni
"_.u\lU.-~;..L , 2Stat.153Title8USCS76
-' ., ,'".' ,', "- ~, .. ,~""-IRS
Mi~siQn Stat~:Qlt;ntl h -:LLWw:W.."',:'-'!li"~ -e.wsl'- ' ~ " .fhat I am not a d~de.~t (lRS
MANUAL 21.7.13.3.2.2). I am alive and not dead (1540 Cestui Que Via Trust Act, 1666 Cestui Que
Via T~ Act. 1707 C~~ Que Via trust Act (hjtp,jLwyvW legOOtttIDh..gp.Y,YkLitpgbLAtlh16l12) I want
the record held in your computer database which may list me as deceased to be changed to alive/living,
According to IRS MANUAL 27.7.13.3.2.2: An infant is the decedent of an estate or grantor, owner or
trustor of a trust, guardianship, reCeivership or custodianship that has yet to receive an SSN:
(h 'tt' '/'/' " ;.""
,p~~V~l!QY.t.illiIl,patL /'" ' ..,',no" ill--"" L=~ i)--_Declaration
./l...:.;,/ '11' /_ti111.kL"~,~.~.j.L.lll.iill ,:--., " .of
- as<>mnpuve
"~"~." death
~ \,1; ,-" is ~ fietlen:
, - <> ,- -- :-;

G.R. No. 160258 Republic of The Phillip~s vs, Gloria Bermudez-Lorino:

(- -:ll.ft..~/';---;rL "OY -hllhde.k. "',?~ _. '", '~acllial--co.htetits.&a- ='1010.0..&":::." I have. a SSN, SQ
by e IR MANUAL: 21.7.13322 I am not a decedent: (Blacks Law Dictionary page 435: decedent
n, A dead person, esp. one who has recently died). I am no longer and cannot be held liable for: a)
Maritime liens being forced against him and b) securities being taken out of the estate. All Maritime
Liens being enforced against me I hereby claim invalid, null & void, ab initio - nunc pro tunc. See:
Liber Cod~ MiGl~3, 31,38; (lr " 'uL19th _(C '" 'tfue --.: ~dM 4?, 46 8{;~5
ofTh\! lIa~ CgpvenUQll IV O~Q__f _, _, _ _ t1:WLLW1~.m..otg/ihLl1SfLE.t1iLL19S). I am the
infant who does have a Social Security Number. which makes me the beneficiary of this trust. The
Social Security Number: 434-' , and the name: CARL LINN SANDERS JR. vests within me: an
Indigenous Autochthonous Living Melaninite Male. Being that the IRS works in Admiralty, the IRS
according to its own code, can no longer enforce any Maritime Liens against me, as I have now
claimed: I am not lost at sea, nor am I a decedent/vessel in commerce (1707 Cestui Que Vie Trust Act,
U.K.). 434- - .JURAT
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(litt.pi/Jwww.utlorgtbJic1iLi01irfiaJiapi.w1ilasp1l11~AfU8L66t142).Am~!i~@ I)~~l~Qn gn the Rights
of lndigengw; Peoples (http.:lm.an1.iitG.iotiUWU~~o1it\:HrtLilpifuidsLA.CtQt1.iOEO.6--w~p.df). UN
Convention on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights, United Nations Charter: Article 55 & 56,
Presidential Proclamation 7500, HJ.R. 194, S. Con. Res 26. S. 1200, HJR-3(lU 3 IH).

Affirmed to and subscribed before me this 1"5" day of ~N~ . ~ 1?

By' ~~1tJn;~t.
uec 1-308 ALL RIGHTS RESERYED. '::;--.-.'
<:. . '.'~, >;;,..,:.~.~...::;;.::..
~ Personally Known ~ XJ Produced Identification ' . ' -, (- '. 't'~'- ',"

... ' : .::",' " ':t"';": -.

Type and # ofID: ~i~(~ g(fW~-S ~ ~ ~Q~~(rt~ 4_: ';. . ."

, I
<::,~<;.:. .':': : '
!
~~,.~~ \..if' ~ ~ ~,: \.

Wendall Gonzales,Hilker
NOTARY PUijUC NO. 49261
My Commission >~;..':~:'':>:":''
'ExPiF~t~;i
.:,
STATE; OF LO,U/SI~
PARISH OF ST, TAMMANy
My'Comm~iDn'is ~rtife

1---
ENDER: COMPLETE THIS SECTION COMPLETE THIS SECTION ON DELlVI::RY

Complete items 1, 2, and 3. .' A Signature

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Print your name and address on the reverse
so that we can return the card to you.
x 0 Addressee
C. Date of Delivery
Attach this card to the back of the mailpiece,
or on the front if space permits.
DYes
DNo

o Priority MaD Express

o Registered MaiiTl
o Registered Mail Restricted
Delivel)'
o Return Receipt for
MerohanOlSe
o Signature ConfirmaUon""
o Signature ConfirmaUon
Restricted OeUvery

)S Form 3811, July 2015 PSN 7530-02-000..9053 . Do~c RetumReceipt ;

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PS Form 3806, Receipt for Registered Mall (Customer Copy)
June 2000 (See Information on Reverse)
 NEW IRS MISSION STATEMENT EMPH!ASIZES TAXPAYER SERVICE

WASH tNOTON - The Internal Revenue Service on Thursday unveiled an

overhauled mission statement to reflect the agency's new emphasis on serving

taxpayers -,

The new statement is simple and direct. The ~RS mission is to "provide America"s

taxpayers top quality service by hetping them understand and meet their tax

responsibilities 9,nd by app'yi"gthe tax law with integrity and faimess to an.,.

The new language represents the new dlrecttoll for the IRS. which is working to

transform itself into a customer~.oriented O:I'9anirdtiOn. The misston also reinforces the

agencyls duty to admtnister the tax laws fairly for everyone.

"This mission statement reftects the new attitude ::at the I'RS." eaid Ch~utes O.

Rossotti, Commi.ssioner of tnternal Revenue. "Our top priority is putting the intefe$ts of

the taxpayers fifSt~and this is spelled out simply aM clearly in the missiOn statement.o;

The ptedge will serve as a daUy rem inder to people bott, inside and outside the

~RSabout the agencyis ;/'llission. The 27-word statement \11Im be prominent'Y featured an

1998 tax publications. at IRS offices around the country and on the aoP.nCY'1ot wqb4liitQ.

(more)

Words alone aren't gorng to change the ~RS.but this serves all important
 ~2-

purpose," R,oosotti said, "The mlssion statement wiIJbe a reminder trat we must be
dedicated on a day~in, daY.;Qut basis to serving, taxpayers. This ls just one of the. steps-

that we need to take."

The flew mieson statement was mandated by the IRS Restructuring and Reform

Act approved by Congfess and signed July 22 by President Clinton. The legislation

requtred,the IRS lito review and restate its mission 10 place a greate~ emphasis Oil

serving the p'ubUc and meeting taxpayers' needs."

The ~RScirculated drafts of a new mission statement in July and August. The

document was finalized after receiving comments from a variety of eouroes, ranging

from public f&edback on the agency's Internet slte to suggestions frt ta)( professtonais

and IRS employees.

The final rrssslon statement underscores the agency's efforts to help individuals

while ensuring that all taxpayers are served the by agencyts commitment to apply the

taw fairly to all.

xxx

[Note to editors: The new mlsston statement replaces an ollder version dating to the
1980s. The previous statement said, 'The purpose of the Internal Revenue Service is to
collect the proper amount of tax revenue at the least cost serve ttle public by
continually improving the quafity of our products and services: and perform in a manner
warranting the highest degree of public confidence in our integrity. ~fficiency and
fairness.")

I
I

I
SOClALSECllRITY(lJNITED STATIS Ol~ AMERlCA) ORDER L997

1997 No. 1778

SOCIAL SECUR1TY
The Social Security (United States of America)
Order 1997

2lnd .;~'" 1991

At the Courtat Buckiti~illtl Pal"I!:~.'he 2:200 dll.y of Jul.}' ~997

PJ1esml,
The Queen's Most Ellt;elh:nt MlJjelSt)' ill COIJDcil I
Whc:r~ at Lomkt;f, on me 13111February 1984 M AgrmeO( 00 social 5-ccurity I)etwC(:~
.he Gevemment or tire-Unncd Kingdom of Great D~in and Nonhem In:land and rn,-,
Government of'tbe United States of America (bcreinaftcr r~-fem:d to as the Agreement")
and IUl AdminishlltivG ABJCemecnt for the impJementa1iOJ) of the Agreement (b\1fCiDafic:r
referred io as '\fue!. Admfni.,;l:r02lt .-e AgreeOlL;nl'~)(JI) W'c:I'C signed on behalf of tnosf
GOVCmIllCfltli. and cff"~twa'l gi,.'Cl) to the .Agrecmctlt by the Social Security (unit~ltl
States of Amtlri.ca:1 Order J9&,' (hereinafter referred to as "the Prillc.ipal Ordcr ...](b).:

Alld Wbereas at London on 6th June 1996 II Supplementary ~eDI between rhe
Government of tbe United Kinsdom of Great. Britain and Northern Ireland and tlw
Govemmeat of the United S~te$ of America .:wbid.Sup.plem~'ltary Agree'"~rt i$ ~ (lUt
in SC.ftcdule I. to this Order and LS hereinafter referred 10 <15 "'tbe SupJ)"lcmentAl,).
Agreement") umcndin~ the Asretm4;nt and II ~uppit.'mClJlary Admioi(;lr.ah\'o A":cm~,rlt
amending the Administrative A~emc:nl (which StJppl~"mellfi!lry Admini5tt"lIiivc I
Agrcem~Jrt is set out in SclJ.cdoulc. 2 to tJ,is Ofder and is hc~jnaflQr ref~ to as =thc
Suprl(.lmcn~' Arnl1inistratl,,'e Agreelllenr')(c) were signed oft bebalf of Ibose
Vovemnwn,s;.. .., . . ',., I
Alld V,rbeS'cas by ArlIL:le 1 c.,f du: Suppli:mel!l'~ry .i\!;~'-mc:fll It S:) pmvlckd tJ,1I1 [~e
Supplementary AUOI.'ment slt.a12 enter into terce on dut first ds}' of me third moDtfu
following dtel)lOtlch in wh~d~each Gm'ernmel'1[ has received from me odJ.er Govemrncnt
written ootifrcation d,;al ilU limtutory and CODStiiutioool requirements have: ~Cl1 (".{Implied
with ((Jf"cntry into force oftbc Supplementary Agreemenr; I

And Wbercas by Ankle 2 of the Supplementary AdminismWv0 Asrcemont it III

I'I"Ovi<k(f thoo: the SUPl>lefBe11t31)' AdanlnistriJt.i"ie Agtl:lell'lem 8IilI:lJ enter it'Ih.l force on Uie
dlite of entry mlO for.c;eof the Supplmlcntary Agrcemart:
And Wl~ .C!a8wr:-ittJ:n "o.ific~ti!.)n in i;1C!.:OI"dam:e with ,~iclc: J ef'the Supptclm:::ruaty
A.greClOOlt 'IIr"3S recei\loo by each Governmeut on 20th June 1.997 and .ucoord:.ingly die
Supp:Jementa.l) Agl>CliIlcnt and CIte SuppJenten-ml')' Admini:;.trnti,,'c ,o\grcem~I1' enW"1 in11Q
fjree on. the ]st September ] 997:

(lIi} Camd.~,
[V) ,sJ. 19114,'i81J.
(QJ Crn.H1t pu'. is&..::s ~~l di~ SUfllllfnlt.'tIJ'N!io' ~CtiJIlCflt 3tId tllo SuIl~'IIfIffl'IIfI~'
Ad(ft1JlI~~e A~i
 SOCIAL SECURlTV (UNITE.D STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER
19971
Supplement No. 44 (JulJ' 93j
,S119971l178

Art. 1-3 &. &h. l

Aoo Wh~..jI..~ by sectam )']t){1)(a) and (2) ef tfuc Social

Sec~rity Aarni(J1stl'atlt} A{:t 1992{8i} it i!l r)ftwidle(f tllat H~
Mtlje;slY nI~)' by Order ill, CI,)UliOiJ make provi5!un ro~
I!l!OOif}'mg, or adapting dtat Act irOO the Social S:wjJlI'l:!.~
COCltriblllllions, and Befie'fI1S Act 1992(b) in tlw-ir lJPl'liCllfiol!1 tJ
cases Idrec[ed b)' ~'f,erl{:5. with {ld1er (;.'O\"eri"1Jltnt~
J!KUvidifl.g fur .n:dproc!t)' in matters specifiM in the silfd
section; I

Now,.thea:eroN, fief M=\i~5~.in pUfsuancCl ()fgc()tiotl 179(1)

(n) and (1) of the: Sodal Securit}' Admfnistr:<Uton ,I\cf ~992 :and
of am. orbcrT'pO>\\lI!l$ 0/1ablms Her in tbat bebalf,. is pleased. 1-1
and \I,'litb 'bl:'? afj~i~(! of Her Privy COIJJlcO. to ol[d~. aJld i. is,
ileft!b}' u!tden;d, il$ thU'1\i;~:

C'itilCiioo and: cmnmenl:'Cme.nt I

1. Tlits Or,~er .flta)' be "'.[Ied as:. the $()cia.~ S<ilc\.rl~

s.~tes of .A.:Inerlca) Order 19'91 and shan ~OOlC jmto f(JJ:iCe(lEt
{l)nh~.:1
I sf Septcmbc:r 1997,

ModifitaliOB of 'he Socla'~ Security Administration Ac

1992 .and tru: ~i.J Secority COntriboliOlD!I: ,lInd Benm
Art i19~U:ftoli al!lleldmel!lt 1)" tl'IePriadPlliI Order
l. The Social Sccurit}' Admimjli ..anon Act 1992 III1d the
SOOlBI' Security Cofiltributions uOO Benefits: A<:t 1992 sOOll be
.llodiflcd Mdt !he PUndpal Order :shoji be amended se Ills to
givC! cnkt to the Agreement a:;. modjti~di b)' the:
Supplememtary Agreement 5d: oul in SdlCdn]C 1 to Ilbis 0]1
SIl1d to the Admlni;;:uati oe Asrcerrll!l)t 3$Inodined b}' lite
'e As.~mt;!t.ll .se. OI,1~jll ~Jle..-Jlde
Supp!elmenl3''',)' i\~mi~'~stl'Z\tj;
2: to this Order. :ro fur as the same n::lnte co Englll!td. wares tmd
SCl(Idll2l4.

Amendrneu,1 (J<f Order

3. The reference to the Social S~~rity (United States. or:
America) Order 1,984 st1.dJ be OOl[Ued iifi1he SclIeduk C() the!
Social Security {RecJJm1cal A:gt'I$Ilit:nl3;}Order 1988(..::) t!nd ln
SL'ikdJut.eoj. 2 and 3 II.. thes<l!d~~ ~Qd:ty (R,lWi~al
A~l':1ts:~ Order 199:5(d).,

lY'.iJ. NiahoJJs I

Cli.~rtoofdJe Privy COWl~ill

SCHEDULE I

SUS'PLEMBNTARY."'GREEM~T AMENDING THE

AGREEMENT ON SOCIAL SECURITY BETWEEN
THE GOVliRNME:Nl OF 11ft;; UN1TED KJNdOOM Of
GR1~A'TmUTAtN ANO NOR'nmRN tgl.AND ANU 'mE I
GOVE.RNMENT Of' THE UNTIED Sl'A'rES or AMmtICA.

Sup~[cmcnt No. 44 [July 9g]

 st 1997/) 778
The C;lIwert'nuetl of the Utlired KiBgdom of Gmt Brit<tiJj
nnd NQrtbemfn:Jiioo imd tor: GlIYCrnnil.lnt (11' itte United :S.llte~
of Amerit:i!J~
ft.w1fig cotls.idered. tile Ag~lnent en Social Se<!Ulit)' W:'I1idl
was s~ on thc1rrbehalf III: London en '~Jtb February 19,84
(hereinafter ref~1 to as.''1h~Agr~el:1l")~
HIf~'ing recognised lfle n~ to reYR' C~1n

prow.sio[ls. of the A~mlllllt~ Hllv< agrc>edms

foUows:

Atlide 1
I. ArtiJe r of tlJ;B .\gt'Bt.'ffI!nt !!i1aU bc're\li~i!ld a. fnHow!l~

{'ll i9'Y~c,~.
(t.) i992 cA.
{c) ~aI'.t:'it)j
(d~ s.a 19951761.
SOC1.4.L SECURI'l'Y (UNITED S'l'ATES OF A.MERlCA) ORDE.R 19'97

Sell. I

(a) Pamgl'aph l shaH ~ revised '.0

read as fQIl()ws~
t. L "Temtory" mClIRS, as rcsard!'i the United Stat~ the
States" the [)Js.riier '0. CoEumbia. tbe Comoloti:we;;hb of
11uI:I1u lticO'. the United States Virgin. Islands, (l,Uilm.
,o\mcrM;(lU Samoa and the CommOllwt;'.3ltb of dtc
Nortf!Cl1\i MaJiana 'sJ:mas, ~nd US regards th~ United
K:in.b-aom, England!, SCOUII1id, Wllil!'S., NiI;n:d..ern Ireland,
and also the I~Jc Qf MIm, the Island of Jersey, and the
l!llands of GJJefI.'\J~ey, Ald';;rfle),. Herrn tmd t;tiJi.oIJ; <lIid
rofcrenoos to fue t),tI~ Klngd(~.n" 01' to lerri[ory" in
rela,tiooli ro the VEl lied. Kingdom sliudl inclmk: the l.sfe or
MWl, the Island of JersC}'. .and tl1c l:s~.ds of GlH!fIl5C), I'

AJdel'DCY, H~rm and Jetft.oCi where appropriate;"'.

(b) P'.tragrapb J shall be revised ~o read as follows:
~ 3. "Compclt;.-nt AtlCmoTir}r'> means, as regards the
UnmtM :Siat~ mEie Cf)tllr~i$llionef' of S~'lCial Security,
and a~regards 'be:: United. Kingdom, Ibc Department 1;11'
St)ei:a1 Security fer Great Britaill. the Depi,ntmel'!t. of
nc;~hh mid SQCNU S<.:i~ for Nertbem l:reUrnd, tbe
(kp.u1metu of H~.. hb and Social Security of the hie of
Mall_ chc Employmcn~ and Social. Sc~urLty COIumittce
of the S.tmesof the, Is:land of Jersey Of' dJ! GU~15l?)'
SgcIal SecurjfyAt~~rjl)' as 1l.e C-ils.etn<'J)' n~lre;".
(c) ~b 1 shall be rcvi5ed1:.(1 read as tblll)ws:
" 7, At5 fe:g<tn:!S the- Uni;ted Kingdom:
(:3:) "'mstlrn."t(e period' m~ans. a ~curlbuCiOfl.
per!ll\d uran tqwvalent period;
(b) "'contribution perioo" "~n!\, a ~Ii'iooin
t~r 4)f whld:. lntriblJtion~ ilPpropriilr~
(0. tbe bendil Inquestiofl aJl.!! fiK2)'able, have
lK:J:!11 PiJid, oc "'~11!W flS psiej.
(c} "eq;ul,,*-alent per;od"IO~tl;>., :a pe1rod: tor
whidt (CMktribnUoCllS"If'~~te i0 tlk:,
benefit [n qu~14)lllhavoil beeft .;:red;led~

13.3
 SOCIAL SECIJRfTY c:UNn'ED STATES OF AMERICA) OROER
1991
{d) csunEo.'or'!l benefft" means, widow's
alfoW8noo, w~dow'" paymelill. widowed
ilJ1l(l4Ittir's .ltin(~w01.1.c~~l(1Jdw[d.o-Vo'~ ~leilS!I;m:
(c) "chiJd~s stlntivo. bcocfif' IllC'<lIiIS.
s,wu'dian's a:llowJU~ ~d .ebliJd's special
allowal~ee;
C() "rows on (;Ql;~rugc"means.
~he laws, IJnd ,fieglililtjoos reh'ltil~g. to IIil.e 1ftlpctSttoc,n of
Uab~lity foc die payment of social sccuriiJ c(l[1tJiiiblltions.;
(g} qu,tfi.ryitlg ptJiOd" r'l'rlr jAvliMit)' trelJetil
rneans,
m It,~Yiodo.f iltC~P3C~wof 364 OIfYSnl~der tile laws of
Grt:iI!t llr.itatD. N4,.lrthe.mlrdaod <lr the b~e Qf\.too. (I(
Oi) il: perlQct of to.c.:lpfWit)' (Jf 364 days ~t:f t.he l~w:J of
Jei:licy. OcT

(iii) a period of iocspac:ity of '56 day'S, cxdudjng

Sundays, IJI~d0r tbe laws; (~rG~t';I~y;,
(h) <Lliirs.toontributill)1l t.'OOdit[ilO" mean!!,
(i) unoo llie Iaws 'Of Grent Britain. Nonhem
Ir'eLandor tbe IsJc of MIDl:. that a person has
P;lid at (-east 5~. Crass Qr Cia,').'S I ~
c(l\I.I:ri(wtjQ~"" ~ litJy fil~liC~fore 4) AiRi~
19-15. or biW paid. in one rontriootion year,
CWs. [ or etas'S n cootriblliions producing
an earnings factor of at lell..,t50 om.;:!! that
ycaJ':'~(,ower~rning.s limit in II; tax year
beginning. 00 or aftEr 6 April 1975, or
<H) under the laws of Jersey, Itw. II vctson ba$
pmid contributions, prior to, :the endof dJ
rek:v<1ll1t:qtlltlrter and the sO[JlIllIl contribution
r~1.1<it derived (rom thclie (;oolllibtlllom; ili
not less thllfi 0.25. or
(1SI) WIder the jaw!> arGucmscy. thac It persen
has ~~ at ~ast 26 tt.."C:oJ@lec(JtlCrilrlfttioM
lJinct;l 4 Jam.w}' t965 or lhe dl!;lc Qf fu'.$ etll:ry
into che Guernsey scfu.cme;
m ''se.oofld ooElttibutio[J coodition" means"
SI 1997/1778

Scb.l

{i} undet the JIJWl5 of Great. Britllin, Nerthem JrcWid or the Isle Qf Man,
(bat aperson bas eil.liJer paid .m- beef.! cre(lncd widt Class I Of eta')!! n
comkibutoons produdmg an eam:inss factor of at le:a.'>i:50 times: tiI .:i'
31,)\\' eamjngs limjf m c~b uf lhe last .2complete ooll.tribulioll )'l'!MS
befq,re th.e rele'\o'1iru bendll year, or
(it) undcrtbe. laws Qf Jo.;:I'S(Y. Chat a pers(>u has ~id (If been c~d:lfOOI
witnconmu.liiol)S ill respeCl, of lIte reli.!\llml, qUrl.tter die 'JIlilrtcrl)'
i!f,ld
connibution factor derived wom those: c.{)utn'butions ill t .00, (It'
(iif) undu the EUW5 of Guernsey, thaI a person has paid or boon credited
wiCh atleoo;t: 26 ~(lkOO:.ilble con1ribtl~ions in the rete .ant ooorributroo
year,. fj}B "qwlit)-ing year" m~an;;;,
(i) at le:m :50 "''eeks ofiDsunm.c.e for pel'iads:
hefi)", 6 Aprll 191.$, or thu.nhe Pl;l1jutl b85
rec.~ivoo. O~ blllC.)wea.ied as havJElg re(:etved.
cmmin;g.s (lif 1ft ~t 52 Limes til.c L(li"'i:~;'eaminss
Limit.ill a tax year after 5 Apri:J 191.S IiIndet the
 SI 1997/1778
Ja.ws of U:n:.ai Britain. Northern Ireland und Ihc
Isle (J.fM:lU1!,Qf
(ii)
an annual contnbutkm factor of l.00 under the
law!> of JilFroY, or
(Hi) 50 ""eeks tlndoe..r tbe m"vs of G1rer:t1~)I~
(k:) a ''reck()nablc ~'car' means a tax year between 6 April 1~1j and 5
April t9'7& during whie:hoo:ntrjtmtions have bcil!iJ ~id on esmjl'l~;S:
rot:.eh'oo (ur treated as .rec.eivoo) ofm jl::ll~ 50 lime!; tilt loweT e.amin.Jti'
limit tor that year,
(1, "'prGS!Cribed pened" n~(:I!Ul~ in re lation to jel'stl~' and GUCTruC)', the
peri(ld c<lr:nJoe~ing on the same dale unde.- the I~u~of j~ at
GlIGIfjL~', ft.s,th~ ease may be, as the r~ll!l'i.aut puiod for mhc purposes
or llld 3~ .,'Coslon and euditlg (IiI\ 31 .DiX~mbornQ;q p~~{fii~ tile Qat~
hicb t~utillemt:nt to inVlilUdjlY bene.tit [tiTS. arose;
on ..
(m) "sickness benefit" means,
(ii) $bort~tmn incapacit) tirenefit at the Lower.hjgnef Q~ (OEli-tcnQ ra~c
payabJet.mdc':F :tl~; k-gislamion of' Orear nrlWiln, Nm1bcrn trdaod or
the isle of Man, or
(li) sid':I1!:1SSbet)efil pal'aNe un~ the le~isllllion of JCT5Cy or
Oucmsey;(n) "'invalidity booe.fi!f' means,
m l(>ng~etfit 1I1~iipati.y benefit. add=HQj~ill pension, mv;;didJt>' an:O'ilt~lloe
.mdincapll~it}r a~e lildd~tion PiliY<lb!C LlOder the. lcgistll~ion of Gn:i~1
Britain, Northern Ir'daad or tile Isle of MWl, O\f

(U) in\'alidity benefit!: payable UOOIrr the: lcgisliltioo of Je.rsey Of

Guernsey.".

2. in pllJ1!grapn l(u)(H) of Article 2 of the Agreement, "'19.54" shan be

NPr~ bt'1986"'.
S. Pl]ragrapb I(b) of Ankle ;2of .h.e Agreement sblll! 00 N .i:sedtQ read
as (Qllo:ws:
to (b") /1..5 :regard!> the United Kingdom.
0) Ihe Social Se(:U1il}' Admilljstrn~ioo Act 1992, tM Social S~c\~i~r
C~m;tribqtiQC1~Qtd l)t:olW!Xt-; Act 1992. the SC.JoI;sl,1 Secunt;!o'
(CODSI::qI;It;mUa.1 Provjrsiuns) /i.e.
IW1 and the Social SeoCurit}' (fnaapacity tor
Wc)("k)A~ 1994;
(ii) 'fie Soeia Socu.rit)' Administt"arkin ()\Xtnbefn Ireland) ,J\C 1992. tIl~
S(idJ}l'!1""'~ril)' CQ[Jllributronslmd Ikndl:ts (Northern lrdunJ) A(;t
19'92, too Soda! 5e(:ulrity (C()n.5>e';IllIWti~1 PF~:wisrons) (NoMem
Irewnd) ACE 1992 aM [he Soc.i;lJ1 SetZurity HOCi'iPiiCllY for Work)
(Northern Ireland) Order 199'4;
(iH) the Social SIXOOty AdministraDOR Ad 1992, !he: SOO5nJ. Secw:it~
CootribuU0fJ5 .1100 Benefits Act 1992, the SO(;ia:1 Securit}'
(C',"()l1seqo~l'tj&.J Pt.,.wiS~(ltlS) Act 19(.)2 and U~e Social SecuJit}'
(11lr.::a~it)' fOf WOf'' -'>
A~t 994 (A';1;$ of hrli;;lfl)~nt} ~ Acts Cn~
appay to me- Isle of Man b~,..il111e of
Orders IDlO'u:l<e, (If tta'lrW8 eff~t as if made, under
lti1e Social Se1:ucity Act ]981 (an Act of
T}1lWilIk'1);
(Iv) the Socail Security (Jersey) law, 197'4~
(If) the Social Insurance (Gu(:ffi:S(;;'r') law, L978~

<l.llnnlr:mt:"nt Nn. 44 Hnl v Q1tl

 socur, SECURITY (LOOTED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER m997

~d.lhe: lawli wruh ,,~re repeilled or ~OItWIIda(cd.by tbu:re Acts .Laws or Orders (It ~<dl
by egislm:iOIl c,QIL'IoIidlltcd
by Ehem.".

4. In pariigri!lph 2 of Artkle 4 of Ihe Ag,t-eernent. .he wUtd 'fI!Ctrro~U~'$lif!.H b iild~d iIJlJ(l\edt{}:t~ay

before the U'urds ....,~np'oyed by",
5, Ar1kle 4 paragr.apb 3 of Ute Agt~mem $1)&1'1be te\'fsed Ii) f(!3Q M fol!l()w-s:
3. A person who is CQv~!.ed wnd~.rthe law!; (In C'Ove-;rageof"eithee Party with respect
~o selfeltlipCoymtlent sb.a,u 00 slibJcd only to [be 1('j""'son ro,'eta~ of Ll)e Party i[t
wnose Icrri.tory he ordinari:ly residee, "..
6, A:rtkf~ 7 piI.rdgr.-pb 2 of' 'he }\~meDt :sJGlII be ~\,j!ied (0 reiJd ~ foJJ(m'$; " Z. StlbJI1:Cf to !lie
provisions of pl1I1Igflrpb 3 of this Artkle IIIld ulcpruvisroes of Article 14. a persoo who 'WOuldbe
Gr.Jtitkd to focei:'iI~ an oldag-e pension, a rctirflmn' pcnsioll, a SlUl\.j"or-'s benefit or illi'faHd1l)'
bcflefi( WJ;dC'4"' fh,e laws (}f tho Urtjt:c,Q King{)orn if be were in the Untted Kiagdom sball be entitled
.~ ~ei"\'e that ~~nsion er t~tlt whHe ite o.r-dinaljJy ~ides ill die tillTitol'Y of the: Unilcd SCates.
as if'he were in 1j~ Uni'ed KJ,~gd()m.",
." Artidc I J pamgraph 3 oflhc Agreemetit shaH be revised iu read ~ fol[:ows~
on :t.. \'v'bere 1i!.ec periods
of ("O";'et'age completed by a person IlJ'lder .he laws of:
(i) cithcr Great Britain. No11hem ErciaooPf"the: Isle of Man amoont ID less
@ballene roclooahlc year, or; as the ease may he, qualii}illg year, OJ"
ol1ly ~(t ~tio<t~b;;I~
!!,~~;j~~ 6 Aprn 11}15-a.rnd In a.g~~te i.lfi:KIUnt 1(1
Jess lban 50' weeks. or
(ii} Jc~y .smmml to less than anlllmllat connibl:uion factor of ].00, or
(Iii) GuettJsto)' amount to iess than SO "",-eek.s"tbo:seperlOOs f:ball be
Ilggrt:g<lI~1:d .t:5!~ftmr:y .liIiMl RUoo:n f;:umIll'Jr:t{;Q mld~ ~.b=,li1IWli ~If.-myJJMl
of the: territory of IDe- lltnite.Q Kmgdom under wWch a pension i.s
pa.)'!I<hk>or u,()I.:dd be payable tf the pcd(k~ were agwegate'd. or, wl\cre
EWu such pensions arc: or weald be !pil}11blc. under the litws ottbwt part
wiliicn, at m.e -dMe an wb~dtemitlement rim arose Of arises, is J)3:!Y'in;R
or \'I"')1,I4..Jpi;), thet\V~t~r IIlmmnt When.'! tm !~g.'lt4: (tf llw pr:riodb:
of w'ro'agt I;Sless Ifum QI1&::.qLlitlilf)'IOg }'t2r- or recli:l1tiilbie }'e<ll'. tI\d:s
Artit:le imd Article I) sbnJ I not npply,".
~t Atfi<:11:14oflbe Ag~n~nc: sbaU be re"isl,'lt,l1.~' ~d;~ Ioll~J",1S>;
.j l. 'The provisions- of puragnipbs 2; to 5 of this Artjc~ shall apply to elaims for Dt\'Dlidlly
.bciooflt !.I1Iidw too laW!! of Grellt Brjca~I\" Notthenl [1'I;!lafbli or the b~ ~f M3J;)*
2. A person who 'bOOIHlitJsf&ed the fir..l t-Ootrlbul1oo cOiildldOit f0T skkiie8S bene.O.
as deflm:d in Artk:k i115ing, contributicm.s under tit<: law'S of Great Bri.fai!ll,.
NOnhc:m lrelar:td or die boo (If ,,"fanOO~!. who ill in the cll'itorv of lft.' United
Staees and is .L'l04. !l-U~J(X;[ ro the taws (;ra coverage of Great n~ilai;n. Nortbern
rn"land or m~Islif;!~)fM;,lIrJ 1;'(1.. l\J1idC~ 4, ::; or {i of ellis Agrr:emenc, sbark be
entitled lo recelve m'Vaii:dit}, benefit under the laws of Great Britain. Northern
It~I;Itld (If'IIt<: I:;] of MIlIl provided 'lIat:
{;'\} the: second OO1llnbulJoo (londiilion ibr sickness bendh undet dtit:- Illws (If
. tlOOlJnited Kmgdool is $lIf~fied using ror~"allC peri<Jds. of co\lNoge
under tile J~w'S (If tilt! Unik4 Kingdom and, Jf fiecesSilfy, che Unlled
S4liJtcs, iI:Dd

{b) the peeson is iocapacitalc-d lor work ood has OOOB so iocapa.citatod
:tbroughollUl!e ql~afj:fj.mg. ~J1odi fat' in"'a]j~ljly bem.?fit. in wbich case'
dl~ perwn :;b.~1 be tretJ,t(,ldas if ~i.;kIlC55b<;nCln~ foUoweQ b)' in\'aliQm;y'
benefit. Im~r ti~, Jaws:of Gfeilc. Britain, Noohem lretaM or ihe Is[e of
MnlL. bad been paid ibr.aogihollt tha!.p,cnod ofiIwBlpacity_
for 111~~,uf sub-parugrupb (iI), a person will be consitJ:en:d 10 IDl'Ct the second
wntributfcn condition i:fHI.': is credited with at Ieasr 2 qUillftCni 1)[ CO'lfCr<lge 'l1l4~ ttle
laws of the Unit-od Stm;~ W rocb of the last 2: CJi)lnplctel::()nLri~:ion yeaf'SbBtQnl dLC
,rohll\'ant bmefrt yeat_ The .eJl1! ~aJ~tC()I'I~(!d.clli A.:urh{iril.y ()f Qreat lltitlt1rL. Nfmhl,!'Tri

n.Di Supplement No. 44 l Julv 981

 SII991/1778
SOC1At- SECURITY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1997
Ireland or .he Isle ufMan wiU reallocate an}' quarter OfUJ\'erdge credited to OJ plmiOOi
under the laws of the- United States within a calendar }'C-af to any oIhcr calendar
qUarier within thaI )-eM if it is needed to SlI~i8ft the second <CofitribUiioo (tmcti~ion in
a relevant ccntributien year, lIS tOllg as i~has not been used to slltisE}' the second
coorribmiofll.':OodirioD in any other reEeV3r'i1 C-OOrrlbutiOIl year.
5119971t178

St;h, '1
The: me of the IOvaiWiry benefit 1)lJ~. tb1e sbaLl be} tbilt which woold be paid Llnderthe
laws. of Glnt Britain. Northern Ireland or th~ rde of .M:1tIl wrthout the application of
cliti~ Ah'TCf::mcot ~mJc:;~i\ ([is<lIbjJil)' bL"11li!ht 'In;,kT the hJWf; of the IJn.itad States h ill
paymem, Wbethel or not under the prov1!iioEls of this Agreemenr, in wftich case lh<!
rate of jnva~idn)' benefit payable shall be determined in accerdaace with thie
p<nJ\'iS;l)ru5 ofpi.!;!';w"pb ~ t)f ~h.isArticle.

3, Takjflg account of SUb-purdi.Jrdpbs (.11) tmd 4:1of this parngruph~ the: re]e\'ant Agency
of Gr~at Britain, Northern Ireland or tbe Isle of Man shall ascertain the proportion of
uwaHdity benefit pToy'idcd nnoc'f im taws in the same ratio B.S the total Qf tbi: periods of
CO'iCroge: .;;ornp]eT,edu't!ldcr it5 IaW:5i bears to 1Itc. t(1~al pcftod~of covcrageoompletcd uMc-r
dte laws (;If iJodL Jjfitt~,
(n) The: provisions of paragraph." 1,2 and 5 ot Article 9 and the previsions ofplll"lieum~ 4. 6 SIl.d '7 of
Article I l {If this Agreemmt shall apply to periods of etWa'llge credited Ilfl~ fuclllWl> of the
l,lnired S.at~~:l ifrhe references in shose .>\rticl~~to:w Qld age f'GI}Sj()!\, 8 retirement pension or a
pension were references to m\,.aJjdL1ybenefit
(b) F01' the purpose of (aICtlI<1Iing the j)fOpOl1joll of oolefit referred to above, no aecount :mall be
taken of an~( period of COV<!fagC completed after the- day on which a person's incapacLty
commenced,
11~ ;}rnO~IJ~ of ~ne61 (,.:llculalc:d in aeeordenee WiTh the fiOO\.'e I'roVi.:~11S. of tItts
paragraph sbaLl be: !he amoum of invalfA.iity benefit actually ptJ}'abJe: to thiN: person,
4, Wlrer-e a person lJi me lerritory of ~l Bri1tlio. Nonllern In:I.llld (I(
Ute Isle of MWl,OT a person outside the rerrnery of Great Britain. Northern
Ireland or the Isle ofMan . 110 is entjtled to an invalidiw h!;ncfil under the
fcJC\'lIDl Icg~lIrlifll1mhG'r m-afl under paragraph 2 (tf rbj~ Anicl~ i~ in reCl2ip~
of It:\'\i'aJidil:)l benefit under tbe laws of Great 8ritain. Northeln Ireland or the
fsk- of MM. and i1Ilsoi:;in receipt of a disebility ben~fit 'Under the IliJYt"S of 1JK:.
Unnoo; States, wJ:\l!1llet (If lilt)! 1,I1l4er d~ p(ovisiol'ls Qfmjs Agl-eellletit. tbe rate
of iU\''3Ii.dity benefit ~1I\dett1,~ ~ws of Gri-.ti Brltdn. Northern l.d<md or tile:
Isle of Man :ib.;;!11be detimiiitJed In a~l.trI:l;mI.-:e willi the prl1'fiston~ of
PilJ"'agra~~ 3 i.tnd 5 of thiS Articte,
5.. Wkrc. a PCf'SlOU to whom the pm'tii>i(.)1)~of ~~t-s~4 apply:
(~} would I~"'e been entitled [\} receive jm'illidit)' ~n~6t under!ht: laws oi'Greot
Britlfin. Northern Jretand or Hie Isle of Man, without recourse to this
A~t'Cment: tlnd
'b) l~ entitled t()- receive both lll\'ulidl,.y bcnt"61 under p;1fl1grnph J. ilnd it diSilbiJit},
ben<:fit tlFId<:t'the b",'S of the United Statcs, WJU::I.beT or not under' l!Je pf'(j"'i~rons
ot thts Agreement, and the !{Wll of these two bcnetlt$ Is less Chanrbe arnottm of'
jnvalidity bellefit to Wllicb tbe person would od!erwise have been entitled llfl~r
(<J)' tbl: eQmpet~n( au.hor:it) of Great Britam, Northern Ireland or the f'!lk of
MilD shall calculate the difference between the amounts of bene-fit ~'1JLaicd in
accordance wid. sub-paragraphs {a} and (b), on the date that entitl~m0Jll to invaJidlt)'
benef'Lt pays)}]o under pamtrspb 3 fir!rt arese, @il shafl j"il. ltr~t@)1QI)Ot it) ;>4ditlM to the
aHair~be()~tjt P'i>'ilble. The .,ddhional SIlIJl will remain in pil)'mcnt under the same
tn...
oonditiilDS as the m\'afidity benefit and !il!Jbjoo tn too equ;,,'alenl increases ill amount. as
~Jll'()pri"t~.
6-. NolWitI]St3MUIg any (letter pw,.-is;ion Qfiliisi\pmem~ 1n\'iilldl,y belletif silaUbt;pil.yablc
under tne l:IIW8 of ,Iersey onl~1 in accordance wilb the pl'PvjsJQf1S 0'1' paragrapbs 7 to 9 C)f this
Atticl't:.
 SOCL\l. SECURITY (lJNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDHR 19')7
7. h'r the; purpose of <!l.Ialif)'img for 1J1:Va1ieHE}'benefit. a person who
is, in the tcrri~(lf}' oftbe
UIi1.i!~.d States and
([I) bas satl~fied rhe fil'llc c(lfltr~uHofl eondirion for (nvalidity benEfit using
contributions under .he UIWS of Jmt:y ojJf>'~a;w
(b) has sarisfied tile second contribetion (;ood~ti.on fur lD't'ilJidjt~, benefit lls~m~
rele\'1.mt perioos Qf coverage under the laws of either Part}': and
(c) is incapable of work, and hils. been 50 incapeble througbow tlte' (}uaLifying
petl.odfOt in,,',\lidity benefit
shall be ~cC".d as if be had been entitled La sickness beneii{ throughout thm pe od.

~b.1
for the pWpuscs of :s.u().I2r.tgrnpn (b), Ii person will be considered (0 meet ~lte se\::l;.)lld
contriootion COOidition ifbe is credited with 3t least -:2quarters of coverage under the laws of
tbc Unmtcd Sta1f:l.i in 4:acb of t:OOlam2CQmpletc calendar years before the c.a.lcndar yeW" in
whkb tbe claim for benefit \Ya.'Smade,
8. Wbere a person oos. satjsficQ she COJl\litiQm !;(:t out in p~ph
7. 1h:: Ot:1UlpetentAutboril)' of JetSoe)' shall detenmne tbe ~tlla' r~ of
in...
alid.it), bcnet1t pa)'Dbl~ as the amount tlm1 beors lhe :~;mlil;te 1~[ii)f'I[0
t!1~ standard rm~ of bell(!nl fI5 tnc Irfu &vcrJlgC contribution factor during
d!~ preserj~ period ~rs; If} a .no, except d1I8t DO benefit shell be
ptly~l).le where Lh<:{al;lOr is less tlillJm 0.1 ,

9. V,1hcfea person wnois in Jersey is entitled to .in,,'aLiuity benefll

~"i~ :til.'e' I:\<wtl (Jf.f0\!~}',dlilt ~nl3tlt shall be paY3ble,

10. NtltWlt'ns.tandrllg. avy oiher pro\'isioll of this Agrement.

invaJidjt:io' benefit Sh311 oop3},,oote under tIJ,e laws (If Guernsey only ill
",,~ttrdal](;e- wilh the ptr;),,.isi~QS ofparag,rnpl)S II to I: ()fthL~ Anicfe.

11. For the purpose of qusJifyjng foc m 'lltidity bl"J1eiH, iI person wbt)
is ill the tarlf~fY Qfth~ United s.~(es or Guerm:ey and
(8) bas satisfioo the first eontributicn conditios for siokness benefit using , . , ,
cot'l[ributions under .he laws of G~crn:~ey onl!r'; and
(b) Ins sillisti<:u the second CllncributlolJ ,,uudifoon f~ !'Sl:ck-.!.es~ bei'JI~t"j[ ~m~
rde\'ilJlt periods If CIt'J<lg.c tmder the laws (~fdLhe1: ~y~ and,
(I;) is mL"i:1pablc of work, and has been so inI:a~c: Ihroughour the: qualifying
pevioo for 1trtfaHcUry hel~efit
shall be:trcatro as If'be had been enthled to sk.kncs;s bcnci:il throughoet that period.
For the perposes of StJb-Pil~h 4:bj. each quarter of coverage c::n:IIihc:d under the I;IWS
of the United States in 1iw rofe"an1 C~)Ilrributi01) year !lhall he treated as: if it had hem a
(:Ot\lribl:ltlOl~~'Tiod of thirteen we~k!; cl"Jmr}~lf;:d~ an etnpkl>"ed ill" ~elf-.enlf'ro}'oo P'1~)fi
in tlt~ relevant contributiuli year,

Il. Where a person b~~ S.njli fled ihc I:OndllluDS set out in pi1t'oW..pb l l, the Cort'petenf A I~thtw~ty
ofGuc:msl'!)' ~jJ:
(3) deem the corlfnbutf{IO (l!)ooiri(')ll!! for the psyment of invalIdity oonetit
sarisfioo provEdoo thm. the periQds of oo\'erage under the 1a:\'r'So of
Guelflse'y total One qUilt~'lng jleflr: and
[b) calculat.e thcamoum or im-aljdily bonefit to be paid, subject to
rlarasrapll 13, 8:1 bdtl~. ih~ proportion, not cxci."C:dillf; lO~1t, of the
!itilDdi!nl rare 'whicb the lotal number tlf t.onl'iOOLioas paid or credited
in Guernsey dllring tiw rff~ribt.~ period bears to the product of the
Dumber of years ij~that period 300 tifty: save that jf me !!mount so
ealcuhued is Jess than one-twentieth of die: standard mle, no benefh
shal!l he payable.

13. Wl~t1I II!j)i!~1:i is in. GUtm~!h!i)"~ii1d II

I
I
 S.IJ~I]77S
SOCIAL SF:CHRJTY (UNITE.D STATES OF AMERI(:A)
ORDER 1997
(a is entill~ to ilmUidit), bendil under the ~irWS of Guc~msey solely
through the ilppliC4tion ot paragraphs I] and 11, or has been emJIJed LO
such. a benefit in relatioJl to tile claim ill question solely through the
3ppliClltiOI ofl1ilQs~fX"!ra~hs~ ,}lld
(b) is in receipt cL~"'lbm~~{
of a beMfl;1l.mcler \tk} 1;\",,":) {lime UniH!d StUes,
VitJ.etlwf flol by \'itt,~ of .tli!5 Agreel'Oent; d~~ ~JI1oo1}l (If the
(If"
j~'Yalidit)' benefit pay.ablc under Ihe laws of Guemse)' shaLl be reduced
by the: amol1nt b}' whicb 1lJe ~.gTeg:ne of both btmefits exceeds tnc
stlhldard rote of i.th'.alldfty benefit under Ihe mVt'S (If Guemsey.

]4. No person in relation [0 WbO'lll InvaHdiIY Ilenetll is payabLi: ll1Ider 1Jle plQ\,jsj(jffi of this
AgrcemMt shaH receive a ~tribution credit from l~rsc)' OT GlUCmsey untcss pres.cnt

SI t 99111778

Seh. 1
in Jersey OT Gw:m.'1cy., as the ease may be.

1.5. Wher.c a person's periods ofcO'.crilgc under the !aws ora part,oftbc Uniled Kingdomtolal
~'j. tban one qlJlijjfying ym. or one WckOll.ilbJe )'f!8f, ~ penodi shall be ~-vefj{ltcd as lftbey
bu,dall b"r1wmpkted ill1.~r the taws ofoo)' JWt efthe terrl~O'fy oftbe United Kingdom under
which 11 sickness benefit or an. lovilliditybcnc-fit is poyoo[e or would be p.ty<1oJc itlhe periods
were aggrc,gated, or, where two such bcndrts arc or vmuld be payable, DElder the laws ofthac part
which. at the dare on ~llidl eDfitk!nu:m tlrst arese or arises, is paying (II' would pay the gJt81:cr-
amouo; Wbere tlte' ~gaIe of!lae periods of coverage is less tban one qualij}-ing year, or one
reckonubje year, this ArticJc shall not apply.

16. NolWiLhstlmding any other pRwhiofl of'this Artklc:. a person in the teni.OJ) ofCbcUnited
Siales who is subj.ect t.o the Jaws on coverage: of the United Kmgdom by virtue of any of the
Artiefcs. -I to (j of ttlis A~emtmt and wn.o s:uisfi'es tile COOU10UQOll oondluoo!> appticablc to
sickness bl:oellt .mdt:r those laW$ sh.,n, for the purpose or d<~emrIning his erllidem.eof to
Im'alid:ity benc:iit UDder rho:sc taws:
(Ii} be 1R'.a'cdas if he were in the territQIj' of fue United Kingdom; and
(0) each day ofio(;sp.acny for work whilo in the territor}' of~ Unitetf Sw<!s may,
",,'lJ.ef~appropt'w~.e, be trceted lIS if it were a day for \\ot.icb be hadr...~i\Oed
sickness benefit under tile laws ef'the Unit~d Kingdom.
17. An>' Jc:;ui"<:tioowhich "'Quid otbet\'ilse be app'Jkab!~ ltIlder the laws of !be
l)nifad K i(l~d(lnJin Ibe till(: of bem:fil p;.1yuble to persons wbo arc noc ordinarily residcm
ill tfJe Lt:rri(ory of the UOltoo Kingdom shall not apply to persons in die tcrritof) of tlile
Unik-d States who are in IllCcipt of fllvaHdit), beLlofit un4ef the laws of the U olted
Kmgdom by virtue of the provisions of'jhls Agreemcflt. ",

9, Arli~jc 2:1 pilmgrapb :z ofthe Agreemem shall be revised ro read <Iii fuUOW5:

. 2. If a disagreement cannot be TCSOh'cd through negotiation. the C'.ompctmt

Authorities will endeavour to settle the mue through arbitmtion. mediation, or other
mJ:Jtwtlly agreed PTQCOOlJff;.".

Articl~ :2

The appliciltion of this Slipplementary Agn:crnent shan not result in alI}' reduction in the
amount of a benefit tc which entilJemen~ was es~bHsl1edprior to i:\!Seofl}' lnlo foree.

ArticleJ

This. s.upp)ernentllry /!.;greemefll shalt ~(a' jtU() .brre on Ure tir.g day or Ihe Ibjrd month
f(llk.~'iftg dl~ m(lfrt.b in "..1aidt b~041!. (Jo'''-n11I1K''Jti3 sbitU have informed each other by' .n
formal exdr.3.nge of notes that the steps. l!Iece..q!lal"Y under d!cir nati.olllli Sta.UJtC9 to enable
1hc-Supplcml:'ntwsy AgJocmcnt. to take effect have been taken.

'-;l1rmr~mt"nt No 44 Ilnlv Q~l

 SOCIAL SECURfl'Y (UNI'rED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER 1.99'
IN Wlt'N.I!!SS: Wm:REOf, tfle uJ'ldel'si~, be'mg dnly !il,ltborfs(d' lhc~co by t:bi!k
~~cti"le O{Wel1lltleIflIS, bave: !lig,moothis Supplementary Agrecmmt

DONE iDQ~lpli(:~eat tOiMol:l em 6til June i 9%.

f'()R tHE GOVt:RNMENT Of THE; FOR TIm GOVERNMENT OF THE

lfNHED fdNGDOM OF GREAT BRIT AlN UNtIED STATES OF AMERICA:
AND NORTHERN] REI..AND: Tir.ooth~'E. Deal, WUJlainMmd~n. {M11li;!,1ft.
Eutba.ssy (If tbe (I\tri.:ricas Director, FCO) Uni~d s.tates of Amcriclli}

SCHEDIJLE 2 Artide2

:8Ul;PLE-MEm,.\RY ADMINISTRATIVE AGREEMENT AMENDING

HIE:: AD.MINISTRAliVE AGREE!J~'tEN1' E:-OR, 'mE {Ml'J:"EMENT AnoN
OF' THE AGREEMENT ON socr AL SECURJTY BETWEl::~ THE
GOVmmMENT or HIB UNtIED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
ANn NORTHERN IRELAND ANO n-m
GOvERNMENT OF THE UNITED
ST A rss Of AMGRIC,"t.

".[he O(J'i~llnieut of the t rUted i(il'lg,OOl15 of Gtea.t Bl'lta'l~ ~ Nonbe;rtl Ireland and lfue aO~'cmmcnt
Qfdl~Ull tIed Stilt~sQf America;
In ,acCordance with AI1iclt: 15(:!J) l,l[ d1I1!. Agreement on Social Security between lnc:
of tire Utl.i(:ed K.iJ~Jtclom c.f Greilt Britaio and Nonbom l.rclsl'Jd aM the
G(I\,eflilfilefJ5
G(NertllnelJi {)fCne LJo1CeJStares of
AmeriCti signed (ltl th~ir,b~l\.'llfat London on nth
fdlrtlill)' 1914 (htlreil'lafier referred t'Q as ",he (\greemertt".l as a!)Jil1ded by tRc Suppkmentary
Agree-mC'J:tt of (bis date:
H'tu'e ~grted [0 amend !he AdminJstrnll\'e Agrecmem for Ihe R!npl!.,'iflel'lmtiofl of me
A~cmCIiII. as follio'il'f1j,;-

1. Article 2: paragrdpli 1 of die Admi'ni:strntl"'~ A(g~OJcmt tlt.,.tI be

n::'Io'hieJ {O read m;lblt1Jl.'fi>:
" I. Tbe liaison S:gCflcius refi!\f~d to h_ ArtieI';;;: 1S of tn(! Agn.~mnt shan be:
(3) fOIl' the United S1att:S, ~ Srn:;r.l]
s.:el:lti~y Admini~rndoo. (b) fot: l~te
lInitcd K~dom>
(i) in Grr.ill Bdtilm.
'0
f or aU .;-o1~t~I~8,eJ)Cic;'C<;!f\O\.i)tA rnctes 4. 6 of the Agrceml,1nt and the provision
Uni:red KingdaJt1 il)sura~e JYoorQ..;;fOor Disabili1)' Benefit,
of

Department ot'50dal :ScC":wiI!)' Peasiens and OVWSCIIS Benefits

Dh'ee10Jl\1e. r-Yf1e,,'I~w Park. Wbjtie:~l ROitd, [~"(\I!i N~f.IIo~;)gdeIlPOU Tyoe,.
England. N~l'}S10A;
For Artk]~!:; 4 Co 6 of tb~ Agre~Im.!fi;t una t,(i pt'ovidil Ullitoo Kli'lii.<:lk'tn ;nslJro~ceI'e.cordf' tor
Di~biJjty Benefit,
Comdbutio[1s ~e{tey Inremati.o.:oo.l Sen'ices, Lo:ngbcntoo, Ncwcil5tLe: upon Tyne, Ettglmtd!
NE9S IYX
W) in Northm fre4and_ Social SOCltrity Agency Overseas Br3ndl.
Cemmouweefthltouse, Castle Street, BetlilSt, Northern Irelaoo aT1 lOX
{iii) it! Efu~ Me of f\.t:fm. [lIi:p;ilMlent (If H~~tb ~jlfl:dSQCiaJ S~'tlrit}',
M41l'kweltHol~~ M;:ri;:clStFt!et. I)(j~idas.lsrc ot'M~n IMl iRZ
O\r} in Jersey, Empk"ymeflt and Social Seemity Department Philip Le
F...,uvn:Hi:JU~> La Motte Stt4:~t. St HeUer, J'l.'fSey, CbmmelMl!oos JH4 SPB

I ~ If\
SOCIAL SECURtTY (:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER )997
(,.) in Guernsey, Guernscy Social Security Authority, Edward '1' "'headoo
Hml$l!,Y Truobot, St Peter Pen. Gucmse)\ Cilannel 1s,l!mds:{}YI 3WH.".
2.. Article 9 pa!iiil~.f~l' I oftbc- AOmlni1!tnllj\' ,"~l~IJ' milll bo
by addm.g ili~ IOU(t\'loing senteoce at the endthereof
ft\'iS(~
HO""t~i"'t:r.the Agetill:i~s ol~1he two Parties mil)' agree (In a d.iffi:rent aJJOCiilli;OJ1)of
~IS$ for medicat examiniUitms iUl'al!Igcd uEidcC'dti$ ~g,-.q)1i.".

Articfi: 1

This Suwlt.-m,enlary Admini!lnr~iveAgc;croel'!r smalE -cfl!er inJn terce Oil the date of corry into
fUJ"Q;of the S\ilppt<rn~l1tw:y AgreeIElclIlt or dti:s diate ilmcH14'IlS the A.grco:cmrot.

J3.B
 SOClAL SECURJTY (VNlTED STATES OF' AMERICA) ORDER ~997

S) 1997/1778

DONE at [.(lIDdon on 6th Jiuno 1996 in duplicate.

fOR THE OOVERNMENT 0.'" UtE FOR THE GQV.bKNMENT Of THE UNtIED
KINGDOM OF GRGAT BRlT AIN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND NORTHERN iRELAND: Timoth~' E. Deal. W.tImm Marsden. (Minil;[~.
Emba~Rl' .)f the
(Amen'CaS fJircct<.'r. f(20) tlJlited S;Ult~ I)f An)~ric.'l.l

EXP.LANATORl' NOTE

This Order makes provision fur dw modi:ficaiiol!l. ofihc: Social SC>Cuflt}' AdmlniSlnrtlOrl
Act [9n a:t~ th~ S~lc~alSOCl;Jril)' (:ontr.ibutiollS and Bend1ts.. Act 1992 so as to gi,".c cfr~
10ltl.oe SupplenlMlilt)' AgJ'eMleflf 00 soda! se-cul'i1}' (wbtn is ser l)Ut. m Sclu~dll!lQI to this
Order) made: between the Government of the United Km~d'otn of Gfe~f Bfil3En tmd
Northern I.reland and the Govennneat of the Unit.ed S1:mes o(Amcrtca,. lll~
Su;ppJen1t!lltar!l AgreemMt ~J1~C"nd5 the Agreement on $Ocial security set out in Sche-dulc: ]
to ~ SQci~.Sccmi~( Lloit.cd States of Am::rirn) Order t 9&4 to rok:e into account changes
in Vnitl!d Kin@.dQIIli legisiMk"'t in partlcadar as reln.b~!l to im:.apllICicy oondlt.
There are i11:su set out ill Sdl'tduk .2 [(I lliVs O~'f fiR} provistoos 1)[ @ &uPP'JOmet1mF}'
Adm.inistrm:ive Agreement amc:nding the Adminis.1rntlve Agn:mli!ffi,i ~~t {nIl' ~ Sdl.ed4~le;;:
tQ lhe- SoclilIl Sel;JJJ'it}' (Unitlo.~Stitt\!:; of Atmirn;'41) ordt:t ).984.

This. Order docs not impose any costs on busmess.

 SOCIJ\L SEClJR[-TY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) ORDER ]991
W.8290(~W.8720~

Surmlement No. 44 lJufv 981

 t$:IIlHli~~.iJC8Ii'a.ir1I(lI'io107 JIlI~.php?tXIn.tent.87
Peg61111

FEDERAl JUDGE $TATES IN COURT TH,AT H~ GEtS HI$ OFlDERS FROM ENGUINO

:rooii, Sa1Urday 25 June 2011 15:15:00

FEDERAl JUDGE STATES IN COORT 1l'IAT I.jE GETS HIS ORDERS FROM ENGlAHD

During 111.,~I J.iJ!Il(Q ta!ld SIlaron Pattm;(lll. (Ca:Mt6-!)7-CIH~1) WilIi;J!11 WaY""" JI1$1iI;ll!, Jpdge !;If tl1e Unill!d StIII;S District Cl,lurt
T&lUIIYE11MeCfI DilJi910nwheft preemed 'MtJ\ law~eti:

For 8110( Iflose who did rW beliel.>e t1mr the UI'ri\ed Sl.a~ wtI!I. ul'lder Gre31:8ril8Jn tIe~ lla. w~1ll from Ule mouth of'.a ~$dera!

JIld9& How much m()ft& e."klIel'lC6 ue y(lY oo~' M es 1'19$f}8'1er bt;!!1) FrIJIil.

The R-eYdulionary war w.as a fraud pe1pE!rmmcr on riJe Amllflca~ people. ThE! ~r'~ ~r:poG4t wa:o to ~I~ poWt;r and rn..klJ!! ~

nQCllc Ci!$lcr to COfItrol

,A'IIFederal Jud{Ji8S, Congms.'5!l'l8fl. U.S. Attomer<>. S1ste J~BS, ~n;. elld ~ Attor/lilJ~!know tm. lJI"lI.i 11m:in {;J~ 9~is~
Agents.

"Their j,Ob is ~ ~p the peojit!! in JiBe O1ndto be {ItOr.iuaiwe $litve wtIidi tfley (11:ieBti1i8l!l AgeIlI6J' are peUy compensated tOL the
polioo ~, IlQ1 kn(h tMt ~NI wcrk for Or~t Bntall\ltiQl)' too B;yjJ botn ~ $0 don't ~adit tIlem.

e i~ limct for everyono 111~ to I!;I1QWthe ,Nth, Let us .111WQrII; Wg~r in mcposing: ,the8citish Empi;e. Please t'HIb: atld e-tnai.I
ttl;6 refe.ase-1Of!!ttI!ry AliMr.'Iey, Judge, IItId Legisl~b! in )'4lur area to ret 11tem.I!:.1Iow they tUlv8 beeR ItlImaskacL Please vet oot ),l)Ur

Yeo.1l!awPages 200 ~lal1l'.alling

~Dlit! iIll)'OUraiea and also reallltli~ re1e3!1e rNeJ' everr rOO'itl sIlow po66ibte. We hlWli'!' pdmoo
tlloU!Wld!l af eViJ:le;noe
~ages, :and maile:!' tJ;-~m :I'IftC'$!i. Am~ ill.1lt1Mtw.e1hl1i\lltle United1 States. 8 III BJIbio;h CcIOn.'I. II 1/1.(me to
MIfIt1l1!1e 6f1t1611Welt ',0 Ell{Jlandl. We must work t<Jge4fl,er ~ If. we 00 not, we are all doomed

Your Frl&lld.

(Arullt one need3 atlY fUltfler 1Ilf0f1'll811OIk. aee IwglH!l22.. 1S91is9tJe oIlntel1ig9llee. Re'IieW aJ11cl9MBlI1aln'& '!fI~bl&' ~mpiIfe
Ui'l1&a!jfle1l The Dogo:; Q! Wolf') {End ~oUf'l!lJ

I==~I_", ,"" -
THE ULTIMATE DELUSION
us,---

I
I
I
 Ce,stui: Que Vie Act 1666
16660HAPTER 1118 and ifChe 2

An ~l'Qr ~~dret~e- of' Inoon'ie~C;je, by ~nt QfProofe of Ih~ O~ of Pel'&(lns beyond 1f1eSEmI!.or

tlbseflllrl~ f"'~m$CllI~$, upon wh05C li\Ie$ EM$M doc dc:peml"

-.1Rql;ilid tn~t Cptgj que viaJ! hiW'flQPI\8 bll"Q~ S"., 11M thilt R,w1'it.1QM'" Cfml1CJt "net out
"IhathtJr o,ey 8A!, .Iiw or dud.

Wt'lef* (jlvcr}c L,~I or ManrtOlJrl'ii!Jn(J Olhetfi. have g~ntl:ld Ii~lit~ by l ee for 0013 or mare Itfc Of'""'ej.
or Q[sefa, vsa~!i dinarmilllai:lla upon one OJ IOOrf;!life er IitiB And it halll p~n hi1!!PjJe(led t1:1ae 6Y~ P!IfelC!n

Of' J(I~f1I\:ii tor whtJ$CI>NfD Of ,_ $u(lh ~'IiI~$ ",va bftCli~ Q''afltod ha"'l& !,l!OI'IEI' ~vond the Seaa or aoe

@b~nted th~(fl&l!!l~, for n}~v yeNe3 1~1 the '1."&01'&sAd Retef'ionersQannal Nnde 0tUt wh~1t1er~
porwn Of' prm;on~ be sli\ll!l or dead by mason whereof such I!.asSDr5 jlnd R&VlHlIiooal'& ha~ l:Iae.nD- nord out
of PQase&1lfOO 01 tOOlr 1enementJ rQr rNmy yt\8res 8"81 all too 1!vQ&~poo wtuch wen Eitate~ depeno ore
dD~d - rtlQiiir\1 lhil~the lesaQra ~ Re~rsiof1er& wMn .he), have brought Atrti~ fQr this IlIef.WQr)! Qf their
TlIDemftnt!l h~e t!eenrt Pij'lt tapon It 10 prcwft W:s <11:18n or nlelt Te~n~ whe!} I~Ii ijlmOO~ ~1I1" fDr
11'18411
t{) .alsCOvtt tr~ ~am", Fer remedy of wl1lllh mlKhetftlt I!IO!!'flllqlJlll'ttly hBppe;nlflg to l!iuCh U;I&$OflS or

REl-"~flilooam.

dilorlll intonnatton
1_liQbrCIY~icml or"c:omrf-C>'Iionl '" th. O"lli/llil! joon of 1hII Act na~1~" mod'lf! r.l*llltllln
~P!lndlld II1t1O '" MlL' Ht
tM iOO\l!,t gild Qe!iJlN

"od.ffielltion. etc. ~n~alllllll'llQl I.)tt~

.1f;tt"" litll ~Th"CI!IflM ",0 V.,A~ Uteif'givl" b)' ..,~ """uc:.. ...,:,..
',,"'

C2Pr.$IItlIllh~ ~tltllJ ~ PillA Ljndllf 8'i1IJ!iu!i(y of :.;

cl~il\ 'W!)fi'la oa4Io'O~tnlElm r~d by:-

i
I
[t.]Ces.tul que ~e remaining beyond Sea for Seven Years together and DO Proof of ftMIr LMts,
JudgEI' in Actio,,, to dlreqt a Verdict as though CestuJ que vie'l\i9J8 deacl.

It SUCh per$OO or perWJS for whose jlfe 01 lilieS such Estates have beene M shall be gran!ed sa
aforesaid 'Stlatl I"8mam8 beyond the Seas or efsewhere absent themsefves ,ifllhis Reelme by the space
of &Bavtln yeares together and flO!B suffiCient and evidElf'lI proofe be mad& of the Jives of such p8F$On

or persons respecbYefy 10 any AaJon cornmence<I for recovery of such Tenements by the le5oSOrS or
Reveret.cmef'$ iJI every suct! case the person or persons UPQf1 ~~ life or lives al.ld1 Estate depended
shall be aooountt!d as omurallydead. And in t!Ver:y A,(:tiDn brought for, th~ recovery of (he said
ie.nemeots by the Le&S(Jf.S Or Reverstonem lhelr .telres or Assignes. the Judges. before whom such
Ac1ion shall be br.ought shaN direct the Jury '0 give their Verdict aa if the pelWO 'L>Oe tetnSinin9 bli;J)'ond
tll';! Seas Ill' afherwise .al)senfuig himselfe WEtI"$ dead.

n -

III........... C2
AnnQl,"'QMI

"j;.; Ill'l!(D8~ by '':'1. ,:J _ ". e- _"' . ,': >r-

Mf the supposed dead Man provo to be alive. then the TItle Is revested. Action for mean Profits
wIttl'nwrest.
lx.2ProviCled alwaYflfii That if Em)' per5Qn. or !r ':P$f&OJ1or) PIIr5CU$ shall be Iviotfid o.At or ")ll.a~~ or
Tonement), by 1/e1llUlll' 01 thUs Act and an4trwaras jf such ~rs~ Of peaons IJi)OO .,1tJ Ute: gr llo15
.yd1 6$t{!11tor Elrttlt-. depend shctll ru1llmtt i!9sin. from ,btfyo~ lt1e Stal!ii. or $h.1I OA proo" in ilJny
Action,40b'I ~ht for nlQQ'taIY of """ Hme [ . tl)) be f1V!Oa appeare~ bQ~i~ing; or "tohave ~e
IIvelng at th~ ~m~ of thfl EylctJan That th8f'l and 'rom thencefbfth the Tennant Of Les~ "Nho Wilt
outed of tfIe sam& his 'Of their E~\ltQr1 A.dmi"i~ or M1!ignM ~II Or may "",,,~r ~~
ha'i'ehofd and erfly lhe 8aid landS Of TenenMll'lt$'n his Qt ttl ~-r rorme,' ~. f(Jr and durtil'l9tt1tllfe
or: IJv@sQf IO@ kln9 te~ g the Hid PerlJDn ~ fJEQOrIij ;UPQf1~QIIIa uta< or Livelli the ~d ~e or

'(;II'~telj (kIpeJld, ..,~ be 1IlIino. ami altoe thtJIl upon AGOOnQr Acli'Qll&to bebfQYgfrt by. him '{If IMm
IfJal"lt eM, t..e$$O($RtvettilIOl'l6t$ (;It Tervuatltl!ii .f! pos$~n or O1tIatperlM$ (~Wly WhIeh slnG$
the<tlrne (If tile .10 EvlctiQfll received the Proffltt, of the Mid t..lflcf$ or Tef1~ recover fOf d{lmi~"
thQ f\1U Proffi:Ufi of thQ (laid !.Arid" or Tenememl ~IY wM ~ I~ for.,d frQmthe time
tIW h& or 1tl~ were oLt1ed of the $aid li!rld$ or TenemorQ, 2!nd J(epte Of h~ldout Of the me by' the
SSIe eiliicn Revefiionel1i TennlilOu. or ather pe.rl!Qnlii whg.ilfter the pid Evidia"~iYed thlt PItlfIlttl
ot the ,atel t..1l1t3 or Tf!nemel\1$ or anv of ~m r~V'CIIy' u w.-;IIfn ,bit ca" wnen ~ taid porton
or pefS.Qn1,iypon wODH Life or Liyes such Eihne Q(- i;ICatei did depend 3m QI' snal) be dtarf at .n.e
" bo' ngtna
tlm~ of , ~OJ! t..
~ a'.1 A........
rag liLlY ~" " or- """".mi __ if 'he
AftAio - .,." ._ ""'ld ~af""
__fL .- ~ p
, 4;1" .._..
.-5 ~~I , liver",..
..'it ,...
IHI;!" - - -R'
J
A"nomUon.sr

::iIn!'l~d ~ 1N't 'Or~lrmt~ In ~ In'~r;jl~ Scl1~yle.

WilliiJnt TOii!Qing-c{ IflD tollt Il9t11d ill TfJv S'$It~ Q/ rhJ1 RNIm OIl ~!cm!J; 0. ~:t [0, fCI~N! ~ II ~1iM;llo I.IftoI:! blllfy

of TrlnlJ;y CPll:I{lt. CJlffl~I~fiI

 '111!
C'lSTVI QtJlt VlE ACT, 1101
6. AJIJIf e. 1~ (l.ri!~)

~I

I
 ~~ ,! J~ ~~E' a. 5II!lh "imr: "1!~plb;~'Ai the, -oul1 sohi1ll, lii,cql lYQ, Qt
w~'I1I~ 1i>i!! ISSUQI,'IU, .bllll be! nr;tJlIU'f~~dby line r.ny
<IIf kllrt!'s pr_utl~
[ifl~!\ ot~~ ~ ,15j Jte1 C-,'III,.! ~r~1il .Jt~ W;,,~. .All'" In ~ ~T14"
15'!!~~~1l I~II~. ilysbar!!, or QIbt:~ 'Pfl',s1Jl!i ~lIiU [lifanu .Qf III:~~ .~
llf(lf.juli; "Il~~ ll\l _ 1 fllil ~ W(l~'III' Uf llUlilr ptI.la~1L til 11011 tridell ln
ill C:11J.mo[ C!ll!!o,.~1:}m bj)lI)Ie> ~!!!!n !'o!1lllliillinCieI'll wht;fC1lf return smU
hi! lI!il~ p~ 511.;11 WIII"Ui!fa'lOf~ Mitt 1 qL ral!Olni (I!j!~ PI ell!; ~llY l:~g
QIUQC Iii tll!!~r Q{ ~y or ~ll!l U!ld _.~ Ill; :iI4d mloor milnt4 WC! n!'
Of ~uch D~!}I p:!~ ~ i,1Q0(1:1l1r;1I ~lmll ~ r~~f1 IQb; Ua~ ~nd it
~II bIi IlIwe,II' fll(1I11()' PI,IUIJJi <til&1~liDJ:any riilll lill- i",~~~ III
f\lmAhx1L'J' \!C' m~~fll!l or ~11!>l,wiatl ~CJ' \lu: Ik-~h. Q~ lUl;[J hl(HI!il
IlWifriAiI 1/oIIIm~~1!f 00 ~1~ po:{1l!lI1IR ~ e1!MQllh:iI ill, .(a~id to e!l~I!~
'lfi\l[!' ~HI* ~"f1gl ~"' f\~ lllijO liito,ll~ID~"~,IU If ~tiljlL ittfflfII Ifltlf4"\1
~lail1l1.!r t)11~r pg~ IJ" !l~~ Vf!!rV ~~uill, ~r1!!l.
'III ht~ltl. \lIlli-if !"t~ "'~I, in fo;l~ I,. l\iliit 1)"1\0;, Iii., I":!il rtll~fI\'
or '''?III'l'>l 10 ~ \ltDOlhL rmllir 'M'~' t'!~ !<!- Hlllr. .4!\!;.
1\1""
i~ &,Illrfllip ~'O~!1 "If
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.,.
Pope Apologizes For Catholic Church's
'Offenses' Against Indigenous Peoples
humbly ask 'forgiveness .. .for crimes committed
CLI

against the native peoples during the so-called

conquest of America."

SANTA CAUl, Bolivia (AP) ~ Pope FrQnGis apol:ogi~ed Thursday fOf the 6ins
and "offenses'" committed by the Catholic Church against indigenous peoples
during tho QoJonial-e1l' OQnque$t of tno AmeriOi'$.

ti4&tOrYS fjrst Latin American pope "humbly1t begged forgiveness, during an

ooco!.lnter in BQIMa with indigeno\Js grouP$ and oUter actM&t6 and tn the
p","no" Qf Bolivj~'$ first-ever indigenQus pres4dent, Evo Morales.

Fmooi', noted that t.fttin Amorioan in the p~st had C:\Qknowloc:f9$d

ChVf1.iO t@@dQ(J
!1grave sins were comml;tted agafn$t the native peoples of America In the Flame of
God: $1. John p~u' H. for his Ptlrt, aPQIQ9r~ed to tM' cont~n:ent"&indijgonQUG for
the "pain aoa 8u~rjng" cauMfj during tlm 500 yeeifS 01the, ct1urch:'spreMf1ct on
the continent (jyrlng it 1i992 vi$it to the OQ01t11'ioan AtiliPybUc,

e~tFrancis went farther.

"I humbly ask forgiveness. not only' for the offenses of the churoh hef&eW. but also
for ar.mes c-ommltled against the native pe()f)~esduring the s(J..oa~led conquest of
Anwrica/" he said to appfause anc1 Qheers ff-om the crowd.

Eatl~r ~n~e d,y. Fflnci'3 denounced ffle "throwaway" culture of today a $Qc;ioty
th@t diae.ard$ anyone who 1$ unproduet~ as he oefebrated "19 flfSt pubUe Me"
in BoliviR.
The government deol:ared a national hoUday so workers and students could
attend the Mass, which featured prayers in Guaran. and Aimara, two of BOIila's
indigenous. languagas, and an altar carved from WQQd by artisanet of the
Chrquitano people.

In a blending of the natjveand new. thefamoualy unpretentious pope changed

into nit; vestment$; for the Ma.ss i'n a nearby Burger King,

SpeiiJking to the crOVJdin South America is poorest country, Francis deO:fied the
prevaiUng mentality of the world eeon()my where so many people cue IIdismm:ieQ"
today -. the poor, the elderly', those who are un prod uQtive.

!Jf;t it; ~ mental~ty In which everything has a price. everythfn'9 can be bought.
everytiling is negotiable." he $itiQ. "'This way of thinking ha$ room only fQr a
select few. whi.le it dili~fd$ alilho" who are unproduct've."

The day, however, 1hreatefiOO to be overshadowed by President Evo Morales'

oontrovers.iai g,ift to Ft8nci~ upon his arrJval: a cruoifix caNed ~nto a hemmer and!
$iclde.
Both tnt Vatfcan and the Bolivhi1fl gOvttntn.mtin,ilted Montles wa'nlt mlklll9 a
horetioal Qfporftroal statement with the gift'.Tf'l(ty aid thu:(;rOH~dubbodtho:
!tCo:mm urnst eruoUix ha,d arigt.naDy been d6$igned by a Je$uit actMIt. tho R$III,
l fI

l,ui& EspInal. who was asaa&sillatEtd fn 1980 by $4J'~ Qftr@mUJtiri dvrJF1g

the mon1hs thatpreeeded a violent mmtary coup in BotlV48. On Wedneadav~
Francil, afellOYI Je"u~, prayed at the site where [sptnG,f:'s body was dumped.

"You ean daspute 1he s!gnineance

,.-
and use of the symbol now. but the origin is ""

frem Espinal and the s,en" of it wel about an QP@n d~.lo9ue.flQtllbolA a ,peaifia
ideo~y," said the Vatiean spokesman. the Rev. FederiCO Lom:bardJ.

The a~Man govemment insisted the gift wasn't a politioal maneYWf Qf 10Y iort.
ll
but Wi1P a profound symbol that Moralea thouQht It'Ie "pope of the poor would
approciate .

"That wa$ th:-e intentEOF1of this gift. and it was not any 8Qrt of maneuver '" It Wil5
roal'ly from 9if.af {.tff~tlol1,a work de.lgoed by the very nandtt of wi$ E$pin~'.1!
Communications Min:l:lter Mar~anela PecQ told Patria Nueva radio,

Associated Press wrEters Paota Flores and Carlos Valdet ccntribut~ct

I.J. Res. J94

In the House of Representatives, U" 8.,

Ju~v29, 2008.
Whereas millions of Africans and their descendants were
enslaved in the United States and the U American colonies
from 1619 tbroughl865;

Whereas slavery in America resembled no other form of

involuntary servitude known in history, as Africans were
captured and sold at auction like inanimate objects or
animals;
Whereas Africans forced into slavery were brutalized,
humiliated, dehumanized. and subjected to the indignity of
being stripped of their names and heritage;
Whereas enslaved families were tom apart after having been
sold separately from one another;

Whereas the system of slavery and the visceral racism against

persons of African descent upon which it depended became
entrenched in the Nation's social fabric:

Whereas slavery was not officially abolished until the passage

of the 13tb Amendment to the United States Constitution in
1865 after the end of the Civil 'War;

Whereas after emancipation from 246 years of slavery, African-

Americans soon saw the fleeting political, social, and
economic gains they made during Reconstruction
eviscerated by virulent racism, lynchings,
disenfranchisement, Black Codes, and racial segregation
laws that imposed a rigid system of officially sanctioned
racial segregation in virtually all are-as of Iife;
 2

Whereas the system of de jure racial segregation known as

"Jim Crow," which arose in certain parts of the Nation
following the Civil War to create separate and unequal
societies tor whites and African-Americans, was a direct
result of the racism against persons of African descent
engendered by slavery;
Whereas a century after the official end of slavery in America,
Federal action Was requi red during the 1960s to eliminate
the dejure and defacto system of Jim Crow throughout parts
of the Nation, though its vestiges still linger to this day;
Whereas African-Americans continue to suffer from the
complex interplay between slaver)' and Jim Crow=-loag
after both systems were formally abolished+through
enormous damage and loss, both tangible and intangible,
including the loss of human dignity, the frustration of
careers and professional 1ives, and the tong-term l05S of
income and opportunity;

Vlbereas the story of the enslavement and de jure segregation of

African-Americans and the dehumanizlng atrocities
committed against them should not be purged from or
minimized in the telling of American history;
Whereas on July 8~ 2003~ during a trip to Goree bland .Senegal"
a former slave port, President George \V. Bush
acknowledged slavery's continuing legacy in American Iife
and the need to confront that legacy when he stated that
slavery "was ... one of the greatest crimes of history . . .
The racial bigotry fed by slavery did not end with slavery
or with segregation. And many of the issues that still
trouble America have roots in the bitter experience of other
times. Hut however long the journey, OUT destiny is set
liberty and justice fOT all. B;

I
I
I
 3

Whereas President Blll Clinton also acknowledged the deep--

seated problems caused by the c-ontinuing. legacy of racism
against African-Americans that began with slavery when he
initiated a national dialogue about race;
Whereas, a genuine apology is an importantandnecessary first
step in the pr()cess of racial reconciliati 00.;
Whereas an apology for centuries of brutal dehumanization and
injustices cannot erase the past, but confession of the
wrongs committed can speed racial healing and
reconciliation and help Americans confront the ghosts of
their past;

Whereas the legislature of the Commonwealth of Virginia has

recently taken the lead in adopting a. resolution officially
expressing appropriate remorse for slavery and other State
legislatures have adopted or are considering similar
resolutions; and
Whereas it is important tor this country, which legally
recognized slavery through its Constitution and its laws, to
make a formal apology tor slavery and for its successor,
Jim Crow! so that it can move forward find seek
reconcilierion, justice, and harmony for all of jts citizens:
Now, therefore, be it

Resolved; That the House of Representatives+-

(1) acknowledges that slavery is incompatible with the
basic founding principles recognized in the Declaration of

Independence that all men are created equal;

(2) acknowledges the fundamental injustice~ cruelty,

brutality" and inhumanity of slavery and Jim Crow;
 4

3) apologizes to African Americans on behalf of the

people of the United States, for the wrongs committed
against them and their ancestors who suftered under
slavery and Jim Crow; and
(4) expresses its commitment to rectify the lingering
consequences of the misdeeds committed against African
Americans under slavery and Jim Crow and to stop the
occurrence of human rights violations in the future.
Attest:

Cleric.
 AM510UC LETTER
ISSUED MOTU PROPRlt
o TH S PR r~ PONTIFF
F NeE
ON lHe JURISDICTION Of' JUDICIAL AUTHORfnES OF VA"rlCAN CITY STATE
N CRI['o1I A . fATIERS

In our times" th~ common good is increasingly threatened by transnaUonal organlled

(;rime, tOe im"roper use of the m'arkets and of tho economy, as wo~1as bV tefTOnsm.
It is thQrmQre ne~ry for the international community to adopt; adequate legal
inst:rurnents to prevent and CQLlnter oimlnal actMtles, by promoting tnk!matkmaJ judicial
oogperation on <:rjm~M. mattel'$.
In ral1fylng numerous International conventions to these areasr and acting atso QO behalf
of Vatican Oty Stote~the Holy See tl(.fS Qonstantly maintained that such agreements are
effectl~ means, to prevent criminal actMtlestf'lat threaten human dignity r the common
good and peace.
With a view to renewing the Apostoljc Seers commitment to OOOpef(lte to these ends~by
rneens of this Apostolic Letter Issued Motu PropIfo, I establish that
1. The competent Judada~Authorities of Vatican Ciy State shall af$O exerdse penal
jurisdiction Qver~
a) -::rfmes cornm Itted against the security, the fundamental interests or the patnmony of
the Holy See,
Q) f;lirn~ refe~ to:
& in Vatican aty State Law No. VIIt of 11 July 2013, cof'ltaining Supp/ementiN)' Norms
()11 Ctfmlnal J.aw Matters;

" tn VatiQ1n OW State Law No. IX, of 11 JulV 2013, containing Amendments to the
Crimir1alOxie and the Crtmimu Pror:edure Code;:
when such Crimes are committed by the persons referred to In paragraph 3 below, In
the exerdse Q'
thelf functions;
c) any other crime whose prosecution is required by an rrtrernationaJ agreement ratff1ed
by the Holy seej tF the IX!rpotrator Is phy$lClIIy present rn the tenitory of Vatfcan City
Stato and ~ not been extradfted.
2. The crimes referred to in, peragral)h 1 aM to be jUdged pUrsuant to the cnmlnal faw In
force In Vatican CIty StalE at the lima of thelr cnmmfS$fon, without prejudice to the
g@O@ral,prlnr;fptt!S Qf the legal system on the temporal applicadcn of crlm;nal toW$.

'"
3. For the purposes of Vatkan aiminal taw, the fo~QWing ~ns are deemed ~
f)fficiafs~
a) members, officials and personnel of the various organs of the Roman OJria and of the
Institutions wnnected to it
b) papal legates and diplomatJc personnel of the Her; See.
c) those persons who serve as represe,f)tatives, managers or dIrectors, as weJl as
persons who even de facto manage or exerose control over the entitles djrectly
dependent on the Hofy See and listed m the registry of canonical juridicae persons k.ept
""'.the l':!n.~
"'r o,;n.!vw:::rnora~
. ""Q uJ::an
..." of H " Cit.,.S"""'''''
,"",Uil.,..:,
d) aoy other person holding an admInfstrative or judicia' mandate in the Holy See,
permanent or temporary, paid or unpaid, jrrespective of that persoo'sseniorlly.
4. The jurisdiction referred to in paragraph 1 comprises also the administrative liabfIlity
of juridi{:al persons arising from crimes, as regulated by Vatican City State laws.
5. When the same matters are prosecuted Jn other StWst the provisions tn force in
VatiCGn City State on concurrent jurisdiction shall apply.
6. The content of article 23 of law No., CXIX of 21 November 1987" which approves
the 1udkial 0n:Jer of Vqtiam City St8l8'emains in forc~.
Th4sI decide and establish anything to the ronttary notwithstanding.
l

I establish that this Apostollc Letter issued Motu Proprio will be promulgated by its
publieatjon in l'Osservatore Romano, entering Into force on 1 September 2013.
Given in ROI11et ilt theApostolic PaliJal, on Jl .July 2111.3, the first of my Pont:ific8te.

FRANCISCUS
 The Holy See

MESSAGE OF "liS HOLINESS popE FRANCIS FOR THE CELEBRATION OF i'HE WORLD
OA Y OF PEACE

1 JANUARY 2015

NO tONGEf~ SLAVE.S, Bur BRorrHEf~S .AND SISTEI~S

1- At the beginning of this N,ew Year, which we we.lcome 8S God's gracious gift to aA humanity, I
offer heartfelt wishes of peace to every man and woman. to all the world's peoples and nations, to
heads of state andgovemment, and roreligious leaders. In doing so. I pray for an end to wars,
coofltcts and the great suffering caused by human agency. by epidemics past and present, and by
the devastation wrought by natoral disasters. J pra,y especially that. on, the basis of our common
caning to cooperate with God and alj ,peopte ,of goodwm for the advancement of harmony and
peace in the world. we may resist the temptation to act in a manner unworthy of our humanity_

In n~es.5agG for peace !ast.Y.eia[, I SJp'oke,of "the desire for a full life ... which ,incl\Aoef, a looglog
for . _ mUy Wfiict1 draws us to fellowihlp with othera and cmab~e$ us to see them rnot as ~~fT\t1es
or rivah;, buta$ brothens. 3nd IIS~tef$to be- accepted' and emb~aC(td".r.:u $I~oe we ere by n$tUte
relational belnga,. mean. t to find fulfilment thr'ough intemefWna.'~ re.,IQti.Qrtlit14PS inspir~ by justice
and love. ,It15'fundamental for our human development that our dlQnlty, freedom and autonomy be
ackr'IQWledged and re$pected, Trn.g~Jly.1he growing scourge of man', G)(ploitatl<mbV man
gravely da~ the life of comrmmlon and our calling to fOrge interpersonal, I9lations marked by
re~, jU&t~ and I~ ..This ~bominable phenomttnon, which re-ad'sto COf1tempt for the
fund:amenta~rig"~ of oth"rs ,and to the $uppnI6sijon of their f,~om and dignity~tai<el many
forms. I WQu'd I~kebriefly to consider these', so that. fnr the light of God's word. we can oons~dtuam
men and wom~m "no ,longer slaves, but brothers and $i$ters".

listening to God's plan for humanity

2. The theme I have chosen for this year's message is drawn from Saint Paul's letter to Philemon,
in which the Apostle asks his co-worker to wefcome Onesimus. fonnerty Philemon's slave. now a
Christfan and, therefore, according to PaUl, worthy of being considered a brother. The Apostle of
the Geoijles writes: "Perhaps this is. why he was, parted fromyou for a whi:le, that you might have
him back for ever, no ~onger as a stave but mote than a stave, as a bedoved brother" (w. 1'5-16).
Onesimus became Philemon's brother when he became a Christian _Conversion to Christ. the
begi;f"~g of a Ilife rivedChri~ti.an discipleship. thus constitutes!il n~w birth (cf. 2 ~or 5:1~: 1 Pet
1;3) ich generates. fratemlty as the fundamental bond of farmly ~e and the b3SfS of fife '"
socl .

In the Book of Genesis (ct. 1:27-28). we read that God made Illan male and female ..and b~
them
..&._ ,...._
so thatU1ey
~,,
could increase and
. &_ '-_ ~_~:.....t
...t __
multiply-
-1 _,,_~ .L~_L . L ...
_ .~_L.a.. _L..o- 4 4iL_ _.
He made Adam and Eve parents who, in response
,z_,, ;,a... -''''''_60 -.~ ,r.. ....
! -I

I
they had the same Qrigln, nature and dignity as their parents. who were created in the image and
likeness of God r .

But fi'atemity also embraces variety and dtfferences between brothers and sisters. even though
t~ey are ~inked by birth atld all3 of the same nature and dignity. As brothers and sisters, therefiore,
arJpeopte are in relation with others, from whom they differ. but with whom they share the same
Ol19in, nature and dignity. In this way, fraternity constitutes the network of relations eSS8flfiaJ for
the buHding of the human family cre.ated by Goo.

TntgiCally ,between th8 flf'Jt creation feQOunted in the BOOk.of Genesla and the new bijrth In Chns.t
whereby bOUeVli,. beeqtne brothers and e'$~'" of the "fl t-bom among many brethrenll (Rom
8:29), ttM;trei$ the negative reality of sin~which often dismp1S human katemity and coMtantty.
di$flgyrei tne bea'!fy and nobUity of our being brothel'8 and Sisters in the one tu.rme1n f8mUy, 't
was not Ofl~ th t Cilio QOul:dnot etand Aber; he kiUecI him cutot' envy and. in 80 domor committed
the first fratricide, IICain's murder of Abel bearstragfe ~tnesS to his radical rejection Of thefr
vocatiOn to be brothers, Their story (d. Gen 4:1-16) brings ol)t the dlfflcu't taSk to whioh all ~I
and wom~ are ~U~, to Ilve Q$ one, eflch taking care of the mher".I21

This was also the case with Noah and his oh:Hdren (ct. Gen 9:18~27). Ham's disrespect for his
father Noah drove Noah to curse his insolent son and to bless the others. those who honoured
him. This created an inequality between brothers born of the same womb.

In the account of the origins ot the human family, the sin of estrangement from God, from the
father 'figure and fromlhe bro1her, becomes an expression of the refusa~ ofrommunion. It gives
rise to a cUlture of ensfavement (ct. Gen9:25~27}, with aUil$ consequences extendjng from
9,enera.tion to peneratioo: rejecttOI1 of others, thefr mistreatment, violations of their dignity and
fundamental nghts. and institutionalized inequatUy. Hence. the need for constant conversion to the
Covenant, fulfilled by Jesus sa.crmce on the cross, in the oonfrdence that "'where sin increased,
grace abounded all the more ... through Jesus Chris.t" (Rom 5:20~21). Chrlst, the beloved Son (ct.
Mt 3~17), came to reveal the Father's love for humanity_ Wboever hears the Gospel and responds
to the call to conversion becomes Jesu$'"brother, sister and mother" (Mt 12:50), and thuiS an
adopted son of his Father (ct. Eph 1:5).

One does not become a Christ;an. a chJld 'Of the Father and a brother or sister in Christ, as the
result of an authoritative divine decree, w[thout the exercise of personal tfeedom: in a word,
without being freely cooverted to Christ. Becoming a ch~d of God is necessarily linked to
conversion: "Repent, and be baptized, every one of you. in the name of Jesus Christ for the
forgiveness of your sins; and you $hall receive the gift of the Holy Spirir (Acts 2:38). An those
who responded in faith and with their lives to Peter"s pTeiltChing entered into the fratemjty of the
first Christian community (ct. 1 Pet 2:17; Acts 1:15-16,. 6:3, 15:23)~ Jews and Greeks, staves and
free (cf. 1 Cor 12:13; GaJ 3.:28). Differing origins and social status did not diminish anyone's
dignity orexe1ude anyone from belonging to the People of God. The Christian GCmmunity is thus
a place of communion lived in the love shared among brothers and srstefS (ct. Rom 12~10; 1
Thess 4:9; Heb 13: 1; 1 Pet 1 :22: 2 Pet l':7).

AU of this $how$ t'IOW tne Good News, ,of Jesus Christ. in whom God makes "aMth~ngs, new" (Rev
21 :5) ,Jl iQallQ capa~e Of redeeming human relationships" ,ne1uding thoM ~n 6faveae,nQ
masters, by s:hedding light on what both have in common: adoptive sonshipand the bond of
brmnerl'loc:)rQ in Chrhst, J@,us himH'1f wid to h~ dh5ciph,tlK'"No Io~r dQ I C811you .erwnt$l for the
seMn~ dQeS n01:.u'u)Wwhat his rna$tef is doing; but I have ealled you friends, for atl1hat I nave
htNlrd ffom my F3therI ha~ made known to you" (In 15~15}r

The many faces ,of slavery yesterday and today I

3, From time immemorial. different societies have known the ohenomenon of man's subluoation
I
 3
generally accepted and regulated by law. This leglsJatiOn dictated who was bom free and who 'Was
born into stavery, as we[l as the oondttions whereby a freeborn person could lose his Of her
freedom or regain It In other words, the law itself admitted that some peopte were able or required
to be considered the property of other people, at their free dispositfoo. A s1ave could be bought
and sord, given away or acqu,red, as if he or she were a commercial product.

Today,. as the result of a growth in our awate~S, sJilV8fY.seen as a crime against humanity.[41
ha& been formally abQIJshftd throughQut the world. The right gf eachpe",on not to be kept m: a
state of $lavery or eervitude has been f(tcogoi2!ed In il'\tem8tiMa~law as inYI~able-

Yet. even though the intematrooal community Ilas adopted numerous agreements aimed at ending
slavery in all its forms. and has faunched various sfrategies to combat this phenomenon; miUions

of people today - children, women and men of all ages - are deprived of freedom and are forced
to live jn conditions akin to slavery',

I think of the many men and women labourers, including minors, subjugated in different sectors.
whether formally or infOflTlal&y. In domestic or agricultural workplaces, or in the manufacturing. or
mining .industry; whether in oountries where labour regulations fail to comply with intemanonat
norms and .minimum standards, or, equally illegaJiy. ln countries which Jack legal protection fO(
j
workers rights.

I.thin,k also of the l.iv;ngoonditions of many migrants who, in their dramatic odyssey, experience
hunger; are deprived of freedom, robbed of their: possessions, or undergo physical and sexual
abuse. In a particular way. I think of those among them who. upon arri.ving at their d~tinatjon after
a gruelling journey marked by fear and insecurity, are detained in at times knhumane oondttions. I
think of those among 1tiem. who for different social, potitical and economic reasons. are foroed to
~ive clandestinely_ My thou9hts also turn to those WOOl in order to remaln within the law agree to
disgraceful living and working conditrons, especially in those cases where the Jaws of a nation
create Of perron a structura! dependency of migrant workers on their empfoyers, as. for example,
when the legality of their residency is made dependent on their labour contract. Yes. I am thinking
of "slave labour"'.

I think a'soof persons forced Into prostitution,many of whom are mlnors, as well as mate and
female sex slaves.
I think of women forced into maniage, those sold for arranged marriages and
those bequeathed to retatives of 1heir deceased husbands. without any right to give Of withhord
tneirconsent '

Nor can I fail to think of aU those persons, minors and adults alike, who are made objects of
traffickjng, for the sale of organs. for recruitment as soid1ers. for begg.ing, for itregaj activitJes
such
as the production and sale of narcotics, Of for disguised forms of cross-border adoption.

Hnally, I think Of all thQ$e kidnapped and heldi captive by terronst groups, sUbjected to their
purposes as combatants, or. above all in the case of young girls and women, to be used as sex
slaves. Many of these d.is.appear white others are sold several limes over, tortured, mutilated or
t

killed.

Some reepe.f causes of Slave~ . . . . _ !

4. Todf:. ..asted asthean object.

to bet,
In -.t. ~.. avery
pas. ooted In a noti.on of the huma. l>@.fSO.nWhiChallmvs....hlm.Ofh-r
4S. f..
Whenever sin corrupts the human heart andi distances us from our
11.

Creato .and our neighbou:rs, the latter are no longer regarded as beings of equal dignity. as
brothe1i$or sisters sharing a common humanfty
"f""",,--- ,~__ . k'J4 ~".-.; __ II _r
but rather as objects.
It.:.-__.._ .... ~-""'_
_"' ...~_._
~.r'\
Whether
.... __
. ~1
by coercion or
. "k-. =----- -_ . !
t:ikeness of God are deprived of their freedom, soki and reduced to being the property of others.
They are treated as means to an end.

Alongside this deeper cause - the rejection of another person's humanity - there are other causes
which help toexpJain contemporary forms of slavery. Amongithese; I think in the first place of
pov,erty. underdeveropment and excluston, especially when combined with a lack of access to
education or scarce, even non-existent, employment opporiuni,ties. Not infrequently. the victims
~ .

human, traffioking and slavery are people who rook for a way out of 8 situation of extreme poverty;
taken in by false promises of employment they often end up in the hands of criminal: networks
which organize human traffickjng. These networks are $killed In us,ng modem means of
communjcation as a way of luring young men and women in various parts of the wond.

Another caue of ,Ilavery i& cerrupuon on the part ,of people ~Iiog to do anything fof fin~ncial
gain. S'lave labour end hLlman traffick1ng often requjre the oomplfChy of in,termfiane&, bett1ey 1i\lW
enforcement personnel, a1ata officials, or cMI andmflUary ~"$titutlQns. "'Th1$occu:ns ~en morley,
and not the human person" is at the centre of an economic $Y6tQm. Yes, the person, made intne
image of God and cnaf98d with dominjon over all creation. must be at the centre of every soofaJ or
economic system. When the person is fepfaoed by mammon, a $Ubv8l'8jon of v8rues oocuraio.l.5l

Further causes of stavery include armed conflicts. violence, criminal activity and terrorism. Many
people are kidnapped in order to be sold, enlisted as combatants. Of sex:ua.tJy exp~oifed. while
others are forced to emigrate, leaving everything behind: their country, home, property,. and even
members of their family. They ,are driven 10 seek an aJternative to, these terrible conditions even at
the risk of their personal dignity and their very lives; they risk ber.ng:drawn into that vicious circle
which makes them prey to misery~ cornJption and their baneful consequences.

A shared commitment to endjng s1a.very

5. Often, when oonsidering the reality of human 'ttaffiektn.g. illegal traffICking of migrants and othef
ack.nCM1edged or unacknOwledged forms of slavery. one has the impression that 1hey oCC\Jr within
a context of genera' Indifference.

Sadly, this is largely true. Yet I would Ikke to mention the enormous a nd often sUent efforts which
have been made for many yea~ by relig'ious congregations, especraUy women's congregations,
to provide support to victims. These institutes work in very dlfflcult situations" dominated at tifnes
by viofence. as they work to break the invisible chalns binding victims to traffickers and exploiters.
Those chains are made up of a series of links. each oomposecjof clever psycho[ogjcaj ploys which
make the victims dependent on their exptolters. This is accomplished by blackmail and threats
made against them and their loved ones, but also by coocrete acts such as the confiscation of
their identity documents and physical violence. The activity of religious congregations is carried
out fn three malo areas: in offering assistance to victims, -in working for their psychological and
educational rehabilitation. and In efforts to reintegfate them into the 'SOc1etywhere they live or from
whrch they have come.
This immense task, which patienoe and perseverance, desewes the
calls for courage,
appreciation of the whole Church and society. Yet, of itself, it is not suffictent 10 end 1he scourge of
the expfoitation of human persons- There is also need for a threefold commitment on the
institu~onal level: to prevention. to victim protecti..on and to the legal prosecution of perpetrators.
More0r.er. since criminaf organizations employ gtobal networks to achieve their goals, efforts to
elimin;a.te this phenomenon also demand a common and. indeed. a globaf effort on the part of
various sectors of society.

States must ensure that their own regi~atioo truJy resped& the dfgnity of the human person in t~
.
i'b~ "'..;"'I"Mnl"'.nTl",
f
. t .,.. +:nn .b
"'. rn""'''c.I''M.,. n~ h bi.."C"~ """~hnra . "'1'" ",f
ft" t-M
 5
person,_uphoJd fundamental rights and restore those rights when they have been violated. Such
laws shoufd also provide for the rehabilitation of victims. ensure their personal safety, and include
effectiw means of enfomem.ent which feave no room for corruption or impunity, The role of
women in society must also be recognized, not least through jnitiatives in the sectors of culture
and socia,1 communications-,

Intergovemmenta. orga nitZations. in keeping with the principle of $ubsidtarity, are called to
coordinate inmatives for oombating the transnationaf networks of organized crime which oversee
the trafficking of persons and the ilregaJ trafficking of migrants. Cooperation is clearly needed at a
number of IeveJs,involv-ing national and intemational _institutions, agencies of ciV'~1 society and the
worfd of finance.

Busine$Se1i,UU have a duty to ensure dignified worldng conditions and adeqoat. salaries for their
employees1 but they m~t ftlso bevigflant that 10ms of $ubJ~9atto" Of human m-fficktog do not find
their way Into the diatf~butbn chain, Togetl\er ~th the soc.tal reapon5Jibillty of Ol,J$ines$e$, there is
also the SOCia! respo""bility of coosumef5, Every -person ought to have the ~reness that
"p,ufchasing '8
always a moral ...and not aimply an -economic - act",tzJ

Organizations in civH society, fO( their part, have the taSk of awakenJng consoienOO$ and
promoting whatever steps are necessary for combating and uprooting the cldture of enslavement

In recent ~f$. the Hofy See, attentive to the pain of the victims of traffioki"9 and the voioe of tf.le
rellgiou6 Congregation wnrQh 8s.1ist them on their path to freedom ,-hi' increaeeQ itI ;appealrs tQ
the 'ntem.ationaroommunity for QI:XlpeRltiQn and colrabOOltion betvveen, difforent agencies in
putting an end to thi$ $OOL)rge.l,W Meetings. have. also been organized to dli!W ~tionl to the
phenomenon of human 1fafflCkr.ng and to facUltate-COOpe.ratiOfl between vahOUS ag$nci". t
including e~rts from the univerSities and intematfonaJ organfzaUons-, pollee forces from migran16
CQ\mmn of orTgin, transR, or destination r and representatives of ecc4es4al groupe which worle with
viettms. It i$ mv
.hoQe that these effott$ wlft continue to expe nd in yeara to QOme.

Gtobalizfng fraternity J not slavery or indifference

.. ' tamation of the truth .of Christ's love. I.'" SOQaty. '''U1lt".,. Chtm::h con5tan1Jy .ngages in
6,_In -her "PI'OC
chlfitt.tbl-. actf.vJtiet ~olf)lred by- the truth of the human person: She' f,schafged with -.hawing tQ aU
the path to conversIOn" which enables us to d'1ange the way we-see our o8'ghbou.rs, to reoognlz:e-
In every other person a brotner or sistet in OUf human famUy, and to acknowledge hJsor her - .
im:rin~c di9!lity in truth and freedom. This .can ~ clearly seen from to_estory of Josep~in~ Bakhita.
the $aint ongfnSllly from ~ Darfur regto(l In Sttdtln who was Iddnapped by ~aye~h1iffidtfs and
'601d to brut", meeter$ when she was .,ine years old: Subsequently r: as a result of ~jnfut
e.xperlente$ - she ~came a "froe daughter of God" thankf; to h@rfaith. II~ in religiom5
.ooflsecraijon and in &ef'Vloe to others, especially the mO$llowfy 8tld helpless. Th saint, who lived
at 1tle-tum er th,- twentieth century, ~stWen today an EncemplefY 'Mtn.eas of flQpeum fOf the marlY
victims -of :'I~very: she OS" support the efforts of all those committed to flg~n9 agj'lns. thjs "~i

wound on tOe body of contempora-ry 1Oei.e1y,8 SalYrge upon the body of Christ". WJ

j intvtte everyone. in accordance with his or her specific role and

In the light. of .aUthis,
responsibifitie5~ to practice acts of fraternity towards those kept in a state of elilSlavement let us
ask oorselves. as indwfduals and as communities. whether we fee~ chalfenged when, in our da~y
lives, we meet or deal w1th persons who covid be victims of human t~ffickjng, Or when we are
tempte~_ to select items which may waR have been produced by exploiting others, Some of us, out
of indi er~nce, or financial fca50n~1 or because we,are cau9~l up ,in, OU! ~aily oo~ce ..rna, close our
eyes t thIS. Others, however, decide to do something about H:, to JOI!Il. clYte a5sociatJOnSOf" to
practl~ smell. everyday gestures - whic11 have so much menU-such as offetmg a kind word. a
gr$eting or a smile. These cost us nothing blrt they can offer hope, open doors, aM change the
IWeof ~nother person whO lives .clandestinely: they can also- change our own liVes will respect to
this reallty_
We. oyght to recogniJ:e that we are facing. global phenomenon which eXOMO$ tho oompetenoo of
anyone' oommunily or Qounby. In order to ~im.nateit1 we ~ a mQbiUlation com~.rable! In size
to, that of the phenomenon itself. For this reason ~urgently appeal to an men and women of good
writ, 8"cI 84'those Ntar or far, ~nduding the highest levels of eMI mtutiQl1$, wno witnes, the
8c.o1Jf~$ of contemporary $'ev~ry, not tobecQme 8coornplic;es to tnjs evil. not ~ turn aw~y from the
,uffennQS of our brothtJl'l and sistetS, our ~Iow human beings, who ate depnved. oftheff freedom:
and'dignity, h18tead, may we have the courage to touch the sufferfng flesh of Cflnst.W], reve.&teQ
'n the faCQ$ gf t~ coYotkim ~r'$ont whom neeall$ "a feS$t of these my bnethrenll (Mt 25;40.
46).

We know that God wmask each of us: What did you do for your brother? (ct. Gen 4:9-10). The
globalization of indifference, which today burdens the lives of 50 many of our brothers and sisters.
requlres aU of us to forge a new wortdwide solidarity and fratemitycapable of giving them new
hope and heiping them to advance with courage amid the problems of our time and the new
hori!2;;Ons which they disclose and which God plaoes in our hands.

From the Vatican, 8 December 2014

fRANCISCUS

~=No.1.

[Z} Message to the 2014 Wprld Dav of p~ ceo 2.

{3r Cf. Apo5tolle ~h()rtation EYfmgeW Gaudlum. 11,

~Cf.P_ONTIf'~CAL COUNC:ILFOR JUSTICE ANt) PEACE, Vocation of the Business

leader. A Reflectloll, 2013.

tn...-....BENEOICT XVI, EncyClical letter C;adtas 4o'ier1tate, 66.

'.9 May

[&1 . BENEDICT XVII Encyclical Letter Ca(ija:i.iuVadtate,; 5.

" "Th~gt1 the k~e of this hope ~ wa:t$'redeemed'. no h).r e .' .ve, but a free
OOi ~'.'God,. She understQocf Y!hal Paul ~e~nt When he ~minded thtt ePhe5~n" that ~reV10U$ty
they ere without hope and without God '" tI'leworld .withQut hope because without God"
~
(2EN[O'lCT XVl EnoyeUealletter Spe SJitvi, 3).
1
COPYftght - Ubrerla E.ditrice Vatlcana